社工名词英语

Chapter1Introduction to social work and social welfareWhat is Social work?Social work is the professional activity of help individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable to this goal. Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: Helping people obtain tangible services, Providing counseling and psychotherapy with individuals, families and groups, Helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services, participating in relevant legislative processes.Five themes:Social work concerns helping individuals, groups, or communities.Social work entails a solid foundation of values and principles.A firm basis of techniques and skills provides directions.Social works need to link people to recourses or advocate for service development for clients. Social workers participate legislative process to promote positive social changes.What is social welfare?Social welfare is a nation's system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society. Two Dimensions:What people get from society (programs, benefits and services?)How well their needs (social, economic, educational, and health) are being metHow are social welfare and social work related?Debates on social welfare:Individual responsibility: you get you deserveSociety responsibilityWho should assume responsibility for people's social welfare?Residual, institutional, and developmental perspectives on social welfare.1. Residual ModelSocial welfare benefit and service should be supplied only when people fail to provide adequately for themselves.Blame the victim (fault and failure)For instance: social assistanceFamilies in need receive limited and temporary financial assistance until they can get back on their feet.2. Institutional modelPeople have a right to get benefit and service.For instance: public education, fire and police protectionEveryone can get these services.3. Developmental modelThis approach seeks to identify social interventions that have a positive impact on economic development.(1) Invest in education, nutrition and health care(2) Invest in physical facilities(3)Help people in need engage in productive employment and self-employment.Political ideology: conservatives, liberalism and radicalismConservatism is the philosophy that individuals are responsible for themselves, government should provide minimal interference in people's lives, and change is generally unnecessary.Liberalism is the philosophy that government should be involved in the social, political and economic structure so that all people's rights and privileges are protected in the name of social justice. Radicalism is the philosophy that the social and political system as it stands is not structurally capable of truly providing social justice. The fundamental changes are necessary in the basic social and political structure to achieve truly fair and equal treatment.Fields of practice in social work⏹Work with people in needs (children, youth, old people, the disable etc.)⏹Work with some occupationThe continuum of social work careers⏹Degree in social workBSW: prepare for the entry-level social workMSW: receive more specialized trainingDSW: teach at the college level or conduct researchSocial work builds on many disciplinesPsychology sociology political science economicsBiology psychiatry council cultural anthropology social workSocial workers demonstrate competenciesCompetencies are measurable practice behaviors that are comprised of sufficient knowledge, skills, and values" and have the goal of practicing effective social work.Competency 1: identification as a professional social workerCompetency 2: the application of social work ethical principles to guide practiceCompetency 3: the application of critical thinking to inform professional judgmentsCompetency 4: engagement of diversity in practiceCompetency 5: the advancement of human rights and social economic justice.Competency 6: engagement in research-informed practice Evidence-based practiceCompetency7: application of knowledge of human behavior and the social environment Competency8: engagement in policy proactive to advance social and economic well-being Competency 9: responsiveness to contexts that shape practiceCompetency 10:engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation with individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.Chapter 2social work values and ethics1. Value and ethics _Social worker is value-based profession.What is value? Value involves what you do and do not consider important and worthwhile, and also involve judgments and decisions about relative worth.What is Ethics? Ethics involve principles that specify what is good and what is bad. They clarify what should and should not be done•Difference between value and ethics:Value determine what beliefs are appropriate. Ethics address what to do with or how to apply those beliefs to do the right thing.2. Value and ethics for social workersSix core values for social workers:(1) Service (2) Social justice(3) Dignity and worth of the person(4) Importance of human relationships(5) Integrity(6) CompetenceSocial workers' ethical responsibilities to clients:Self-determinationPractitioners should nurture and support client self-extermination ：Each individual's right to make his or her own decisions.(2)Privacy and confidentiality(3) Conflict of interest and Dual relationshipsThe clients' best interests must be protected to the maximum extent possible.(4) Sexual relationshipSocial workers’ Ethical responsibilities to colleagues(1) Respect (2) Referral for servicesSocial Workers’ Ethical responsibilities in Practice settingsSocial workers' ethical responsibilities as professionalsCompetence against discrimination honestnot solicit clients for the purpose of personal gainsSocial workers' ethical responsibilities to the social work profession.Integrity Research EvaluationSocial workers' ethical responsibilities to the broader society(1) Advocate for people's welfare(2) Ensure fair and equal access to resources and opportunities.(3) Respect cultural diversity.(4) Prevent discrimination against or exploiting peopleChapter 3 Empowerment and Human DiversityStereotype•Women are too emotional to make good supervisors•Elderly people can't think well.•Gay and lesbian people really want to be opposite gender.•People with physical disabilities are unemployable.Discrimination, oppression, marginalization, alienation, stereotypes, and prejudice •Discrimination is the act of treating people differently based on the fact that they belong to some group rather than on merit.•Oppression involves putting extreme limitations and constraints on some person, group, or larger system.•Marginalization is the condition of having less power and being viewed as less important than others in the society because of belonging to some group or having some characteristic.•Alienation, related to marginalization, is the feeling that you don't fit in or aren't treated as well as others in the mainstream of society.• A stereotype is a fixed mental picture of member of some specified group based on some attribute or attributes that reflect an overly simplified view of that group, withoutconsideration or appreciation of individual differences.•Prejudice is an opinion or prejudgment about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact.• A major social work value involves the importance of people being treated fairly and equally. Populations-at-risk and social economic justice•Diversity emphasizes the similarity and dissimilarity between numerous groups in society that have distinguishing characteristics.•Populations-at-risk are people at greater risk of deprivation and unfair treatment because they share some identifiable characteristic that places them in diverse group.•Factors: gender, age, religion, culture, disability, class, immigration statusSocial and economic justiceEmpowerment and a Strengths perspectiveEmpowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations.• A strengths perspective:1. Every individual, group, family and community has strengths.2. Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be injurious but they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity.3. Social workers should assume that they do not know the upper limits of the capacity to grow and change and take individual, group, and community aspirations seriously.4. Social workers best serve clients by collaborating with when.5. Every environment is full of resources.Resiliency: seeking strength amid adversityThe ability of an individual, family, group, community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship.Resiliency involves two dimensions: risk factors and protective factors.Risk factors involve stressful life events or adverse environmental conditions that increase the vulnerability of individuals or other systems.Protective factors involve buffer, moderate, and protect against those vulnerabilities.Human Diversity•Race and EthnicityRace implies a greater genetic determinant, whereas ethnicity often relates to cultural or national heritage.•Culture and cultural competenceCulture is the sum total of life patterns passed on from generation to generation within a group of people and includes institutions, language, religious ideals, habits of thinking, and patterns of social and interpersonal relationships.Social workers need to have cultural competence to address the cultural needs of individuals, families, groups, and communities.National Origin and immigration statusFour experiences which newcomer faced:Social isolation Cultural shock Cultural change Goal-striving•class or social class•political ideology•gender, gender identity, and gender expression•Sexual orientationHomosexual or heterosexual (bisexual)Age Disability Religion and spiritualityChapter 4: Generalist practiceConcepts in the definition of generalist practice1. Acquiring an eclectic knowledge baseA. systems theoryB. ecological perspectiveC. Curriculum content areas1) Values and ethics 2) Diversity3) populations-at-risk and social and economic justice4) Human behavior and the social environment5) Social welfare policy and services 6) Social work practice7) Research 8) Field educationD. Fields of practice2. Emphasizing client empowerment3. Using professional valuesA. social works code of ethicsB. application of professional values to solve ethical dilemma4. Applying a wide range of skillsA. microB. mezzoC. macro5. Targeting any size systemA. microB. mezzoC. Marco6. Working in an organizational structure7. Using supervision appropriately8. Assuming a wide range of professional roles9. Following the principles of evidence-based practice10. Employing critical thinking skills11. Using a planned-change processA. engagementB. assessmentC. planningD. implementationE. evaluationF. terminationG. follow-upWorking in an organizational structure under supervision•What is organizational structure?Organizational structure is the formal or informal manner in which tasks and responsibilities, lines of authority, channels of communication, and dimensions of power are established and coordinated within an organization.•What is supervision?Supervision is the process by which a designated supervisor watches over a workers’ performance.A wide range of rolesCounselor educator broker case manager mobilize mediator facilitator Advocate supervisors managers3 skills (technical, people and conceptual)Evidence-based practiceEvidence-based practice is a process in which practitioners make practice decisions in light of the best research evidence available.Tools, models, methods and policies must be validated by research and consequence evaluation also should use scientific research methodsCritical thinking skillsAvoiding the fallacy trap1. Relying on case examples2. being vague3. Being biased or not objective4. Believing that if it’s written down it must be rightasking questions assessing fact asserting a conclusion Planned-change process Planned change and problem-solvingStep1 engagement Step2 assessment Step3 planning Step4 implementationStep5 evaluation Step6 termination•Engagement: social workers begin to establish communication and a relationship with others and orient themselves to the problems.•skillsVerbal communication and nonverbal communication (cultural variations)Conveying warmth, empathy, and genuinenessAlleviating initial client anxiety and introducing the worker's purpose and role•Assessment: gather and analyze information to provide a concise picture of the client and his or her needs and strengths.•skillsLooking beyond individual and examine other factors in their environmentFinding strengthsPaying attention human diversity•Planning: what should be done?Alternatives and consequences•implementation: following the plans to achieve the goals•Evaluation: determine whether a given change effort was worthwhile.•termination: the end of the professional social work-client relationship•types:Natural, forced, and unplanned•skillsAppropriate timingChapter 5: Practice SettingSetting in Social Work Practice: Organizations and Communities•Organizations are entities made up of people that have rules and structure to achieve specified goals.•Social services in the context of social agencies.Social services include the wide range of activities that social workers perform to help people solve problems and improve their personal well-being.A social agency is an organization providing social services that typically employs social workers in addition to office staff, and sometimes volunteers.Forms:Public or private;Nonprofit or proprietary (for profit)•Social work practice in the context of communitiesA community is “a number of people who have something in summon with one another that connects them in some way and that distinguishes them from others.Some mutual characteristic, such as "location, interest, identification, culture, and activities" Types:Locality-based community; Non geographic communityThe special circumstances of social work practice in rural communities.Low population densitySocial problems faced by rural residents:poverty, lack of transportation, inadequate child care, unemployment, substandard housing, and insufficient health care and so on.Four special issues for rural social workers:(1)true gene lists(work with different level case systems and use a wide of skills)(2) Interagency cooperation.(3) The importance of understanding the community, knowing its values and developing relationships with rural residents (informal relationship)(4) Emphasizing strengths inherent in rural communities. (Informal supporting system)Urban social workUrban social work is practice within the context of large cities, with their vast array of social problems, exceptional diversity, and potential range of resources.Five problems in urban areas:(1)Social problems occur with greater frequency and therefore are more visible in cities. (2) Widespread occurrence of discriminatory behavior.(3) Migration problems. (4) Financial shortfalls or unavailability of resources.(5)Greater amount of psychological stressSkills necessary for urban social work(1) Paying attention to human diversity (2) Understanding their agency environment(3) Seeking resources in the external urban environment (4) Using advocacyMicro practice: social work with individualsCounselor educator broker facilitator advocateMicro/mezzo practice: social work with families•The primary purpose of family social work is to help families learn to function more competently while meeting the development and emotional needs of all members.•The task of family social workers(1) Be responsive to the styles and values of families from other special populations.(2) Break complex tasks into smaller specific steps.(3) Assess the key skills needed for less stressful family interaction.(4) Explain and model appropriate skills.(5) Assess individual learning styles and ways to teach adults and children(6) Establish homework and other means of ensuring generalization of skills from one setting to another.(7) Promote and reward skill acquisition.(8) Emphasize strategies that help develop the strengths of family members(9) Motivate the family to stay involved even when faced with challenges and setback.•The importance of social networks for families.Social network: the structure and number of people and groups with whom you have contact or consider yourself to be in contact.Emotional support, instrumental support, informational support and appraisal supportMezzo practice: social work with groupTreatment groupTask groupMacro practice: social work with organizations and communities•social action•social planning•locality developmentMacro skills(1) Agency or public social policies may require change.(2) Entail initiating and conducting projects within agency or community contexts(3) Planning and implementing new social service programs within an agency or community.Chapter 6: An overview of social welfare and social work historyEarly European Approaches to Social Welfare•FeudalismLands owner vs. landless serfMedieval hospital ChurchPeople have little mobility, free choice, potential for change.Judeo-Christian thought: "Good deeds, love of one's enemies, and entry into heaven through mercy and charity".•England after feudalism's demisePeople gained mobility and independence but lost much of the safety and security the old feudal system had provided.Government regains social control by passing some statute, such as:Keeping people from moving; Forbidding able-bodied people from begging.•The English Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601Recipients are categorized into:1. Dependent children2. Impotent poor3. The able-bodied poor1662 Law of settlement established a new principle of social welfare provision: residency requirement.•The Speenhamland SystemThe first Minimum income maintenance system•The English Poor Law reforms of 1834Government would not provide outdoor relief for able-bodied people.Blame the victimU. S. Social welfare History: Early Colonization to the mid-1800s•Services reflected a mix of public and private collaboration.Government assumed responsibility of administration aid but often called upon local churches for help.Residency requirement was established.•Focus on Mental Health and Mental illnessMoral treatment: humane treatment in structured institutional settingsThe Civil War Era•Freeman Bureau: the first federal welfare agency1870-1900•Two trends:Industrialization;Urbanization•Focus on children: early policiesInstitutional care: almshouse and orphanageFoster care•Settlement House, Charity Organization Societies, and Generalist social work•Settlement House were places where ministers, students, or humanitarians 'settle' to interact with poor slum dwellers with the purpose of alleviating the condition of capitalism.•Characters1. Settle house approach address the problems in the context of environment.2. Emphasize on advocacy3. Emphasize on empowerment of people•Charity Organization SocietiesFriendly visitorEstablish a base of scientific knowledge and apply it to the helping processFocus on curing individualThe Progressive period: 1900 to 1930The Great Depression and the 1930s•The Great Depression and New DealCash reliefShort-term work relief,Expansion of employment•The Social Security Act of 1935Social insurance (for old age, disability, death of a breadwinner, unemployment, and work-related injury and sickness)Public Assistance (old people, children and blind people)The 1960s and the War on Poverty•More people of color are in poverty than white people.•Public assistance roll were escalating even unemployment decreased.•the public welfare amendments of 1962Supportive social service to help welfare recipients to self-supporting.•War on povertyHead Start; Volunteers in Service to America• A Return to Conservatism in the 1970s•Conservative extremes in the 1980s and early 1990s.Chapter 7: Policy, Policy Analysis, Policy Practice, and Policy AdvocacySocial welfare policy•Policy: rules that govern people's lives and dictate expectations for behavior.•Social Welfare Policy: Laws and regulations that govern which social welfare programs exist, what categories of clients are served, and who qualifies for a given program.•Agency Policy: standards adopted by organizations and programs that provide services. Social Welfare Policy Development•Phase 1 Recognizing society's values about what is considered important or worthwhile.•Phase 2 Identifying problems and needs that require attention.•Phase 3 Identification of public opinion about an identified problem and people's related needs.Normative orientation•Phase 4 Legislators confronted with a problem or need and swamped with public opinion undertake the complicated formulation of social welfare policy to address the issues.•Phase 5 Implementation through a social welfare program.•Phase 6 Social services are delivered by social workers and other staff in the context of social services agencies.Structural components of social welfare programs1. What are people's needs and program goals?I.e. the food stamp program2. What kinds of benefits are provided?Cash and in-kind3. What are the eligibility criteria for the program?Means test4. Who pays for the programs?General tax, state lottery, social security tax; private agency; client5. How is the program administered and run?National, state, or local?Value perspectives and political ideology: effects on social responsibility and social welfare program development•The conservative-liberal continuum•radicalism•residual and institutional perspectives on social welfare policy and program development•universal versus selective service provisionFive-E Approach•How effective is the policy?•How efficient is the policy?•Is the policy ethically sound?•What does evaluation of potential alternative policies reveal?•What recommendations can be established for positive changes?Policy Practice and Policy AdvocacyChapter 8: Social work and services in health careHealth problemsFactors causing health problems:1. Unhealthful lifestyles2. Physical injured3. Environmental factors4. Poverty5. ContagiousSocial Work Roles in Health Care：Medical social workerSocial work roles in direct health care practice1. Hospital, medical clinics and so on(1) Help patients understand and interpret technical medical jargon(2) Offer emotional support(3) Help terminally ill people deal with their feelings and make end-of-life plans.(4) Help patient’s adjust their lives and lifestyles to accommodate to new conditions when they return home after medical treatment(5) Help parents of children who have serious illnesses or disabilities cope with these conditions and respond to children's needs.(6) Serve as brokers who link patients with necessary supportive resources and services after leaving the medical facility.(7) Help patients make financial arrangements to pay hospital and other medical bills.(8) Provide health education aimed at establishing a healthful lifestyle and preventing illness.2. Public Health Departments and other health care contexts(1) Preventing diseases(2) Prolonging life(3) Promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort3. Managed care settingsTraditional healthy insurance (fee-for-service basis)Assessment to determine whether patients are eligible for benefits and which are most appropriate. Macro Practice in Health care: seeking empowermentAdvocating for health coverage and health care legislation, policies and resourcesHealth Care policy and problems in the macro environmentThe escalating cost of health care1. The rapid acceleration of technological advances has increased the types of services, drugs, and testing available.2. The population is aging.Unequal access to health careNational health insurance vs. contribution-based health insuranceProblems in managed care Capitation Cost and health-care outcomeCultural competence API cultural: Filial piety Collective versus individual decision making Emphasis on Harmony versus conflict Nonverbal communicationsFatalism Shame at asking for helpInternational perspectives: AIDS-A Global CrisisAIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndromeHIV: human immunodeficiency virusEmpowerment for people living with AIDS victims vs. People living with AIDSSocial work roles and empowerment for people living with AIDSCounseling; Educator; Crisis intervention; Empowerment and reconnection (support system); Family counseling; Broker; Referral and support group; Case managementChapter 9: Social Work and Services in Mental HealthMental Health, Mental illness, and social work roles1. Mental Health is the state of relative psychological and emotional well-being in which an individual can make acceptably rational decisions, cope adequately with personal and external stresses, and maintain satisfactory adjustment to society2. Mental illness (mental disorder) is any of a wide range of psychological, emotional, or cognitive disorders that impair a person's ability to function effectively.Employment settings in mental health for social workersThe Least restrictive setting on a continuum of care: empowering clientsThe most restrictive setting vs. The least restrictive setting1. Inpatient mental and psychiatric hospitalsInpatient means that clients reside in the facility for some period.2. Residential treatment centers for children and adolescentsAn area in which child welfare and mental health overlap is residential treatment centers and group home for children.Technical: positive reinforcement, empathy, feedback, token and point system3. Group home smaller and less restrictive than RTC.4. Psychiatric units in general hospitals:Offer emergency psychiatric care on a temporary inpatient basis for people in crisis5. Outpatient treatment agencies:Provide individual, group, and family counseling for a wide range of mental health and substance abuse problems.Clinic social workers6. Employee assistance program (EAS):Service provided by organizations that focus on workers' mental health and on adjustment problems that interfere with their work performance.Occupational social work: can provide grief counseling, stress and time management, marital problems, child care need, financial issues, retirement planning, and crisis intervention.7. Community mental health centers: a macro response to individual needs。

