下载文档原格式
论《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲惨命运的根源一、本文概述《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代笔下的一部深刻描绘社会悲剧与个体命运纠缠的杰作。
作品以女主角苔丝为中心，细腻展现了她在维多利亚时代英国社会大背景下所经历的种种磨难与不幸。
本文旨在探讨苔丝悲惨命运的根源，通过对小说文本的细致解读，结合社会历史背景，深入剖析导致苔丝悲剧命运的多重因素。
文章将从家庭背景、社会环境、个人性格以及道德观念等多个维度展开论述，以期对苔丝的命运有更全面、深入的理解。
通过对苔丝悲剧命运的探讨，本文旨在引发对个体命运与社会环境之间复杂关系的思考，以及对维多利亚时代社会道德观念的反思。
二、苔丝的家庭背景与成长环境在《德伯家的苔丝》这部小说中，苔丝的命运之源可以追溯至她的家庭背景与成长环境。
苔丝出生于一个贫穷的小贩家庭，这样的家庭环境使她在物质和精神层面都面临着巨大的压力。
她的父母，尽管深爱着女儿，但却无力为她提供一个更为优越的生活环境。
在生活的压力下，他们只能寄希望于苔丝能够借助婚姻改变家庭的困境，这无形中为苔丝的未来铺设了一条布满荆棘的道路。
在这样的家庭背景下，苔丝的成长环境也充满了挑战。
她不仅要面对生活的艰辛，还要应对社会对贫困家庭的偏见和歧视。
她的纯真和善良在这样的环境中显得格格不入，这也为她日后遭遇的种种不幸埋下了伏笔。
在苔丝的成长过程中，她缺乏足够的关爱和引导，这使得她在面对人生的重大抉择时，常常显得无所适从。
在这样的家庭与成长环境下，苔丝的命运似乎早已注定。
她的纯真和善良成为了她最大的软肋，使她在面对世俗的丑恶时，无力抵抗。
而她的家庭背景则成为了她无法摆脱的枷锁，使她在追求幸福的道路上步履维艰。
因此，可以说苔丝的家庭背景与成长环境是她悲惨命运的根源之一。
然而，尽管苔丝的命运充满了悲剧色彩，但她的坚韧和勇敢却让人深感敬佩。
她在面对生活的种种不幸时，从未放弃过对美好未来的向往和追求。
她的故事让我们深刻认识到，家庭背景与成长环境虽然对个体的命运有着深远的影响，但个体的坚韧和勇气同样能够创造出属于自己的未来。
论《德伯家的苔丝》中的悲剧性及其形成悲剧命运的根源内容摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学巨匠托马斯·哈代的代表作。
女主人公苔丝的悲剧和不幸是由多种原因造成的。
本文以个性、家庭、社会及宗教的角度为出发点，分析导致苔丝悲剧命运的根源。
关键词：个人性格悲剧，伦理道德悲剧，社会家庭悲剧一．引言托马斯•哈代是19世纪现实主义小说家，对资本主义文明的发展采取了坚决批判的立场，因此获得了“悲观主义者”的绰号。
作为一位人道主义作家，他认为人民的生活是悲惨的，民间人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公的命运是人类命运的缩影。
《德伯家的苔丝》作为哈代悲剧小说中的典范，奠定了哈代悲剧作家的地位，为哈代赢得了杰出小说家的声誉。
作品中的悲剧性主要有性格悲剧、伦理道德悲剧和社会家庭悲剧三个方面，三者融为一体，呈现出强大的立体感和层次感。
作者通过讲述美丽，纯洁，善良的女孩——苔丝悲惨的一生，从而表达了对英国下层阶级，特别是农村妇女在道义上的深切同情。
善良的苔丝本应该享受甜蜜的爱情和幸福的婚姻，可是事与愿违，她的人生之路充满了崎岖与坎坷。
《德伯家的苔丝》刻画了一个善良、坚强、自尊、宽容而美丽的女性形象——苔丝。
由于天真无知而受到富家浪子的侮辱，身心饱受摧残。
但“她并没有自暴自弃，怨天尤人，而是勇敢地面对挫折；为减轻家里的负担，应付虚荣的父母，她勇于承受重担，奔走于不同农场，养家糊口；对待爱情，她自尊又执着”。
她被“认为是唯一的一位逃脱了决定主义的人”，颠覆了传统的伦理道德。
哈代极力要摧毁的正是这种道德观念，让女性摆脱僵化的传统习俗的控制。
二．《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧性苔丝是大自然之女，具有大地般朴实的本性，本是一位纯洁美丽又非常勤劳的农村姑娘，向往人生的真和善，却遭到伪恶势力的打击。
她有着顽强的生命力，以独有的方式和命运抗争，但个人性格、伦理道德、社会家庭等多重因素终使这位纯真的女人走向了毁灭。
1.个人性格悲剧亚里士多德曾不无歧视地为女人下了这样的定义：“女人之为女人是因为她们的身体缺少某些性质，也因为这些天然的缺陷而遭受痛苦。
哈代《苔丝》悲剧命运解读应欧美文学经典老师的要求，我阅读了哈代的名作《苔丝》在为女主人公苔丝的悲惨命运叹息的同时，对于造成她悲剧命运的原因也有一些看法。
要想分析一步作品，不得不先分析它的作者。
哈代是英国著名的小说家，他的著名小说《苔丝》在经历了时间的洗礼后更加熠熠生辉。
在品读这部名著前先对作者哈代在创作风格和写作技巧上作一定的了解是非常必要的。
哈代的思想倾向决定了他小说创作的基本风格。
哈代从事小说创作的时间大约25年，即从1870年到1895年间。
这一时期正是他形成“进化向善论”思想的第一和第二阶段，其思想倾向基本上是悲观主义的，较少理想色彩，而其思想宗旨，就在于强调自然进化过程或者说“内在意志力”的不可抗拒，以及人与自然的对立。
这种思想倾向，表现在他的小说创作中便形成了以下几方面的风格特点：首先是，哈代小说中对自然景物的描写往往是整部小说的基础；其次，小说中的人物描写总是和景物描写有机相连的；最后，小说中的情节也大多和小说的自然背景切切相关。
哈代的技巧运用最突出的表现在人物塑造方面，哈代在人物塑造方面所用的一种重要手法称之为“三维呈现法”，这种手法主要用在塑造人物复杂的内心世界的立体图像。
所谓“三维”，就是指人物心理与自然景物的对应、人物心理的客观描写，以及人物心理的主观表述。
举例来说，《苔丝》这部小说中的女主人翁苔丝，就是用这种手法予以处理的，从而使其复杂的内心展露无遗。
哈代在小说《苔丝》中形象生动地刻画了苔丝、安玑、亚雷三个迥然不同的人物。
这三个迥然不同的人物给读者留下了深刻的印象。
首先刻画得最成功、最生动的人物是女主人翁苔丝。
苔丝是显赫的德伯家的后裔，然而这显赫的家族早已衰落了，美丽善良、纯洁聪明的苔丝只能过着和一般穷人姑娘所过的生活。
由于生活日益困难，她不得不去请求荒淫好色、道德败坏的亚雷的帮助，她曾经坚决抵抗过亚雷的引诱，但最后还是被亚雷这个恶棍奸污了。
因此她面对着巨大的社会舆论，儿子的死亡让她精神受到很大的打击但最终还是摆脱了亚雷。
---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英文论文浅析德伯家的苔丝的悲剧命运_英语论文Abstract Thomas Hardy，a British novelist and poetat the turn of the 19th century, was one of the representative writers of the English critical realism. His masterpiece Tess of the d’Urbervillesdepicts the heroine’s miserable life. Tess is described as a beautiful and kind-hearted pure womanwho has the quality of responsibility and self-sacrifice. But her life is totally a disaster. She was not only the victim of the Victorian time, but also the victim of her contemporaries. This paperanalyses her tragedy from theperspectives of the social factors and the human ones.The article can be pided into three parts.The first one is a brief introduction of the writing background, the author and the story. The second part analyses the social factors for Tess’s tragedy.The financial, moral and political1 / 8factors are included.Tess’s story happensin the specific period when the United Kingdom is experiencing a social transformation from the agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization. During this time, lots of farmers are forced into bankruptcy and Tess’s family is one of them.The capitalist political oppression upon Tess is mainly from the religion and the law, both of which playa very important role in bringing out Tess’s tragedy.The last partanalyses the human factors for Tess’s tragedy,including Tess’s own characters, Angel and Alec.Tess’s own character, on the one hand, refers to her purity, her kind-heartedness and her being responsible and altruist.Besides, there are also some weaknesses in her character. She is feeble, compromising, sticking to backward ethics and so on.All of these contribute to Tess’s tragedy. The despicable Alec and the sanctimonious Angel also play a very important role in Tess’s tragedy. All these factors lead to Tess’s tragedy.Finally, Tess becomes the sacrifice of that society.---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------Key words:Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Tess, tragedy, social factor, human factor摘要托马斯•哈代是英国19世纪到20世纪过渡时期的一位著名的小说家和诗人，也是英国批判现实主义的代表作家之一。
Analysis of Causes for T ess’s TragedyAbstract: Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the representative work of Thomas Hardy. The novel tells a beautiful, pure, kind girl Tess’s miserable life. Tess should have enjoyed sweet love and happiness of marriage, but her road of life is full of rough and bumpy. From Hardy's philosophy, Tess's tragedy result from super natural force, the fate. Indeed，destiny leads to Tess’s tragedy to some extent, but some other factors directly or indirectly give rise to Tess’s miserable lives.This article will describe the causes of Tess’s tragedy from historical materialism view. Her tragic life is caused by that society. Except for this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise.Key words: Tess; fate; causes; tragedy苔丝悲剧原因的分析摘要：徳伯家的苔丝是托马斯•哈代的代表作。
文学评论·外国文学探析《德伯家的苔丝》中决定论在苔丝悲剧命运上的体现杨春泽 辽宁师范大学外国语学院摘 要：《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯•哈代（1840-1928）小说中的代表作品。
其中女主人公德伯维尔•苔丝被认为是“托马斯•哈代最喜欢的女主角”，也被称为 是“最纯洁的女人”，但为何小说中苔丝的命运是悲剧性的呢？哈代赋予苔丝命运的悲剧性体现了他的决定论（Determinism）思想。
因此这篇论文将要从三个方面研究这部小说中决定论在苔丝悲剧命运上的体现。
第一部分：苔丝的悲剧是由家庭决定的；第二部分：苔丝悲剧是由个人决定的；第三部分：苔丝的悲剧是由社会决定的。
关键词：决定论；悲剧；《德伯家的苔丝》作者简介：杨春泽（1992.9-），女，蒙古族，研究生在读，辽宁师范大学外国语学院辽宁朝阳人，研究方向：英美文学。
[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2019)-23-092-02托马斯•哈代是英国19世纪末20初世纪著名的诗人及小说家。
他是一个生活在世纪之交的过渡时期作家。
托马斯•哈代出生英国的多塞特郡，后来这个地方在他的多个小说中成为了“威塞克斯”，也成为研究哈代小说的一个方向。
哈代在年轻时其实是一名著名的建筑师，但是后来当他的两部小说《绿荫下》（1871）和《计出无奈》（1871）等相继发表成功，他就成功转型为一名小说家。
1987年《远离尘嚣》出版之后，他在以后的二十年里一共发表了将近20部小说。
直到1985年，哈代以两部最负盛名的 小说结束了自己作为小说家的身份，这两部小说分别是《无名的裘德》（1985）和《德伯家的苔丝》（1891）。
由于这两部小说当时在评论界争议很大，从此以后哈代再一次将文艺创作投入到诗歌当中，写诗才是哈代一直的梦想。
哈代一共创作了诗8集，共918首，其中最为著名的是《列王》。
哈代的小说的写作有着自己的特色。
首先，就是他的写作兼具过去与现在。
苔丝英语论文（最终版）第一篇：苔丝英语论文（最终版）The Analysis of the Tragic Life of TessThe story happened in the late 19th century, the cruel capitalist exploitation has ruined the English countryside severely and Wessex is not immune from the destruction;the capitalism brings great harm to the agriculture life;all the self-supporting peasants are all live in a rather miserable life.Tess of the D‟Urbervilles is one of the Hardy‟s Wessex novels.The agricultural region of the southern countries England is the novel’s setting.The social conventions and the moral level Angel Clare, a man of liberal mind, is the son of a clergyman.In this novel, he is the direct opposite of Alec.He has broken with the traditions of his family to seek the ideal in a quiet rural life.He looks down upon the material distinction of rank and wealth.He wants to have own farm with Tess.In his eyes, Tess is lovely and pure.He treats Tess“equally”.all the above mentioned make T ess fall in love with him and is engaged to him.T o some extent he is different form other man, for his mind is opening.To our surprised after Tess tells him her past story, although he is a sinner for he had some affair with a bad woman, he refuses to forgive Tess just like Tess forgives him.We can find the weakness and flaws of his personality.In his eyes, the judge of purity still depends on the social conventions and the moral level.We can find that he is the slave of the custom and conventionality.He tells Tess that his lover is not Tess but another woman in her shape.He brings great harm to Tess and play an important role in the tragic life.Tess is seduced by Alec, so Tess is scandalized by the narrow-minded people.When her son who is regarded as a bastard is todie, his father refuses to asked preacher to give the baptism of the child, for her father feels ashamed with Tess and he is afraid of people‟s laughing and discussion.No one care about Tess and every one think she is guilty.Tess suffers a lot while the arch-criminal Alec has become the preacher.No one think he is guilty.The unequal treatment makes her life tragic.Self –sacrifice and responsibilityWithout doubt, Tess is rather obedient girl.when the death of the old horse destroy her family‟s business, Tess thinks it is her fault.Then Durbeyfield began to shovel in the earth and the children cried anew.Tess does not cry.Her face is dry and pale, as though she regarded herself in the light of a murderess.Tess thinks that she has dragged her parents into this quagmire, so she wonders what she could do help her family get out of trouble.She accepts her mother‟s advice and goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and later she is seduced by Alec.The second time, Tess…s father dies and her family have no food and have no p lace to live in.Tess is driven to accept Alec‟s advice and live with Alec to support her family.Tess, a member of the family, thinks that she has responsibility for her family, so she must try her best to change her family‟s situation.Every time it is at the cost of her happiness that her family can continue to live.When Tess tells Angel her past story, Angel refuses to forgive her and leave Tess alone.Tess does not show her anger to him, although she has enough reasons to do that.Angel is also a sinner, because he has affair with a bad woman.Tess can forgive her fault while he can not forgive Tess, which is unfair for Tess.Tess does not hate Angel and she just hope for his forgive.We can find that Tess just think of others.She never just thinks of herself.Her Self –sacrifice and responsibility impress the reader strongly.Braveness andInnocence It is hard for people to think that a young girl seduced by others does not marry the man, but Tess does;under the suffering of losing her baby, without hesitation, Tess goes to a farm as a milkmaid at Talbot hays;all show that she is brave.Because of her braveness she refuses to marry Alec and becomes a baby‟s mother who doesn‟t marry;because of braveness, when Angel came back, in order to shows her love andlive with Angel, T ess kills Alec and hides with Angel in a forest;even when she wakes up only to find the arrest, Tess deals with it calmly and she is not sad.What we can not deny is that braveness and innocence is the good quality that everyone shall have, however, the function of this good quality is the guide to the pure girl‟s tragedy.Because of her innocence, she does not accept her mother‟s advice, she tells her past story to Clare, and Angel does not understand her and refused to forgive her.Tess is abandoned by Angel.Then she begins anther tragedy.In fact, if she does not tell Angel her seduction by Alec, Angel has no choice to know about her past, if Angel does not learn about her past story, Angel does not think her is not pure and abandon her.Innocence and braveness is good personality, while Tess she pays her young and gold life for the cost.Braveness makes people think her is not pure;innocence makes her lose her husband.In this sentence, Tess asked Angel to marry her sister who is a simple and pure woman.From this we can find that the traditional morality and Fatalism is in the blood of Tess and T ess is affected by it deeply.It becomes one part of her body.so although Tess fights with all the unfair treatment, she comes to terms with the society and evil at last.ConclusionIn the novel Tess of the D‟Urbervilles, Tess is a poor countrygirl.In the beginning of the novel, the poor girl goes to work on Alec‟s farm, and then she is seduced by Alec.She is the victim in this case, but People all think she is guilt, even her husband, for people judge “purity” depend on the social conventions and the moral level.So at last, Tess is arrested and hangs, which means that Tess fails to fight with the sociality.The cruel capitalist exploitation is the reason why Tess is in poverty.Because of the struggle to live, Tess force to work under the capitalist exploitation.So in a word ,the bourgeois society is responsible for Tess‟s miseries and sufferings ,and Tess‟s personalities become her own weakness.