分册二 专题一 名词和冠词

专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。

冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：单一，每一，任一事物a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。

A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。

A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。

a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。

冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：泛指单一，每一，任一事物a(n)指类别上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别上文提到的人或事物the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。

A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。

A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。

a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

小学英语名词，冠词，介词大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：john is a studentstudent是普通名词，john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。

注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。

如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

专题一名词和冠词名词的种类：1、专有名词：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。

（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。

）2、普通名词：1）不可数名词物质名词：，，，…抽象名词：，，，，…water rice oil paperhealth trouble work pleasure honor⎧⎨⎩注意：①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。

如：have a wonderful time.②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

③不可数名词一般无复数形式。

部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……| | | |各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水积雪④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。

如：times时代，works著作，difficulties 困难⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。

如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….2）可数名词：①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.②有复数形式：a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)…注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）……。

第二部分语法专项突破第一讲名词和冠词,[学生用书P255～P258]) 一、名词的数二、名词的所有格三、名词的搭配①(2014·高考江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay in shape.汤姆总是在早晨慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持身体健康。

②(2013·高考江苏卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a turn for the better.有了来自于别的食品文化的灵感，美国食品文化可以变得更好。

③(2013·高考辽宁卷)The accident caused some damage to my car，but it’s nothing serious.这起事故对我的车造成一些损伤，但不严重。

④(2013·高考天津卷)If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.如果你有麻烦了，Mike总是愿意帮你一把。

四、不定冠词的用法五、定冠词的用法,[学生用书P258～P260])Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空1．(2014·高考陕西卷)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.2．(2014·高考浙江卷)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night.3．(2014·高考重庆卷)I can’t tell you ________ way to the Wilsons’because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village.4．A professor stood before ________ class of 20 senior organic biology students，about to hand out ________ final exam.5．Racing is ________ most interesting sport I’ve ever known.6．The Spring Festival is ________ special holiday for most Chinese when ________ whole family will get together.7．China launched ________ countr y’s first lunar rover aboard ________ Chang’e 3, bringing Chinese dream of reaching the moon close.8．Couples in Shanghai are for ________ first time being encouraged to have ________ second child as authorities try to reduce the burden of an ageing population.9．—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.—It is not your fault. With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.10．________ rescue workers on the scene told ________ Greens that they were going to pull their child out first.11．The peace­making spirit of Nelson Mandela, who was elected ________president at the age of 76, has won him ________ worldwide respect.12．—Kathleen, ________ Mr. Heller is waiting for you outside.—Just a second. I’m on ________ phone.13．It is acknowledged that ________ shortest distance between persons is ________ sincere smile.14．The story shows that ________ knowledge of ________ first aid can make ________ real difference.15．Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.16．In ________ third quarter of 2014, Xiaomi’s sales market share beat Lenovo for the first time to rank ________ second largest in China, second only to Samsung.17．After ________ dogs，the horse has had ________ closest relationship with man.18．It is said that ________ class of 200 students attended the lecture on ________ nature of human beings.19．Many cities issued a warning of________ air pollution for PM 2.5 readings, which has become ________ concern these days.20．In his children, Tom would stare at ________ world map on the wall, wondering if he would ever have ________ journey to those distant lands.答案：1.The；a 2.a；the 3.the；a 4.a；the5．the 6.a；the7.the；/8.the；a9.the；the10．The；the11./；/12.a；the13.the；a14．a；/；a15.a；a16.the；the17./；the18．a；the19./；a20.the；aⅡ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1. (2014·高考浙江卷)We most prefer to say yes to the ____________(request) of someone we know and like.2．(2014·高考湖北卷) Her ____________(motive) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.3．(2014·高考安徽卷)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?—That’s a good __________(suggest)．4．—We’ve been destroying lots of forests every year.—What a shame! We’ll be the ____________(victim) of our own foolish behavior.5．—How can I take the medicine, sir?—Just follow the ____________(direct) on the bottle.6．A teacher’s ____________(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.7．—Why don’t you go to medical college and be a doctor?—Oh. It calls for a great deal of ____________(patient) with long training, which I am afraid I don’t have.8．In cold winter，people prefer to stay at home，and few of us realize the ________(valuable) of sunlight to our health.9．After living in Quanzhou for five years, she has developed quite an ________(affect)for the city.10．If a young man wants the____________(flexible) to move to a different city in future years, he should keep renting instead of buying a house.11．The police are trying to find out the ____________(identify) of the woman murdered in the bathroom.12．According to this survey，some TV programmes should take ____________(responsible) for teenagers’ negative behavior.13．It’s reported that the students who are addicted to playing computer games are all driven by ____________(curious)at first.14．While I admit that English words keep escaping from our memory，constant ____________(expose) to them not only increases our understanding of them，but likely plants them into our mind.15．The little girl has a strong ____________ (prefer) for sweet food. Whenever and wherever she buys food，she always takes sweet into consideration first of all.16．An annual study found that 2% of South Koreans aged 10—19 needed treatment for excessive online gaming or were at risk of ____________(addict)．17．What surprised us most was that the price of the ____________(admit)to the Children’s Paradise which was built last year rose to $50 the day before yesterday.18．Several red and white barriers marked the road at ____________(interval)of about a mile.19．Parents should be good role models for they have a great influence on children’s character ____________(form)．20．Compared to the advantages of the Internet，those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its ____________(survive)，and in many people’s opinion，the latter will be replaced.答案：1.requests 2.motivation 3.suggestion4．victims 5.directions 6.devotion7.patience8．value9.affection10.flexibility11.identity12.responsibility13.curiosity 14.exposure15．preference16.addiction17.admission18．intervals19.formation20.survivalⅢ.语篇填空在空格中填入适当的冠词，或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。