劳动与社会保障专业词汇汇总劳动经济学Labour Economics/ Industrial Relation Studies 劳动心理学Labor Psychology 福利经济学Welfare Economics 社会政策Social Policy 公共管理Public Management 社会保护Social Protection 劳动法Labour Law 劳动关系Labour Relations 劳动合同Labour Contract 劳资谈判Collective Bargaining 劳资纠纷labor Dispute 劳动统计Labour Statistics 劳动指标Labour Indicators 就业指标Employment Indicators 社会保障指标Social Security Indicators 就业Employment 劳动力labor force经济活动人口Economically Active Population 就业人口Employment Population 在业人口Working Population 劳动力参与率Labor Force Participation Rate 就业登记Employment Registration 再就业Re-employment 非正规就业Informal Employment 灵活就业Flexible Employment 自雇者Self-employment 失业Unemployment / Jobless 失业率Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate 调查失业率Surveyed Unemployment Rate 长期失业Long-term Unemployment 培训Training 职业培训Vocational Training 职业教育Vocational Education Exchange 人力资源Human Resources 人力资本Human Capital 公开招聘Open Recruitment 面试Interview 职位Position 工作经历Work Experience 企业文化Corporate Culture 定位Orientation 工作分析Job Analysis 工资Wages / Income / Salary 工资等级Salary Grade 最低工资Minimum Wages 收入分配Income Distribution 收入差距Income Disparities / Income Gap 职业安全Work Safety 劳动保护Labour Protection 事故预防Accident Prevention 职业病Occupational Disease 社会保障Social Security 社会保障号码Social Security Number 社会保险Social Insurance 劳动保险Labour Insurance 社会保险范围Social Insurance Coverage 社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund缴费Contribution 社会保险待遇Social Insurance Benefits 社会保险待遇享受资格Qualification of Social Insurance 养老保险Old-Age Insurance 老年保障Old-Age Security 社会统筹Social Pooling 个人账户Individual Account 现收现付Pay as You Go 职业年金/企业年金??Annuity Pension / Supplementary Pension / Private Pension 医疗保险Medical Care / Public Health 公费医疗Free Medical Service 大病统筹Social Pooling for Serious Disease 医疗救助Medical Assistance 失业保险Unemployment Insurance 失业保险金Unemployment benefits 生育保险Maternity Insurance 工伤保险Work-related Insurance 工伤康复Injury Rehabilitation 家庭津贴Family Benefit / Family Allowance 社会福利Social Welfare 贫困Poverty 扶贫Poverty Relief / Poverty Alleviation 社会捐助Social Donation 孤儿Orphan 弱势群体Disadvantaged / Vulnerable Population/ Groups 社会工作Social Work 优抚Preferential Treatment 五保Five Guarantees 社会救济Social Relief 最低生活保障minimun living standard guarantee劳资关系union-management relations 雇佣关系employment relations 员工employee 雇主协会manager union 斡旋者councilor 调解者mediator 仲裁者arbitrator 合作cooperation 冲突conflict 力量power 权利right 罢工stike 沟通communication 共同协商negotiation 外购outsourcing 转包contracting out 宽容型accommodative 职位阶梯job ladder 家长制管理paternalistic management 工作生活质量计划quality of work life programs 职务扩大化job enlargement 职务轮换job rotation 职务深度job depth 自主性工作团队autonomous work teams 综合性工作团队integrated work teams 雇员参与计划employee involvement schemes 劳资联合委员会labor-management committees 共同管理计划comanagement arrangement 内部公平制度internal justice system 工会申诉制度union grievance system 雇员持股计划employee stock ownership plans 全面质量管理total quality management 双轨经营战略twin-track business strategy 心理契约psychological contract “非强制“条款non-imposition clause 工会trade union 总工会general union 职业协会professional association 职业工会occupational union 同行工会craft union 白领工会non-manual union 行业工会industrial union 公司工会company union 垄断性行业工会monopoly industrial union 谈判单位bargaining unit 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement 对抗confrontation 休战armed truce 和睦相处working harmony 合作cooperation利润分享计划gainsharing program 授权选举certification election 间接纠察secondary picketing 失业效应unemployment effect 工会巡视员walking delegate 申诉程序grievance procedure 公共部门雇主public sector employer 公共选择理论public choice theory 自由放任主义laissez faire 社团主义corporatism社会正义social justice 维持生活工资living wage 热炉规则hot-stove rule 渐进性惩处progressive discipline 公正与公平fairness and equity 权力与职权power and authority 个人主义individualism 集体主义collectivism 保护者protector 促进者promoter 调停者peace-maker 规划者planner 选举捐款campaign contribution 社会伙伴机制social partnership mechanism 失业政策unemployment policy 收入政策income policy 维持生活工资living wage 小额福利fringe benefit 劳动合同labor contract 体面工作decent work 核心劳动标准core labor standards 工资决定wage determination 计时工hour rated worker 非正规部门informal sector 书面合同written contract 诚实谈判bargain in good faith 正式谈判formal bargaining 协调性谈判coordinated bargaining 合作式谈判cooperative bargaining 让步式谈判concession bargaining和解conciliation 实地调查的fact-finding利益仲裁interest arbitration 常规仲裁conventional arbitration 最后仲裁final arbitration 集体协议collective agreement 小环境niche 国际劳工公约International Labor Organization Convention 劳动统计Labor statistics 变量Variable 补贴Subsidy 长期职工Long-term staff 城乡一体化City and countryside integration 城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate 城镇登记失业人员registered unemployed urbanites 城镇失业率urban unemployment rate 城镇失业人员unemployed persons in urban areas 城镇私营从业人员urban privately operated jobholders 出生率(又称粗出生率) birth rate (crude birth rate) 从业人员Jobholders 简单随机抽样Simple random sampling 奖金Bonus 津贴Allowance 经济活动人口Economically active population 劳动力资源Labor force resources类型抽样?? 分层抽样?? Typical sampling(Stratified sampling) 临时职工Temporary staff 劳动报酬Payment for labor 劳动工资Labor wages 劳动就业Labor employment劳动生产率Labor productivity 劳动收入Labor income 离休人员Retired personnel 离休人员保险福利费用Retired personnel's insurance and welfare expense 卖方市场Seller market 买方市场Buyer market 高失业??High unemployment 低失业??low unemployment 自然失业??natural unemployment 白领失业??White-collar unemployment 高龄失业??Old unemployment 高学历失业??Highly educated unemployment 结构性失业??Structural unemployment 周期性失业??Cyclical unemployment 隐蔽性失业??Disguised Unemployment 摩擦性失业??Frictional unemployment 季节性失业??Seasonal unemployment 教育性失业??Educational unemployment 制度性失业??Institutional unemployment 永久性失业??Permanent unemployment 知识性失业??Intellectual Unemployed 暂时性失业??Temporary unemployment 需求不足型失业?? Unemployment ofinsufficient demand 自愿失业??Voluntary unemployed 非自愿失业??Involuntary unemployment 城镇登记失业?? urban registered unemployment rate 长期失业??Long-term Unemployment 均衡失业??Balanced unemployment 增长型失业??Increasing unemployment 失业率??Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate平均失业率??The average unemployment rate 自然失业率??natural rate of unemployment 原住民登记失业率?? registered unemployment rate in indigenous 最优失业率??也就是自然失业率??natural rate of unemployment?? 调查失业率??Surveyed Unemployment Rate 失业救济??Unemployment Relief 失业津贴??Unemployment benefits 失业保险??unemployment insurance 失业保险金?? Unemployment insurance benefits 失业补助金??Unemployment benefits 失业补偿金??unemployment compensation 失业辅助??Unemployment Guidance 失业赔偿??Unemployment compensation 失业登记?? registration of unemployment 失业保险制度??the unemployment insurance system 失业风险??Unemployment Risk 妇女儿童福利Women and children ' s Welfare 住房公积金??Housing Provident Fund 住房抵押贷款??Housing Mortgage Loan 社会优抚Social Entitle 军人保障Soldier Security 补充保障Additional Security 慈善事业Charity Work ??Philanthropy 社区服务Community Service 企业年金Annuity Pension 商业保险Commercial Insurance 家庭保障Family protection 社会保险型模式The social insurance-type model 福利国家模式The welfare state model 强制储蓄型模式Compulsory savings-type model国家保险型模式National Insurance-model 社会保障基金Social Security Fund 社保基金的来源渠道Sources of Social Security Fund 国家财政拨款State funding 其他渠道Other channels 发行特种国债Issuing special bonds 国际援助International aid 社会保障基金的筹集模式The social security fund-raising mode 现收现付式Pay-as-you-go 完全积累式fully accumulated model 部分积累式partial accumulation model 征税方式Tax form 征费方式Levy way 强制储蓄制Compulsory savings system 自由筹资Free Financing 福利彩票Welfare Lottery 社会募捐Community donation 社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund 社会保险基金的所有权分类The social insurance fund ownership classification 公共基金Public fund 机构基金Institutions Fund 个人基金Personal Fund 养老保险基金Pension Fund 医疗保险基金Medical insurance Fund 失业保险基金Unemployment insurance fund 工伤保险基金Injury Insurance Fund 生育保险基金Maternity Insurance Fund 护理保险基金Care Insurance Fund社会保险基金来源Social insurance fund sources 三方负担Tripartite burden 双方负担Both burden 单方负担Unilateral burden 医疗保险medical care/ public health 大病统筹social pooling for serious disease 免费医疗free medical service 农村合作医疗cooperative medical service in rural areas 离休人员医疗保障medical security for honored retirees 医疗卫生体制health care system 社会医疗救助social medical relief/social medical assistance 医疗保障制度medical insurance system 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees 医疗保险制度改革the reform of the medical insurance system 劳保医疗制度medical labor insurance system 基本医疗保险basic medical insurance 大额医疗费用互助subsidy for big amount of medical expenditure 企业补充医疗保险supplementary medical insurance for enterprise 商业医疗保险commercial medical insurance 多层次医疗保障体系multi-level medical security system 大病风险risk for catastrophic disease 医疗保险覆盖范围medical insurance coverage 卫生部Ministry of Health 卫生所health care center 卫生院community clinic 医务室clinic/infirmary 医疗保险机构medical insurance institutions 商业医疗保险公司commercial medical insurance company 医院信息管理系统information management system for hospitals 专科医院specialized hospitals 综合医院general hospitals 民营医疗机构private medical institutions营利性医疗机构profit-going medical institutions 医院等级hospital grade 定点医疗机构designated medical institution 社区医院community hospital定点药店designated pharmacy/designated drug store 慢性病chronic disease 精神病mental illness医疗保险费medical insurance expenses 基本医疗保险基金basic medicalinsurance fund 企业补充医疗保险基金supplementary medical insurance fund for enterprise 医疗保险信息管理系统medical insurance management information system 医疗补助金medical subsidies 社会统筹social pooling 离退休人员医疗费用统筹social pooling for medical expenditures of retirees 个人帐户individual account医疗保险金medical insurance premium 门诊outpatient service门诊包干reimbursement quotas system for outpatient service charge 门诊病人patients of outpatient department 门诊部outpatient department 门诊费outpatient service charge门诊人次person-times of outpatient service 门诊特殊病种special disease in outpatient service 诊疗项目范围scope of clinic items 诊疗项目管理management of clinic items 急诊费emergency call charge 手术费operation costs 药品费用drugs expenses 补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance 企业补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance for enterprise 多层次养老保障体系multi-level old-age security system 资金来源fund source 个人缴费individual contribution用人单位缴费contribution of the employing units 基金筹集模式the mode of fund collection 缴费确定型defined contribution〔DC〕完全积累式total accumulation model 个人储蓄性养老保险old-age insurance by personal savings 基金收缴contribution collection 企业/ 个人负担比例ratio of corporate/individual responsibility 企业/ 个人缴费率enterprise / individual contribution rate 企业/ 个人缴费额amount of corporate/ individual contribution 个人账户individual account 企业/个人缴费基数bases of corporate/ individual contribution 月平均工资average monthly wage 企业在职职工工资总额total pay-roll of enterprise employees 年金生命表annuity life table 职工福利费workers welfare fund 从成本中列支be listed as a production cost 代扣代缴withhold and remit 待遇支付benefit payment 现金给付cash payment 一次性给付Lump-sum benefit 分期给付staged benefit 给付条件qualifying condition/qualification for benefit 实际缴费年限actual contribution time 法定退休年龄statutory retirement age 提前退休early retirement 正常退休normaldate retirement 累计缴费时间accumulated contribution time待遇水平benefit level 企业年金替代率replacement rate of corporate pension 个人账户基金fund for individual accounts 专项基金special fund 积累基金accumulation funds 个人账户存储额deposit amount of individual accounts 累积数额accumulation amount 个人账户计息利率interest rate for calculation of individual accounts 基金收入revenue of the fund 给付增长率accrual rate of benefit 年金购买率annuity purchase rate 投资运营investment operation 投资组合investment portfolio 投资基金investment fund 年金风险annuity risk 运营收益率return rate of operation保值增值maintenance and appreciation of values 信托trust信托财产/基金trust property/fund 信托受益人beneficiary of trust 信托合同trust contract 〔between corporate and truste〕e 信托关系fiduciary relation 集体协商机制collective consultation system 职工代表大会congress of works representation 职工大会workers congress。