第二篇：英语论文《苔丝悲剧成因》开题报告1.Research IntentionTess of the D’urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy(1840-1928), describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess.In this novel, we can see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, suffer setbacks again and again, till to be destroyed.We can not help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear.At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable.The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? This paper will try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of the heroine’s tragedy.2.Literary ReviewFrom the later nineteenth century until now,Thomas Hardy and his works have been the important topics of the criticism for a long time.After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from variousperspectives.For instance, Professor Webster begins with a discussion of Hardy’s intentions in writing Tess.According to his views, Tess of the D’urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy’s war against man’s inhumanity.Arnold Kettle takes a different point of view.For him the subject of Tess of the D’urbervilles is not the tragedy of a “pure woman”, but rather the destruction of the English peasantry.Mr.Kettle sees it as complete as a social novel.In China, Prof.Zhang and Wu have published their own books on Hardy’s novels and other works.There are3.Research ProcessThis paper comprises three parts dealing respectively with several main factors that lead to Tess’s final tragedy, including the background, the social environment, two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate and finally the weakness of the central character’s personalities.Besides, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysterious and incidental factors.The following is the outline of the paper.Part 1.Introduction This part is a brief introduction to the author and his masterpiece.1.1Thomas Hardy and his works1.2Tess of the D’urbervillesPart 2.Causes for the tragedy of TessThe cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In this paper, I try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of heroine’s tragedy.2.1 The impoverishment and decay of small farmersThis novel has for its setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.The writer truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers who become hiredfield hands and roam the country in search of seasonal job.These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.In this novel, we can see clearly that one of the real reasons that lead to her extermination is her impoverishment.2.2Alec and Clare In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly.There are two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate.She, a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer, so Alec---the vicious capitalist power of the Victorian Times and Clare---the representative of liberal bourgeoisie killed her cruelly and without mercy.It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly.2.3 The weakness of her characterApart from fierce Alec and hypocritical Clare, it is the weakness of her character that leads to her sad fate.Tess was able to fight against the unfairness of the society.She could face various difficulties in life bravely, yet she couldn’t extricate herself from traditional moral principles.She was aware that she was the victim of social violence and moral principles.On the other hand, though she dared to beat back the unjustness, she couldn’t break with traditional morality completely.2.4 Some mysterious and incidental factorsThe last but not the least, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysteriousand incidental factors.Examples of the fateful incidents abound in the novel.Part 3.ConclusionIt is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of hercharacter became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.4.ConclusionThrough studying the representative workTess of the D’urbervilles, we will be able to have a better appreciation of the great achievements of Thomas Hardy.It seemed that if there were no unexpected happenings, she might have a happy life;maybe she would finish her life peacefully.It appeared there were unexpected factors in her every important life stage, those factors lead to her tragedy.But in fact, just as we infer from our previous discussion, it is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.Bibliography［1］Chen Jia.Selected Readings in English Literature(Volume 2)［M］.The Commercial Press, 2004 ［2］Chenxia.Analysi s of the Tragic Mood in “T ess of the D’Urbervilles”［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China(social societies), 1998(2):100-102［3］Huangjing.On the causes of the tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of NorthwestMinorities University(social science), 2002,(3):95-98［4］Li Jian, Yuanjing.The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of DaqingTeachers’ College, 2005,(2):65-66［5］Liu Yafei.Doomed from the start ［6］ThomasHardy.Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation& Translation Press, 2004［7］Wang ments on the Tragedy of T essa ［J］.Journal of ChengdeVocational College, 2005(4)：26-27［8］Zhang Xiaodong.Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］.Journal of Chaohu College, 2004,(6):74-77第三篇：苔丝Comments on Tess of the D'UrbervillesTess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy.Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins.Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Durbeyfields.She has lived a poor but peaceful life.However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl.One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England.Tess’s parents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news.Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman.Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Urbervilles.There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her.Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles.Her tragic life has just begun.Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant.Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home.Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness.For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow.Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has toleave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire.They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel.After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged.Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child.She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust.T ess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay.In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again.He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continues to tempt Tess.He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent.At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man.However, the tragedy has not finished yet.Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality.And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate.After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him.Then she follows Angel and escape with him.They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested.She is hanged later.This wasn’t my first time to read “T ess of the D'Urbervilles” Actually, the first time I read the novel was in high school.At that moment, I thought that Tess was really a tragic figure in the book “Tess of the D’Urbervilles”.She was seduced by a so-called gentleman—Alec, and from then on her life totally changed from the loss of innocence.People looked down on her and respected her no more.Virtually, she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of men.She was just a girl when she first met that terrible man.Nonetheless, she was forced by the gossips and the church to blame herself for this accident, soshe thought she deserved nothing good.In order to get rid of the past, she decided to go to a distant dairy farm but was still saying to herself that she was wrong.Maybe God didn’t agree with that, because the Lord gave her someone she loved with her whole heart and life—Angel Chari.Unfortunately, it was still a sad ending.When I read the story again, I had different affections to the figures of this novel.Why, I meant why Tess fell so much in love with Angel and ended herself up in such misery? I could not tell any merits from Angel from the very beginning, even back to that May Dance on the lawn.Honestly, at the first glance, I concluded that he was an emotional unstable youngster who can barely bear any responsibility.He adopted dual moral standards, I bet Tess's life would be getting better, or even a happy ending with Alec or other normal but kind man without ever Getting the chance to meet Angel.And I was more than willing to adapt this sentence “I f we had danced that day, how happy we might have be” to “ If we have hadn't met on that day, how happy I might have be”.Poor Tess, you got the wrong way!Obviously, Angel was a devil, but this can still make no difference to Tess if she chose to keep that secret what she had already sworn to her mum, an incapable but intelligent mother who always cared for Tess.That's to say, Tess's purity should be blamed, at least partly, for her own tragedy, devil needs counterparts not a real angel to match with each other.In the meantime, Tess is a perfectionist, she can't stand any flaws lying between Angel and herself, yes, and her pursuit of perfect love without any reserve from that man she deeply loves predicts her destiny.Poor Tess, there is never ever perfect love like you imagined in the real world, why not let go of the past and move on? I can't help feeling badly sad for her, she shall know theprinciple of equity can't be translated into reality, particularly a world ruled by men back then, which is almost the case nowadays.Overall, I emphasize that T ess’s purity, perfectionism, principle of equity, and poignancy ended herself up in hanging.Anyway, it's just a fictive novel, but there must be something in common which is applicable even today.第四篇：苔丝遗忘，是来自自由的回忆——论苔丝总会有些过去会让人落一生泪水，总会有些故事暗示七千哀伤。
苔丝形象的分析与悲剧命运的解读苔丝（Tess）是英国作家托马斯·哈代的长篇小说《苔丝·达布维尔的命运》中的女主角，她的形象是该小说中的核心。
苔丝的命运揭示了一种无法逃避的悲剧，她的经历和性格展示了社会与命运的残酷真相。
通过对苔丝形象的深入分析，我们可以更好地理解和解读她的悲剧命运。
首先，苔丝是一个美丽而智慧的少女。
她从小生活在一个贫穷的农村家庭中，却有着非凡的美貌和聪明才智。
她的美貌与灵性使她成为时代的象征，吸引了许多男人的注意。
然而，正是这种美丽和智慧最终导致了苔丝的悲剧命运。
她的容貌成为了她的负累，社会对于外貌的偏见和对女性的歧视阻碍了她的发展和幸福。
其次，苔丝的个性特点也为她带来了悲剧。
她是一个善良纯洁，忠诚坚强的女性。
她对待感情真挚而执着，对待自己奋发向上，但却经常受到他人的伤害和背叛。
她的善良和纯洁让她成为了社会道德和观念的牺牲品，她所面对的是一个以男性为中心、价值观触碰的社会。
苔丝的悲剧命运还与她的家庭背景和社会环境有关。
她出生在一个卑贱的家庭，贫穷和社会地位使她缺乏基本的社会保障和资源。
她在成长过程中遭遇了许多困难和不公正待遇，这进一步削弱了她的信心和勇气。
最重要的是，苔丝的命运受到了性别歧视和社会规范的限制。
在当时的社会，女性的地位被严重压抑，他们缺乏独立和自由的权利。
这使得苔丝在情感和家庭选择上受到了强烈的束缚和控制。
她的痛苦和命运最终来自于对传统观念的局限，以及对女性价值的不公正评判。
通过对苔丝形象的深入分析，我们可以看到她的命运是社会的产物，她的遭遇是时代背景和社会制度的必然结果。
哈代通过苔丝的故事向读者展示了社会不公和性别歧视的严重性，揭示了个体与社会力量的悲剧冲突。
正是这种冲突和压迫最终导致了苔丝的悲剧命运。
通过这个悲剧命运的解读，我们可以更好地理解和思考自身所处的社会环境和命运。
苔丝的故事是一个警钟，提醒着我们对于社会不公和个体权利的关注。
我们应该努力争取平等和自由，不被社会压迫和规范束缚。
