基于单片机的计数器设计.doc

基于51单片机的电子计数器一．什么是电子计数器？电子计数器是利用数字电路技术数出给定时间内所通过的脉冲数并显示计数结果的数字化仪器。

二．基本组成：电子计数器主要由输入电路、比较电路、时间基准电路、控制电路和计数显示电路等部分组成。

1.输入电路：电子计数器的输入电路主要有三个作用，一是阻抗变换，二是电压放大，三是整形，所以它有三个组成部分。

阻抗变换的目的是通过提高输入端的阻抗来减小对被测信号源的分流，常用晶体管射极跟随器或场效应管源极跟随器来实现。

电压放大采用输入放大器，它们除需具有一定的放大倍数外，还需要有较宽的通频带，以保证电子计数器有一定的灵敏度和测量范围。

整形电路的作用是对被测量整形，使输至比较电路入口的波形规整化，成为前、后沿较陡的矩形脉冲，以保证计数电路能被可靠地触发，整形电路常用施密特触发器来实现。

2.比较电路：电子计数器的比较电路是由一个与门电路来实现被测信号（如频率）与标准时间信号的比较的。

3.时间基准电路（时基电路）：电子计数器是用比较法进行测量的，也就是将被测信号与一系列标准时间信号进行比较。

4.控制电路：控制电路是电子计数器的指挥系统，在控制电路所送出的各种控制信号的指挥下，协调计数器各单元电路的工作。

5.计数显示电路：电子计数器的计数电路是对来自闸门的脉冲个数／N进行计数，并将计数结果用数字显示出来的仪器。

为了提高计数器的测量速度，并使每一次测得的数据段相对稳定地显示出来，常在计数电路后加上寄存器，用来暂时寄存测量所得的数据。

6.自校：自校是电子计数器对其内部基准信号源进行测量的一种功能，可借以检查自身的逻辑功能是否正常。

三．如何实现？实现计数功能，比较方便的办法是利用单片机内部的定时/计数器。

也可以采用下面三种方法：1.采用时基电路计数：例如采用555电路，外接必要的元器件（电阻和电容），即可构成硬件电路。

但不可编程。

2.采用可编程芯片计数：这种定时芯片的定时值及定时范围很容易用软件来确定和修改，此种芯片定时功能强，使用灵活。

第一章前言频率测量是电子学测量中最为基本的测量之一。

由于频率信号抗干扰性强，易于传输，因此可以获得较高的测量精度。

随着数字电子技术的发展，频率测量成为一项越来越普遍的工作，测频原理和测频方法的研究正受到越来越多的关注。

1.1频率计概述数字频率计是计算机、通讯设备、音频视频等科研生产领域不可缺少的测量仪器。

它是一种用十进制数字显示被测信号频率的数字测量仪器。

它的基本功能是测量正弦信号、方波信号及其他各种单位时间内变化的物理量。

在进行模拟、数字电路的设计、安装、调试过程中，由于其使用十进制数显示，测量迅速，精确度高，显示直观，经常要用到频率计。

传统的频率计采用测频法测量频率，通常由组合电路和时序电路等大量的硬件电路组成，产品不但体积大，运行速度慢而且测量低频信号不准确。

本次采用单片机技术设计一种数字显示的频率计，测量准确度高，响应速度快，体积小等优点[1]。

1.2频率计发展与应用在我国，单片机已不是一个陌生的名词，它的出现是近代计算机技术的里程碑事件。

单片机作为最为典型的嵌入式系统，它的成功应用推动了嵌入式系统的发展。

单片机已成为电子系统的中最普遍的应用。

单片机作为微型计算机的一个重要分支，其应用范围很广，发展也很快，它已成为在现代电子技术、计算机应用、网络、通信、自动控制与计量测试、数据采集与信号处理等技术中日益普及的一项新兴技术，应用范围十分广泛。

其中以AT89S52为内核的单片机系列目前在世界上生产量最大，派生产品最多，基本可以满足大多数用户的需要[2]。

1.3频率计设计内容利用电源、单片机、分频电路及数码管显示等模块，设计一个简易的频率计能够粗略的测量出被测信号的频率。

参数要求如下：1．测量范围10HZ—2MHZ；2．用四位数码管显示测量值；第二章系统总体方案设计2.1测频的原理测频的原理归结成一句话，就是“在单位时间内对被测信号进行计数”。