与职业有关的英语单词1.以下是与职业有关的一些英语单词：2.Job - 工作3.Career - 职业生涯4.Profession - 职业5.Occupation - 职业，工作6.Employment - 就业，雇佣7.Work - 工作，劳动8.Employee - 员工，雇员9.Employer - 雇主，雇主方10.Job seeker - 求职者11.Job interview - 面试12.Resume/CV - 简历13.Cover letter - 求职信14.Skills - 技能，能力15.Qualifications - 资格，学历16.Experience - 经验17.Promotion - 升职18.Salary - 薪水，工资19.Benefits - 福利，津贴20.Retirement - 退休21.Resignation - 辞职yoff - 裁员，解雇23.Termination - 终止雇佣24.Part-time - 兼职25.Full-time - 全职26.Contract - 合同27.Deadline - 截止日期28.Office - 办公室29.Workplace - 工作地点，职场30.Colleague - 同事，同僚31.Boss - 老板32.Supervisor - 主管，监管者33.Team - 团队34.Leadership - 领导力working - 社交网络36.Training - 培训37.Mentor - 导师，指导者38.Performance - 绩效，表现39.Workload - 工作负荷40.Job satisfaction - 工作满意度41.Work-life balance - 工作与生活平衡42.Remote work - 远程工作43.Freelancer - 自由职业者44.Entrepreneur - 企业家45.Professional development - 职业发展46.Job market - 就业市场47.Work ethic - 工作道德48.Career advancement - 职业晋升49.Human resources - 人力资源50.Workplace diversity - 职场多样性51.Overtime - 加班52.Teacher - 教师53.Doctor - 医生54.Engineer - 工程师wyer - 律师56.Nurse - 护士57.Accountant - 会计师58.Architect - 建筑师59.Chef - 厨师60.Artist - 艺术家61.Musician - 音乐家62.Writer - 作家63.Actor - 演员64.Singer - 歌手65.Police officer - 警察66.Firefighter - 消防员67.Pilot - 飞行员68.Farmer - 农民69.Fisherman - 渔民70.Carpenter - 木工71.Electrician - 电工72.Plumber - 管道工73.Mechanic - 机械师74.Dentist - 牙医75.Pharmacist - 药剂师76.Librarian - 图书馆员77.Scientist - 科学家78.Economist - 经济学家79.Psychologist - 心理学家80.Journalist - 新闻记者81.Photographer - 摄影师82.Translator - 翻译员83.Salesperson - 销售员84.Receptionist - 接待员85.Secretary - 秘书86.Bus driver - 公交车司机87.Taxi driver - 出租车司机88.Flight attendant - 空乘人员89.Waiter/Waitress - 服务员90.Bartender - 酒保91.Cashier - 收银员92.Cleaner - 清洁工93.Gardener - 园丁94.Lifeguard - 救生员95.Tour guide - 导游96.Dancer - 舞者97.Athlete - 运动员98.CEO - 首席执行官99.Entrepreneur - 企业家100.Social worker - 社工101.Veterinarian - 兽医。