（全英文论文）苔丝悲剧的成因研究（精选五篇）第一篇：(全英文论文)苔丝悲剧的成因研究原创毕业论文公布的题目可以用于免费参考(全英文论文)小公主中有关社会形态的暗示（全英文论文）英语习语的起源及其特点(全英文论文)试论苔丝的悲剧(全英文论文)英语词汇学习策略研究（全英文论文）中西方“面子观”在跨文化交际上的差异(全英文论文)分析飘与斯佳丽的差异对比(全英文论文)浅析对信用证软条款的防范(全英文论文)目的论视角下汽车商标的翻译（全英文论文）麦田里的守望者的异化主题分析(全英文论文)中美家庭价值观的差异（全英文论文）探讨小妇人超验主义（全英文论文）贝基•夏普的反抗形象分析（全英文论文）从卡特尔的人格特质理论解读苔丝的悲剧（全英文论文）低调陈述的交际功能(全英文论文)肢体语言在大学英语教学课堂中的应用(全英文论文)美国交际文化的特征以及表现形式(全英文论文)论汉语成语的翻译本题目是全英文原创论文，需要完整可以联系QQ：805 99 0749(全英文论文)论营销道德与社会责任的履行(全英文论文)英汉新闻语篇中意识形态差异探析(全英文论文)从逍遥骑士看美国反正统文化-嬉皮士(全英文论文)女大学生在人际冲突情境中的面子行为及应对模式(全英文论文)商务英语中口译学习的文化介入(全英文论文)浅析献给艾米丽的玫瑰艾米丽的悲惨人生(全英文论文)从超民族主义角度分析英国病人的人物特征(全英文论文)分析英国侦探小说对现代英国社会发展(全英文论文)中英文化差异对广告翻译的影响(全英文论文)影响小学初中英语教学衔接的因素及对策（全英文论文）从最蓝的眼睛看黑人女性对白人文化的两种态度（全英文论文）英语专业大三学生在英语专业四级新闻听力中所运用的方法调查(全英文论文)非英语专业大学生英语作文中的时态错误分析（全英文论文）从跨文化交际角度探析旅游景点中公示语的翻译(全英文论文)中英颜色词的文化内涵差异（全英文论文）英语广告中的西方礼貌文化(全英文论文)小学英语课堂中文化教学的研究(全英文论文)圣经中成功的信仰(全英文论文)论英语谚语翻译(全英文论文)对歌词英译汉的研究(全英文论文)中文旅游景点解说词的特点及翻译策略(全英文论文)谈扩大非英语专业学生英语词汇的学习策略--猜词法(全英文论文)借鉴美国的慈善文化探讨我国慈善事业的发展(全英文论文)浅析哈尼族学生英语学习中的语言迁移及其影响(全英文论文)汉英旅游资料误译初探（全英文论文）典型修辞手法在英语演说中的运用(全英文论文)中西方文化差异对商务谈判的影响(全英文论文)目的论和商业效应契合下的英语电影名翻译(全英文论文)农村初中英语学习中动机因素研究—XX中学为例(全英文论文)商务谈判口译的语用失误的成因及负面影响对学习的启示(全英文论文)简笔画在初中英语词汇及语法中的应用(全英文论文)浅析习语翻译中的中西文化差异及其应对策略（全英文论文）高中生内外向性格特征对英语学习策略的影响(全英文论文)白兰的反叛精神--红字中清教文化背景下的人物塑造(全英文论文)探索大学生英语口语合作学习(全英文论文)从喜福会中母女的冲突看东西方教育的差异(全英文论文)李尔王中女性形象的分析(全英文论文)试析英汉颜色词文化内涵的差异(全英文论文)简爱中“愤怒”情感隐喻研究(全英文论文)影响农村中学生英语听力理解的因素及对策--XX中学为例(全英文论文)中国加入世贸后对本国电子商务的影响(全英文论文)任务型教学法在高中英语写作中的运用(全英文论文)中英婚礼仪式用语反映的婚姻观念及习俗差异及其根源(全英文论文)浅谈如何提高大学生英语口语流利性（全英文论文）从语言经济原则视角看报刊标题中的歧义现象(全英文论文)论双语教学在我国初中推广的不可行性试析了不起的盖茨比的象征主义手法运用(全英文论文)国内近十年来关于苔丝悲剧形成原因的研究综述(全英文论文)可以吃的女人的女性主义解读(全英文论文)商务英语四字词翻译(全英文论文)合作学习对非英语专业学生英语口语能力的影响(全英文论文)论小说喜福会中的中、美教育观及其表现(全英文论文)广告英语中合成词的语义理据分析(全英文论文)霍尔顿形象解读(全英文论文)傲慢与偏见鉴赏（全英文论文）阿Q正传英译本的译者主体性研究--以Lyell的译作为例(全英文论文)浅析跟单信用证软条款及其防范措施(全英文论文)浅谈礼貌策略在商务谈判中的应用(全英文论文)学困生英语学习的现状及对策分析—XX中学为例（全英文论文）贵妇画像中女主人公悲剧命运解析（全英文论文）探讨汉英动物习语的翻译(全英文论文)汉英数字禁忌的对比研究（全英文论文）高中英语教学中学生自主学习能力的培养（全英文论文）关于吃字的英译研究(全英文论文)从合作原则的角度分析成长的烦恼中的言语幽默(全英文论文)从归化异化的角度分析七大新浪微博热词的英译(全英文论文)浅析莱辛老妇与猫中的生态女性主义(全英文论文)英语教育产业化对英语教育的影响(全英文论文)中国英语的影响—以功夫熊猫的字幕翻译为例(全英文论文)功能对等理论在中文菜单翻译中的应用(全英文论文)影响英语阅读理解的因素及解决对策(全英文论文)英汉互译中多义词的确定及其翻译(全英文论文)游戏在小学英语教学法中的运用（全英文论文）初中英语课堂问题行为及对策(全英文论文)英语语言中的性别差异(全英文论文)情景教学法在小学英语词汇教学的应用(全英文论文)文化差异与中学英语词汇教学(全英文论文)影响英语谚语翻译的因素及其技巧(全英文论文)英语新闻标题的汉译(全英文论文)从春节和圣诞节看中西节日文化对比（全英文论文）简析简爱的爱情观第二篇：英语论文《苔丝悲剧成因》开题报告1.Research IntentionTess of the D’urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy(1840-1928), describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess.In this novel, we can see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, suffer setbacks again and again, till to be destroyed.We can not help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear.At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable.The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? This paper will try to make adetailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of the heroine’s tragedy.2.Literary ReviewFrom the later nineteenth century until now,Thomas Hardy and his works have been the important topics of the criticism for a long time.After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’urbervilles and Thomas Hardy’s other novels from various perspectives.For instance, Professor Webster begins with a discussion of Hardy’s intentions in writing Tess.According to his views, Tess of the D’urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy’s war against man’s inhumanity.Arnold Kettle takes a different point o f view.For him the subject of Tess of the D’urbervilles is not the tragedy of a “pure woman”, but rather the destruction of the English peasantry.Mr.Kettle sees it as complete as a social novel.In China, Prof.Zhang and Wu have published their own books on Hardy’s novels and other works.There are3.Research ProcessThis paper comprises three parts dealing respectively with several main factors that lead to Tess’s final tragedy, including the background, the social environment, two persons who are very closel y related to Tess’s fate and finally the weakness of the central character’s personalities.Besides, Tess’s sufferings were the result of some mysterious and incidental factors.The following is the outline of the paper.Part 1.Introduction This part is a brief introduction to the author and his masterpiece.1.1Thomas Hardy and his works1.2Tess of the D’urbervillesPart 2.Causes for the tragedy of TessThe cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess shouldsuffer inevitable ruin.What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In this paper, I try to make a detailed analysis on the novel, to show the various causes of heroine’s tragedy.2.1 The impoverishment and decay of small farmersThis novel has for its setting the agricultural region of the southern countries of England.The writer truthfully depicts the impoverishment and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands and roam the country in search of seasonal job.These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.In this novel, we can see clearly that one of the real reasons that lead to her extermination is her impoverishment.2.2Alec and Clare In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly.There are two persons who are very closely related to Tess’s fate.She, a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer, so Alec---the vicious capitalist power of the Victorian Times and Clare---the representative of liberal bourgeoisie killed her cruelly and without mercy.It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly.2.3 The weakness of her characterApart from fierce Alec and hypocritical Clare, it is the weakness of her character that leads to her sad fate.Tess was able to fight against the unfairness of the society.She could face various difficulties in life bravely, yet she couldn’t extricate herself from traditional moral principles.She was aware that she was the victim of social violence and moral principles.On the other hand, though she dared to beat back the unjustness, she couldn’t break with traditional morality completely.2.4 Some mysterious and incidental factorsThe last but not the least, Tess’s sufferings were the resultof some mysteriousand incidental factors.Examples of the fateful incidents abound in the novel.Part 3.ConclusionIt is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.4.ConclusionThrough studying the representative workTess of the D’urbervilles, we will be able to have a better appreciation of the great achievements of Thomas Hardy.It seemed that if there were no unexpected happenings, she might have a happy life;maybe she would finish her life peacefully.It appeared there were unexpected factors in her every important life stage, those factors lead to her tragedy.But in fact, just as we infer from our previous discussion, it is the times she lived in and the weakness of her nature put her in such a poor situation.Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly.Facing such a serious situation, the weakness of her character became the accomplice.The tragic fate is not only that of Tess herself, but also the tragedy of the times she lived in.Bibliography［1］Chen Jia.Selected Readings in English Literature(Volume 2)［M］.The Commercial Press, 2004 ［2］Chenxia.Analysis of the Tragic Mood in “T ess of th e D’Urbervilles”［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China(social societies), 1998(2):100-102［3］Huangjing.On the causes of the tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of NorthwestMinorities University(social science), 2002,(3):95-98［4］Li Jian, Yuanjing.The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess ［J］.Journal of DaqingTeachers’ College, 2005,(2):65-66［5］Liu Yafei.Doomed from the start ［6］Thomas Hardy.Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation& Translation Press, 2004［7］Wang ments on the Tragedy of T essa ［J］.Journal of ChengdeVocational College, 2005(4)：26-27［8］Zhang Xiaodong.Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］.Journal of Chaohu College, 2004,(6):74-77第三篇：苔丝的悲剧《苔丝》读后感读着哈代的作品，看着苔丝的生命一步步走向悲剧，思索着造成悲剧的原因。
华东师范大学毕业设计（论文）论文题目：浅析《德伯家的苔丝》悲剧的根源专业：英语学号：11141028004001学生姓名：指导教师：完成日期：2015.9.20论文摘要《德伯家的苔丝》创作于19世纪末期，这部小说带有着浓厚的悲剧色彩。
作者托马斯·哈代（1840-1928）是英国著名的诗人、小说家。
他是横跨两个世纪的作家，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统。
这部小说通过讲述一位美丽，纯洁，善良的女孩——苔丝悲惨的一生，从而表达了对英国下层阶级，特别是农村妇女在道义上的深切同情。
善良的苔丝本应该享受甜蜜的爱情和幸福的婚姻，可是事与愿违，她的人生之路充满了崎岖与坎坷。
本论文将试着以19世纪末期的社会因素、命运因素及性格因素这三个方面为出发点进行展开研究，剖析女主人翁苔丝悲剧生活的根源。
希望通过对该小说的社会背景及故事情节的再次呈现，使大家更深刻地了解苔丝悲剧的根源。
关键词：托马斯·哈代；《德伯家的苔丝》；苔丝；悲剧；根源ABSTRACTT ess of the D'Urbervilles was created in the end of 19th century, being full of strong tragic color. The writer Thomas Hardy（1840-1928）was a famous British poet and novelist. He was regarded as Shakespeare in English novelist by the critics.This novel mainly talked about a beautiful, pure and kind-hearted girl –T ess’s tragic life, then to express the deep moral sympathy to those women who lived in the underclass and rural area. Kind-hearted Tess should have enjoyed the sweet love and happy marriage, but on the contract, her life road is rough and bumpy. This thesis will try to do some studies and analysis from the following three points to find out the real root causes of tragedies, the social factors, the fatalism and the personal character in the novel. Just hope all of us can have a good knowledge of T ess’s tragic life after reading this thesis.KEY WORDS：Thomas Hardy，T ess of the D'Urbervilles，T ess，tragidy，root causes目录第一章绪论 (1)一、研究目的和意义 (1)二、研究方法和论文框架 (1)第二章作者及故事梗概 (2)一、作者托马斯.哈代 (2)二、小说内容简述 (2)第三章创作背景概述 (3)一、19世纪的英国农村 (3)二、宗教反叛 (3)第四章悲剧根源解析 (4)一、社会因素 (4)二、命运因素 (5)三、性格因素 (6)结论 (8)参考文献 (9)第一章绪论一、研究目的和意义通过本文阅读能使读者更深层次的了解这部优秀小说，找出导致主人翁苔丝的悲惨生活根源。
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源英语论文《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学巨匠托马斯?哈代的代表作。
女主人公苔丝的悲剧和不幸是由多种原因造成的。
本文以女性主义的角度为出发点，从两个方面分析导致苔丝悲剧命运的根源，即：教育和苔丝自身因素。
哈代；苔丝；悲剧命运；女性主义19世纪末出现妇女解放运动第一次 ___。
而“哈代的作品中反映了与时代相吻合的女性解放的思想,而且在作品中,女性对传统道德观念和社会的反抗是非常激烈的”。
托马斯?哈代大胆地将创作的目光投向农村，深入的 ___普通农家的悲剧命运。
他十分擅长刻画女性人物悲剧命运,旨在揭露男权社会给女性造成的伤害,批判男性中心主义。
托马斯?哈代是横跨19世纪和20世纪的著名小说家和诗人，英国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，被沃尔夫誉为“英国小说家中最伟大的悲剧 ___”。
其作品即承接英国维多利亚时代的文学精髓又体现 ___世纪的文学创新,气势磅礴。
以辽阔深远的背景与渺小的人物形象之间的巨大反差和动人的对比描写，给读者以深刻的印象和心灵的震撼。
《德伯家的苔丝》刻画了一个善良、坚强、自尊、宽容而美丽的女性形象——苔丝。
由于天真无知而受到富家浪子的侮辱，身心饱受摧残。
但“她并没有自暴自弃，怨天尤人，而是勇敢地面对挫折；为减轻家里的负担，应付虚荣的父母，她勇于承受重担，奔走于不同农场，养家糊口；对待爱情，她自尊又执着”。
她被“认为是唯一的一位逃脱了决定主义的人”， ___了传统的伦理道德。
哈代极力要摧毁的正是这种道德观念，让女性摆脱僵化的传统习俗的控制。
他对“堕落女性”的处境给予了极大的 ___，对苔丝给予了深切的同情和宽容，带给读者对妇女生存状态的反思。
苔丝从一位天使般的少女到绞刑架上的杀人犯,是何种邪恶力量在逼迫、摧残、毁灭着这“有自我意志，完整个性的女性？”，把这一优雅迷人的高尚女性一步步推向死亡深渊?苔丝悲剧的根源何在?以下从女性主义的角度审视《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝被 ___的血泪史,剥下男权中心主义这张 ___外皮。
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 分析广告英语中的修辞手段2 商务策略研究——论沃尔玛的营销策略3 Reread Shylock from a Tragic Viewpoint4 析《苔丝》中的象征意义5 肢体语言的文化趋同性研究6 论《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象7 英汉习语文化差异及其翻译8 A Survey on Western Culture Learning among Non-English Majors9 中西方生死观之比较10 违反合作原则所表达的会话含义—以《越狱》中Theodore Bagwell话语为例11 分析《呼啸山庄》的哥特式特征12 The Inharmonious Elements in The Old Man and the Sea from an Ecological Perspective13 基于中西文化差异的翻译策略研究14 文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。
