专题一 名词与冠词

专题一名词和冠词常考点掌握名词的可数和不可数性、可数名词的复数、名词作定语以及名词的所有格形式的用法。

特别注意名词词义辨析和名词固定短语的运用。

近些年考查名词的题目，在设问方面更趋精细化。

冠词主要考查牢固的基础知识和灵活使用冠词的能力。

冠词的用法复杂，要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词的泛指、特指、类指、专指的概念。

做题时，首先要搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前要加不定冠词。

名词1名词的数1. 单数名词变为复数名词常考点：①以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但是下列以－o结尾的名词要加－es：hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)。

②以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，需把f或fe去掉，加－ves：half，－self，wife，life，knife，shelf，wolf，thief，leaf，loaf。

③合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。

如：passers－by，go－betweens，lookers－on，mothers－in－law。

2. 下列名词通常作不可数名词：fun，advice，progress，information，equipment，luggage，weather，furniture等。

3. 有些名词的复数形式可表示特别的意义。

如：waters(水域)，sands(沙滩)，manners(礼貌)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪；烈酒)，contents(目录)，customs(海关)，lines(台词)，arms(武器)，looks(容貌)。

4. 单复数同形的名词。

如： Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，series，means，works。

专题01 冠词、名词2022年高考真题1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.答案：the解析：考查冠词。

句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。

本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。

故填the。

2．（2022全国甲卷）____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.答案：A解析：考查冠词。

句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。

根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。

故填A。

3.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.答案：the解析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。

特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。

故填the。

4.（2022年浙江1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.答案：the解析：考查冠词。

第十一讲名词与冠词考点1 名词词义辨析，包括同缀、形近、意近和无关联词1．There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________and then let me know.(2015·安徽，30) A．thought B．supportC．protection D．authority答案 A解析句意为：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。

多思考一下，再让我知道。

thought思想，思考，符合句意。

support支持，维持，支援，供养；protection保护，防卫；authority 权威，权力，当局。

2．One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015·浙江，15)A．production B．stressC．energy D．power答案 B解析句意为：减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。

stress压力，紧张，符合语境。

production生产，制作，产品；energy精力，活力，干劲；power权力，势力，影响力。

3．Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccerreform.(2015·江苏，32) A．judgments B．adjustmentsC．comments D．achievements答案 B解析句意为：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将不得不做出调整。

judgment判断；adjustment调整，适应；comment评论；achievement成果，成就。

应当选B项。

4．—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.(2015·江苏，35)A．requests B．excusesC．apologies D．regrets答案 C解析句意为：——去向你妈妈道歉，戴夫。

三年（2018-2020）年高考真题分项汇编专题01 冠词、名词、一、2020年高考真题1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。

句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。

根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。

故填interest。

2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks【解析】考查名词复数。

句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。

chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。

3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。

句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。

不定冠词a后接名词形式。

故填celebration。

4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】将vacations改为vacation【解析】考查不可数名词。

高考复习英语教案专题一名词和冠词【典例精析】1. （福建） What’ s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’ t eat, drink or even simply hang oa while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion【分析】 A sense 意为“感觉”在这样一个公共场所，不能够吃喝甚至不能够走动有什么感觉。

2.（天津卷） Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products【分析】A fuel 燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil 均为燃料，由此选出A3. （山东）A. exchange I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.B. bargainC. tradeD. business【分析】Ｂbargain 低价货切合句意，exchange 互换； trade 贸易，买卖；business 事业，业务均不合句意4. （江西卷）— Shall we go out for a walk?— Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance【分析】Ａ句意为：此刻邀请我不适合，moment此时，此刻切合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance 时机均不合题意5.（湖北卷） The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution【分析】B年青人对父亲母亲做出承诺。

