Tess of the d'Urbervilles

Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all Thomas Hardy’s works. The novel tells a tragic life about a beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. This thesis analyzes the personal character and society tragedy open out at that time. The author, Hardy, revealed a common girl, Tess, fought with the society helplessly. Finally, Tess’s tragic life can not be separated from her own weakness in character Keywords :Tess; Tragic Life; personal character；Victim of Society摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部著作。

该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。

论文分析了造成苔丝悲剧的原因，个人的性格和社会的因素。

苔丝的悲剧生活于其自身的弱点是分不开的。

作者哈代揭示了一个普通女孩，苔丝无助地与当时社会抗争，最终苔丝成为社会的牺牲品。

关键词：苔丝；悲惨的命运；性格因素；社会的牺牲品Introduction (3)I Historic al Background (5)1.1: A brief introduction to Hardy (5)1.2: Work Background (6)II Deep consideration about tragic fate (6)III Society tragedy (7)3.1 Family tragedy (7)3.2 Society tragedy (8)3.3Worldly prejudice (8)IV:Her own personality Conclusion (9)Bibliography (9)IntroductionTess was born in a poor family. One day, her father was told that he was the lineal descendants of ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. He and his vain and vulgar wife decided to sent Tess to a rich family also called D’Urbervilles’s descendant. In order to increase their society status, Tess went to the rich family, after that being raped and pregnant. The child was born, then died soon. Several years later, she left home to a milk factory to work. There did she meet her true love Angel Clare. They fell in love and engaged. She greatly admired Angel Clare and loved him. But Angel did not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night. On the wedding night, Tess told all about it to his husband, but she did not get his understanding. After that Angel abandoned her then he went to Brazil to develop his business alone. When Tess and Alec met again, because of the hard life, she lived with Alec again. Several years later, Angel returned from abroad. He was very sorry for what he did. And he told Tess his thought. For Tess loved him so addicted, she wanted to back to Angel. So Tess murdered Alec.After she spent a few days of happiness with Angel, Tess was arrested and then died. Thomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages, an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. Victorian literature in general truthfully represents the reality and spirit of this age long—realistic, thickly plotted, and crowded with characters. Hardy’s expression of the truth of this age which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being also had a high placein Western literature. The tragic idea in H ardy’s novels spring and develop in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragic path of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement. When he was young, he derived a love of music from his father and a devotion to literature from his mother. He grew up in the Dorset shire, of which the environment there became the main backdrop of his writings. Thomas Hardy was afamous critical realistic wreter at the turn of the 19th century in England, His writings often reflected the change after capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s. In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this period could not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clas hed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village. Tess of the D’Urbervilles was published in the year of 1891, which was one of his most famous novels. This novel explosed women’s tra gic life in that time.The thesis discribs two reasons, one is Tess’s personality character, another one is society reasonsI Historical Background1.1: A brief introduction to HardyTess is the heroine of Tomas Hardy’s representative work—Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy was a British post-realism, the most distinguished novelists and poet. Hardy is the most representative he claims to be "the character and environment of the novel" of a group of works in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.In many ways, he belonged more to the 20th century than to the 19th century.He was known as a Victorian Poet .He used his writings to elaborate his own pessimistic view of life.His poetry marks the transition from the Victorian Age to the modernist movement of the 20th century.He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian Age. He described the tragic plots vividly and truthfully in his works. He was considered as ―Shakespeare of British novels‖. Hardy's langu age has the simplicity of a countryman’s speech coupled with the sophisticated vocabulary of an educated man.Symbolism is an important feature of Hardy’s words, so that many objects, natural phenomena and characters in the novels are given symbolic meaning s.Unlike some other authors, most of Hardy’s novels are tragic.His novels are so well-knit that they calls us for deep thought about the true life in Victorian age.1.2: Work BackgroundTess is the most representative work of Hardy as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.This story happened in the late of ―Britain's Victorian era‖. At thattime, Capitalist class controlled the society, and all laws served for them. Farmers were at the bottom of the society, they had no equal right as the capitalist class. In addition, men were the center of the society and women has no right at all at that time. The story is about the