原创Q 805 990 74 915 A Study on Fuzziness of Advertising Language16 艾米莉•勃朗特《呼啸山庄》主人公希斯克利夫的悲剧性格解读17 从主角与配角之间关系的角度探讨《老人与海》中的生存主题18 论关联理论对旅游资料英译的指导意义19 从制度文明起源的角度浅谈中西方家庭观念的差异20 《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的美国梦的破灭21 男女生英语学习差异比较研究22 如何激发初中生的英语学习兴趣23 Comparing the Reasons for Hester Prynne’s and Tess D’Urbervilles’s Tragedies24 论格列佛人物形象在《格列佛游记》中所起的讽刺效果25 浅析中国时政术语的常用英译方法26 从“啃老”现象看后啃老族的生活态度27 从自然主义视角审视《嘉莉妹妹》中小人物嘉莉的命运抗争与幻灭28 狄更斯的人道主义思想在《双城记》中的体现29 A Study of Pragmatic Failure in Politeness between Chinese and English30 《倾城之恋》和《飘》的女性主义解读31 The Tragic Fate of Tess32 On the Strategies of Translation of Political Terms with Chinese Characteristics33 英汉动物习语的对比研究34 哈代在《德伯家的苔丝》中体现的男权思维和女性意识35 东西方隐逸文化对比——试比较梭罗与陶渊明的作品36 从多视角比较《论读书》的两个译本37 从宗教建筑看中西文化差异38 从精神家园的追寻与构建的角度来解读梭罗与《瓦尔登湖》的思想39 Cultural Differences Between Chinese and American Social Etiquettes40 论《呼啸山庄》中人性的转变41 An Analysis of Daphne du Maurier’s Female Identity Anxiety Reflected in Rebecca42 从肢体语言看中西方文化差异43 论〈麦田里的守望者〉中“垮掉派”特质的体现44 中西饮食文化中的差异45 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中汤姆的形象分析46 哥特文化－－十字架背后的光47 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例48 The Major Characters in Wuthering Heights under the Perspective of Ethics49 从婚姻和家庭看中美核心价值观对比差异50 中英书名翻译的对比51 商务英语中的缩略词研究52 爱伦坡短片小说“美女之死”主题研究53 英汉委婉语的文化对比研究——以“死亡”委婉语为例54 从语用学的角度谈美剧中的言语幽默——以《老爸老妈浪漫史》为例55 中外汽车文化对比研究56 试论法律文本的翻译原则57 English V ocabulary Teaching in Junior Middle School58 论汉语政治新词的英译59 对爱德加爱伦坡哥特式小说中象征手法的研究60 A Brief Comparison of Spring Festival and Christmas Day61 从电影《杀死一只知更鸟》审视美国种族文化冲突62 E-learning的理论与实践63 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用64 我之歌——弗洛伊德精神分析视角下的艾德娜之死65 霍克斯《红楼梦》英译本中委婉语的翻译策略研究66 电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》中的隐喻分析67 莎士比亚悲剧中的人文思想68 英汉称谓的文化差异研究69 解读苔丝悲剧的成因70 世界经济危机影响下东莞企业的现状71 The Comparison of Western and Eastern Privacy Concepts72 英汉诗歌中“月”意象的认知解读73 英文商标的汉译74 浅谈英语习语的特点及其汉译75 为爱而叛逆——简·爱对爱的渴求的分析76 An Analysis of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s View on Christianity in Uncle Tom’s Cabin77 从生态批评角度解析杰克•伦敦的动物小说《野性的呼唤》和《白獠牙》78 从“老人与海”译本比较研究看理解在翻译中的重要性79 艾米莉•狄金森诗歌中的动物意象研究80 论简奥斯汀小说中的反讽艺术81 浅析《雾都孤儿》中的现实主义82 Two Trapped Roses—A Comparative Study on Emily and Miss Havisham83 新课标指导下的中学英语语法教学84 论交际法在初中英语教学中的运用85 礼貌策略的英汉对比研究—以《傲慢与偏见》及其译本为例86 英语影视的课堂价值87 运用概念整合理论解读英语幽默理解障碍88 “面子”文化与中西方为人处世观89 从女性主义分析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因90 从萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说看中英谚语的文化意象91 An Analysis on Shear's Personality in The Bridge on the River Kwai92 论《芒果街上的小屋》的“简单”93 浅谈美国职场上的性别歧视及其原因94 交际教学法在中学英语课堂中的应用95 探究哈利波特的英雄成长之路96 简单的深邃—论佛洛斯特诗歌的隐秘性97 Language Features and Translation Skills of Business English Contract98 《到灯塔去》中的两性主义—抵达人类和谐的完美道路99 电影《超人：钢铁之躯》中的西方个人英雄主义体现100 从功能理论角度分析电影《点球成金》字幕翻译101 A Tragedy of Ambition on Macbeth102 英汉亲属称呼语与中西家庭教育模式差异103 嘉莉妹妹的人物特征104 英语听力理解障碍及应对策略105 从归化策略视角看中医药说明书的翻译106 英汉颜色词隐喻的认知比较与研究107 以马斯洛需求层次理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情婚姻观108 On the Translation of Tourism Advertisements109 中美篮球背后的青年文化110 《美国的悲剧》中主人公克莱德悲剧性解析111 A Reflection upon American Heroism Based on Reviews of Hollywood Movies112 工业化进程中的人性异化——解读wrence《儿子与情人》113 礼貌原则视角下萧伯纳《卖花女》人物性格探析114 《洛丽塔》—时间的悲剧115 英语非限定性动词的语言分析116 汉英翻译中的中式英语的成因及对策117 中国英语与中式英语之比较118 社会阶层与语言关系在《雾都孤儿》中的投射研究119 重复在儿童英语教学中的重要性120 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经人物原型分析121 公共标识翻译的跨文化语用学研究122 《老人与海》中词语修辞格的运用123 浅析《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白和达西关系的转变124 交际法在大学英语教学中的现状探究125 Analysis of Love Tragedy in The Apple Tree in Light of Realism126 佛罗多与亚拉冈：悲剧虚构型模式中的低模仿英雄与喜剧虚构型模式中的高模仿英雄127 方位词“上”和“Up”语义对比研究128 《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型129 企业行为管理的共同价值观浅析130 Diversification in Translation131 浅析《红字》中女性主义的具体体现132 《还乡》中游苔莎的悲剧命运分析133 对《一小时的故事》的批评分析134 On Diversified Application of English Euphemism135 对比哈利•波特与蜘蛛侠浅析英美英雄文化差异136 《彼得•潘》中的“成长”主题137 从功能分析的角度试析广告英语中语言的性别差异138 文化因素对品牌翻译的影响139 浅析动植物词汇中的中英文化差异140 解读《喜福会》的中国式母爱141 高校教师如何激发学生的英语学习动机142 女性社会价值的深情呼唤—小说《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人和莉丽人物形象的对比研究143 基于语义场理论的高中英语词汇教学策略144 英语单词记忆中存在的主要问题和解决方法145 简析比喻在《围城》中的运用146 从英汉动物成语比较中英文化差异147 性别差异在日常英语词汇和句法中的体现148 从电视相亲节目看当代中美女性婚恋观差异149 比较分析《喜福会》与《日用家当》中两代人之间的文化冲突150 英汉“悲伤”情感隐喻认知对比分析151 Analyzing Rhett’s Character in Gone With The Wind－－－－the Mixture of Fire and Ice 152 中英委婉语文化内涵特征对比研究153 英语习语陷阱及其学习策略154 《野性的呼唤》中的生态观155 中美饮食文化实体行为与非实体行为的民族差异156 《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝和《红字》海斯特的悲剧命运的比较157 试论英语中的歧义与翻译158 文化差异对商务谈判的影响及策略159 美国情景喜剧《老友记》中幽默的翻译研究160 英汉状语语序修辞对比与翻译161 英汉翻译中词汇空缺现象及翻译策略162 初中英语提问策略教学研究163 高中学生英语课堂口语交际活动的错误分析164 从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译165 用合作原则和礼貌原则分析网络聊天室会话的含义166 从中西文化差异角度谈品牌翻译167 英语中的汉语外来词168 An Embodiment of Virtue－－- A Moral Insight into the Image of Tess169 从《时时刻刻》看三种不同身份的女性与现实的抗争170 从关联理论的角度看《围城》中言语幽默的翻译171 《威尼斯商人》中的关键社会元素——莎士比亚心中的乌托邦社会172 中美隐私观的跨文化视角分析173 英汉基本颜色词研究174 论跨文化交际中的体态语175 On the Application of Polysystem Theory In the Two Versions of Hamlet 176 中英动物词语文化内涵的差异177 关于初中生外语学习焦虑的分析178 《黑暗之心》的人性探究179 从人文主义角度解读《失乐园》中撒旦的形象180 中美幼儿教育对比研究181 《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象分析182 商务信函翻译技巧初探183 美式英语与英式英语在词汇上的差异184 社会因素对汉语中英语外来词的影响185 论罗伯特弗罗斯特诗歌的黑色基调－－-在美国梦里挣扎186 从美国总统选举看其民主政治187 An Analysis of Translation of Road and Traffic Public Signs188 凯瑟琳与苔丝悲剧命运的比较189 从“动态对等”看品牌名的翻译190 约翰•斯坦贝克女性观流变初探191 鲁滨逊荒岛生存技能的分析192 狄金森、席慕蓉爱情诗中隐喻现象对比研究193 Impact of Latin on English V ocabulary194 《飘》中的家园意识探究195 中美幸福观比较：以影片《在云端》为例196 Emerson’s Ideas on Nature and Social Harmony197 中美两国家庭文化差异198 浅谈中美家庭教育文化差异199 英汉称谓语对比研究200 索尔贝娄《挂起来的人》的存在主义解读。
毕业论文《德伯家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的原因学位申请人姓名学号所在学院名称外国语学院专业名称英语教育指导教师姓名指导教师职称目录中文摘要关键词 (i)英文摘要关键词 (ii)一、绪论 (1)二、作家及作品介绍 (1)（一）作家简介 (2)（二）作品概述 (3)三、《德伯家的苔丝》造成苔丝悲剧的原因 (4)（一）客观社会的原因 (4)1.社会环境因素 (5)2.传统道德因素 (5)3.虚伪的宗教 (6)4.家庭原因 (8)（二）性格原因 (9)1.亚雷和安吉尔的性格 (9)2.苔丝的性格 (10)四、结论 (11)参考文献《德伯家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的原因张梦盈外国语学院英语教育河南新乡 453600摘要: 托马斯.哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》是一部英国上同时也是世界上经典的小说。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。
文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造成的，是一个时代思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的结果。
除此之外,这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，因为她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。
这篇论文讲的就是造成苔丝悲剧的原因。
关键词：悲剧；社会环境原因；性格特征；道德。
Causes of tragedy of Tess in Tess the D’Urbervilles Zhang mengying English Education Faculty of Foreign Languages Xinxiang Henan453600Abstract:Thomas Hardy’s novel，Tess of the D’ Urbervilles is a great classic work in England as well as in the world. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society environment and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, bec ause she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise.Key words ：tragedy; Social environment causes; Character; Moral.一、绪论托马斯·哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，他在小说和诗歌领域里均取得了杰出的成就，但让广大读者记住哈代的还是他写的小说。
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源英语论文《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学巨匠托马斯?哈代的代表作。
女主人公苔丝的悲剧和不幸是由多种原因造成的。
本文以女性主义的角度为出发点，从两个方面分析导致苔丝悲剧命运的根源，即：教育和苔丝自身因素。
哈代；苔丝；悲剧命运；女性主义19世纪末出现妇女解放运动第一次 ___。
而“哈代的作品中反映了与时代相吻合的女性解放的思想,而且在作品中,女性对传统道德观念和社会的反抗是非常激烈的”。
托马斯?哈代大胆地将创作的目光投向农村，深入的 ___普通农家的悲剧命运。
他十分擅长刻画女性人物悲剧命运,旨在揭露男权社会给女性造成的伤害,批判男性中心主义。
托马斯?哈代是横跨19世纪和20世纪的著名小说家和诗人，英国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，被沃尔夫誉为“英国小说家中最伟大的悲剧 ___”。
其作品即承接英国维多利亚时代的文学精髓又体现 ___世纪的文学创新,气势磅礴。
以辽阔深远的背景与渺小的人物形象之间的巨大反差和动人的对比描写，给读者以深刻的印象和心灵的震撼。
《德伯家的苔丝》刻画了一个善良、坚强、自尊、宽容而美丽的女性形象——苔丝。
由于天真无知而受到富家浪子的侮辱，身心饱受摧残。
但“她并没有自暴自弃，怨天尤人，而是勇敢地面对挫折；为减轻家里的负担，应付虚荣的父母，她勇于承受重担，奔走于不同农场，养家糊口；对待爱情，她自尊又执着”。
她被“认为是唯一的一位逃脱了决定主义的人”， ___了传统的伦理道德。
哈代极力要摧毁的正是这种道德观念，让女性摆脱僵化的传统习俗的控制。
他对“堕落女性”的处境给予了极大的 ___，对苔丝给予了深切的同情和宽容，带给读者对妇女生存状态的反思。
苔丝从一位天使般的少女到绞刑架上的杀人犯,是何种邪恶力量在逼迫、摧残、毁灭着这“有自我意志，完整个性的女性？”，把这一优雅迷人的高尚女性一步步推向死亡深渊?苔丝悲剧的根源何在?以下从女性主义的角度审视《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝被 ___的血泪史,剥下男权中心主义这张 ___外皮。
英美文学论文----德伯家的苔丝T ess: A pure woman---An Analysis of T ess’s Tragic Fate 苔丝:一个纯洁的女人---对苔丝悲剧的分析AbstractWith the development of society, people pay more and more attention to women.However, especially in the pastdays, women were treated unfairly.Key wordsTess of the D’Urbervilles, tragedy，capitalism摘要随着社会的不断发展与进步，妇女的地位愈受关注。
然而，在过去的时代，封建观念根深蒂固，妇女仍受到不公平的待遇。
《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的伟大著作，小说描述了一位纯洁姑娘的不幸命运。
这篇论文就是通过对女主人公苔丝的悲剧命运的详细分析。
IntroductionTess of D’Urbervilles,the book about ordinary people and common things, is one of Thomas Hardy’s famous works. The novel takes young lady’s fate as the thread. This paper makes an analysis of the causes of the lady’s fate in Tess of D’Urbervilles.I.The background of Hardy and his T ess of D’UrbervillesA.The background of HardyThomas Hardy (1840-1928) was born in Upper Bockhampton; Dorset.He is an outstanding realist in English literature and has many bitter known novels, such as The return of the Native, The Mayor of Caster Bridge, Jude the Obscure.Hardy studied about Greek tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy all this life, which resulted in his pessimistic attitudes towards fatalism.B.The background of Tess of D’UrbervillesIn his great work, the author demonstrates his point about the capitalist society as well as its system. In the wake of the industrial revolution in the UK, the exploiting class exploited the working class. Tess is one of the poor employees. She is the representative victim at that time.II.The causes of Tess’s tragedyA.It is no doubt that Tess’s tragedy is the socialtragedy. After the industrial revolution in the UK,the capitalism spreads to countryside, giving a hitto its economy. Tess’s families are an epitome ofthe whole countryside. Though beautiful, smart andhardworking, Tess is at lower position in thesociety. As a labror, she has no power or money, bearing a heavy burden, so she faces different kinds of oppression and humiliation.B.It is the direct cause of the tragedy that she isthe victim of the violence, vicious power as well as the laws that maintains rich people.Alec is the representative among them. Forced by the poor life, Tess has to find her distant relatives, though she is unwilling. There she is seduced by the young master as well as a hypocritical rogue, Alec, and returns home pregnant and disgraced. After the death of her baby, the priest refuses to give the baby a baptism because he thinks that Tess is nota purer. Why Alec can be so aggressive consists inhis wealth and the connive of the cabalism system.The society and law all hold the views that Alec is innocent, Tess guilty. The injustice proves the ruthless and hypocrisy of the capitalism laws.C.The spiritual ravagement to Tess fromtraditional ethics becomes another main cause of the tragedy. After being humiliated by Alec,Tess has to bear the worldly- opinion and traditionalmorality .She is so brave that she chooses toendure.However,her husband ,Angel Clare, knowsthis ,and discards her because he thought she is notvirgin. Clare pushes Tess to the edge of the danger,taking the only hope from the poor woman. Thisforced her back to Alec .Finally she kills Alec.Heronly revolt is the powerful illustration of all thetorment and mortification she has suffered. Herdeath is the focus and epitome of the dark society. ConclusionTess is a tragic character, and a victim of the society with darkness. Her tragedy results from not only the society, but her own flaccid character. Her death is inevitable.Notes(1)英美文学选读教材(2)《德伯家的苔丝》青岛出版社，王静（译者）(3)《T ess of the D’Urbervilles》Tomas Hardy中国对外翻译出版公司2009(4)http:///doc/9816118125.html,/ymwx/lw_11 3911_6.html。
摘要托马斯·哈代以“性格与环境小说”闻名。
他认为女性在男权社会下所受到的控制和大自然在人类社会所受到的压迫是相似的，因此二者有着极其密切的联系。
托马斯·哈代的小说中充满了人与自然、男性和女性以及工业化和自然环境之间的矛盾。
生态女性主义是二十世纪女性运动和生态运动的结合物，该理论的支持者呼吁废除男权社会，建立一个更加平等、人与自然和谐相处的社会。
本文以托马斯·哈代的代表作《德伯家的苔丝》为例进行分析，小说在描述苔丝的悲剧命运的同时，夹杂了大量的对自然的描写，展现了受压迫的女性与被破坏的自然之间的共同点和联系。
本文将分析苔丝悲剧的社会原因，剖析女性与自然的内在联系，以及生态女性主义在当今社会的现实意义。