劳动与社会保障专业词汇汇总劳动经济学Labour Economics/ Industrial Relation Studies劳动心理学Labor Psychology福利经济学Welfare Economics社会政策Social Policy公共管理Public Management社会保护Social Protection劳动法Labour Law劳动关系Labour Relations劳动合同Labour Contract劳资谈判Collective Bargaining劳资纠纷labor Dispute劳动统计Labour Statistics劳动指标Labour Indicators就业指标Employment Indicators社会保障指标Social Security Indicators就业Employment劳动力labor force经济活动人口Economically Active Population就业人口Employment Population在业人口Working Population劳动力参与率Labor Force Participation Rate就业登记Employment Registration再就业Re-employment非正规就业Informal Employment灵活就业Flexible Employment自雇者Self-employment失业Unemployment / Jobless失业率Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate调查失业率Surveyed Unemployment Rate长期失业Long-term Unemployment培训Training职业培训Vocational Training职业教育Vocational Education Exchange人力资源Human Resources人力资本Human Capital公开招聘Open Recruitment面试Interview职位Position工作经历Work Experience企业文化Corporate Culture定位Orientation工作分析Job Analysis工资Wages / Income / Salary工资等级Salary Grade最低工资Minimum Wages收入分配Income Distribution收入差距Income Disparities / Income Gap职业安全Work Safety劳动保护Labour Protection事故预防Accident Prevention职业病Occupational Disease社会保障Social Security社会保障号码Social Security Number社会保险Social Insurance劳动保险Labour Insurance社会保险范围Social Insurance Coverage社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund缴费Contribution社会保险待遇Social Insurance Benefits社会保险待遇享受资格Qualification of Social Insurance养老保险Old-Age Insurance老年保障Old-Age Security社会统筹Social Pooling个人账户Individual Account现收现付Pay as You Go职业年金/企业年金??Annuity Pension / Supplementary Pension / Private Pension医疗保险Medical Care / Public Health公费医疗Free Medical Service大病统筹Social Pooling for Serious Disease医疗救助Medical Assistance失业保险Unemployment Insurance失业保险金Unemployment benefits生育保险Maternity Insurance工伤保险Work-related Insurance工伤康复Injury Rehabilitation家庭津贴Family Benefit / Family Allowance社会福利Social Welfare贫困Poverty扶贫Poverty Relief / Poverty Alleviation社会捐助Social Donation孤儿Orphan弱势群体Disadvantaged / Vulnerable Population/ Groups社会工作Social Work优抚Preferential Treatment五保Five Guarantees社会救济Social Relief最低生活保障minimun living standard guarantee劳资关系union-management relations雇佣关系employment relations员工employee雇主协会manager union斡旋者councilor调解者mediator仲裁者arbitrator合作cooperation冲突conflict力量power权利right罢工stike沟通communication共同协商negotiation外购outsourcing转包contracting out宽容型accommodative职位阶梯job ladder家长制管理paternalistic management工作生活质量计划quality of work life programs职务扩大化job enlargement职务轮换job rotation职务深度job depth自主性工作团队autonomous work teams综合性工作团队integrated work teams雇员参与计划employee involvement schemes劳资联合委员会labor-management committees共同管理计划comanagement arrangement内部公平制度internal justice system工会申诉制度union grievance system雇员持股计划employee stock ownership plans全面质量管理total quality management双轨经营战略twin-track business strategy心理契约psychological contract“非强制“条款non-imposition clause工会trade union总工会general union职业协会professional association职业工会occupational union同行工会craft union白领工会non-manual union行业工会industrial union公司工会company union垄断性行业工会monopoly industrial union谈判单位bargaining unit北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement 对抗confrontation休战armed truce和睦相处working harmony合作cooperation利润分享计划gainsharing program授权选举certification election间接纠察secondary picketing失业效应unemployment effect工会巡视员walking delegate申诉程序grievance procedure公共部门雇主public sector employer公共选择理论public choice theory自由放任主义laissez faire社团主义corporatism社会正义social justice维持生活工资living wage热炉规则hot-stove rule渐进性惩处progressive discipline公正与公平fairness and equity权力与职权power and authority个人主义individualism集体主义collectivism保护者protector促进者promoter调停者peace-maker规划者planner选举捐款campaign contribution社会伙伴机制social partnership mechanism 失业政策unemployment policy收入政策income policy维持生活工资living wage小额福利fringe benefit劳动合同labor contract体面工作decent work核心劳动标准core labor standards工资决定wage determination计时工hour rated worker非正规部门informal sector书面合同written contract诚实谈判bargain in good faith正式谈判formal bargaining协调性谈判coordinated bargaining合作式谈判cooperative bargaining让步式谈判concession bargaining和解conciliation实地调查的fact-finding利益仲裁interest arbitration常规仲裁conventional arbitration最后仲裁final arbitration集体协议collective agreement小环境niche国际劳工公约International Labor Organization Convention劳动统计Labor statistics变量Variable补贴Subsidy长期职工Long-term staff城乡一体化City and countryside integration城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate城镇登记失业人员registered unemployed urbanites城镇失业率urban unemployment rate城镇失业人员unemployed persons in urban areas城镇私营从业人员urban privately operated jobholders出生率(又称粗出生率) birth rate (crude birth rate)从业人员Jobholders简单随机抽样Simple random sampling奖金Bonus津贴Allowance经济活动人口Economically active population劳动力资源Labor force resources类型抽样??分层抽样?? Typical sampling(Stratified sampling)临时职工Temporary staff劳动报酬Payment for labor劳动工资Labor wages劳动就业Labor employment劳动生产率Labor productivity劳动收入Labor income离休人员Retired personnel离休人员保险福利费用Retired personnel's insurance and welfare expense 卖方市场Seller market买方市场Buyer market高失业??High unemployment低失业??low unemployment自然失业??natural unemployment白领失业??White-collar unemployment高龄失业??Old unemployment高学历失业??Highly educated unemployment结构性失业??Structural unemployment周期性失业??Cyclical unemployment隐蔽性失业??Disguised Unemployment摩擦性失业??Frictional unemployment季节性失业??Seasonal unemployment教育性失业??Educational unemployment制度性失业??Institutional unemployment永久性失业??Permanent unemployment知识性失业??Intellectual Unemployed暂时性失业??Temporary unemployment需求不足型失业?? Unemployment of insufficient demand自愿失业??Voluntary unemployed非自愿失业??Involuntary unemployment城镇登记失业?? urban registered unemployment rate长期失业??Long-term Unemployment均衡失业??Balanced unemployment增长型失业??Increasing unemployment失业率??Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate平均失业率??The average unemployment rate自然失业率??natural rate of unemployment原住民登记失业率?? registered unemployment rate in indigenous 最优失业率??也就是自然失业率??natural rate of unemployment ??调查失业率??Surveyed Unemployment Rate失业救济??Unemployment Relief失业津贴??Unemployment benefits失业保险??unemployment insurance失业保险金?? Unemployment insurance benefits失业补助金??Unemployment benefits失业补偿金??unemployment compensation失业辅助??Unemployment Guidance失业赔偿??Unemployment compensation失业登记?? registration of unemployment失业保险制度??the unemployment insurance system失业风险??Unemployment Risk妇女儿童福利Women and children ’ s Welfare住房公积金??Housing Provident Fund住房抵押贷款??Housing Mortgage Loan社会优抚Social Entitle军人保障Soldier Security补充保障Additional Security慈善事业Charity Work ??Philanthropy社区服务Community Service企业年金Annuity Pension商业保险Commercial Insurance家庭保障Family protection社会保险型模式The social insurance-type model福利国家模式The welfare state model强制储蓄型模式Compulsory savings-type model国家保险型模式National Insurance-model社会保障基金Social Security Fund社保基金的来源渠道Sources of Social Security Fund国家财政拨款State funding其他渠道Other channels发行特种国债Issuing special bonds国际援助International aid社会保障基金的筹集模式The social security fund-raising mode现收现付式Pay-as-you-go完全积累式fully accumulated model部分积累式partial accumulation model征税方式Tax form征费方式Levy way强制储蓄制Compulsory savings system自由筹资Free Financing福利彩票Welfare Lottery社会募捐Community donation社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund社会保险基金的所有权分类The social insurance fund ownership classification 公共基金Public fund机构基金Institutions Fund个人基金Personal Fund养老保险基金Pension Fund医疗保险基金Medical insurance Fund失业保险基金Unemployment insurance fund工伤保险基金Injury Insurance Fund生育保险基金Maternity Insurance Fund护理保险基金Care Insurance Fund社会保险基金来源Social insurance fund sources三方负担Tripartite burden双方负担Both burden单方负担Unilateral burden医疗保险medical care/ public health大病统筹social pooling for serious disease免费医疗free medical service农村合作医疗cooperative medical service in rural areas离休人员医疗保障medical security for honored retirees医疗卫生体制health care system社会医疗救助social medical relief/social medical assistance医疗保障制度medical insurance system城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees 医疗保险制度改革the reform of the medical insurance system劳保医疗制度medical labor insurance system基本医疗保险basic medical insurance大额医疗费用互助subsidy for big amount of medical expenditure企业补充医疗保险supplementary medical insurance for enterprise商业医疗保险commercial medical insurance多层次医疗保障体系multi-level medical security system大病风险risk for catastrophic disease医疗保险覆盖范围medical insurance coverage卫生部Ministry of Health卫生所health care center卫生院community clinic医务室clinic/infirmary医疗保险机构medical insurance institutions商业医疗保险公司commercial medical insurance company医院信息管理系统information management system for hospitals专科医院specialized hospitals综合医院general hospitals民营医疗机构private medical institutions营利性医疗机构profit-going medical institutions医院等级hospital grade定点医疗机构designated medical institution社区医院community hospital定点药店designated pharmacy/designated drug store慢性病chronic disease精神病mental illness医疗保险费medical insurance expenses基本医疗保险基金basic medical insurance fund企业补充医疗保险基金supplementary medical insurance fund for enterprise 医疗保险信息管理系统medical insurance management information system 医疗补助金medical subsidies社会统筹social pooling离退休人员医疗费用统筹social pooling for medical expenditures of retirees 个人帐户individual account医疗保险金medical insurance premium门诊outpatient service门诊包干reimbursement quotas system for outpatient service charge门诊病人patients of outpatient department门诊部outpatient department门诊费outpatient service charge门诊人次person-times of outpatient service门诊特殊病种special disease in outpatient service诊疗项目范围scope of clinic items诊疗项目管理management of clinic items急诊费emergency call charge手术费operation costs药品费用drugs expenses补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance企业补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance for enterprise多层次养老保障体系multi-level old-age security system资金来源fund source个人缴费individual contribution用人单位缴费contribution of the employing units基金筹集模式the mode of fund collection缴费确定型defined contribution〔DC〕完全积累式total accumulation model个人储蓄性养老保险old-age insurance by personal savings基金收缴contribution collection企业/ 个人负担比例ratio of corporate/individual responsibility企业/ 个人缴费率enterprise / individual contribution rate企业/ 个人缴费额amount of corporate/ individual contribution个人账户individual account企业/个人缴费基数bases of corporate/ individual contribution月平均工资average monthly wage企业在职职工工资总额total pay-roll of enterprise employees年金生命表annuity life table职工福利费workers welfare fund从成本中列支be listed as a production cost代扣代缴withhold and remit待遇支付benefit payment现金给付cash payment一次性给付Lump-sum benefit分期给付staged benefit给付条件qualifying condition/qualification for benefit实际缴费年限actual contribution time法定退休年龄statutory retirement age提前退休early retirement正常退休normal date retirement累计缴费时间accumulated contribution time待遇水平benefit level企业年金替代率replacement rate of corporate pension个人账户基金fund for individual accounts专项基金special fund积累基金accumulation funds个人账户存储额deposit amount of individual accounts累积数额accumulation amount个人账户计息利率interest rate for calculation of individual accounts 基金收入revenue of the fund给付增长率accrual rate of benefit年金购买率annuity purchase rate投资运营investment operation投资组合investment portfolio投资基金investment fund年金风险annuity risk运营收益率return rate of operation保值增值maintenance and appreciation of values信托trust信托财产/基金trust property/fund信托受益人beneficiary of trust信托合同trust contract 〔between corporate and trustee〕信托关系fiduciary relation集体协商机制collective consultation system职工代表大会congress of works representation职工大会workers congress。