被测信号，通过输入通道的放大器放大后，进入整形器加以整形变为矩形波，并送入主门的输入端[3]。

摘要近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透和大规模集成电路的发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，它具有功能强，体积小，功耗低，价格便宜，工作可靠，使用方便等特点，因此特别适合于与控制有关的系统，越来越广泛地应用于自动控制，智能化仪器，仪表，数据采集，军工产品以及家用电器等各个领域。

而51单片机是各单片机中最为典型和最有代表性的一种。

本次设计以单片机(AT89S51)芯片为核心，辅以必要的外围电路，在配以相应的软件，设计了一个简易的倒计时器，它由5V直流电源供电。

在硬件方面，除了单片机外，使用一个7SEG-MPX4-CA数码管来进行显示，用两个电容和一个晶振组成了一个振荡电路，提供时钟信号，用5V的电源、一个电阻和一个电容构成了一个复位电路，再用四个电阻完成驱动。

LED采用的是动态扫描显示。

在软件方面，我采用汇编语言编程，利用系统调试工具keil C51来调试程序，然后再利用Proteus进行仿真。

经过实践证明，本系统运行稳定，其优点是硬件电路简单，软件功能完善，性价比较高等，具有一定的实用和参考价值。

关键词：单片机；AT89S51；SEG-MPX4-CA数码管；倒计时器；汇编语言。

SummaryIn recent years, as computer penetration in the social field and the development of large scale integrated circuits, microcontroller applications are continually deepening, it has strong functions, small size, low power consumption, cheap, reliable, easy to use and so on, therefore particularly suitable for systems with control of more and more widely used in automatic control, intelligent instruments, meters, data acquisition, military products and household appliances and other fields.The SCM 51 SCM is the most typical and most representative one. The design of a microcontroller (AT89S51) chip as the core, supplemented by the necessary peripheral circuits, accompanied by the corresponding software in the design of a simple countdown device, which consists of 5V DC power supply.On the hardware side, in addition to SCM, the use of a 7SEG-MPX4-CA digital control to be displayed, with two capacitors and a crystal oscillation circuit composed of a provision of the clock signal, with 5V power supply, a resistor and a capacitor form a reset circuit, and then four resistors to complete the driver. LED uses a dynamic scan showed. On the software side, I use assembly language programming, using the system debugger to debug programs keil C51, and then simulated using Proteus. Proven, the system is stable, the advantage of simple hardware circuit, software, functional, high cost, etc., has certain practical and useful.Key words：SCM;AT89S51SEG-MPX4-CA;digital control; countdown device; assembly language目录前言原理简述1.1开发意义1.2原理简述第一章硬件电路2.1 单片机概述2.2 MCS-51 系列单片机介绍2.3 AT89C51的芯片概述2.4 LED显示器接口技术2.5 元器件筛选第三章系统电路3.1 硬件调试3.2 软件调试参考文献结束语致谢附录源程序前言近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透, 单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测日新月益更新。

基于单片机的数字频率计设计摘要本方案主要以单片机为核心，主要分为时基电路，逻辑控制电路，放大整形电路，闸门电路，计数电路，锁存电路，译码显示电路七大部分，设计以单片机为核心，被测信号先进入信号放大电路进行放大，再被送到波形整形电路整形，把被测的正弦波或者三角波整形为方波。

利用单片机的计数器和定时器的功能对被测信号进行计数。

编写相应的程序可以使单片机自动调节测量的量程，并把测出的频率数据送到显示电路显示。

本设计以89C51单片机为核心，应用单片机的算术运算和控制功能并采用LED 数码显示管将所测频率显示出来。

系统简单可靠、操作简易，能基本满足一般情况下的需要。

既保证了系统的测频精度，又使系统具有较好的实时性。

本频率计设计简洁，便于携带，扩展能力强，适用范围广。

[关键词]单片机：运算；频率计；LED数码管AbstractThe program mainly microcontroller as the core, are divided into time-base circuit, the logic control circuit, amplifier shaping circuit, the gate circuit, the counting circuit, latch circuit, decoding circuit most of the seven shows, design a microcontroller as the core, the measured signal the first amplifier to amplify the incoming signal, and then was sent to the waveform shaping circuit surgery, the measured sine wave or triangle wave shaping as a square wave. Counter and timer microchip features of the signal count. Write the corresponding program can automatically adjust the measurement range of SCM, and the frequency of the measured data to the display circuit displays.The design of the 89C51 microcontroller core, microcontroller applications and control functions and arithmetic operations with LED digital display tube to the measured frequency is displayed. System is simple, reliable, easy to operate and can basically meet the general needs. Both to ensure the accuracy of the system frequency measurement, but also the system has good real-time. The frequency meter design is simple and easy to carry, expansion capability, wide application.[Key words] microcontroller, operation, frequency meter, LED digital tube目录摘要 (1)概述........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