关键词：生态女性主义，托马斯·哈代，《德伯家的苔丝》AbstractThomas Hardy was famous for his Wessex novel. He believes that the oppression that women suffered from patriarchy society is similar to the damage that nature suffered form human world, thus women and nature are closely interconnected with each other. The conflicts and contradictions between human and nature, between men and women and between industrialization and natural environment can be easily seen in his novels. Ecofeminisim is the combination of feminism campaigns in 20th Century and ecological activities. Supporters for this ideology appeal to abolish the male-dominance society, and build a more justice and harmonious one. In Tess of the d’Ubervilles, Thomas Hardy not only describes the miserable fate of Tess, but also mingled with a great number of descriptions for nature, which demonstrated the common points and connections between women and nature. This article will analyze the social reasons for Te ss’s tradgy, dissect the connection between women and nature, and the practical significance of ecofeminisim in today’s society.Key words: ecofeminism, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d’UrbervillesAcknowledgementsI would like to express my sincere appreciation to all people of my degree courses. First of all, I gratefully appreciate the advice and the help of my supervisor, Li Mingcui for her patience guidance, constructive suggestions, insightful criticism and heartfelt encouragement. I couldn’t finish this paper without her efforts.I also want to appreciate all the teachers and professors in School of Foreign Languages.I have learnt a lot from them during the past four years, both academically and mentally.I highly appreciate their serious teaching an enlightening lectures.What’s more, my thanks also go to my parents, friends and roommates, for their valuable suggestions and contribution.OutlineI．IntroductionII．Basic Concept of EcofeminisimA. Definition and Main Ideas of EcofeminismB. The Development of EcofeminisimC. The Practical Significance of EcofeminismIII．Thomes Hardy and EcofeminisimIV. Tess of d’Urbervilles and EcofeminisimA. The Background of Tess of the d’UrbervillesB. Main Plots of Tess of the d’ UrbervillesC. Analysis of Tess of the d’Urbervilles From the Perspective of Ecofeminisim1. Tess: A Daughter of Nature2. Tess: A Victim to Patriarchal Society and IndustrilzationD. The Male Charaters in Tess of the d’Urbervilles1. John Durbeyfield2. Alex3. Angel ClareVI. ConclusionIntroductionWith the development of feminism and the growth of industrilization in 18th Century, ecofeminism came into being, which was one of the most significant branches in feminism study. Ecofeminisim is the combination of feminism campaigns in 20th Century and ecological activities. It can be regarded as the natural feminism since it inherits the old theories of feminism in transitional sense and starts a new research field related to ecology and nature. Except the social reform, ecofeminism has also expanded its influence to theoretical research, analyzes the differences between male and female, discusses the female identity and value, futher leads to the criticism for the discrimination and oppression against women. It also studies the ecological issues and critisized the governance of patriarchy from the perspective of gender differences. Ecofeminisim has a strong influence in western world, especially during the feminism and ecological campaign. It has embarked on a new path of research for gender and ecological problems. Supporters for this ideology believe that women are the daughters of nature so that women’s feelings and fate are closely connected to natural changes, appeal to abolish the male-dominance society then build a more justice and harmonious one. They believe that all the disrespectful, harmful and devastating behaviors to nature are the direct or indirect insults to women. Ecofeminisim puts great emphasis on women’s freedom and their autonomous rights in nature, upholds and enhances the purity in wo men’s nature. It upholds the belief that no one should hurt women on the ground of one’s preference especially patriarchy. The ecological crisis and gender oppression are the major and fundemental causes for the disharmony in human society. In terms of literature, ecofeminisim aims to change marginalized status of women and nature by literary criticism from the perspective of nature and gender.As a famous critical realist novelist in 19th Century, Thomas Hardy was widely known for his Wessex novel, which indicates the deeper conflicts between people and environment may widely exist in his novels. He believes that the oppression that women suffered from patriarchy society is similar to the damage that nature suffered from human world, thus women and nature are closely interconnected with each other. Given the background of social and industrial development, the conflicts andcontradictions between human and nature, between men and women and between industrialization and natural environment can be easily seen in his novels. Hardy realized sensitively that women and nature are sharing a common future and fate, which made his novels became a paragon of new women. Tess of the d’Urbervilles is one of the greatest master works of Thomas Hardy. In Tess of the d’Uberv illes, Thomas Hardy shaped a female character who deeply suffered from old morality and religious persecution. The subtitle of the novel is A Pure Woman, which had challenged hypocritical male chauvinism in Victorian age publicly and demonstrated the theme of ecofeminism. Tess was a rural girl who was pure and kind. She looked forward to a world which is true and beautiful at first, but she was injured by the darkness and hypocrisy in her world. She worked at a distant relative’s home for her family’s livin g. As a young and innocent lady, she was seduced and raped by Alex and lost her chastity. Later she fell in love with a gentleman named Clare, but was abandoned by him at the wedding night because of her confession about her past. Out of the sense of family responsibility and self-sacrifice, she became Alex’s mistress against her own will. At the end of the novel, Tess killed Alex as a revenge which paid with her life. Although the ending of the novel was tragic, Hardy had highly praised the new women from the perspective of ecofeminism. Since Thomas Hardy regarded Tess as a daughter of nature, Thomas Hardy not only described the miserable fate of Tess, but also mingled with a great number of descriptions for nature, which demonstrated the common points and connections between women and nature. Hardy tends to creat a female image who can perfectly suit with all the natural things. After the publicity of Tess of the d’Ubervilles, the researches for the novel are mainly focuses on the analysis of the concept of healthy women, the analysis for the causes of the tragedy, Hardy’s interpretation for female, interpretation of naturalism and female images in western patriarchal discourse. This article will futher analyze the social reasons for Tess’s tradgy, dissect t he connection between women and nature, and the practical significance of ecofeminisim in today’s society, all the points and discussions will be based on the idea of ecofeminism.II. Basic Concept of EcofeminisimA. Definition and Main Ideas of EcofeminismAs a political and social campaign, ecofeminism is the major branch during the third feminism movement. It believes that the oppression for women and the degeneration of nature are connected with each other. Ecofeminism mainly concerns about the relevance among gender discrimination, the oppression for nature, racial discrimination, speciesism and other social injustice. It could be referred to natural feminism since it inherits the old theories and opens up a new area. Ecofeminisim supporters tend to seek a culture that connect with nature while holding the belief that a ecologist will definitely be an ecofeminist. Ecofeminisim supporters oppose the anthropocentrism and androcentrism, upholds the idea of nature is controlled by human being. It criticizes the patriarchal values and praises the intrinsic quality of women. The aim of ecofeminism is to establish a utopia which follows the principles of ecofeminism and feminism.1. The core theoryEcofeminisim is a combination of feminism and ecological ideology. It believes that the social mentality of manipulating female is directly related to the abusement of global environment. From the perspective of criticizing the sense of hierarchy and logics of rules in the western modern worldviews, ecofeminism points out how the worldviews of androcentric, analytic and mechanistic oppress the nature and women as well as the connection with the idea of male-dominant. Thus, they inisted that the movement to free women or nature from discrimination and oppression must be launched at the same time. Since this idea has tied women liberation and nature salvation together, ecofeminist sees the ancient wisdom of pre-mordern worldviews as the precious source of theory. The pre-modern worldviews regarded nature as a holistic organism and highly admitted its immanence value and the equity between human being and other spices.2. Main IdeasWomen are more connected to nature, while the basic concept of patriarchy is the animosity towards nature. The division between nature and culture, between animal and human being, between men and women has sorted women with nature and fertility, and sorted men with culture and egoism. This is a part of western patriarchy which has provided rationality to the behavior of raping women and destroying nature. Although the ecological campaign may not be total feminist, any successful ecological campaign has a surprisingly high level of sexualization. It surprises people because the ecological awareness belongs to ecofeminisim as well as the traditional feminist awareness. The ecofeminists pay close attention to ecological damage such as deforestation, air pollution, water pollution and species extinction. Just according to an ecofeminist S usan Griffin: “We no longer feel that we are part of this planet. We regard other creations as enemies. Forests disappear, air pollution, water pollution and so on. A long time ago, we have given up on ourselves. Our way of life is ruining our environment, our flesh, and even our genetics.”Creatures on earth are in a interconnected net without the differences of higher or lower level. However, human are living in a society where the racial and gender discrimination exists. People are getting used to this kind of view, without questioning if it is right. In this system, the pure spirit existence like God is the highest, while the living things on earth are the lowest. Among all the living creatures, human beings are at the top, followed by animals, plants, mountains, oceans and dirt; among all the human beings, white male are at the highest level, followed by men of other racial and women. One of the major ideas of ecofeminism is fight against the hierarchical among living things. The supporters of ecofeminism appeal to a anti-cetralization movement globally to keep an eye on people’s common interests as well as the opposition against coerciveness of some consumption pattern.The survival of some species demonstrates the new understanding of the relationship between human and nature is essential. This is a challenge to binary opposition of culture and nature. Ecofeminisim emphasis the interdependence of all living creatures.It is the feminist response to global environmental crisis while actively improve the living conditions and situation of women.Ecofeminists raise doubts about the concept of development. They believe that the concept of development is based on western patriarchy and capitalism with following the path of linear development. From the perspective of culture, this idea has its limitations, however it is popular globally. One of the most important value of feminism movement is the respect to the voices from people who don’t have power or authority and the differences in our society; while the concept of development ignore individuals and communities. It eveulates the progress of human being and society only from the perspective of economic without taking factors like culture, society, spirit and other human contributions into account. In this aspect, the main point of ecofeminist is that, if we could take the gender differences into consideration, development will be further boosted. Economic development should comply with women’s daily life, rather than merely pursuing competitions and invasions. Men and the governance system should change themselves towards a more responsible and open-minded way.3. Representative FiguresIn 1974, French ecofeminist Francoise d’Eaubonne put forward the concept “ecofeminism” for the very first time in her book Le Feminisme ou la mort in which she appealed to women’s participation of saving earth. This symbolized the beginning of the research for ecofeminism. She aimed to stimulate women’s potential in solving