社会工作专业外语词汇第一篇：社会工作专业外语词汇individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.（个人，家庭，团体，组织和社区）discrimination（歧视）poverty（贫困）social problems.（社会问题）• socialjustice（社会正义）• dignity and worth of the person（人的尊严和价值）importance ofhumanrelationships（人际关系的重要性）integrity（诚信）• competence.（能力）Socialassistance社会救助the core of social work（社会工作的核心）address social problems.（解决社会问题）social problems.（社会问题）promote, restore, maintain, and enhance（..促进,恢复,保持和加强...）professional expertise.（专业经验）specific legal obligations（具体的法律义务）Self—Determination（自决）identify and clarify（确定和澄清）professional relationship（专业关系）professional experience.（专业经验）Social Diversity（社会多样性）political belief（政治信仰）ConflictsofInterest（利益冲突）Privacy and Confidentiality（隐私与保密）legally authorized body（法律授权机构）social work licensure.（社会工作执照）Termination of Services（终止服务）Referral（转介）social work practice.（社会工作实务）professional functions（专业职能）professional credentials（专业认证）Evaluation and Research（评估和研究）social policies（社会政策）Valuesystem价值体系thepurposeoftheservice服务的目的professionalcredential专业认证publicrelation公共关系theobjectivefact客观事实subjectivefeeling主观感受politicalorientation政治取向publicareas 公共区域socialsystems 社会制度socialsupport 社会支持socialstatus社会地位Socialorganization 社会组织accesstorecords 访问记录theethicalstandardsoftheprofession 行业道德标准第二篇：园林专业外语词汇园林专业外语词汇大全主入口大门/岗亭main entrance gate/guard 每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit house(for vehicle & pedestrian)篮球场basketball court 次入口/岗亭2nd entrance gate/guard house 网球场tennis court(for vehicle & pedestrian)阶梯坐台 terracing seatwall 商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.广场 main plaza 水景water feature森林forest garden 小型露天剧场 mini amphi-theatre 迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck(viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza 露天咖啡廊out door café巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature-2 木桥timber bridge洞穴grotto 吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地(低处)lounging terrace(lower)休憩台地(高处)lounging terrace(upper)特色踏步 feature stepping stone 野趣小溪 river wild 儿童乐园 children's playground 旱冰道slide 羽毛球场 badminton court 旱景dry landscape 日艺园 Japanese garden 旱喷泉 dry fountain 观景台viewing deck 游泳池swimming pool 极可意Jacuzzi 嬉水池wading pool 儿童泳池 children's pool 蜿蜒水墙 winding wall 石景雕塑 rock sculpture 中心广场 central plaza 健身广场 exercise plaza 交流广场 meditating plaza 趣味树阵 tree battle formation 停车场parking area 特色花架trellis 雕塑小道 sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区 putting green 高尔夫球会所 golf clubhouse 石景园 rockery garden 旱溪 dry stream 凉亭Pavilion 户外淋浴outdoor shower 拉膜结构 tensile structure 台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场 parking(golf car)健身站exercise station 晨跑小路jogging footpath 车道/人行道driveway/sidewalk 人行漫步道 promenade 瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场)water fall anddancing fountain(entry plaza)特色入口entry feature石景广场 rockery plaza 园林学Landscape architecture gardenarchitecture 造园学 Garden making, landscape gardening 环境园艺学Environmental horticulture 观赏园艺学Ornamental horticulture 园林艺术 garden art 园林美学 Garden aesthetics 园林建筑学Garden architecture 园林建筑Garden building 园林工程Garden engineering 园林植物Landscape plant 观赏植物Ornamental plant 盆景 Miniature landscape,penjing 园林 Garden and park 园林学史History Of garden architecture 园林规划Garden planning,landscapingplanning 园林设计Garden design 园林机具设备Gardening machine 园林管理Garden management 园林生态Landscape ecology绿化 greening,planting 环境绿化 Environmental greening 绿地面积Green area 绿地率Ratio Of green space 城市绿化覆盖率Urban Green coverage 工厂绿化Factory greening,factory gardening 街道绿化Street greening,street planting 车行道绿化Driveway greening 分车带绿化 Dividing Stripe greening 人行道绿化 Sidewalk greening 群众绿化 Mass Planting movement 郊区绿化Suburban greening 公路绿化Highway greening 铁路绿化Railway greening,railway planting 堤岸种植 Bank planting 阳台绿化 Balcony greening 窗台绿化 window-sill greening 屋顶绿化 Roof greening 垂直绿化 Vertical greening 攀缘绿化 Climber greening 桥头绿化 Bridgehead greening 花园garden 专类花园Specified flower garden 花园村Garden village 园林城市 Landscape garden city 蔷薇园Rose garden 松柏园 Conifer garden 球根园 Bulb garden 宿根园 Perennial garden 假山园 Rock garden,Chinese rockery 狩猎场Hunting ground 街心花园Street crossing center garden 小游园Petty Street garden 水景园 Water garden 铺地园 Paved garden 野趣园 Wild plants botanical garden 野生植物园 Wild plants garden 乡趣园 Rustic garden 盆景园 Penjing garden,miniature land-scape 动物园 zoo,zoological garden 墓园 Cemetery garden 沼泽园 Bog and marsh garden 水生植物园Aquatic plants garden 学校园School garden 室内花园 Indoor garden 芳香花园 Fragrant garden 盲人花园 Garden for the blind 公园park,Public park城市公园 City park,urban park 区公园 Regional park 儿童公园Children park 体育公园 Sports park 森林公园 Forest park 纪念公园Memorial park烈士纪念公园 Martyr memorial park 综合公园 Comprehensive park 文化公园 Cultural park文化休憩公园Cultural and recreation park 中央公园Central park 天然公园 Natural park海滨公园Seaside park,seabeach park 古迹公园Historic site park 河滨公园 Riverside park 湖滨公园 Lakeside park路边公园Roadside park,street park 娱乐公园Amusement park 雕塑公园 Sculpture park 休憩公园 Recreation park 疗养公园Sanatorium park 国家公园 National park邻里公园Neighborhood park 特种公园Special park 植物园Botanical garden 植物公园 abeled plants park 高山植物园 alpine garden热带植物园 tropical plants garden药用植物园 medical plants garden,herb garden绿地 green space公共绿地 Public green space 单位绿地 Unit green area 城市绿地 Urban green space街道广场绿地Street and square green area 居住区绿地Residential quarter green area 防护绿地Green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地 Suburban green space 街坊绿地 Residential block green belt 附属绿地 Attached green space 生产绿地Productive plantation area 苗圃nursery 风景landscape,scenery 自然景观Natural landscape 人文景观Human landscape,scenery of humanities 草原景观 Prairie landscape 山岳景观Mountain landscape,alpine landscape 地理景观Geographical landscape 湖泊景观Lake view 郊区景观Suburban landscape 地质景观Geological landscape 喀斯特景观Karst landscape 植物景观 Plants landscape,flora landscape 中国古典园林Classical Chinese garden 中国传统园林Traditional Chinese garden 中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden 皇家园林 Royal garden 私家园林 Private garden 江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典园林 Western classical garden 英国式园林English style garden 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林Italian style garden 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden 法兰西式园林 French style garden 勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notre's style garden 文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 园林专业词汇2 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden 庄园 manor,villa garden 廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio 绿廊 xystus 迷阵 maze,labyrinth 灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫E-Pang Palace 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 华清官 Hua-Qing Palace艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden 悬园 Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景view,scenery,feature 远景 Distant view 近景 Nearby view 障景Obstructive scenery,blocking view 借景Borrowed scenery,view borrowing 对景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place 缩景Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery 漏景Leaking through scenery 框景 Enframed scenery 尾景 Terminal feature 主景 Main feature副景Secondary feature 配景Objective view 夹景Vista line,vista 前景 Front view 背景 background景序 Order of sceneries 景点 Feature spot,view spot 仰视景观Upward landscape 俯视景观Downward landscape 季相景观Seasonal phenomena气象景观 Meteorological diversity scenery 视野 Visual field秋色 Fall color,autumn color 园林空间 Garden space 开敞空间Wide open space, wide space 封闭空间Enclosure space 意境artistic conception,poetic imagery 苍古antiquity 空灵spaciousness,airiness 动观in-motion viewing 静观in-position viewing 视错觉Visual illusion 园林艺术布局 Artistic layout of garden 对称平衡Symmetrical balance 不对称平衡 Asymmetrical balance 左右对称Bilateral symmetry 辐射对称 Radial symmetry 透景线 Perspective line 轴线axis,axial line 主轴Main axis 副轴Auxiliary axis 暗轴Hidden axis,invisible axis 树冠线skyline 园林色彩艺术Art of garden colors 单色谐调Monochromatic harmony 复色谐调Compound chromatic harmony 对比色突出Contrast colors accent 近似色谐调 Approximate colors harmony 暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color 色感 Color sense 城市绿地系统规划 Urban green space system planning 绿地系统 Green space system 公共绿地定额Public green space quota 公共绿地指标Public green space norm 绿地布局 Green space layout 吸引圈Attractive circle 吸引距离Attractive distance 有效半径Effective radius 绿地资源Green space resource 绿地效果Green space effect 绿地规划程序 Planning procedure of the green space 空间规划Space planning 形象规划Image plan 实施规划Implementary plan 必要生活空间 Necessary living space 余暇生活空间 Leisure time living space 利用频度 Usage frequency 树种规划 Planning of trees and shrubs 绿地类型 Typeof green space 环状绿型 Annular green space 块状绿地 Green plot 点状绿地 Green spot放射状绿地 Radiate green space楔状绿地 wedge-shaped green space 缓冲绿地 Buffer green space 防音绿地Noiseproof green space 科学景观论Scientific landscape theory 园林保留地Reserve garden 公园规划park planning园林总体规划Garden master planning 总平面规划Site planning 园林分区 Garden zoning 安静休息区 Tranquil rest area 儿童活动区 Children playing space儿童游戏场Children playground, playlot 体育运动区Sports activities area 野餐区 Picnic place散步区 Pedestrian space群众集会区Mass meeting square 观赏植物区Ornamental plants area观赏温室区Display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 草坪区 Lawn space绿荫区 Shade tree section历史古迹区 Historical relics area青少年活动区 Youngsters activities area 诱鸟区 Bird sanctuary area 钓鱼区 Fishing center 野营区 Camp site游人中心 Visitors center 服务中心 Service center探险游乐场Adventure ground 文化活动区Cultural activitiesarea道路系统 Approach system, road system 环形道路系统 Circular road system 方格形道路系统 Latticed road system 放射形道路系统Radiate road system 自然式道路系统 Informal road system 规整式道路系统Formal road system 混合式道路系统Mixed style road system 园林规划图 Garden planning map 园林规划说明书 Garden planning direction 城市公园系统Urban park system 公园分布Distribution of parks 公园类型 Park type, park category 公园间距Distance between parks 公园形式Park styles 游览区Excursion area, open-to-public area 非游览区 no-admittance area 办公区Administrative area 服务区Service center 动休息区Dynamic rest space 静休息区Static rest space 娱乐演出区Entertaining performance place 主要入口Main entrance 次要入口Secondary entrance 人流量Visitors flowrate 车流量 Vehicle flowrate 公园道路 parkroad 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio 游人容纳量Visitors capacity 风景资源调查Landscape resource evaluation 风景学scenicology 风景规划Landscape plan 风景设计Landscape design 游览路线Touring route 旅游资源 Tourism resource 旅游地理 Tourism geography 旅游地质 Tourism geology 历史名城 Famous historical city 文化名城Famous cultural city 文化遗址Ancient cultural relic 天然博物馆Natural open museum 风景地貌 naturalgeomorphology 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration 风景区Scenic spot, scenic area风景名胜 Famous scenery, famous scenic site特异景观风景区 Specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区 Scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区Alpine scenic spot 海滨风景区Seabeach scenic spot 森林风景区 Forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区 Alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区 Valley scenic spot江河风景区River landscape district 湖泊风景区Lake round scenic spot 温泉风景区Hot spring scenic spot 瀑布风景区Waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区 Region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting封山育林区 Region closed for afforestation天池风景区Crater lake scenic spot 自然保护区Nature protection area科学保护区 Protection area for scientific research天然纪念物 Natural monument生物圈保护区Biosphere protection area 园林设计师Landscape architect, garden designer园址测量图 Garden site survey map 地形图 Topographic map, contour map 种植设计 Planting design地形改造设计 Topographical reform design种植大样图 detailplanting design 造价分析 Cost analysis 园林形式 Garden style规整式园林 Formal garden style 非规整园林 Informal garden style 几何式园林 Geometric garden style园林专业(高等学校专业英语系列教材)目录：Part Ⅰ Landsca pe Architecture Interpretation（第一部分：园林的概述）LESSON 1 THE PRACTICE AND PROFESSION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTUREReading Material The Three Stakes LESSON 2 LANDSCAPE MEANINGSReading Material Landscape InterpretationPart Ⅱ History of Landscape Architecture（第二部分：园林历史）LESSON 3 PARADISE ON EARTH: THE ISLAMIC GARDENReading Material Islamic Gardens of Spain LESSON 4 GARDENS OF SIXTEENTHSTRUCTURE UNITYReading Material Is Sustainable Attainable? LESSON 13 PARK AND BOUNDLESS SPACEReading Material Spatial Development LESSON 14 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Reading Material Eco-City Plans LESSON 15 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENTReading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene(Part one)LESSON 16 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE PRIMEVAL ENVIRONMENTReading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene(Part two)Part Ⅴ 20th Century Landscape Architecture Practice第五部分：20世纪园林实践LESSON 17 AN ECOLOGY OF DESIGN Reading Material Forstering Living Landscape LESSON 18 TOWARDS A NEW LANDSCAPE PRACTICE Reading Material A Parks, Botanical gardens, Festival gardens: Germany Reading Material B Barcelona and the Resurgence of Spain APPENDIX A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNET SITES APPENDIX B PROFESSIONAL INTERNET SITES第三篇：外语经贸类词汇外语经贸类词汇澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment 规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in(government)organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system;income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMAAdministrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council 亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement asof January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food动物源食品EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略：C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重(customs declaration)报关单EA(each)每个，各W(with)具有w/o(without)没有FAC(facsimile)传真IMP(import)进口EXP（export）出口MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的M/V（merchant vessel）商船S.S(steamship)船运MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨DOC(document)文件、单据INT（international）国际的P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表INV(invoice)发票PCT(percent)百分比REF（reference）参考、查价EMS（express mail special）特快传递STL.(style)式样、款式、类型T或LTX或TX(telex)电传RMB（renminbi）人民币S/M（shipping marks）装船标记PR或PRC(price)价格PUR(purchase)购买、购货S/C（sales contract）销售确认书L/C（letter of credit）信用证B/L（bill of lading）提单FOB（free on board）离岸价CIF（cost, insurance & freight）成本、保险加运费价GMO(genetically modified organism)转基因组织CAGA(compound annual growth average)年复合增长率第四篇：会计专业外语账目词汇帐目名词一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents 现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金Other cash and cashequivalents外埠存款Other city Cash in bank 银行本票Cashier”s cheque 银行汇票Bank draft 信用卡Credit card信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投资款Refundable deposits 短期投资Short-term investments 股票Short-term investmentscorporatebonds基金Short-term investmentsother短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收账款Account receivable其他应收款Other notes receivable 坏账准备Bad debt reserves 预付账款Advance money应收补贴款Cover deficit by statesubsidies of receivable 库存资产Inventories物资采购Supplies purchasing 原材料Raw materials 包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-value consumptiongoods材料成本差异Materials cost variance 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price委托加工物资Work in process-outsourced委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks股票投资Investment on stocks其他股权投资Other investment on stocks 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds债券投资Investment on bonds其他债权投资Other investment on bonds 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor”s rights investment depreciation reserves委托贷款Entrust loans 本金Principal 利息Interest减值准备Depreciation reserves 固定资产Fixed assets 房屋Building 建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment 运输设备Transportation facilities 工具器具Instruments and implement累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves工程物资Project goods and material 专用材料Special-purpose material 专用设备Special-purpose equipment 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process 安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程Technical innovation project 大修理工程General overhaul project 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets无形资产Intangible assets 专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names 著作权Copyrights 土地使用权Tenure 商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income 待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or incomeaccountant genaral会计主任account balancde结平的帐户account bill帐单account books帐account classification帐户分类account current往来帐account form of balance sheet帐户式资产负债表account form of profit and loss statement帐户式损益表account payable应付帐款account receivable应收帐款account of payments支出表account of receipts收入表account title帐户名称，会计科目accounting year或financial year会计accounts payable ledger应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specifictime periods ,typically one year（通常是一年）资产负债表：balance sheet可以不大写b 利润表：income statements(or statements of income)利润分配表：retained earnings 现金流量表：cash flows二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability短期借款Short-term borrowing 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance 应付账款Account payable 预收账款Deposit received代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue 应付工资Accrued wages 应付福利费Accrued welfarism 应付股利Dividends payable 应交税金Tax payable应交增值税value added tax payable 进项税额Withholdings on VAT 已交税金Paying tax转出未交增值税Unpaid VATchangeover减免税款Tax deduction销项税额Substituted money on VAT 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover未交增值税Unpaid VAT 应交营业税Business tax payable应交消费税Consumption tax payable 应交资源税Resources tax payable 应交所得税Income tax payable应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable应交房产税Housing property tax payable 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license platetax(VVULPT)payable应交个人所得税Personal income taxpayable其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying其他应付款Other payables预提费用Drawing expense in advance 其他负债Other liabilities待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value预计负债Anticipation liabilities 长期负债Long-term Liabilities 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year应付债券Bonds payable债券面值Face value, Par value 债券溢价Premium on bonds 债券折价Discount on bonds 应计利息Accrued interest长期应付款Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year 递延税款Deferral taxes所有者权益类OWNERS” EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital 实收股本Paid-up stock已归还投资Investment Returned 公积资本公积Capital reserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock)premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital其他资本公积Other capital reserve 盈余公积Surplus reserves法定盈余公积Legal surplus任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund 储备基金Reserve fund企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润Profits本年利润Current year profits 利润分配Profit distribution其他转入Other chengeover in提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers” bonus andwelfare fund利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change toassets(or stock)未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost生产成本Cost of manufacture 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture 制造费用Manufacturing overhead 材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance 补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare 会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling 通讯费Correspondence 电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam 税费Taxes and dues 租赁费Rent 管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance 油料费Vehicles maintenance 培训费Education and training 接待费Entertainment 图书、印刷费Books and printing 运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium 支付手续费Commission 杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption 劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入Sales revenue 服务收入Service revenue 其他业务收入Other operating revenue 材料销售Sales materials 代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income 长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 补贴收入Subsidize revenue。

第一次社会检查 The society investigates家庭暴力 Domestic violence人在情境中 Person in situation弱势集体 disadvantaged groups社会公德 social morality青少年越轨与矫治Juvenile Delinquency & Correction心理咨询Psychological CounselingDrug abuse吸毒Abandonment 遗弃第二次Abnormal behavior异样行为Abortion打胎流产Adjustment problem适应问题Alleviation减少缓解和缓Bachelor of social work社会工作学士Broken family/ broken marriage破裂的婚姻、家庭Capitalism资本主义Capitalist societyCapitalist mode of production资本主义生产方式Community involvement 社区参加 (participation) Community integration社区整合第三次Rational-emotive therapy理性情绪疗法Marginalize边沿化Vulnerable柔弱的Vulnerable groupsthe Charity Organization Society慈善组织协会social exclusion社会排挤social integration社会交融social assistance社会救援social security社会保障rate of unemployment失业率第四次Role conflict角色矛盾Role ambiguity角色模糊Stimulate刺激Inherent固有的Incompatible不相容的Appropriate 占用 ; 适合的Collaboration合作Therapist理疗学家Tolerate忍耐Filial piety孝道第五次Financial assistance经济救助Feminist女权主义者Feminism 女权主义Fertility生育Fertility policy生育政策Fertility rate生育率Formal-recourses system正规资源系统Pension养老金退休金Fund-raising activity筹款活动Genetic theory基因理论Compensation 补偿Primary election初选General election大选Democratic party民主党Republican party共和党第六次Constitutional宪法的 , 切合宪法的 The Conservative Party守旧党The Labor Party工党Gross domestic product国内生产总值Enhancing security提升保障水平Household income家庭收入Economic shock经济冲击Human capital人力资本Public sector公共部门Public health公共健康第七次Help-seeking process求援过程Hearing-loss失聪Home for the aged老人院安老院Home-based rehabilitation service家居痊愈服务Human nature人性Innovative创新的Innovation创新Intellectual capacity智力World Trade Organization世界贸易组织Intervention strategy干涉策略第八次Interview schedule面谈程序Interpersonal interaction人际互动Intimacy亲近Isolation孤独Intolerance不容忍Juvenile青少年Juvenile delinquency青少年犯法Liberal democracy自由民主制Malnutrition营养不良Manifest behavior外显行为第九次Negotiation磋商交涉Neighborhood 街坊Parents association家长会Parenting skills group父亲母亲技巧小组Peer supervision平辈督导Personality disorder人品阻碍Physical abuse身体凌虐Pleasure principle享福原则Policy implementation政策实行政策履行。