高考英语名词与冠词专题练习（含答案）1.When you enter a hotel, the top is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.A．privilege B．priorityC．preference D．principle2.The health of garden plants depends on the soil —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.A．construction B．conservationC．corporation D．composition3.The audience burst into laughter because of the of the tongue from the ho st, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”A．slip B．slideC．seal D．spit4.Mo Yan, a most widely-read writer，takes a complete new to describing China’s rural and folk culture.A．way B．approachC．passage D．entry5.Music grows and evolves through the of different cultures and styles.A．interaction B．competitionC．connection D．interpretation6.．She was admitted to college and she had to make some and learn to lead an independent life there.A．progress B．adjustmentC．difference D．assessment7.The survey shows that the US is still a favorite for studying abroad.A．opportunity B．destinationC．challenge D．qualification8．—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?—I’ve made a for you on the morning flight.A．regulation B．presentationC．reservation D．contribution9.Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) for any crime.A．defeat B．treatmentC．punishment D．injury10.W hen asked what is the of happiness, different people will give different a nswers.A．habit B．sourceC．origin D．resource11.Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some to be at an advantage finally.A．amazement B．reliefC．curiosity D．nervousness12.Finding information in today’s world is easy.The is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.A．knowledge B．abilityC．competition D．challenge13.It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to yourand have a try!A．imagination B．puzzlementC．attention D．qualification14.The patient’s family has expressed their to the press in letters for the money raised.A．purpose B．apologiesC．gratitude D．sympathy15.When you cast a for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.A．glance B．doubtC．shadow D．vision16.The of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.A．cooperation B．similarityC．convention D．collision17.As is often the case, teachers’with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehavi ors and laziness in school.A．acquaintances B．negotiationsC．conferences D．consultations18.For sustainable development, the government has decided to give to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.A．permission B．profitC．preference D．phenomenon19.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.A．award B．admissionC．allowance D．acquisition20 ．In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the and depths of the characters’ personalities.A．dimensions B．certificatesC．occupations D．consciences21.Many parents received a message about the class because of hazy days in Beijing.A．inspection B．suspensionC．anticipation D．participation22.As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his．A．clients B．colleaguesC．organizations D．companions23.Many people tend to assume that just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.A．imitation B．imaginationC．innovation D．inspiration24.When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) to think that you can do anything.A．opportunity B．situationC．tendency D．advantage25.Having a regular bedtime is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.A．arrangement B．activityC．trend D．routine26．A trip to the forest park is a wonderful of my happy childhood，when I had no end of fun with my playmates.A．adventure B．celebrationC．reminder D．attraction27.She has a for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.A．talent B．passionC．requirement D．reputation28.—The rapid of our city has caused many social and economic problems.—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.A．exploration B．expansionC．explosion D．evolution29.．He was faced with the of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.A．contrast B．differenceC．adjustment D．dilemma30 ．W hat I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my．A．conscience B．dreamC．nose D．passion31．I often have chat with my friends on phone in my spare time.A．a；the B．the；/C．the；the D．a；/32.Health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their to patients.A．exposure B．discriminationC．guidance D．response33.If you want to see a doctor，y ou fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common in the USA.A．view B．exerciseC．practice D．reality34.In 2013，Beijing adopted an emergency program for air pollution.A．behavior B．actionC．response D．situationually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n).A．break B．improvementC．exception D．tradition36.The fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n) to your performance at school.A．solution B．invitationC．block D．access37.Although war still exists on our planet，I do believe it’s possible for different ethnic groups to live together in .A．agreement B．harmonyC．connection D．comparison38.Unfortunately，stone hit him on head and he got injured.A．the；a B．a；/C．a；the D．the；the39．I prefer writing letters to talking on phone.A．the；a B．/；theC．the；the D．/；a40.It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little .A．use B．goodC．difference D．result41.This is our contribution to world of the 21st century，world of independence and mutual understanding.A．the；a B．/；aC．a；the D．the；/42.For the final of our journey，we decided to take the coach.A．leg B．roundC．distance D．path43.Jianbing，one of the most popular snacks in China，appeals to almost everyone in America and has become new food there.A．usual B．hitC．common D．success44.My neighbor Molly is very kind-hearted.She usually volunteers to help poor in our community out of sympathy.A．/；the B．the；/C．a；the D．the；the45.Time and time again she was warned of the of her action.A．effects B．resultsC．importance D．consequences46．I don’t fully understand what you said，but I have got rough idea of plan.A．a；/ B．/；theC．a；the D．the；the47.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your .A．condition B．incomeC．credit D．status48.When the captain found the ship was rapidly sinking，he ordered his men to send out a for help.A．signal B．signC．symbol D．signature49.．O ne of most common illnesses in our society is “time sickness”，sense of time pressure and hurry that causes anxiety and tension.A．/；a B．/；theC．the；a D．the；the50.True happiness does not lie in the of money，but the joy of achievement.A．possession B．professionC．permission D．persuasion高考押题专练1.When you enter a hotel, the top is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.A．privilege B．priorityC．preference D．principle【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。