global ecological crisis and call upon women to lead a ecological revolution and build a new relationship between human and nature and between men and women. She also pointed out the direct connection between the oppression to women and to nature. Eaubonne advocated to build an ecological culture marked by diversified and complicated. She reiterated the relationship of human, other living creatures and nature which regarded human as an ecological existence. She attached great importance to the protection of ecological system and a harmonious nature to achieve sustained development. She believed that the major content of ecofeminism is the sense of identity of women and nature. Eaubonne combined ecological movement and feministcampaign to establish a fresh moral value and social construction. She opposed any kinds of discrimination and hopes that the interdependence model can be used to replace the previous hierarchical social system by upholding the values of love, care and justice, especially the promotion of social justice. She emphasised not only the mutural learning between feminism and eco-criticism, but also the interdependence in a practical way between women liberation and ecological protection. Eaubonne emphasized the natural intimate connection between women and nature. By criticizing this patriarchal ideology, ecofeminists aim to break this deep-rooted hierarchical model and build a diverse and complex world in which human and nature live in harmony.Carolyn Merchan described the changing historical progress in her book The Death of Nature:Women, Ecology, and Scientific Revolution. She connected the “nature discrimination” and “gender discrimination”, and put their connection under the historic background of social politics and economic power. Facing the current crisis of natural resources are exhausting, modern ecology roots in organic theory and so does ecofeminism proposed by Merchant. However, she had no intend to rebuild the image of “Mother Nature” to impose the role of nurturer on women anymore. Instead, she tended to study the interlinked value of women and nature, observed the impact of modern women’s liberation movements and ecological movements on traditional views of nature. She called upon a new world by destroying the old one. At the same time, Merchant started to criticize the dualism. In traditional sense, people believed that the body is always less noble than the soul, thus people are more than nature, and women are always lower than men. According to this theory, it is reasonable and normal if people are controlling nature. From this perspective, Merchant believed that the domination and oppression of nature and of women are similar in the framework of thinking, thus she started the critique of dualism.B. Development of EcofeminismAfter 1960s, authors of three epoch-making books of the development of human ecological culture are all feminists: Rachel Carson from America, the author of SilentSpring(1962); Barbara Ward from Britain, the author of We Only Have One Earth(1972); former Norwegian Prime Minister Brundtland, the author of The Common Future of Our Lady. These documents have not only changed the way that people think, but also rewrite the history of people protecting ecological ecvironment. In response to these great ideas, t he combination of Western women’s movements and ecological movements has formed the Ecofeminisim movement, which including women’s right, environmental protection, treatment to experimental animals, the opposition of nuclear weapons and wars. It has expanded its opposition from social and gender discrimination to the discrimination of ecological nature. It has also linked fighting for gender equity and environmental protection which has enriched the connotation of ecological culture.Since 1970s, many feminists, especially ecofeminists all believed that the the environmental issue is the main problem for feminists to solve. Women around world have became an active part of ecological movements. In Sweden, women sent jams made from contaminated berries to members of parliment, in order to protest against the use of herbicides in the forest; in India, they participated in the “tree-hugging campaign” to protect the trees that would be used as fuel; in Kenya, they devoted themselves to all kinds of green movements to turn the desert into an oasis; women in Britain publicly protested the use and the threat of nuclear weapons; German women helped to establish the Green Party as a green future for the pursuit of their country and the whole planet.In 1987, ecofeminists had a conference to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the book Silent Spring, called upon women to join and guide the ecological revolution to protect the ecosystem of Earth.Under the great influence of the mainstreaming gender equality in the 1990s, women’s role in sustainable development has became increasingly clearer, so did the relationship between the development of female and ecological environment. In a series of United Nation conferences, issues related to “Women and Environment” received g reatattention and agreement from international community. China has formulated three “Outline for the Development of Chinese Women”, starting with improve natural environment and social surroundings, increasing women’s parts in decision-making.C. The Practical Significance of EcofeminismEcofeminisim has always been attracting media’s attention. It includes women’s right, environmental protection, technology development, animal treatment, opposition against nuclear weapons and wars. Many feminists who care about ecological problems, ecologists who concern about women’s position, scientists who care about environmental issues and women liberation are using this term in various level. Ecofeminism holds the belif that some people are pursuing pure development and the unlimited growth of science and technology, which has made human break away from nature. Ecofeminism wants the development of a new kind. Because of the different social roles of men and women, they have different perspective in building ecological culture. Since ecological environment has a close relationship with women’s living and development, which has given them a more active role in building and carrying ecological culture. Women are not only the participants, but also the creators of great importance.Women are the main body of social production. According to some statistics, 70% of consumption is finished by women; especially in China, women are playing the main force in modern agricultural production, more than 80% of agricultural labor and more than 70% of domestic planting industry and breeding industry are women’s responsibility. Thus, women’s consumption and production has a direct impact on green development, green consumption and green life that advocating by ecological culture. In morden times, increasing number of scholars tend to analyze the connotation of women and nature are interlinked with each other, and further point out that it is the dual control of women and nature. Ecofeminism has no means to fight against reason, it is the irrationality of patriarchy. In this term, ecofeminism has surpassed biological gender and entered into a deeper philosophical level.III.Thomes Hardy and EcofeminisimThomas Hard was an English poet and novelist. He had published nearly 20 lung novels such as Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge. Born in 1840 in Higher Bockhampton in England, he began his writing in 1862. He had suffered a lot of criticism because of his novel Jude the Obscure in which he described a marriage between two cousins. He stopped writing novels and began his poetry writing since then. As a writer who had lived in two centuries, he carried on the literary tradition in Victorian age. The poetry in his twilight years had embarked on the English literature in 20th century. His novels could be roughly divided into three parts, Wessex Novel, Romance and Fantasy and novels skilled in structure. The Wessex Novel was the most important part. His novel Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge are all belong to this category. These works are generally considered as the most mature novels of Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure are the most outstanding.The English author Thomas Hardy set all of his major novels in the south and southwest of England. He named the area "Wessex" after the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom that existed in this part of that country prior to the unification of England by Ethelstan. Although the places that appear in his novels actually exist, in many cases he gave the place a fictional name. Hardy’s novels embraced strong local colors in the background of the southwestern part of England where he grew up. His Wessex Novels demonstrated advanced ideas at that time which had also imposed great challenged to the old Victorian traditions and social systems. His advancement had brought him criticism and reproach. In most of his Wessex Novels, he described the progress of struggling, pursuing better future and disillusionment of the main characters which meant to reflect people’s pursuit of a better life and ideals. What’s more, he described the violent conflicts or the internal connections between people and the natural environment, thus enriching profound social significance and philosophy. Thomas Hardy considered faithful and honesty as his basic principle of literaturewriting. He did’t demonstrate his d espise towards human society by praising nature like the romantic writers did. His works are firstly pay attention to human themselves. Thus, he was not satisfy with the appearances, he was eager to explore the deeper facts beneath appearances. During the exploration of tradgy, Hardy discovered the highest level of tradgy:Tradgy is unavoidable because of great force of alienation of environment. In the creation of tradgy, Hardy highly confirmed people’s spirit of fighting in the adversity. As a tragedian who focused on life, Hardy tended to explore the reason of tradgy and the way to solve it. He believed that both Tess and Jude’s tradgy was bound to happen, no matter how hard they tried they would never escape from God’s will. He considered the miserable fate of workers and farmers as jokes made by God without deeper thinking for the social reasons which has weakened their social meanings. Fatalism has been revealed in novel’s structures which leads every step of his character’s tradgy to an unavoidable event. He sometimes described the inevitability of tradgy by omens or cruses. Because his affection to patriarchy clan system, he used to write the old customs and natural view in rural areas. In the late 19th century, the old village of patriarchy clan system in southern England had suffered from great shock because of the development industrlization. Since then, rural society headed to destruction, the peasantry collapsed little by little. From the social reality of farmer’s miserable life, Thomas Hardy had seen through the capitalism essence of cruelty and selfish, which made him despair. He praised humanitarianism, which had showed in most of his works. He opposed the destruction of human nature and eulogized people’s feelings and their love as well as the positive humanitarian. Lived in an era of all kinds of trends of thought came into being, Hardy also pursued innovation of his ideas and techniques. For example, he tried to demonstrated women’s rich thoughts and independence through describing their true life experience rather than simply defined them as “angel” or “devil ”.In terms of plots, Hardy’s tragic characters most ly rely on the outdoors in the Wessex area. It linked the small Wessex rural environment with the infinite universe, which expressed the exploration of the mysteries of the universe, the pursuit of ideas, the desire for happiness and the dissatisfaction with the real environment. For examplethe description