tragic life of Tess Durbeyfield, the daughter of a poor family. She is sent to work as a maid for d’Urbervilles, because she has to support her poor family. Tess is seduced by Alec, the son of the family which she serves for, and then gives birth to a child. However, the child dies in infancy, which makes her very depressed. After that, she goes to work on a dairy farm, and then she is engaged to Angel Clare, the son of a clergyman. On their wedding night, they tell each other about their past hoping to be forgiven by each other. However, Clare leaves her after that because he can’t accept the truth. Then Tess becomes a labor again. She is insulted and ill-treated by her master. What’s worse, her father’s death and the bad condition of her family drive her to seek help from Alec who is a preacher now, and she can do nothing but to abbey him. Angel Clare comes back and wants to be reco nciled to Tess, but the fact that Tess’ living with Alec hinders her from coming back to Clare. At last, Tess kills Alec in despair and she is soon arrested, tried and hanged.Origins of Tess’ tragic destiny are mainly composed of three aspects—tragic fate,society tragedy and her own personalityII Deep consideration about tragic fateThis related with author's own personality and view. He believe there exist a super nature force.Hardy was pessimistic about life. The main theme of his novels is thefutilit y of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, and circumstances, which are all predestined by the immanent will.Tess did not want to be seduced by man and she had no power to defender herself. So she lost her innocence and th at’s all! Angel also did the wrong thing and it was even more serious than Tess’ crime, but he was not blamed. Why it is always the woman who pays? Why they are always hurt? Why was Tess’ girlish purity lost? Why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? Why does the bad often ruin the good? Why is beauty damaged by ugliness? Women are too weak! Thousands of years of history have shown us that women have always been treated unfairly!III Society tragedy3.1 Family tragedyTess’ family is another important reason for her tragedy. On one hand, her family is very poor. Her father is a lazy vendor and her mother is a vulgar wash worker. She has young brothers and sisters who need care. So she has no choice but to try her best to make money to support her family. On the other hand, her parents want to live a better life and show off the so-called ―aristocrat‖ status, especially her mother. They are eager to send Tess to the D’Urbervilles family to work and marry the wealthy gentleman. It was if only a kinsman, an aristocrat, could approach her. To some extent, it is Tess’ parents who make the chance for Alec. In other words, Tess is a tool used to get money and reputation for her parents. Tess would not enter d’Urbervilles family if her family is better off; Tess would not be insulted by Alec if her family does not give her any pressure. What’sworse, her family never teaches her anything that a girl needs to know.Therefore, ―it is this homeless despair of a family which has lost its rights and independence in the village community that gives Tess finally into the invader’s power‖3.2 Society tragedyThe background times of the novel is late nineteenth century, when the British invaded the capitalist mode of production in agriculture in remote areas, it brought agricultural workers misfortune and bad luck. In this period the British Empire is going through a few bad turns, it was maintained in the world of industrial monopoly position in the gradual loss of the capitalist world because the outbreak of severe economic crisis in the seventies . After two decades, British was almost constantly in a crisis and depression. In rural areas, from 70 to 90 a corresponding outbreak of a serious crisis happened. Works in the background is a true reflection of the rural girl Tess short and tragic life.3.3 Worldly prejudiceTess is the unfortunate victim of secular morality prejudice. Tess was seduced by Alec .But she did not get married. She suffered from the gossips and blamed herself. She gained a bad reputation and nobody dared to go near her. On the wedding day, she told her unpleasant experience to Angel, hoping that she would be forgiven as she forgave him. Angel refused to forgive her, although he was also a play-boy.What a shame! The worldly prejudice sacrificed Tess’ pure love and deprived her wrights of pursuing happiness!IV:Her own personalityHer tragdy can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic.ConclusionTess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the society in his time. Hardy’s works are known as ―novels of character and environment.‖ The origins of Tess’ tragic fate are various.Tess became a victim of the modern society. It raise us so many thoughts and it is great wealth to us .It reward us reading thousand times to experience tess's life.Bibliography［1］, Thomas Hardy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press,2004.［2］，Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess［J］. Journal of Daqing Teachers’ College, 2005.［3］，Chenxia.. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in ―Tess of the D’Urbervilles‖ ［J］. Journal of Renmin University of China (social societies), 1998.［4］，陈焘宇编选：《哈代创作论集》，北京，中国社会科学出版社，1982。

tess of the d'urbervilles写作风格
《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的一部小说，其写作风格具有以下特点：
1. 现实主义：哈代在这部小说中描绘了当时英国乡村的生活和社会现实，展现了人物的生活环境、社会地位和命运。