社工工作心得体会6篇（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如报告范文、策划方案、鉴定材料、心得体会、条据书信、合同协议、规章制度、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as report templates, planning plans, appraisal materials, insights, evidence letters, contract agreements, rules and regulations, teaching materials, essay encyclopedias, and other sample essays. If you would like to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please pay attention!社工工作心得体会6篇认真写好心得体会可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用写作技巧，从而提高写作的流畅性和连贯性，通过心得体会，我们能够更好地发现和利用自己的优势，下面是本店铺为您分享的社工工作心得体会6篇，感谢您的参阅。

Profess ional English for Social Work课程导入:社会工作究竟是一门什么样的课程？我们为什么要学习社会工作？学习它有什么用？对社会工作有多少了解？请说出你所知道的社会工作概念。

请说出你所知道的社会工作学者。

请说出你所知道的社会工作著作。

请你说说社会工作和社会学是什么关系。

一个简单的说明:《社会工作：专业英语》是社会工作的基础理论学科，也是社会工作的必修课程。

本课程的教学安排旨在提供基本的概念和理论知识，是进入社会工作领域高阶学习的基础。

Chapter One Social work: IntroductionPart 1、专业知识点学习-句子1、Social work is a profession that focuses particularly on helping people.2、Social work helps people to solve their personal, family and community problems.3、Social work emphasizes human values.4、Social work practice is an art with a scientific and value foundation.5、The family is often regarded as the case in social work.6、Social work has distinctive professional bodies.7、The relationship is the key in the social work process.8、Most social workers are employed in agency settings.9、Traditionally social workers have provided services and therapy for individuals and families.10、The basic functions of social work are intertwined and interdependent.11、Most social workers are on fixed salaries.12 、Fees are utilized for the welfare of the agency.13 、We find that people are still center of the world and its values.14 、As people live together, problems of relationship and interaction emerge.15 、Fifteen-second ads channeled into our homes are common.16 、Use of drugs is on the increase around the world.17 、”computer criminals” are on the scene18 、The school counselor and the social worker share much in common.19 、In one sense, social work is a part of marriage counseling.20 、Social work today is utilized in a variety of settings and agencies.Part 2、专业知识点学习-翻译1、有些人将咨询员的角色与作用和社会工作者的角色与作用混为一谈。

what is social work?“The social work profession专业 promotes促进 social change， problem—solving in human relationships，and the empowerment许可,授权and liberation释放,解放of people to enhance提高，加强 well-being幸福，幸福感，福利。

Utilising使用,利用 theories of human behaviour and social systems， social work intervenes干预，介入 at points在点 where people interact with与相互作用 their environments. Principles原则 of human rights人权and social justice司法 are fundamental to对~是必要的 social work."Nature of the WorkSocial work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people lives。

Social workers help people function(动词)运行the best way they can in their environment，deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see看见，理解 clients案主 who face a life—threatening重度，致命的disease疾病 or a social problem， such as inadequate不足的 housing， unemployment， a serious illness， a disability残疾，丧失能力的, or substance abuse药物滥用。

劳动与社会保障专业词汇汇总•劳动经济学Labour Economics/ Industrial Relation Studies •劳动心理学Labor Psychology•福利经济学Welfare Economics•社会政策Social Policy•公共管理Public Management•社会保护Social Protection•劳动法Labour Law•劳动关系Labour Relations•劳动合同Labour Contract•劳资谈判Collective Bargaining•劳资纠纷labor Dispute•劳动统计Labour Statistics•劳动指标Labour Indicators•就业指标Employment Indicators•社会保障指标Social Security Indicators•就业Employment•劳动力labor force•经济活动人口Economically Active Population•就业人口Employment Population•在业人口Working Population•劳动力参与率Labor Force Participation Rate•就业登记Employment Registration•再就业Re-employment•非正规就业Informal Employment•灵活就业Flexible Employment•自雇者Self-employment•失业Unemployment / Jobless•失业率Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate•城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate•调查失业率Surveyed Unemployment Rate•长期失业Long-term Unemployment•培训Training•职业培训V ocational Training•职业教育V ocational Education•职业技能鉴定Appraisal of vocational skills•资格证书Certification•职业介绍Employment Exchange•人力资源Human Resources•人力资本Human Capital•公开招聘Open Recruitment•面试Interview•职位Position•工作经历Work Experience•企业文化Corporate Culture•定位Orientation•工作分析Job Analysis•工资Wages / Income / Salary•工资等级Salary Grade•最低工资Minimum Wages•收入分配Income Distribution•收入差距Income Disparities / Income Gap•职业安全Work Safety•劳动保护Labour Protection•事故预防Accident Prevention•职业病Occupational Disease•社会保障Social Security•社会保障号码Social Security Number•社会保险Social Insurance•劳动保险Labour Insurance•社会保险范围Social Insurance Coverage•社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund•缴费Contribution•社会保险待遇Social Insurance Benefits•社会保险待遇享受资格Qualification of Social Insurance•养老保险Old-Age Insurance•老年保障Old-Age Security•社会统筹Social Pooling•个人账户Individual Account•现收现付Pay as You Go•职业年金（企业年金）Annuity Pension / Supplementary Pension / Private Pension •医疗保险Medical Care / Public Health•公费医疗Free Medical Service•大病统筹Social Pooling for Serious Disease•医疗救助Medical Assistance•失业保险Unemployment Insurance•失业保险金Unemployment benefits•生育保险Maternity Insurance•工伤保险Work-related Insurance•工伤康复Injury Rehabilitation•家庭津贴Family Benefit / Family Allowance•社会福利Social Welfare•贫困Poverty•扶贫Poverty Relief / Poverty Alleviation•社会捐助Social Donation•孤儿Orphan•弱势群体Disadvantaged / Vulnerable Population/ Groups •社会工作Social Work•优抚Preferential Treatment•五保Five Guarantees•社会救济Social Relief•最低生活保障minimun living standard guarantee•劳资关系union-management relations•雇佣关系employment relations•员工employee•雇主协会manager union•斡旋者councilor•调解者mediator•仲裁者arbitrator•合作cooperation•冲突conflict•力量power•权利right•罢工stike•沟通communication•共同协商negotiation•外购outsourcing•转包contracting out•宽容型accommodative•职位阶梯job ladder•家长制管理paternalistic management•工作生活质量计划quality of work life programs•职务扩大化job enlargement•职务轮换job rotation•职务深度job depth•自主性工作团队autonomous work teams•综合性工作团队integrated work teams•雇员参与计划employee involvement schemes•劳资联合委员会labor-management committees•共同管理计划comanagement arrangement•内部公平制度internal justice system•工会申诉制度union grievance system•雇员持股计划employee stock ownership plans•全面质量管理total quality management•双轨经营战略twin-track business strategy•心理契约psychological contract•“非强制“条款non-imposition clause•工会trade union•总工会general union•职业协会professional association•职业工会occupational union•同行工会craft union•白领工会non-manual union•行业工会industrial union•公司工会company union•垄断性行业工会monopoly industrial union•谈判单位bargaining unit•北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement •对抗confrontation•休战armed truce•和睦相处working harmony•合作cooperation•利润分享计划gainsharing program•授权选举certification election•间接纠察secondary picketing•失业效应unemployment effect•工会巡视员walking delegate•申诉程序grievance procedure•公共部门雇主pubilc sector employer•公共选择理论pubilc choice theory•自由放任主义laissez faire•社团主义corporatism•社会正义social justice•维持生活工资living wage•热炉规则hot-stove rule•渐进性惩处progressive discipline•公正与公平fairness and equity•权力与职权power and authority•个人主义individualism•集体主义collectivism•保护者protector•促进者promoter•调停者peace-maker•规划者planner•选举捐款campaign contribution•社会伙伴机制social partnership mechanism•失业政策unemployment policy•收入政策income policy•维持生活工资living wage•小额福利fringe benefit•劳动合同labor contract•体面工作decent work•核心劳动标准core labor standards•工资决定wage determination•计时工hour rated worker•非正规部门informal sector•书面合同written contract•诚实谈判bargain in good faith•正式谈判formal bargaining•协调性谈判coordinated bargaining•合作式谈判cooperative bargaining•让步式谈判concession bargaining•和解conciliation•实地调查的fact-finding•利益仲裁interest arbitration•常规仲裁conventional arbitration•最后仲裁final arbitration•集体协议collective agreement•小环境niche•国际劳工公约International Labor Organization Convention•劳动统计Labor statistics•变量V ariable•补贴Subsidy•长期职工Long-term staff•城乡一体化City and countryside integration•城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate•城镇登记失业人员registered unemployed urbanites•城镇失业率urban unemployment rate•城镇失业人员unemployed persons in urban areas•城镇私营从业人员urban privately operated jobholders•出生率(又称粗出生率) birth rate (crude birth rate)•从业人员Jobholders•简单随机抽样Simple random sampling•奖金Bonus•津贴Allowance•经济活动人口Economically active population•劳动力资源Labor force resources•类型抽样（分层抽样）Typical sampling(Stratified sampling)•临时职工Temporary staff•劳动报酬Payment for labor•劳动工资Labor wages•劳动就业Labor employment•劳动生产率Labor productivity•劳动收入Labor income•离休人员Retired personnel•离休人员保险福利费用Retired personnel's insurance and welfare expense•卖方市场Seller market•买方市场Buyer market•高失业：High unemployment•低失业：low unemployment•自然失业：natural unemployment•白领失业：White-collar unemployment•高龄失业：Old unemployment•高学历失业：Highly educated unemployment•结构性失业：Structural unemployment•周期性失业：Cyclical unemployment•隐蔽性失业：Disguised Unemployment•摩擦性失业：Frictional unemployment•季节性失业：Seasonal unemployment•教育性失业：Educational unemployment•制度性失业：Institutional unemployment•永久性失业：Permanent unemployment•知识性失业：Intellectual Unemployed•暂时性失业：Temporary unemployment•需求不足型失业：Unemployment of insufficient demand•自愿失业：V oluntary unemployed•非自愿失业：Involuntary unemployment•城镇登记失业：urban registered unemployment rate•长期失业：Long-term Unemployment•均衡失业：Balanced unemployment•增长型失业：Increasing unemployment•失业率：Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate•平均失业率：The average unemployment rate•自然失业率：natural rate of unemployment•原住民登记失业率：registered unemployment rate in indigenous •最优失业率：也就是自然失业率（natural rate of unemployment ）•调查失业率：Surveyed Unemployment Rate•失业救济：Unemployment Relief•失业津贴：Unemployment benefits•失业保险：unemployment insurance•失业保险金：Unemployment insurance benefits•失业补助金：Unemployment benefits•失业补偿金：unemployment compensation•失业辅助：Unemployment Guidance•失业赔偿：Unemployment compensation•失业登记：registration of unemployment•失业保险制度：the unemployment insurance system•失业风险：Unemployment Risk•妇女儿童福利Women and children’s Welfare•住房公积金：Housing Provident Fund•住房抵押贷款：Housing Mortgage Loan•社会优抚Social Entitle•军人保障Soldier Security•补充保障Additional Security•慈善事业Charity Work ；Philanthropy•社区服务Community Service•企业年金Annuity Pension•商业保险Commercial Insurance•家庭保障Family protection•社会保险型模式The social insurance-type model•福利国家模式The welfare state model•强制储蓄型模式Compulsory savings-type model•国家保险型模式National Insurance-model•社会保障基金Social Security Fund•社保基金的来源渠道Sources of Social Security Fund•国家财政拨款State funding•其他渠道Other channels•发行特种国债Issuing special bonds•国际援助International aid•社会保障基金的筹集模式The social security fund-raising mode•现收现付式Pay-as-you-go•完全积累式fully accumulated model•部分积累式partial accumulation model•征税方式Tax form•征费方式Levy way•强制储蓄制Compulsory savings system•自由筹资Free Financing•福利彩票Welfare Lottery•社会募捐Community donation•社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund•社会保险基金的所有权分类The social insurance fund ownership classification •公共基金Public fund•机构基金Institutions Fund•个人基金Personal Fund•养老保险基金Pension Fund•医疗保险基金Medical insurance Fund•失业保险基金Unemployment insurance fund•工伤保险基金Injury Insurance Fund•生育保险基金Maternity Insurance Fund•护理保险基金Care Insurance Fund•社会保险基金来源Social insurance fund sources•三方负担Tripartite burden•双方负担Both burden•单方负担Unilateral burden•医疗保险medical care/ public health•大病统筹social pooling for serious disease•免费医疗free medical service•农村合作医疗cooperative medical service in rural areas•离休人员医疗保障medical security for honored retirees•医疗卫生体制health care system•社会医疗救助social medical relief/social medical assistance•医疗保障制度medical insurance system•城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees •医疗保险制度改革the reform of the medical insurance system•劳保医疗制度medical labor insurance system•基本医疗保险basic medical insurance•大额医疗费用互助subsidy for big amount of medical expenditure•企业补充医疗保险supplementary medical insurance for enterprise•商业医疗保险commercial medical insurance•多层次医疗保障体系multi-level medical security system•大病风险risk for catastrophic disease•医疗保险覆盖范围medical insurance coverage•卫生部Ministry of Health•卫生所health care center•卫生院community clinic•医务室clinic/infirmary•医疗保险机构medical insurance institutions•商业医疗保险公司commercial medical insurance company•医院信息管理系统information management system for hospitals•专科医院specialized hospitals•综合医院general hospitals•民营医疗机构private medical institutions•营利性医疗机构profit-going medical institutions•医院等级hospital grade•定点医疗机构designated medical institution•社区医院community hospital•定点药店designated pharmacy/designated drug store•慢性病chronic disease•精神病mental illness•医疗保险费medical insurance expenses•基本医疗保险基金basic medical insurance fund•企业补充医疗保险基金supplementary medical insurance fund for enterprise •医疗保险信息管理系统medical insurance management information system•医疗补助金medical subsidies•社会统筹social pooling•离退休人员医疗费用统筹social pooling for medical expenditures of retirees•个人帐户individual account•医疗保险金medical insurance premium•门诊outpatient service•门诊包干reimbursement quotas system for outpatient service charge •门诊病人patients of outpatient department•门诊部outpatient department•门诊费outpatient service charge•门诊人次person-times of outpatient service•门诊特殊病种special disease in outpatient service•诊疗项目范围scope of clinic items•诊疗项目管理management of clinic items•急诊费emergency call charge•手术费operation costs•药品费用drugs expenses•补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance•企业补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance for enterprise •多层次养老保障体系multi-level old-age security system•资金来源fund source•个人缴费individual contribution•用人单位缴费contribution of the employing units•基金筹集模式the mode of fund collection•缴费确定型defined contribution〔DC〕•完全积累式total accumulation model•个人储蓄性养老保险old-age insurance by personal savings•基金收缴contribution collection•企业/个人负担比例ratio of corporate/individual responsibility •企业/个人缴费率enterprise / individual contribution rate•企业/个人缴费额amount of corporate/ individual contribution •个人账户individual account•企业/个人缴费基数bases of corporate/ individual contribution •月平均工资average monthly wage•企业在职职工工资总额total pay-roll of enterprise employees•年金生命表annuity life table•职工福利费workers welfare fund•从成本中列支be listed as a production cost•代扣代缴withhold and remit•待遇支付benefit payment•现金给付cash payment•一次性给付Lump-sum benefit•分期给付staged benefit•给付条件qualifying condition/qualification for benefit•实际缴费年限actual contribution time•法定退休年龄statutory retirement age•提前退休early retirement•正常退休normal date retirement•累计缴费时间accumulated contribution time•待遇水平benefit level•企业年金替代率replacement rate of corporate pension•个人账户基金fund for individual accounts•专项基金special fund•积累基金accumulation funds•个人账户存储额deposit amount of individual accounts•累积数额accumulation amount•个人账户计息利率interest rate for calculation of individual accounts •基金收入revenue of the fund•给付增长率accrual rate of benefit•年金购买率annuity purchase rate•投资运营investment operation•投资组合investment portfolio•投资基金investment fund•年金风险annuity risk•运营收益率return rate of operation•保值增值maintenance and appreciation of values•信托trust•信托财产/基金trust property/fund•信托受益人beneficiary of trust•信托合同trust contract〔between corporate and trustee〕•信托关系fiduciary relation•集体协商机制collective consultation system•职工代表大会congress of works representation•职工大会workers congress。