of the road through the plot was extraordinary. It symbolized the twists and turns of the road of life which had profound philosophical significance. In the environment of the character’s activities, Har dy preferred to emphasize the repetitiveness of the space, which tended to compare the changes of characters’ life in different phases and creat a world that imaginary factors and real components by reproducing the changing environment. The space in Tess o f the d’Urbervilles is rather wide. Tess drifted around in her whole life which made her impossible to return to the original place. Hardy described not only the repetition of the geographical environment, but also the connection between Tess’s fate and th e land of her family. In Jude the obscure, Jude engraved his dreams and ambitions on the milestone. Before his death, he came to that milestone. The writing on the stone was still there, but his letters had been covered with moss. These environment demonst rated by Hardy are small and ordinary, which may not attract readers’ attention. However, he repeatedly described them and highlighted these unnoticed places in the story, which made the plots rich and colorful.IV. Tess of the d’ Urbervilles and Ecofemini smA. The Background of Tess of the d’ UrbervillesIn the late 19th century, Britain has become the biggest as well as the strongest industrial country after the Industrial Revolution. The rapid development of industry has erodeo the rural tradition in Br itain society and disorganized people’s living habits. The large-scale operation of capitalism has gradually immersed into the countryside. However, the social politics, economy, law, culture and other aspects was not mature enough, the entire social structure has not changed tremendously. Old morality, old ideas, old institutions still restricting people’s development. The application of new agricultural machinery has turned self-sufficiency farmers into poverty, bankruptcy and oppression. Those poor farmers could only sell their own labor and become employed farmers. The vast majority of people are still living at the bottom, especially women. Thus, their lives were extremely difficult andmiserable. Under the influence of Industrial Revolution, advanced women started to break through the feudal limitation and tp fight for the equal social rights with men. At the same time, the great development has caused environmental damages to the rural natural beauty that Thomas Hardy adored. As a witness of all these changes, Thomas Hardy missed old traditions, old lifestyle and idyllic scenery with strong hatred towards the expansion of railways and the replacement of manual labor with machine. Tess of the d U’rbervilles was written in this context.B. Main Plots of Tess of the d’ UrbervillesTess was born in a poor family. Her father John was told that he was a descendant of a noble name, which made him pride and arrogant. John decided to send Tess to a distant relative who was an old lady with great fortune, hoping to get financial assistance. However, Tess was raped by her son Alec. She refused to marry Alex and went home. The child died right after his born. For family’s sake, Tess left her hometown to find a job in order to support her family. She met Angle Clare at a farm where she worked as a milkmaid. Angel, as a son of a gentleman, was learning about farming so that he could move to the colonies in America and became a wealthy farmer there. Despite the all kinds of differences between them, they fell in love with each other gradually. Tess intended to tell Angel about her past, but she couldn’t confess that shameful experiences. Finally, at the night before their wedding night, she gave him a letter and told him everything. Although he didn’t say anything abou t the letter next day, Tess assumed that she was forgiven. But he didn’t read the letter in the first place. On their wedding night, Angle cofessed to her that he had an affair with another woman back in London before he had met Tess. This made Tess felt like she could tell him about Alec since it was not her fault at all. But Angle was shocked and terrified that she was not a virgin. He left her and went to South America and tried to start a new life. Tess was totally heart- broken, drifted around different jobs, trying to leave this mess behind her. She ran into Alec again on the road. Although he had become a Christian, he was still obsessed with her. She was forced to live with Alec because her responsibility to raise her family, although she was still legally married to Angle. After a while, Angle came。
2016年最新全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森2 英语非作格动词语义特征和句法属性研究3 从奈达的功能对等理论看《老友记》字幕中的幽默翻译4 《雾都孤儿》中的善与恶5 剖析简爱性格的弱点6 《我的安东妮娅》中的文化冲突研究7 奥斯卡王尔德童话的唯美主义研究8 论中国古典诗词英译中三美原则的再现9 Strategies of V ocabulary Teaching in Middle School English Class10 英语新闻标题中名转动词的认知阐释11 英汉语中与饮食相关习语的文化含义及形象意义对比12 不同的阅读任务对高中生英语词汇附带习得的影响13 政论文的英译特点14 浅谈中学英语教学中的情感教学方法15 英汉习语中价值观的差异16 文档所公布均英语全英原创毕业论文。
原创⑦⑨⑨⑦⑤⑦⑨③⑧17 A Comparative Study on the Two Chinese Versions of Anne of Green Gables from the Perspective of Receptional Aesthetics18 从社会生物学角度分析《雾都孤儿》中人物性格19 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象20 法律英语的特点21 《苔丝》中的女性与自然22 功能对等视角下汉语广告的英译策略23 A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Spatial Language in Business Negotiation24 语用模糊及语用功能25 《哈利波特》中斯内普的人物分析26 《道连葛雷的画像》叙事艺术的分析27 《神探夏洛克》文化现象研究2829 美国梦的矛盾心理-伟大的盖茨比主题分析30 浅谈中美文化差异对商务谈判的影响31 从生态翻译学的角度分析网络新词翻译32 论电影片名翻译的“忠实性”33 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中主流审美观对美国黑人的影响34 关联理论视角下莫言《红高粱家族》中的隐喻翻译分析35 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经人物原型分析36 An Analysis of Symbols in Young Goodman Brown37 探析《呼啸山庄》男女主人公爱情悲剧的根源(开题报告+论文+文献综述)38 Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby39 第二次世界大战中的温斯顿丘吉尔40 亲属称谓：英汉社会文化差异41 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读42 General Principles and Features of Legal English Translation43 经典英语电影台词的语言特征和文化态度44 浅谈奥斯卡·王尔德的喜剧《认真的重要性》中“谎言”的运用对其情节、语言和人物塑造的作用45 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用46 浅析英语习语的翻译原则和方法47 浅析爱伦·坡小说《黑猫》的写作艺术手法48 《嘉莉妹妹》中男女主人公命运的对比分析49 旅游翻译中的跨文化语用失误50 On House’s Model for Translation Quality Assessment——A Case Study of Li Mi’s Chen Qing Biao51 论《都柏林人》中的情感瘫痪52 浅析简爱的反抗性格及其形成过程53 《喜福会》中的女性身份重建54 《沉默的羔羊》三部曲中汉尼拔博士性格探析55 Cultural Difference between Chinese and American Advertisement56 A Comparison of the English Color Terms57 A Study of AP’s News Reports from the Angle of Cooperative Principle58 浅析中美商务谈判中的文化冲突59 从目的论的角度谈商标翻译的原则及技巧60 广告英语的词汇特征与修辞风格的探析61 分析《威尼斯商人》中的女性形象62 对“老人与海”中人物的分析63 威廉·福克纳作品中的不称职母亲64 《美国丽人》中的伦理主题研究65 分析西方末世论在美国电影中的体现66 浅析国际商务谈判文化因素及其对策67 The Narrative Strategy of Wuthering Heights68 人民币升值对我国进出口贸易的影响研究69 浅析《傲慢与偏见》中女性人物的认知局限7071 Reconstruction of Black Identity in To ni Morrison’s Beloved72 异化理论在汉语成语英译中的应用73 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读74 从目的论看英文奇幻文学中专有名词的汉译75 从《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蜕变76 从意象理解艾米莉狄金森其人其诗77 An Analysis of Fagin in Oliver Twist78 《理智与情感》的现实主义特征79 《沙漠之花》的女性主义研究80 从数字习语看中西文化差异81 南北战争新思想在女性中的体现——浅析《小妇人》82 浅论《儿子与情人》中劳伦斯的心里分析技巧83 从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响84 从《少年派的奇幻漂流记》论人性与兽性85 从麦田里的守望者到中国的青少年86 论本杰明富兰克林《自传》中的美国精神87 乌鸦在中西文学作品中文化内涵的对比研究88 从女性主义解读《胎记》89 透过中西谚语的对比分析中西文化异同90 从就餐细节看中美儿童个性能力的差异91 嘉莉妹妹的人物特征92 浅谈儿童文学在儿童成长中的作用-弗朗西斯霍奇森伯内特《小公主》和《秘密花园》之比较93 身势语在英语教学中的应用94 中西方节日文化差异研究95 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读96 中西礼仪对比97 浅析《小王子》的象征与哲学98 标记信息结构在字幕翻译中的应用99 论英汉数字习语的差异及翻译100 A Comparative Study of Female Consciousness between Wang Anyi’s Everlasting Regret and Virgina Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway101 Comparison of Color Words between Chinese and English Culture102 从民族特性看中美高等教育差异103 从文化视角下看中美家庭教育的差异104 从合作原则的角度分析《老友记》中的言语幽默105 英汉颜色词的文化差异106 A Comparison of the English Color Terms107 从文化差异角度看英汉习语的翻译108 A Comparative Study of Cultural Factors in Two English Versions of Kong Yiji— From the Perspective of Skopos Theory109 从《西风颂》初析雪莱的反传统人格特征110 《飘》中斯嘉丽人物性格分析111 《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧的分析112 对《秀拉》中死亡事件的探究113 用眼睛透视心灵—评析《老人与海》114 论《皮格马利翁》的结局115116 华兹华斯自然观浅析117 汉英翻译中的多余词现象118 浅析莎士比亚四大悲剧作品中人文精神的一致性119 广告英语及其翻译120 心灵探索之旅——析《瓦尔登湖》的主题121 英汉颜色词隐喻的认知比较与研究122 男权社会女性意识的觉醒——弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫女性主义文学研究123 On Womanism in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple124 英国议会制辩论－－探究与实践125 论中西文化中家庭观念的差异126 从跨文化交际角度看中西方商务谈判127 旅游英语中的跨文化交际语用失误分析128 浅谈英文原版电影与高中英语教学129 国际商务合同的用词特点及翻译130 刘易斯小说《巴比特》中的都市景观和人物描写分析131 Humor as Perceived from the Cooperative Principle132 词汇负迁移对汉译英的影响133 目的论与外国汽车商标的汉译134 性别话语模式的社会语言学研究135 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中伊万杰琳形象分析136 女性主义对《绝望主妇》人物性格塑造的影响137 A Contrastive Study of the Associative Meanings of Plant words in English and Chinese138 An Appeal for Oedipus Rex139 从功能对等视角浅析法律翻译中的文化因素140 英文电影片名汉译研究141 论英语称谓语中的性别歧视现象142 对于高中生英语学习感知风格的调查研究143 A Comparative Study on the Symbolic Meanings of Color Red Between The Scarlet Letter and Tess of the D’Urbervilles144 论苔丝悲剧的根源145 The Joy Luck Club－A Bittersweet Picture of Chinese-Americans across Two Generations 146 浅谈文化差异对网络新词英译的影响147 《老人与海》中的和谐关系148 论跨文化因素在跨国企业管理中的影响作用149 论《木木》中屠格涅夫的反农奴制思想150 A Comparison of the English Color Terms151 交互式教学法在中学英语课堂口语教学中的应用152 从英汉“狗”的习语看中西方文化差异153 《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默154 Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby155 商务英语中的缩略词研究156 论《野性的呼唤》的多重主题157 论学生角色在中学英语课堂中的转换158 肢体语言在大学英语教学课堂中的应用159 电影《穿普拉达的女魔头》中反语的运用与人物性格塑造160 论中英情感隐喻的异同点161 从寂寞到超然—索尔贝娄的《赫索格》中书信体的内心独白162 《推销员之死》中丛林法则的牺牲品163 《大卫科波菲尔》中的人物分析164 达尔文主义视角下的《卡斯特桥市长》165 基督教文化对《哈姆莱特》创作的影响166 论密西西比河对马克吐温和《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的影响167 凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的意识流技巧研究168 浅析哈利波特中的女巫形象169 二语习得理论对初中英语教学的启示刍议170 《论语》中“仁”的翻译研究（开题报告+论）171 论《儿子与情人》中的恋母情结172 英语新闻标题的翻译173 《纯真年代》女性意识探析174 跨文化视角中中英颜色词的对比及翻译175 跨文化交际下的中英文禁忌语的对比研究176 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读177 浅析威廉福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》178 从概念整合视角解析《小王子》179 A Comparison of the English Color Terms180 探讨图式理论对英语专业四级阅读中的指导作用181 从许渊冲的“三美论”看唐诗中的典故翻译182 商业意识对美国电影片名翻译的影响183 关联理论视角下的科技产品广告翻译184 美国情景喜剧中的言语幽默翻译——以《老友记》为例185 英语委婉语浅析186 浅谈公示语英译187 汉语公示语翻译中的误译现象研究188 试析《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》的成长主题189 论奥斯丁女性主义观点在《爱玛》中的体现190 英汉词汇中的动物隐喻研究191 A Brief Analysis of Public Sign Translation192 任务型教学法在小学英语课堂的应用研究193 Foreign Brands Translated in Chinese194 《荒原》中的神话溯源195 A Preliminary Survey of Translating San in Chinese Idioms 196 浅析中英恭维语197 Analysis on Ambiguity in The Scarlet Letter198 中美传统节日差异对比研究199 《红字》中霍桑的女性观200 English-Chinese Advertisement Translation。
《德伯家的苔丝》女性悲剧成因透视作者：王平来源：《赤峰学院学报·哲学社会科学版》 2017年第5期摘要：托马斯哈代是英国跨世纪最著名现实主义作家之一，在他的作品中，社会环境和人物性格的描写都非常丰富，他所创造的很多悲剧人物都具有其自身的独特魅力。
特别是在《德伯家的苔丝》中，其中主人公苔丝的悲剧命运表现的最为强烈，悲剧含义也更加丰富和生动，而造成悲剧的因素也是多方面的。
在这部作品中，哈代深刻表现出他对英国下层人们特别是处于农村环境中女性深切的同情和关怀。
主人公苔丝是一个美丽善良的姑娘。
她的人生经历了被强奸、被抛弃，最后无奈承受绞刑之痛，因此从苔丝身上我们看到了由性格引起的女性命运的悲剧。
苔丝是一位生活贫困的农村妇女，她对社会的抵抗是无力的，正是由于黑暗的社会环境造成了她命运的悲剧。
因此，本文主要从人物性格和社会环境等角度对苔丝悲剧命运的形成因素进行探索。
关键词：德伯家的苔丝；资本主义；女性悲剧；成因中图分类号：I561.074文献标识码：A文章编号：1673-2596（2017）05-0103-03《德伯家的苔丝》作者为哈代。
故事发生的背景是在19世纪的英国，苔丝的本性单纯善良，可是家境贫寒，长期在农村生活。
无奈之下受到父母的唆使不得不去和德伯家攀亲，以其来改善家庭的生活环境。
但是德伯家年轻的儿子亚雷在第一眼看见苔丝时，就对她产生了非分之想，后来对苔丝进行强奸后致使其怀孕。
苔丝无奈回到家中生下儿子，但是孩子在出生不久就失去了生命。
由此在别人的眼中苔丝就成为了被世人所不能接受的堕落下降的女人。
为了维持自己的生活，她去农场工作，也就是在那个地方认识了牧师安吉尔，而且两个人迅速相恋，在结婚的夜晚，苔丝向安吉尔叙述了自己被强奸的经历，希望能够得到他的原谅。
但是在安吉尔却没有这么做，而是抛弃她自己去了巴西。
随后悲剧又再次发生，她的父亲也离开人世，家长被他人驱赶。
这个消息使得善良的苔丝只能再次选择亚雷，但是在和亚雷在一起之后，安吉尔从巴西回来，找到苔丝并祈求她的原谅，对自己的行为也进行了深刻的检讨，而单纯的苔丝也宽恕了安吉尔，并且希望和安吉尔在一起幸福生活，正是因为这样苔丝使用了比较极端的方式把造成如今恶果的凶手亚雷杀死，而且和安吉尔在一起度过难忘的时光之后，苔丝还是走向了命运的尽头，最后被判处绞刑。
