添加不同比例苜蓿草粉对肉兔屠宰性能的影响
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不同粉碎粒度苜蓿草粉对扬州鹅生产性能和血液生化指标的影响赵倩明;朱隆基;詹康;霍永久;赵国琦【摘要】Alfalfa is one of the most important forage legume species in China and famous as"king of grass". The nutrients in alfalfa can effectively increase the productivity and body immunity of animals. Relative reports suggest that addition of appropriate amount of alfalfa in forage can improve the production performance of animals, such as fattening pigs, sows, laying hens, rabbits and aquatic animals. Due to poor palatability and bad absorbing ability, the development and application of alfalfa was greatly restricted. However, alfalfa pellet feed can promote flavor and improve palatability, meanwhile reduce the waste of alfalfa resources. Previous research suggests that as particle size of animal feed decreases, the contact between nutrients and digestive enzymes possibly increases, and the digestibility of nutrients can be improved simultaneously. Therefore, technical adjustment on particle size, color, flavor and palatability of the alfalfa feed is of great importance in raising livestock and poultry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alfalfa meal with different particle sizes on production performance, meat quality and blood biochemical index of Yangzhou goose, and provide theoretical reference of optimal particle size for production of alfalfa meal. In this study, 180 healthy 28-day-old Yangzhou geese (half male and half female) with similar initial body mass were selected as test materials. Theywere divided into three group s randomly (experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ), and each group had five replications with 12 geese per each replication. The three groups were fed with alfalfa meal with particle sizes of 272.0, 301.2 and 391.3μm, respectively, and the whole experiment lasted fo r 42 days. Results indicated that there were no significant difference in final mass after 49 days (P>0.05); the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in the experimental groupⅡwere significantly higher than thatof the experimental groupⅠ(P<0.05). After 70 days, the average daily gain in the groupⅠwas significantly higher than the group Ⅲ (P<0.05); the carcass mass, breast muscle mass and breast muscle ratio in thegroupⅡincreased significantly compared with the groupⅢ;the masses of tibia and bu rsa of Fabricius and pH of leg muscle in the groupⅠwere significantly higher than the group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the masses of heart, liver and spleen in the groupⅠwere significantly higher than the groupⅢ(P<0.05);the shear forces of breast muscle in the groupsⅠandⅡwere significantly higher than the group Ⅲ(P<0.05);the water-holding capacity of leg muscle in the groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than the group Ⅰ(P<0.05); the total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the groupⅠwere significant ly low compared with the groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal particle size for alfalfa feed should be 272.0 μm. The pellet diet can effectively increase the production performance of Yangzhou goose, and promote the development of organs as well as the blood biochemical indexes.