社区工作者英语作文(中英文实用版)Community workers play a vital role in society, acting as a bridge between the government and the residents.They are dedicated individuals who strive to improve the well-being of the community they serve.In this English essay, we will explore the significance of community workers and their impact on society.社区工作者在社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，他们成为了政府与居民之间的纽带。

这些致力于提升所服务社区福祉的奉献者们，在本篇英语作文中，我们将探讨社区工作者的意义及其对社会的深远影响。

The essay begins with an introduction to the role of community workers, highlighting their responsibilities such as organizing events, providing assistance to the needy, and facilitating communication within the community.It is through their efforts that a sense of unity and harmony is fostered among community members.文章首先介绍了社区工作者的角色，突出了他们的职责，如组织活动、向有需要的人提供帮助以及促进社区内的沟通等。

正是通过他们的努力，社区成员之间才能培养出团结与和谐的氛围。

一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolutionand counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formationprocess政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Politicalobligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Politicalaction committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(andPesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Politicalintegratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration ofIndependence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Primeministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidentialsystem总罢工Generalstrike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Conventionoftheconstitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive partysystem竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Selectcommittee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice 教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government 联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’A etat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’sorganization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin●解散议会社会工作：social work●社会工作者：socialworker●案主：client●个案社会工作：socialcase work●团体社会工作：socialgroup/team work●社区社会工作：socialcommunity work●社会工作导论：Theintroduction ofsocial work●社会工作实务：socialwork practice●做好事的人：do-gooders●预防贫穷协会:theSociety for thePrevention of Pauperism●慈善组织协会:the CharityOrganization Society●睦邻运动:the settlementmovement●汤恩比馆:Toybee Hall●霍尔馆:Hull House●《社会保障法案》:SocialSecurity Act●《济贫法》:The Elizabeth PoorLaw●《社会诊断》:Social Diagnosis●全美社会工作者协会：theNational Association of SocialWorkers●社会福利：social welfare●人类行为的生态学模式：Ecological model of humanbehavior●人类行为的医学模式： MedicalModel of Human Behavior●人格紊乱： personalitydisorders●客观事实：objective facts●主观感受：subjective feelings●问题觉醒：problem awareness●家庭暴力：domestic violence●老年人虐待 elder abuse●遗弃： abandonment●忽视：neglect●吸毒：addiction disorders●社会学概论：Introduction toSociololgy●社会问题：social issues●社会调查：social research●弱势群体：Vulnerable groups●/a disadvantaged minority●独身子女： the only child●单亲家庭：a single parent family农民工：migrant workers●社会排斥：social exclusion●社会融合：social integration●社会救助：social assistance●功能主义：functionalistperspective●镜中我：looking-glass self●机械团结:mechanical solidarity●越轨：delinquency●矫治： Correction●社会调查的理论与方法 Theories& Methods for SocialInvestigation●社会调查方法 Methods forSocial Investigation●社会工作 Social Work●社会统计分析与SYSTAT应用Social Statistics Analysis &SYSTAT Application●社会统计学 Social Statistics●社会问题研究 Research onSocial Problems●社会心理学 Social Psychology●社会学概论 Introduction toSociololgy●社会学简论 Brief Introductionto Sociology●社会学理论专题 Current Issuesin Theories of Socilolgy●社会学问题研究 Research onProblems of Sociology●社会学研究方法 ResearchMethods of Sociology●社会主义财政学 Finance ofSocialism●社会主义各国政，经体制讨论Discussion on Political &Economic Systems in Socialism ●社会学 Sociology●社会工作者 Social worker●案主 Client●社会问题 Social problem●社会心理 Social mental state ●社会调查 The societyinvestigates●个案社会工作 Social cases work ●团体社会工作 Social group work ●社区社会工作 social Communitywork●社工导论 The introdution ofsocial work●社会调查应用 the applicationfor society investigates●家庭暴力 Domestic violence●失恋 Disappoint in love●人在情境中 Person in situation ●弱势群体 disadvantaged groups ●社会保障 social security●社会福利制度the socialwelfare system●社会公德 social morality●单亲家庭 single parent family ●独生子女 the only child●失业率 rate of unemployment ●民工 the imigrant worker●社会学概论 Introduction toSociology●社会工作概论 Introduction toSocial Work●社会心理学 Social Psychology ●国外社会学学说 SociologicalTheories in the West●社会调查与研究方法 SocialSurvey & Research Method●社会统计与计算机应用 SocialStatistics and Application ofComputer●马克思主义社会学经典著作选读Selected Readings ofMarxist-Leninist Classics●社会保障与社会福利 SocialSecurity & Social Welfare●当代社会学理论 ModernSociological Theories●社会政策 Social Policy ●文化人类学CulturalAnthropology●中国社会思想史History of SocialTheories in China●人口社会学Sociology ofPopulation●农村社会学 RuralSociology●城市社会学 UrbanSociology●家庭社会学Sociology of Family●发展社会学Sociology ofDevelopment●经济社会学Economic Sociology●组织社会学Sociology ofOrganization●专业英语 Englishfor Sociology●社会学专题讲座Issues of Sociology●民俗学 FolkloreStudies●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●宗教社会学Sociology ofReligion●教育社会学Sociology ofEducation●越轨与犯罪社会学Sociology ofDeviance & Crime●当代社会的生活文化Life Style in CurrentSociety●西方社会思想史History of WesternSocial Thought●社会问题 SocialProblems●社会分层与社会流动SocialStratification &Mobility●科学社会学Sociology ofEducation●社会项目评估和统计指标 StatisticalIndexes & uation ofSocial Projects●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●历史社会学Historical Sociology●政治社会学 PoliticalSociology●法律社会学 Sociology of Law●环境社会学 Sociology ofEnvironment●劳动社会学 Sociology of Labor●公共关系 Public Relations●团体工作 Group Work●社区工作 Community Work●社会工作实习 Practice ofSocial Work●社会行政 SocialAdministration●数据分析技术 StatisticalPackage & Applications for theSocial Sciences●贫困与发展 Poverty andDevelopment●社会性别研究 Gender Studies●家庭社会工作 Family SocialWork●临床社会工作 Clinical SocialWork●社会立法 Social lagislation●老年社会工作 GerontologicalSocial Work●青少年越轨与矫治 JuvenileDelinquency & Correction●社区服务 Community Services●心理咨询 PsychologicalCounseling●整合社会工作实务 IntegrativeSocial Work Practice●社会工作专业英语 English forSocial Work●保险与信托 Insurance andEntrustment●教学实习 Teaching Practice●管理学 Management Theory● Administration 行政● Basic assumptions andprinciples of ~ 行政的基本假定与原则● Collaboration in 行政工作的合并● In community organization 社区组织中的行政● Consultation in 行政咨询● Defined 行政的定义● Importancy of 行政的重要性● Interagency coopration 行政的重要性● Shifting power in 行政分权● Supervision in 行政督导● social workers'club 社工俱乐部● Administration in social work(journal ) 《社会工作行政》（杂志）● Adolescents 青少年● Drug abuse and 吸毒与青少年● Health care services 青少年卫生保健服务● Pregnancy and 怀孕与青少年● Suicide and 自杀与青少年● Adoption 领养● Applicants for 申请领养人● Indepengdent placements 独立安置● Open 公开领养● Sa fe families act 《领养与安全家庭法案》sDissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。

Absent father 缺席父亲Absent mother 缺席母亲Active choice 主动选择Adverse selection 逆向选择Additional pension 附加养老金Annuities 年金，养老金Adoption 收养Adopting Institutions 收养机构Adult literacy rate 成人识字率Birth rate 人口出生率 Ageism 年龄歧视Case services 个案服务Casework 个案工作Ageing 老龄化 Aging Population 老龄人口 Aging of population 人口老龄化Baby boom 婴儿潮、生育高峰Assessment 评估Assimilation 同化Asymmetry 不对称Assistance program for medical care 医疗救助Compulsory education 义务教育Commercial insurance 商业保险Balance of trade 贸易平衡Bond 债券Cash 现金Capital Market 资本市场Capitalization process 货币化进程Benefits 福利待遇Administration 行政管理Association 协会Beneficiary 受益人、受惠者Almshouse 贫民院，救济所Build a moderately prosperous society in all respects 全面建设小康社会Capital Construction 基本建设Civil society 公民社会Clinical social work 临床社会工作Centralization 集权Class 阶级Closed system 封闭系统Decentralization 分权Deficit 赤字Democratic socialism 民主社会主义Charity organization society 慈善组织协会Charity programs 慈善事业Community 社区Community Development 社区建设、社区发展Community participation 社区参与Community service 社区服务Community Services Centers 社区服务中心Community-based organization（CBO）社区基层组织Civil Affairs 民政事务Created environment 人造文化Cultural pluralism 文化多元主义Culture of poverty贫困文化Cross-cultural perspective跨文化视角Cultural relativism文化相对主义Defined benefit (DB) 确定给付型Defined contribution (DC) 确定缴费型Disadvantaged groups 弱势群体Disabled Children 残疾儿童Disabled Staff 残疾职工Disaster prevention 防灾Disaster reduction 减灾Disaster relief 救灾Economic depression 经济萧条Economic recession 经济衰退Economic effect 经济效应Employee welfare 职工福利Employee welfare design 职工福利设计Gender inequality性别不平等Gender order性别秩序Gender socialization 性别社会化Gender Studies 社会性别研究Gerontological social work 老年社会工作Gerontology老年学Human resource manager 人力资源经理Human resources 人力资源Income 收入Income distribution system 收入分配制度Income maintenance programs 收入维持计划Income redistribution 收入再分配Internationalization 国际化Informal (or natural) helping networks非正式救助网络Informal organization 非正式组织Labor market 劳动力市场Labor relations 劳动关系Life expectancy 预期寿命Life span寿命New Deal新经济政策New type of rural cooperative medical care system 新型农村合作医疗Nuclear family 核心家庭Orphan 孤儿People with physical and mental disabilities 残疾人Number of Beds 床位数Nursing insurance 护理保险Occupational diseases 职业病Personal employee retirement accounts 个人退休账户Personal social services 个人社会服务Public finance 公共财政Public goods 公共物品Public health service system 公共卫生服务体系Public health 公共卫生Public hospitals 公立医院Public housing 公共住房Public opinion公众舆论Public pension 公共养老金Public sector 公共部门Public social programs 公共社会计划Public Debt 公债Public Goods 公共产品Real estate industry 房地产业Real estate market 房地产市场Retire 退休Retiree 退休人员School-age children 学龄儿童Security for education 教育保障Service for elderly 老年服务 Single parent family 单亲家庭Special education 特殊教育Surplus labor剩余劳动力Surviving spouse 未亡配偶The elderly 老人Risk management 风险管理Risk select 风险选择Risk society 风险社会Risk 风险State welfare model 国家福利模式The minimum livelihood guarantee system 最低生活保障制度Temporary assistance system 临时救助制度The housing accumulation fund system 住房公积金制度The old-age insurance system 养老保险制度The social security system in urban areas 城镇社会保障体系The system of medical insurance for urban workers 城镇职工医疗保险制度Unworthy poor 穷人不配Worthy poor 值得穷人Urban community-based medical and health service system 城市社区医疗服务体系Urban ecology 城市生态学Urban 城市的Urbanization 城市化Welfare dependency 福利依赖Welfare Lottery 福利彩票Welfare state model 福利国家模式。