他通过对人物的刻画，反映了当时社会的道德观念、宗教信仰和阶级矛盾。

2. 自然主义：哈代在小说中大量运用自然景观和季节变化来表现人物的内心情感和命运。

他将自然视为一个有生命力的存在，与人物的命运紧密相连。

这种自然主义的表现手法使得小说具有一种诗意的美感。

3. 心理描写：哈代在小说中对人物的心理活动进行了细腻的描绘，展现了人物内心的挣扎、痛苦和无奈。

他对人物的心理描写既真实又深刻，使得人物形象更加立体和丰满。

4. 优美的叙述语言：哈代在小说中运用了优美、简练的语言，使得小说具有很高的文学价值。

他的叙述语言既有英国古典文学的传统，又有现代文学的创新，使得小说在艺术上达到了很高的境界。

关于德伯家的苔丝心得优秀德伯家的苔丝（Tess of the d'Urbervilles）是英国作家托马斯·哈代于1891年创作的小说。

这个故事以其深刻的社会批判、对性别不平等和社会约束的揭示以及对苔丝这个角色的塑造而闻名于世。

德伯家的苔丝这个角色也成为了哈代作品中最具吸引力的女性形象之一，她的命运与她所处的社会环境之间的冲突使人们深思。

苔丝·德伯是一个普通的农家女孩，出生在传统的英国农村家庭中。

她是一个美丽、聪明和勤奋的女孩，但她的命运被家族的历史和社会的束缚所束缚。

她的家族是德伯家族的后裔，曾经是一个贵族家族，但现在已经没落，成为了农民。

然而，这个家族的历史在苔丝的生活中扮演了重要的角色，她被认为是家族的骄傲和希望。

然而，苔丝的命运却被家族的过去和社会的偏见所改变。

她被视为不洁的女性，因为她在一个村庄舞会上与一个富有的绅士亚历克斯·德伯有了婚外情，这个绅士由于与她发生性关系而对她的家庭产生了负面影响。

尽管苔丝的行为并没有伤害任何人，但社会对她的品格和道德进行了谴责，将她视为不洁的女性。

在整个故事中，哈代揭示了男女之间的性别不平等和社会对女性的约束。

苔丝是社会中的一个弱势群体，她无力对抗社会的压力，只能受到社会的压迫和对待。

她被迫以不公平和不公正的方式生活，她的美丽和智慧被社会所忽视和忽略。

她的悲剧与她所处的社会环境有着密切的关系，揭示了社会对女性的不公正和不平等对她生活的影响。

尽管面临着社会的压力和不公正的对待，苔丝仍然展示出了坚强和勇敢的一面。

她对自己的理想和价值观保持着坚定的信念，不愿意屈服于社会的压力和约束。

她努力追求自己的梦想，不断努力进步和提高自己的地位。

她通过对自己的行为和选择负责，不让社会的偏见和压力影响自己的判断和决策。

苔丝的命运最终被不公正的社会对待所改变，她最终成为了一个堕落的女性。

然而，尽管她失去了自己的美德和尊严，她的内心依然保持着坚定的信念和价值观。

tess of the d'urbervilles写作风格-回复“tess of the d'urbervilles”是英国作家托马斯·哈代的一部著名小说，这部小说以其独特的写作风格而闻名于世。

下面将一步一步回答关于“tess of the d'urbervilles”写作风格的问题。

问题1：哈代在“tess of the d'urbervilles”中采用了哪种写作风格？回答：哈代在“tess of the d'urbervilles”中采用了现实主义的写作风格。

现实主义是19世纪末20世纪初流行的文学运动，旨在以客观、真实的方式描绘社会现实和人物形象。

哈代以真实感的描写展示了来自农村的女主角蒂丝·德伯尔身上的社会不公与苦难，以及她周围人物的性格和态度。

哈代通过刻画现实生活中的琐事和细节，呈现出了强烈的真实感，使读者能够更好地理解和共鸣。

问题2：哈代在“tess of the d'urbervilles”中的描写风格如何？回答：哈代的描写风格以浪漫主义色彩为主，他精心细腻地描绘了角色的外貌、心理和环境。

他用富有感情色彩的语言，揭示了角色内心的痛苦、渴望和希望。

同时，哈代通过对细节的丰富描写和夸张手法来给读者留下深刻印象。

他常常使用自然景观来烘托情绪，例如，在小说中，他用描绘美丽的农田和鲜花来表现蒂丝的天真和纯真。

问题3：哈代在“tess of the d'urbervilles”中如何利用叙述者的身份创造有力的叙述效果？回答：哈代在“tess of the d'urbervilles”中采用了第三人称叙事的方式，并通过叙述者的身份创造了强烈的叙述效果。

叙述者对事件的观点和态度通常以客观中立的方式呈现，但有时也会流露出对角色命运的同情或辛酸。

这种叙述方式使读者能够更好地了解角色的内心世界，并且能够更全面地理解故事中复杂的情节和社会背景。