%选用180只28日龄且体质量相近的扬州鹅,公母各半,将其随机分为3组(试验组Ⅰ、试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ),每组5个重复,每个重复12只,分别饲喂含有粉碎粒度为272.0、301.2和391.3μm的苜蓿草粉日粮,试验期为42 d,研究不同粉碎粒度苜蓿草粉对鹅生产性能、肉品质和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:在49日龄,各组扬州鹅的末质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组Ⅱ(粉碎粒度为301.2μm)的鹅平均日采食量和平均日增质量在统计学上显著高于试验组Ⅰ(粉碎粒度为272.0μm)(P<0.05);在70日龄,试验组Ⅰ的平均日增质量显著高于试验组Ⅲ(粉碎粒度为391.3μm)(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ的屠体质量、胸肌质量和胸肌率显著高于试验组Ⅲ(P<0.05);胫骨质量、法氏囊质量和腿肌pH值试验组Ⅰ显著高于试验组Ⅱ(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ的鹅心脏质量、肝脏质量和脾脏质量显著高于试验组Ⅲ(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的胸肌剪切力显著高于试验组Ⅲ(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ的胸肌系水力和胸肌剪切力显著高于试验组Ⅲ(P<0.05);试验组Ⅱ和Ⅲ的腿肌系水力显著高于试验组Ⅰ(P<0.05);试验组Ⅰ的鹅血清总胆固醇含量和低密度脂蛋白含量显著低于试验组Ⅱ和Ⅲ(P<0.05).综上表明,苜蓿草粉颗粒料能够提高扬州鹅屠宰性能,促进器官发育和改善血液生化指标.其中,以272.0μm苜蓿草粉碎粒度饲喂的效果最佳.【期刊名称】《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》【年(卷),期】2017(043)002【总页数】9页(P253-261)【关键词】苜蓿;鹅;粉碎粒度;生产性能;血液生化指标【作者】赵倩明;朱隆基;詹康;霍永久;赵国琦【作者单位】扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009;扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009;扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009;扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009;扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S835SummaryAlfalfa is one of the most important forage legume species in China and famous as“king of grass”.The nutri ents in alfalfa can effectively increase the productivity and body immunity of animals.Relative reports suggest that addition of appropriate amount of alfalfa in forage can improve the production performance of animals,such as fattening pigs,sows,laying hens,rabbits and aquatic animals.Due to poor palatability and bad absorbing ability,the development and application of alfalfa was greatly restricted.However,alfalfa pellet feed can promote flavor and improve palatability,meanwhile reduce the waste of alfalfaresources.Previous research suggests that as particle size of animal feed decreases,the contact between nutrients and digestive enzymes possibly increases,and the digestibility of nutrients can be improved simultaneously. Therefore,technical adjustment on particle size,color,flavor and palatability of the alfalfa feed is of great importance inraising livestock and poultry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of alfalfa meal with different particle sizes on production performance,meat quality and blood biochemical index of Yangzhou goose,and provide theoretical reference of optimal particle size for production of alfalfa meal.In this study,180 healthy 28-day-old Yangzhou geese(half male and halffemale)with similar initial body mass were selected