最新专业原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究2中英社交禁忌习俗异同之比较分析3 A Naturalistic Approach to Jude’s Tragedy in Jude the Obscure4幸福婚姻中爱情与金钱并重——论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观5从译者主体性视角看文言语体在英文歌词6从广交会现场洽谈角度论英语委婉语在国际商务谈判中的功能与应用7浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森8论《最后的莫西干人》中的印第安情结9Research on the Expression of the Speaker’s Intention in English and Chinese Conversation 10 A Comparison of the English Color Terms11论《马丁伊登》中一个成功者的幻灭12An Analysis of the Family Membership In Death of a Salesman13Unreliable Narration – The Approach to Irony in Pride and Prejudice14分析与比较中美电视新闻的娱乐化，及其未来的发展15Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West16解读奥斯卡王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识17《大地》中赛珍珠女权主义分析18论福斯塔夫的性格19浅析《儿子与情人》中扭曲的人物关系20英语专业学生课外网络自主学习问题研究21对鲁滨逊性格特征的分析22《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公的服饰所反映的女性意识23生态视角下解读《荒野的呼唤》24浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的写作风格25从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能26论托马斯哈代《还乡》的悲剧效果27跨文化交际背景下英语禁忌语探析28英语词汇中的性别歧视现象及回避方式29浅析广告发展现状及其未来发展趋势30An Analysis of the Names in Tess of the d’Urbervilles31社会阶层与语言关系在《雾都孤儿》中的投射研究32从Hofstede的文化维度角度解析中美家庭教育的差异33北京奥运会与中国品牌发展34 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Taboos of Social Communication35奥斯卡王尔德童话中的理想与现实36母语在小学英语学习中的正迁移37论《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象38非传统式英雄——从女性主义批评角度看《名利场》39论英语写作中中式英语的成因及解决策略40互动在高中英语阅读课的应用41The Relationship Between Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray42目的论指导下的旅游资料汉英翻译及翻译策略43亨利詹姆斯的《戴茜米勒》中的文化冲突和文化融合44口译中的停顿原因分析及处理45跨文化交际在宝洁公司营销战略中的应用46从《逃离》解读门罗的女性观47家乐福定价策略研究48“龙”和“Dragon”的语义与文化内涵比较49英语中介语无标志被动语态的错误分析50模糊限制语在求职中的应用研究51埃德加·爱伦·坡和蒲松龄恐怖小说的比较52消费文化理论视角下的《嘉莉妹妹》53Diversification in Translation54广告翻译策略初探55论英语称谓语中的性别歧视现象56从《呐喊》英译本看杨宪益的翻译思想57《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读58英汉习语文化差异浅析59当代中美青年恭维言语行为对比研究60《追风筝的人》中阿米尔的性格分析61初中英语词汇教学法研究综述62《美国丽人》中的伦理主题研究63《理智与情感》中埃莉诺的性格简析64《愤怒的葡萄》的生态主义分析65一个为追求自我挣扎的灵魂——看凯特肖邦的《觉醒》66《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的伊莱扎人物形象分析67An Eco-Critical Approach to Moby Dick68论《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物悲剧的必然性69从文化负载词褒贬意义看中西文化差异70英汉白色词的文化象征意义及翻译71卡森麦卡勒斯《心是孤独的猎手》福柯式解读72浅谈罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱情悲剧73从《爱玛》看简奥斯丁的女性主义意识74《丧钟为谁而鸣》中罗伯特.乔丹性格的多视角分析75论视觉小说中的西方神话形象重塑——以《命运之夜》系列为例76杰克伦敦《热爱生命》中天气描写的作用77目的论视角下的《边城》的英译研究78英语定语从句的理解与翻译79论〈麦田里的守望者〉中“垮掉派”特质的体现80汉英称赞语的对比研究81浅析丹尼尔笛福《摩尔弗兰德斯》的主题思想82从顺应论的角度谈英文电影片名的汉译83从生态学角度解读《白鲸》84Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West85透过美国环境类电影浅析人与自然的关系86探讨中英文化差异——以宗教习语翻译为案例87美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究88广告英语的特点及其翻译探索89东西方恐怖电影的文化差异90《太阳照样升起》内外的迷惘一代91从功能对等角度看商务英语合同的翻译92《无名的裘德》中哈代的宗教思想探讨93从最佳关联原则看口译中的“归化”和“异化”94论社会达尔文主义的“适者生存”在《热爱生命》中的运用95An Analysis of Hemingway' Religious Complex in The Old Man and the Sea 96中英文隐喻对比研究97商务谈判中的语言技巧98身体，规训与自我意识——《可以吃的女人》之福柯式解读99从日常交际礼貌用语失误看中西方文化差异100简析《日常用品》中的矛盾冲突101莎士比亚喜剧中的人文主义爱情观102《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂悲剧的分析103《鲁宾逊漂流记》中殖民主义思想浅析104影视英文在初中口语教学中的运用性研究105试析新课程标准下词汇教学策略的改变106论《红色英勇勋章》中的象征主义107《双城记》中的象征手法分析108文化背景知识在英语教学中的作用109An Analysis of Sexism in English Proverbs110《瓦尔登湖》中寂寞观的超验主义分析111Reread Shylock from a Tragic Viewpoint112英汉委婉语的对比及翻译113对《儿子与情人》中女性形象的分析114英语谚语中关系分句之先行词he高频使用之探析115国际商务中的跨文化沟通116以“三美论”对比《登高》两个英译版本的“意美”与“音美”117功能对等理论指导下的外贸函电翻译118119浅析《墓园挽歌》中意象的变化120《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读121广告的翻译122英语汉源借词研究123中学生英语阅读语义障碍和其教学应对策略124身势语在基础英语教学中的应用125《呼啸山庄》中男主人公希斯克利夫复仇动机分析126浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森127论格列佛人物形象在《格列佛游记》中所起的讽刺效果128耶稣成为弥赛亚以及被民众接受之原因129文化商务交际中的个人主义与集体主义130浅析初中英语语音教学中存在的问题及对策131文化视野下的中美家庭教育方法的比较132A Comparison Between the History of Development of Law in Western Countries and China 133由女性“奴性”潜意识解析玛利娅姆多舛命运134苔丝的悲剧成因浅析135A Comparison of the English Color Terms136欧亨利短篇小说艺术手法浅析137An Analysis of Tess’s Tragic Fate and the Realization of Hardy’s Fatalism138《简爱》的特征—一位独立的女性139英汉基本颜色词的文化差异及其翻译策略140华盛顿欧文与陶渊明逃遁思想对比研究141The Comparison of the Two Main Characters in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana and Emily Zola’s Nana 142《阿Q正传》中文化负载词的翻译143质本洁来还洁去——解读茶花女玛格丽特的悲情人生144《不能承受的生命之轻》中萨宾娜和特蕾莎的人物分析145An Analysis of Trademark Translation——from the perspective of Skopos Theory146A Lonely but Strong-willed Soul A Character Analysis of Ellen Weatherall in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall147浅析爱德华·摩根·福斯特《霍华德庄园》中的语言特色148A Brief Analysis of the Differences and Similarities of Chinese and British Wedding Culture 149反复在格特鲁德斯泰因的作品《三个女人》中的运用150论海明威《一天的等待》的冰山原则写作风格151老纽约下的女性悲剧——对《纯真年代》中两位女性的分析152Strategies of Vocabulary Teaching in Middle School English Class153基于弗洛伊德心理学分析《飘》中斯嘉丽的行为154从语用学角度分析《老友记》中的幽默155论科技英语新词的翻译156A Brief Study on Brand Name Translation157母语正迁移在初中英语教学中的研究与应用158大学校训反映出的中美文化差异159论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响160《远大前程》中的幽默与讽刺分析161从皮普的身份扭曲浅析狄更斯《远大前程》中人文主义的“不道德”162浅析英语教学中的情感因素163隐喻视野下英汉动物词汇文化内涵的比较分析164学生写作中中式英语的表现形式及其改进方式165理性主义与理想主义的结合——从“灰姑娘情结”看简奥斯汀的作品166中国英语在中国文化输出中的作用167从《七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的罪恶观168词组词汇学习方法169从文化差异的角度论文学译者的翻译技巧170The Translation of Irony in Pride and Prejudice—A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions171论《老友记》幽默字幕翻译172《红字》中的丁梅斯代尔和齐灵渥斯谁更“恶”？173论《隐形人》中的象征主义174如何激发和培养初中生学习英语的兴趣175从文化视角看汉英翻译中的语篇连贯性176A Study of the Causes of Tess's Tragedy177从文化角度谈旅游翻译178跨文化交际视角下沉默行为的解析179协商课程在高中英语教学中的应用初探180国际商务谈判中的礼貌原则181从女性意识的角度解读《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象182大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究183从《老人与海》中看海明威的人生哲学184译者主体性观照下的中文菜名英译185浅析爱伦坡《乌鸦》的语音象征186从《红字》看霍桑的政治观187残酷的现实与审美愉悦——论《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的崇高美188浅析从《刮痧》中反映出的中西文化差异189从《没有国家的人》看一个无政府主义者对人性的呼唤190英汉广告语篇中语法衔接手段对比研究191《红楼梦》杨译本与霍译本文化意象的翻译对比192A Probe into Three Phases for Effective Business Negotiations193《莎乐美》中月亮的意象——从原型批评视角进行分析194立法语言模糊现象研究——以刑法为视角195浅析《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白和达西关系的转变196中外英语教师的优劣势比较：从中学生视角197试论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征手法198命运与社会的牺牲品—苔丝的悲剧根源探析199Analysis of the Personality Changes of the Characters in The Grapes of Wrath。
最新专业原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究2中英社交禁忌习俗异同之比较分析3 A Naturalistic Approach to Jude’s Tragedy in Jude the Obscure4幸福婚姻中爱情与金钱并重——论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观5从译者主体性视角看文言语体在英文歌词6从广交会现场洽谈角度论英语委婉语在国际商务谈判中的功能与应用7浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森8论《最后的莫西干人》中的印第安情结9Research on the Expression of the Speaker’s Intention in English and Chinese Conversation 10 A Comparison of the English Color Terms11论《马丁伊登》中一个成功者的幻灭12An Analysis of the Family Membership In Death of a Salesman13Unreliable Narration – The Approach to Irony in Pride and Prejudice14分析与比较中美电视新闻的娱乐化，及其未来的发展15Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West16解读奥斯卡王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识17《大地》中赛珍珠女权主义分析18论福斯塔夫的性格19浅析《儿子与情人》中扭曲的人物关系20英语专业学生课外网络自主学习问题研究21对鲁滨逊性格特征的分析22《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公的服饰所反映的女性意识23生态视角下解读《荒野的呼唤》24浅析《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的写作风格25从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能26论托马斯哈代《还乡》的悲剧效果27跨文化交际背景下英语禁忌语探析28英语词汇中的性别歧视现象及回避方式29浅析广告发展现状及其未来发展趋势30An Analysis of the Names in Tess of the d’Urbervilles31社会阶层与语言关系在《雾都孤儿》中的投射研究32从Hofstede的文化维度角度解析中美家庭教育的差异33北京奥运会与中国品牌发展34 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Taboos of Social Communication35奥斯卡王尔德童话中的理想与现实36母语在小学英语学习中的正迁移37论《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象38非传统式英雄——从女性主义批评角度看《名利场》39论英语写作中中式英语的成因及解决策略40互动在高中英语阅读课的应用41The Relationship Between Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray42目的论指导下的旅游资料汉英翻译及翻译策略43亨利詹姆斯的《戴茜米勒》中的文化冲突和文化融合44口译中的停顿原因分析及处理45跨文化交际在宝洁公司营销战略中的应用46从《逃离》解读门罗的女性观47家乐福定价策略研究48“龙”和“Dragon”的语义与文化内涵比较49英语中介语无标志被动语态的错误分析50模糊限制语在求职中的应用研究51埃德加·爱伦·坡和蒲松龄恐怖小说的比较52消费文化理论视角下的《嘉莉妹妹》53Diversification in Translation54广告翻译策略初探55论英语称谓语中的性别歧视现象56从《呐喊》英译本看杨宪益的翻译思想57《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读58英汉习语文化差异浅析59当代中美青年恭维言语行为对比研究60《追风筝的人》中阿米尔的性格分析61初中英语词汇教学法研究综述62《美国丽人》中的伦理主题研究63《理智与情感》中埃莉诺的性格简析64《愤怒的葡萄》的生态主义分析65一个为追求自我挣扎的灵魂——看凯特肖邦的《觉醒》66《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的伊莱扎人物形象分析67An Eco-Critical Approach to Moby Dick68论《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物悲剧的必然性69从文化负载词褒贬意义看中西文化差异70英汉白色词的文化象征意义及翻译71卡森麦卡勒斯《心是孤独的猎手》福柯式解读72浅谈罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱情悲剧73从《爱玛》看简奥斯丁的女性主义意识74《丧钟为谁而鸣》中罗伯特.乔丹性格的多视角分析75论视觉小说中的西方神话形象重塑——以《命运之夜》系列为例76杰克伦敦《热爱生命》中天气描写的作用77目的论视角下的《边城》的英译研究78英语定语从句的理解与翻译79论〈麦田里的守望者〉中“垮掉派”特质的体现80汉英称赞语的对比研究81浅析丹尼尔笛福《摩尔弗兰德斯》的主题思想82从顺应论的角度谈英文电影片名的汉译83从生态学角度解读《白鲸》84Yellow Peril–the Image of Fu Manchu in the West85透过美国环境类电影浅析人与自然的关系86探讨中英文化差异——以宗教习语翻译为案例87美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究88广告英语的特点及其翻译探索89东西方恐怖电影的文化差异90《太阳照样升起》内外的迷惘一代91从功能对等角度看商务英语合同的翻译92《无名的裘德》中哈代的宗教思想探讨93从最佳关联原则看口译中的“归化”和“异化”94论社会达尔文主义的“适者生存”在《热爱生命》中的运用95An Analysis of Hemingway' Religious Complex in The Old Man and the Sea 96中英文隐喻对比研究97商务谈判中的语言技巧98身体，规训与自我意识——《可以吃的女人》之福柯式解读99从日常交际礼貌用语失误看中西方文化差异100简析《日常用品》中的矛盾冲突101莎士比亚喜剧中的人文主义爱情观102《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂悲剧的分析103《鲁宾逊漂流记》中殖民主义思想浅析104影视英文在初中口语教学中的运用性研究105试析新课程标准下词汇教学策略的改变106论《红色英勇勋章》中的象征主义107《双城记》中的象征手法分析108文化背景知识在英语教学中的作用109An Analysis of Sexism in English Proverbs110《瓦尔登湖》中寂寞观的超验主义分析111Reread Shylock from a Tragic Viewpoint112英汉委婉语的对比及翻译113对《儿子与情人》中女性形象的分析114英语谚语中关系分句之先行词he高频使用之探析115国际商务中的跨文化沟通116以“三美论”对比《登高》两个英译版本的“意美”与“音美”117功能对等理论指导下的外贸函电翻译118119浅析《墓园挽歌》中意象的变化120《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读121广告的翻译122英语汉源借词研究123中学生英语阅读语义障碍和其教学应对策略124身势语在基础英语教学中的应用125《呼啸山庄》中男主人公希斯克利夫复仇动机分析126浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森127论格列佛人物形象在《格列佛游记》中所起的讽刺效果128耶稣成为弥赛亚以及被民众接受之原因129文化商务交际中的个人主义与集体主义130浅析初中英语语音教学中存在的问题及对策131文化视野下的中美家庭教育方法的比较132A Comparison Between the History of Development of Law in Western Countries and China 133由女性“奴性”潜意识解析玛利娅姆多舛命运134苔丝的悲剧成因浅析135A Comparison of the English Color Terms136欧亨利短篇小说艺术手法浅析137An Analysis of Tess’s Tragic Fate and the Realization of Hardy’s Fatalism138《简爱》的特征—一位独立的女性139英汉基本颜色词的文化差异及其翻译策略140华盛顿欧文与陶渊明逃遁思想对比研究141The Comparison of the Two Main Characters in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana and Emily Zola’s Nana 142《阿Q正传》中文化负载词的翻译143质本洁来还洁去——解读茶花女玛格丽特的悲情人生144《不能承受的生命之轻》中萨宾娜和特蕾莎的人物分析145An Analysis of Trademark Translation——from the perspective of Skopos Theory146A Lonely but Strong-willed Soul A Character Analysis of Ellen Weatherall in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall147浅析爱德华·摩根·福斯特《霍华德庄园》中的语言特色148A Brief Analysis of the Differences and Similarities of Chinese and British Wedding Culture 149反复在格特鲁德斯泰因的作品《三个女人》中的运用150论海明威《一天的等待》的冰山原则写作风格151老纽约下的女性悲剧——对《纯真年代》中两位女性的分析152Strategies of Vocabulary Teaching in Middle School English Class153基于弗洛伊德心理学分析《飘》中斯嘉丽的行为154从语用学角度分析《老友记》中的幽默155论科技英语新词的翻译156A Brief Study on Brand Name Translation157母语正迁移在初中英语教学中的研究与应用158大学校训反映出的中美文化差异159论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响160《远大前程》中的幽默与讽刺分析161从皮普的身份扭曲浅析狄更斯《远大前程》中人文主义的“不道德”162浅析英语教学中的情感因素163隐喻视野下英汉动物词汇文化内涵的比较分析164学生写作中中式英语的表现形式及其改进方式165理性主义与理想主义的结合——从“灰姑娘情结”看简奥斯汀的作品166中国英语在中国文化输出中的作用167从《七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的罪恶观168词组词汇学习方法169从文化差异的角度论文学译者的翻译技巧170The Translation of Irony in Pride and Prejudice—A Comparison of Two Chinese Versions171论《老友记》幽默字幕翻译172《红字》中的丁梅斯代尔和齐灵渥斯谁更“恶”？173论《隐形人》中的象征主义174如何激发和培养初中生学习英语的兴趣175从文化视角看汉英翻译中的语篇连贯性176A Study of the Causes of Tess's Tragedy177从文化角度谈旅游翻译178跨文化交际视角下沉默行为的解析179协商课程在高中英语教学中的应用初探180国际商务谈判中的礼貌原则181从女性意识的角度解读《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象182大学英语教师课堂话语礼貌现象研究183从《老人与海》中看海明威的人生哲学184译者主体性观照下的中文菜名英译185浅析爱伦坡《乌鸦》的语音象征186从《红字》看霍桑的政治观187残酷的现实与审美愉悦——论《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的崇高美188浅析从《刮痧》中反映出的中西文化差异189从《没有国家的人》看一个无政府主义者对人性的呼唤190英汉广告语篇中语法衔接手段对比研究191《红楼梦》杨译本与霍译本文化意象的翻译对比192A Probe into Three Phases for Effective Business Negotiations193《莎乐美》中月亮的意象——从原型批评视角进行分析194立法语言模糊现象研究——以刑法为视角195浅析《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白和达西关系的转变196中外英语教师的优劣势比较：从中学生视角197试论《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征手法198命运与社会的牺牲品—苔丝的悲剧根源探析199Analysis of the Personality Changes of the Characters in The Grapes of Wrath。