劳动与社会保障专业词汇汇总• 劳动经济学Labour Economics/ Industrial Relation Studies• 劳动心理学Labor Psychology• 福利经济学Welfare Economics• 社会政策Social Policy• 公共管理Public Management• 社会保护Social Protection• 劳动法Labour Law• 劳动关系Labour Relations• 劳动合同Labour Contract• 劳资谈判Collective Bargaining• 劳资纠纷labor Dispute• 劳动统计Labour Statistics• 劳动指标Labour Indicators • 就业指标Employment Indicators• 社会保障指标Social Security Indicators• 就业Employment• 劳动力labor force• 经济活动人口Economically Active Population• 就业人口Employment Population• 在业人口Working Population• 劳动力参与率Labor Force Participation Rate• 就业登记Employment Registration• 再就业Re-employment• 非正规就业Informal Employment• 灵活就业Flexible Employment• 自雇者Self-employment• 失业Unemployment / Jobless• 失业率Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate• 城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate• 调查失业率Surveyed Unemployment Rate• 长期失业Long-term Unemployment• 培训Training• 职业培训V ocational Training• 职业教育V ocational Education• 职业技能鉴定Appraisal of vocational skills• 资格证书Certification• 职业介绍Employment Exchange• 人力资源Human Resources• 人力资本Human Capital1•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 公开招聘Open Recruitment 面试Interview 职位Position 工作经历Work Experience 企业文化Corporate Culture 定位Orientation 工作分析Job Analysis 工资Wages / Income / Salary 工资等级Salary Grade 最低工资Minimum Wages 收入分配Income Distribution 收入差距Income Disparities / Income Gap 职业安全Work Safety 劳动保护Labour Protection 事故预防Accident Prevention 职业病Occupational Disease 社会保障Social Security 社会保障号码Social Security Number 社会保险Social Insurance 劳动保险Labour Insurance 社会保险范围Social Insurance Coverage 社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund 缴费Contribution 社会保险待遇Social Insurance Benefits 社会保险待遇享受资格Qualification of Social Insurance 养老保险Old-Age Insurance 老年保障Old-Age Security 社会统筹Social Pooling 个人账户Individual Account 现收现付Pay as Y ou Go 职业年金（企业年金）Annuity Pension / Supplementary Pension / Private Pension 医疗保险Medical Care / Public Health 公费医疗Free Medical Service 大病统筹Social Pooling for Serious Disease 医疗救助Medical Assistance 失业保险Unemployment Insurance 失业保险金Unemployment benefits 生育保险Maternity Insurance 工伤保险Work-related Insurance 工伤康复Injury Rehabilitation 家庭津贴Family Benefit / Family Allowance 社会福利Social Welfare 贫困Poverty 扶贫Poverty Relief / Poverty Alleviation 2••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 社会捐助Social Donation 孤儿Orphan 弱势群体Disadvantaged / Vulnerable Population/ Groups 社会工作Social Work 优抚Preferential Treatment 五保Five Guarantees 社会救济Social Relief 最低生活保障minimun living standard guarantee 劳资关系union-management relations 雇佣关系employment relations 员工employee 雇主协会manager union 斡旋者councilor 调解者mediator 仲裁者arbitrator 合作cooperation 冲突conflict 力量power 权利right 罢工stike 沟通communication 共同协商negotiation 外购outsourcing 转包contracting out 宽容型accommodative 职位阶梯job ladder 家长制管理paternalistic management 工作生活质量计划quality of work life programs 职务扩大化job enlargement 职务轮换job rotation 职务深度job depth 自主性工作团队autonomous work teams 综合性工作团队integrated work teams 雇员参与计划employee involvement schemes 劳资联合委员会labor-management committees 共同管理计划comanagement arrangement internal justice system 工会申诉制度union grievance system 雇员持股计划employee stock ownership plans 全面质量管理total quality management 双轨经营战略twin-track business strategy 心理契约psychological contract “非强制“条款non-imposition clause 工会trade union 3••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 总工会general union 职业协会professional association 职业工会occupational union 同行工会craft union 白领工会non-manual union 行业工会industrial union 公司工会company union 垄断性行业工会monopolyindustrial union 谈判单位bargaining unit 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement 对抗confrontation 休战armed truce 和睦相处working harmony 合作cooperation 利润分享计划gainsharing program 授权选举certification election 间接纠察secondary picketing 失业效应unemployment effect 工会巡视员walking delegate 申诉程序grievance procedure 公共部门雇主pubilc sector employer 公共选择理论pubilc choice theory 自由放任主义laissez faire 社团主义corporatism 社会正义social justice 维持生活工资living wage 热炉规则hot-stove rule 渐进性惩处progressive discipline 公正与公平fairness and equity 权力与职权power and authority 个人主义individualism 集体主义collectivism 保护者protector 促进者promoter 调停者peace-maker 规划者planner 选举捐款campaign contribution 社会伙伴机制social partnership mechanism 失业政策unemployment policy 收入政策income policy 维持生活工资living wage 小额福利fringe benefit 劳动合同labor contract 体面工作decent work 4••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 核心劳动标准core labor standards 工资决定wage determination 计时工hour rated worker 非正规部门informal sector 书面合同written contract 诚实谈判bargain in good faith 正式谈判formal bargaining 协调性谈判coordinated bargaining 合作式谈判cooperative bargaining 让步式谈判concession bargaining 和解conciliation 实地调查的fact-finding 利益仲裁interest arbitration 常规仲裁conventional arbitration 最后仲裁final arbitration 集体协议collective agreement 小环境niche 国际劳工公约International Labor Organization Convention 劳动统计Labor statistics 变量V ariable 补贴Subsidy 长期职工Long-term staff 城乡一体化City and countryside integration 城镇登记失业率urban registered unemployment rate 城镇登记失业人员registered unemployed urbanites 城镇失业率urban unemployment rate 城镇失业人员unemployed persons in urban areas 城镇私营从业人员urban privately operated jobholders 出生率(又称粗出生率) birth rate (crude birth rate) 从业人员Jobholders 简单随机抽样Simple random sampling 奖金Bonus 津贴Allowance 经济活动人口Economically active population 劳动力资源Labor force resources 类型抽样（分层抽样）Typical sampling(Stratified sampling) 临时职工Temporary staff 劳动报酬Payment for labor 劳动工资Labor wages 劳动就业Labor employment 劳动生产率Labor productivity 劳动收入Labor income 离休人员Retired personnel 离休人员保险福利费用Retired personnel’s insurance and welfare expense 5••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 卖方市场Seller market 买方市场Buyer market 高失业：High unemployment 低失业：low unemployment 自然失业：natural unemployment 白领失业：White-collar unemployment 高龄失业：Old unemployment 高学历失业：Highly educated unemployment 结构性失业：Structural unemployment 周期性失业：Cyclical unemployment 隐蔽性失业：Disguised Unemployment 摩擦性失业：Frictional unemployment 季节性失业：Seasonal unemployment 教育性失业：Educational unemployment 制度性失业：Institutional unemployment 永久性失业：Permanent unemployment 知识性失业：Intellectual Unemployed 暂时性失业：Temporary unemployment 需求不足型失业：Unemployment of insufficientdemand 自愿失业：V oluntary unemployed 非自愿失业：Involuntary unemployment 城镇登记失业：urban registered unemployment rate 长期失业：Long-term Unemployment 均衡失业：Balanced unemployment 增长型失业：Increasing unemployment 失业率：Unemployment Rate / Jobless Rate 平均失业率：The average unemployment rate 自然失业率：natural rate of unemployment 原住民登记失业率：registered unemployment rate in indigenous 最优失业率：也就是自然失业率（natural rate of unemployment ）调查失业率：Surveyed Unemployment Rate 失业救济：Unemployment Relief 失业津贴：Unemployment benefits 失业保险：unemployment insurance 失业保险金：Unemployment insurance benefits 失业补助金：Unemployment benefits 失业补偿金：unemployment compensation 失业辅助：Unemployment Guidance 失业赔偿：Unemployment compensation 失业登记：registration of unemployment 失业保险制度：the unemployment insurance system 失业风险：Unemployment Risk 妇女儿童福利Women and children’s Welfare 住房公积金：Housing Provident Fund 6•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 住房抵押贷款：Housing Mortgage Loan 社会优抚Social Entitle 军人保障Soldier Security 补充保障Additional Security 慈善事业Charity Work ；Philanthropy 社区服务Community Service 企业年金Annuity Pension 商业保险Commercial Insurance 家庭保障Family protection 社会保险型模式The social insurance-type model 福利国家模式The welfare state model 强制储蓄型模式Compulsory savings-type model 国家保险型模式National Insurance-model 社会保障基金Social Security Fund 社保基金的来源渠道Sources of Social Security Fund 国家财政拨款State funding 其他渠道Other channels 发行特种国债Issuing special bonds 国际援助International aid 社会保障基金的筹集模式The social security fund-raising mode 现收现付式Pay-as-you-go 完全积累式fully accumulated model 部分积累式partial accumulation model 征税方式Tax form 征费方式Levy way 强制储蓄制Compulsory savings system 自由筹资Free Financing 福利彩票Welfare Lottery 社会募捐Community donation 社会保险基金Social Insurance Fund 社会保险基金的所有权分类The social insurance fund ownership classification 公共基金Public fund 机构基金Institutions Fund 个人基金Personal Fund 养老保险基金Pension Fund 医疗保险基金Medical insurance Fund 失业保险基金Unemployment insurance fund 工伤保险基金Injury Insurance Fund 生育保险基金Maternity Insurance Fund 护理保险基金Care Insurance Fund 社会保险基金来源Social insurance fund sources 三方负担Tripartite burden 双方负担Both burden 单方负担Unilateral burden 7•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 医疗保险medical care/ public health 大病统筹social pooling for serious disease 免费医疗free medical service 农村合作医疗cooperative medical service in rural areas 离休人员医疗保障medical security for honored retirees 医疗卫生体制health care system 社会医疗救助social medical relief/social medical assistance 医疗保障制度medical insurance system 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees 医疗保险制度改革the reform of the medical insurance system 劳保医疗制度medical labor insurance system 基本医疗保险basic medical insurance 大额医疗费用互助subsidy for big amount of medical expenditure 企业补充医疗保险supplementary medical insurance for enterprise 商业医疗保险commercial medical insurance 多层次医疗保障体系multi-level medical security system 大病风险risk for catastrophic disease 医疗保险覆盖范围medical insurance coverage 卫生部Ministry of Health 卫生所health care center 卫生院community clinic 医务室clinic/infirmary 医疗保险机构medical insurance institutions 商业医疗保险公司commercial medical insurance company 医院信息管理系统information management system for hospitals 专科医院specialized hospitals 综合医院general hospitals 民营医疗机构private medical institutions 营利性医疗机构profit-going medical institutions 医院等级hospital grade 定点医疗机构designated medical institution 社区医院community hospital 定点药店designated pharmacy/designated drug store 慢性病chronic disease 精神病mental illness 医疗保险费medical insurance expenses 基本医疗保险基金basic medical insurance fund 企业补充医疗保险基金supplementary medical insurance fund for enterprise 医疗保险信息管理系统medical insurance management information system 医疗补助金medical subsidies 社会统筹social pooling 离退休人员医疗费用统筹social pooling for medical expenditures of retirees 个人帐户individual account 医疗保险金medical insurance premium 8••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 门诊outpatient service 门诊包干reimbursement quotas system for outpatient service charge 门诊病人patients of outpatient department 门诊部outpatient department 门诊费outpatient service charge 门诊人次person-times of outpatient service 门诊特殊病种special disease in outpatient service 诊疗项目范围scope of clinic items 诊疗项目管理management of clinic items 急诊费emergency call charge 手术费operation costs 药品费用drugs expenses 补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance 企业补充养老保险supplementary old-age insurance for enterprise 多层次养老保障体系multi-level old-age security system 资金来源fund source 个人缴费individual contribution 用人单位缴费contribution of the employing units 基金筹集模式the mode of fund collection 缴费确定型defined contribution〔DC〕完全积累式total accumulation model 个人储蓄性养老保险old-age insurance by personal savings 基金收缴contribution collection 企业/个人负担比例ratio of corporate/individual responsibility 企业/个人缴费率enterprise / individual contribution rate 企业/个人缴费额amount of corporate/ individual contribution 个人账户individual account 企业/个人缴费基数bases of corporate/ individual contribution 月平均工资average monthly wage 企业在职职工工资总额total pay-roll of enterprise employees 年金生命表annuity life table 职工福利费workers welfare fund 从成本中列支be listed as a production cost 代扣代缴withhold and remit 待遇支付benefit payment 现金给付cash payment 一次性给付Lump-sum benefit 分期给付staged benefit 给付条件qualifying condition/qualification for benefit 实际缴费年限actual contribution time 法定退休年龄statutory retirement age 提前退休early retirement 正常退休normal date retirement 累计缴费时间accumulated contribution time 9• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 待遇水平benefit level 企业年金替代率replacement rate of corporate pension 个人账户基金fund for individual accounts 专项基金special fund 积累基金accumulation funds 个人账户存储额deposit amount of individual accounts 累积数额accumulation amount 个人账户计息利率interest rate for calculation of individual accounts 基金收入revenue of the fund 给付增长率accrual rate of benefit 年金购买率annuity purchase rate 投资运营investment operation 投资组合investment portfolio 投资基金investment fund 年金风险annuity risk 运营收益率return rate of operation 保值增值maintenance and appreciation of values 信托trust 信托财产/基金trust property/fund 信托受益人beneficiary of trust 信托合同trust contract 〔between corporate and trustee〕信托关系fiduciary relation 集体协商机制collective consultation system 职工代表大会congress of works representation 职工大会workers congress 10。