as test materials.They were divided into three groups randomly(experimentalgroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ),and each group had five replications with 12 geese per each replication.The three groups were fed with alfalfa meal with particle sizes of 272.0, 301.2 and 391.3 μm,respectively,and the whole experiment lasted for 42 days.Results indicated that there were no significant difference in final mass after 49 days(P>0.05);the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in the experimental groupⅡwere signi ficantly higher than that of the experimental groupⅠ(P<0.05).After 70 days,the average daily gain in the groupⅠwas significantly higher than the groupⅢ(P<0.05);the carcass mass,breast muscle mass and breast muscle ratio in the groupⅡincreased significantly compared with the groupⅢ;the masses of tibia and bursa of Fabricius and pH of leg muscle in the groupⅠwere significantly higher than the groupⅡ(P<0.05);the masses of heart,liver and spleen in the groupⅠwere significantly higher than the groupⅢ(P<0.05);the shear forces of breast muscle in the groupsⅠandⅡwere significantly higher than the groupⅢ(P<0.05);the water-holding capacity of leg muscle in the groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than the groupⅠ(P<0.05);the total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the groupⅠwere significantly low compared with the groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).In conclusion,the optimal particle size for alfalfa feed should be 272.0μm.The pellet diet can effectively increase the production performance of Yangzhou goose,and promote the development of organs as well as theblood biochemical indexes.紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是我国最重要的豆科苜蓿属多年生栽培牧草,在西北和华北等地区广泛种植,因其具有较高的营养价值且草质优良,被称为“牧草之王”。
饲料营养与饲草672022.11·0 引言近年,随着我国畜禽产业的发展,养殖技术研究的不断深入,在动物饲养的过程中,相关专家开始提出科学的饲养方法。
紫花苜蓿草粉是由紫花苜蓿草研磨而成的具有良好营养价值的草粉类饲料,是现代动物饲养中应用的一种常见营养物质。
合理配比使用紫花苜蓿草饲料能够对动物生产和经济价值发挥有效作用。
1 紫花苜蓿草粉介绍1.1 简要介绍紫花苜蓿为豆科牧草,因营养高、适口性好而被用作高蛋白饲料,也因改良土壤、保持水土等作用被广泛种植[1]。
紫花苜蓿的耐寒性较强,当地温稳定在0 ℃以上时即可播种,因此该草粉适合在我国各地区种植[2]。
从生产角度而言,紫花苜蓿草粉生产地主要分布于我国陕西省、山西省、新疆维吾尔自治区等地。
苜蓿草按一定的茎叶比例制成理化性状及适口性好的苜蓿草粉。
该草粉原料具有丰富的氨基酸、矿物质元素以及其他微量元素,被广泛应用于现代农业生产中。
随着现代化科学养殖技术的不断进步,我国畜牧业发展开始广泛应用紫花苜蓿草粉,并且该草粉应用已经规范化。
如《中华人民共和国农业行业标准》NT/T 140-89中已经明确规定紫花苜蓿草粉的使用比例标准分为3个等级,不同等级的营养比例不同,适用于不同的农业生产。
1.2 营养特性分析在国家农业标准中,紫花苜蓿草粉属于蛋白质饲料,其中粗蛋白及粗纤维是紫花苜蓿草粉中的主要营养元素。
标准紫花苜蓿草粉粗蛋白含量为25.6%±2.3%、粗纤维含量一般为14.3%±2.5%。
另外,据相关研究显示,风干后的草粉营养粗纤维含量高达41.3%±1.8%,粗蛋白质仅含10.4%±0.9%。
紫花苜蓿草粉符合饲料草料统一标准,中国饲料数据统计库特意对紫花苜蓿草粉进行实践调查,发现氨基酸中的赖氨酸含量高达0.74% ~ 0.79%。
微量元素中钙元素和磷元素含量分别达到3.5%和4.2%。
整个紫花苜蓿草中叶片和茎内的营养比例不同,以钙和磷元素为例,苜蓿叶中的钙、磷含量分别比茎中钙、磷含量约高出150%和50%。
