中考英语第二轮复习教案
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初三英语二轮复习学案:阅读回答问题【解题指导】对于此类题目,我们应该:1.浏览全文,捕捉信息。
通过浏览全文,掌握其大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图。
2.细读问题,分析信息。
浏览全文后,已对文章或段落大意有所了解,再读考题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理,这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。
3.复读全文,抓住细节。
带着问题去复读,可缩小复读范围,更便于捕捉关键的信息。
复读时可边读边用铅笔做标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即5w:who,what,where,when,why)画出来。
经过这样的处理,文章的内容和细节便更清楚了。
另外,在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句和结尾句。
因为在首句和首段,作者往往要说明事件的起因,阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的关系。
结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。
4.回答问题,言简意赅。
回答问题时,最好不要照抄原文,要自己概括总结,须简单明了。
5.再读全文,核对答题。
这是最后一步,也是重要的一步,不能忽视。
这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题,把在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍之后,再读一遍短文检查答案,看前后是否一致,意义和语言知识是否和原文相符,是否符合逻辑等。
发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误,要立即改正。
温馨提示:1.先看懂问题,明白问题的关键所在。
’2.带着问题看文章,找到问题所在的段落或重要的句子。
3.把问题和找到的段落和句子有机地整合在一起,这就是表达的过程。
4.避免照抄整个的原句,要简答。
5.注意人称、时态和语态的变化。
【典型例题精讲】【例】1. 阅读下面短文,简要回答所给问题。
Greg Woodburn, a university student, spends a lot of time cleaning sports shoes. Some of them once belonged to him; some belonged to his friends. But soon the shoes will have new owners-poor children in the USA and 20 0ther countries, thanks to Greg’s Share Our Soles(鞋底) (S.O.S) charity.Greg was a high school running star in a small town in California. He had to stop running for months because his knee was injured. 'I started thinking about all the things I got from running-the health, the friendships, and the confidence. " he says. "And I realized t here're children who don’t even have shoes. "Greg collected his own sports shoes and then called his friends and the town . His aim was to have 100 pairs by Christmas 2014. When the number climbed to more than 500 pairs, Greg knew that he could collect sports shoes all year round.Now, he has set up collection boxes in his town. So far, S.O.S.has collected and donated more than 3 000 pairs of shoes. And Greg has cleaned almost all of them "People think of it as dirty work," he says, “but I like doing it, b ecause I feel happy when I'm doing it. It's not work I want to pass on to someone else. "In just three years, Greg has started three branches(分部) of S.O.S , and there are more and more sports shoes.For many poor children who have received, the shoes mean opportunity. Two young boys in southern California used to go to school on alternate days(隔日) because they both shared a pair of shoes. They were too big for one boy and too small for the other. Thanks to S.O.S, each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boys now go to school every day. When they graduate, they say, they will help others, just as Greg helped them1. Who will Greg donate these sports shoes to?2. From running, Greg got health, friendships and confidence, and what did he realize?3. How many pairs of shoes has S O. S. collected and donated so far?4. Why does Greg like to clean the donated shoes?5. What did the two boys in southern California learn from Greg?【解题指导】书面回答问题在设置问题时通常针对文中的5W和How—即who, when, where, what, why,和how(how long, how far, how fast…).基本属于细节题,能在原文中找到。
一.词类个性化设计名词【教学重点】1.可数名词和不可数名词的用法;2.名词所有格的构成及用法;3.近义名词的辨析。
【教学难点】1.可数名词的单数和复数2.不可数名词“量〞的表示方法【教学过程】一、名词的数1.单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s〞构成,其主要变法如下:〔1〕一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
〔2〕以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
〔3〕以ce, se, ze,〔d〕ge结尾的名词加s,例如:orange—oranges。
〔4〕以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y〞为“i〞再加-es,例如:city→cities,factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。
〔5〕以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。
〔6〕以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves。
复数词尾s〔或es〕的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s〔或es〕的读音方法情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s] cups, hats, cakes在[s][z][t][][F]等音后[iz] glasses, pages, oranges, buses,watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z] b eds, dogs, cities, knives〔7〕少数名词有不规那么的复数形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
一、教学目标1. 复习并巩固英语语法知识,提高学生的语法运用能力。
2. 培养学生阅读理解能力,提高阅读速度和准确性。
3. 增强学生的口语表达能力,提高交际能力。
二、教学内容1. 语法:复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时等时态,以及形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
2. 阅读理解:提高学生对不同文体(如记叙文、说明文、议论文等)的阅读理解能力,培养学生的推理判断、归纳总结等能力。
3. 口语表达:练习日常生活中的情景对话,提高学生的口语交际能力。
三、教学过程1. 导入新课通过提问或游戏等形式,激发学生的学习兴趣,引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点。
2. 语法复习(1)教师讲解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在进行时的构成及用法。
(2)学生通过练习题巩固所学语法知识,教师进行个别辅导。
(3)讲解形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法,并进行相关练习。
3. 阅读理解(1)教师选取一篇适合学生水平的阅读材料,介绍文章大意和结构。
(2)学生阅读文章,回答问题,教师点评。
(3)教师引导学生分析文章中的推理判断、归纳总结等能力。
4. 口语表达(1)教师设置情景,如购物、问路等,让学生进行角色扮演。
(2)学生分组练习,教师巡回指导,纠正发音和语法错误。
(3)学生展示练习成果,教师点评并给予鼓励。
5. 课堂小结教师对本节课所学内容进行总结,强调重点难点,布置课后作业。
四、课后作业1. 完成课后练习题,巩固所学语法知识。
2. 阅读一篇英文短文,提高阅读理解能力。
3. 模拟日常生活中的情景对话,锻炼口语表达能力。
五、教学评价1. 课堂表现:观察学生在课堂上的参与度、合作精神、口语表达能力等。
2. 作业完成情况:检查学生课后作业的完成情况,了解学生的学习效果。
3. 定期进行语法、阅读理解和口语表达的测试,全面评估学生的学习成果。
词汇这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。
一、名词关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格。