不同添加水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响孙健【摘要】为探讨饲料中添加不同水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪120头,随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10头.1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.0%、4.0%、8.0%紫花苜蓿草粉,预试验10 d,试验期60 d.试验期间测定育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率.结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组猪只的平均日采食量均高于1组(P>0.05),试验2、3组平均日增重较1组分别提高9.84%、12.05%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低4.33%、6.50%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、粗灰分表观消化率均高于1组(P>0.05),试验2、3组总能较1组分别提高5.46%、5.85%(P<0.05),试验2、3组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率较1组分别提高7.24%、9.11%、6.50%、7.20%(P<0.05).综上,紫花苜蓿草粉可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率,并以4.0%添加较为适宜.【期刊名称】《中国饲料》【年(卷),期】2019(000)013【总页数】3页(P75-77)【关键词】紫花苜蓿草粉;育肥猪;生长性能;表观消化率【作者】孙健【作者单位】东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S816.5随着畜牧业的发展,我国家畜家禽养殖的数量越来越多,已经形成规模化,集约化的养殖模式。
因此,我国对饲料的需求量越来越大,但是,我国粮食产量增长幅度相对较低,饲料资源短缺问题成为影响我国畜牧业发展的主要因素之一(黄勇等,2017)。
因此,开发利用紫花苜蓿、秸秆等非常规饲料资源成为缓解饲料资源短缺的有效措施。
有研究表明,紫花苜蓿可以提高动物的生长性能、生产性能及抗病能力,被广泛应用于畜禽养殖业中(王明进等,2015;许娅虹等,2014)。
2021年第1期中国饲料—69—。
01:10.15906力.5心.511—2975人.20210115紫花苜蓿提取物对长毛兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及毛皮质量的影响缴丽莉,朱迎新**通讯作者(石家庄市动物园,河北石家庄050020)「摘要]为研究在饲料中添加不同比例的紫花苜蓿提取物对长毛兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及毛皮质量的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近的安哥拉兔60只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、2.0%、3.0%紫花苜蓿提取物,预试验7d,i式验期35d遥结果显示:⑴试验3,4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高20.0%、18.6%(P<0.05),料重比较1组比分别降低9.4%,8.2%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);⑵试验2、3、4组干物质、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均高于1组(P>0.05),试验3,4组粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率较1组比分别提高9.5%、8.2%、11.8%、9」%(P<0.05);(3)试验2、3、4组的毛长、皮张厚度、皮张面积均高于1组(P>0.05),试验3,4组毛皮密度较1组比分别提高8.0%、6.8%(P< 0.05)。
综上,2.0%紫花苜蓿提取物添加可以提高长毛兔的生长性能、养分表观消化率及毛皮质量。
「关键词]紫花苜蓿提取物;长毛兔;生长性能;表观消化率;毛皮质量「中图分类号]S816.7「文献标识码]A「文章编号]1004-3314(2021)01-0069-03苜蓿属于豆科的草本植物,是主要观赏及饲料用植物,主要包括紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿和南苜蓿3个品种(李晓,2018;于波,2016)o紫花苜蓿在我国大部分地区均有种植,是我国种植的主要牧草之一,其富含多种蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素等(李晓,2018;侯玉洁,2016)。
日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿草粉对肉兔增重效果的观察
吴跃华;张雄;吴旭娟;刘小昌
【期刊名称】《中国畜牧兽医》
【年(卷),期】2008(35)6
【摘要】紫花苜蓿属优良的多年生豆科牧草,具有适应性强、产量高、品质优、适口性好等优点,含有丰富的蛋白质、矿物质、维生素及动物所需的必需氨基酸和微量元素,素有“牧草之王”的美称。
近年来文成县立足山区资源优势,大力发展肉兔生产作为农民增收的支点,通过技术培训、典型示范、良种引进、牧草推广、科学饲养,肉兔生产从家庭零星养殖向规模化、技术型发展。
为降低肉兔养殖饲料成本,
【总页数】2页(P132-133)
【作者】吴跃华;张雄;吴旭娟;刘小昌
【作者单位】浙江省文成县畜牧兽医局,文成,325300;浙江省文成县畜牧兽医局,文成,325300;浙江省文成县种羊场,文成,325307;浙江省文成县畜牧兽医局,文
成,325300
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S829.1
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常喂苜蓿草可提高畜禽效益
苜蓿草的蛋白质、矿物质等营养成分含量高,而且维生素种类比较齐全。
有资料表明,每公斤优质苜蓿草粉中含有可消化粗蛋白质230克,钙13克,磷2克,胡萝卜素248毫克,维生素E173.6毫克,其营养价值与1公斤麦麸相当。
生产上,苜蓿草既可以作为某些畜禽的当家饲料,又可以作为复合维生素应用。
据研究,常规制作的全株苜蓿干草,在奶牛日粮中用到50%以上的比例,能够维持其正常的产奶和繁殖性能;在家兔日粮中以单独的苜蓿草饲喂,即使在无精料的情况下,也能保持其健康生长、发育和繁殖;经过特殊工艺加工的苜蓿干草,可以作为鸡、猪等单胃动物的蛋白质、维生素补充料使用,不仅节约饲料成本,而且能提高生产和繁殖性能;在鸡、鸭日粮中,添加7.5%~10%的优质苜蓿草粉,可提高蛋黄色级。
综合各地经验,用苜蓿草饲喂畜禽,在鸡日粮中添加2%~5%,在猪日粮中添加10%~15%,在育肥牛日粮中添加25%~45%或更多,在奶牛日粮中添加50%左右,在肉兔日粮中添加30%为宜,在羊日粮中则可添加50%以上。