单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a1.复数的构成方法:(1)一般在复数名词后加s,如:dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如:watch--watches。
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如:country--countries。
请区别:如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s。
如:monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o结尾的名词,只有potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。
(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如:knife--knives。
2.单复数形式相同的词:sheep--sheep,fish--fish Chinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese3.特殊变化的单词有:(1)tooth--teeth,foot--feeth(2)man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen请区别:German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children4.常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。
如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。
这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。
如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理) No news is good news.6.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。
How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)不可数名词:1.常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。
如:Some bread__________over there.(be)3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。
如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread 仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。
即:twopiecesof bread请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示,如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples例:1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)2、Could I have three ___________,please?A.piece of breadB.piece of breadsC.pieces of breadD.pieces of breads 名词的格名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“ 's”。
如:Tom→Tom's译为“…的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ '”即可。
如:Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加's 。
如:Children's Day关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点:1.可用名词所有格表示地点。
如:my aunt's 我姑姑家。
go to the doctor's 去医生家。
2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's 如:Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组:a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的,也是简单的部分,所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法,归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点: 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an hour,an English car. 请区别:a useful machine3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun,the moon,the earth5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。
如:the first,the best ,in the south6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数。
如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如:in the box ,behind the chair8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面:(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。
如:in summer,in August请区别:in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。
如:have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别:in front of 在…前面in the hospital 在医院里in the front of 在…范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院练习:There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.A.an,anB.a, aC.an, theD.a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。
对数词的考查,中考常采用单选题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。
1.基数词变序数词。
其规律为:1,2,3特殊记,加th从4起(first,second,third,fourth)8少t,9去e,千万别忘记(eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12,ve变f (fifth,twelfth)20到90,y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几,前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。
如:five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。
hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。
练习:①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundred ofD.hundreds of②The _________lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点+分钟) 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+to/past+钟点) 如:4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five练习题:1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.3.You don't look well.You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.4.Would you give me________,please?A.two papersB.two piece of paperC.two pieces of paperD.two pieces of papers5.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.A.monkeys,sheepsB.monkeys,sheepC.monkies,sheepD.monkies,sheeps6.A lot of____are talking with two_______.A.Germans,FrenchmansB.Germen,FrenchmansC.German, FrenchmenD.Germans,Frenchmen7.June 1 is __. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day D.Childrens' Day8.__________people went out to see what had happened.A.Thousands ofB.Three thousand ofC.Thousand ofD.Three thousands9.We have been in the school for______.A.three and a half monthB.three and a half monthsC.three month and a halfD.three months and half10.__________English is___________ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, anD. A, /11.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.A.an,aB.a,theC.the,aD.an,the12.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a13.There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind _________ hospital.A.an,an B.a,aC.an,theD.a,the四.代词①人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数we 、you 、they宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数us 、you 、them⑵物主代词: 形容词性my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their名词性mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs③反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。