基于单片机的数字频率计的设计与实现摘要随着电子信息产业的发展，信号作为其最基础的元素，其频率的测量在科技研究和实际应用中的作用日益重要，而且需要测频的范围也越来越宽。

传统的频率计通常采用组合电路和时序电路等大量的硬件电路构成，产品不但体积较大，运行速度慢，而且测量范围低，精度低。

因此，随着对频率测量的要求的提高，传统的测频的方法在实际应用中已不能满足要求。

因此我们需要寻找一种新的测频的方法。

随着单片机技术的发展和成熟，用单片机来做为一个电路系统的控制电路逐渐显示出其无与伦比的优越性。

本文阐述了以AT89C51单片机为控制器件的频率测量方法，并用汇编语言进行设计，采用单片机智能控制，结合外围电子电路，用以实现高低信号频率的测量。

本文设计的是一个简易数字频率计，被测信号可以是正弦波、三角波、方波。

首先，我们把待测信号经过放大整形;然后把信号送入单片机的定时计数器里进行计数，获得频率值;最后把测得的频率数值送入显示电路里进行显示。

本文从频率计的原理出发，介绍了基于单片机的数字频率计的设计方案，选择了实现系统得各种电路元器件，并对硬件电路进行了仿真。

关键词单片机;频率计;测量-Design and implementation of Digital FrequencyMeter Based on Single Chip MircrocomputeAbstractAlong with the development of electronic information industry, signal as the basic elements, the frequency measurement in scientificresearch and practical application is increasingly important, but also need the scope of frequency measurement is becoming more and more wide. The traditional frequency plan usually adopts combinational circuits and the sequential circuits of the hardware circuit structure, product not only large size, speed is slow, and measuring range, and low accuracy of low. Therefore, as for frequency measurement requirements, thetraditional method of frequency measurement in practical application already cannot satisfy requirements. Therefore, we need to find a new measuring method of frequency. Along with the development of technology and mature, use a singleship as a circuit system of control circuit shown its incomparable advantages.In this paper, with AT89C51 microcontroller to control the frequency of measurement devices and assembly language design, intelligent control using single chip, combined with the external electronic circuit, can be high and low frequency measurements. This paper designs a simple digital frequency, the measured signal can be sine wave , square wave. Firstly, the rectangular pulse, which the measured signal is amplified and reshaped, is used as control throttle valve. Then, the frequency counter counts the number of the periods using the internal timer/counter of signal is chip so as to gain the frequency value of measured signal. Finally, the frequency value of measured signal is displayed through static display circuits.From the analysis of theory, and introduces the digital frequency plan based on single chip design, selection of the system, and have all kinds of circuit components of hardware circuit simulaion.Keywords Micor- computer;Frequency;Measure-目录摘要...... ................................................................. (I)Abstract ........................................................... .. (II)第1章绪论 ..................................................................... .. (1)1.1 课题背景 ..................................................................... . (1)1.2 单片机的发展及特点 ..................................................................... .................1 1.3 频率计的基础知识 ..................................................................... .....................1 1.4 论文研究内容 ..................................................................... .............................2 第2章单片机简介及方案论证 ..................................................................... ...........3 2.1 AT89C51单片机简介 ..................................................................... ..................3 2.1.1 单片机及其引脚说明 ..................................................................... ...........3 2.1.2 AT89C51的定时/计数器原理 (5)2.1.3 定时/计数器的工作模式 ..................................................................... (6)2.1.4 定时,计数器的特殊功能控制寄存器 (6)2.1.5 定时,计数器(T0,T1)的控制寄存器 (7)2.2 数字频率计设计的几种方案 ..................................................................... (8)2.3 几种方案的优劣讨论 ..................................................................... .................8 2.4 本次设计采用的方案 ..................................................................... .................9 2.5 本章小结 ..................................................................... .....................................9 第3章系统硬件设计 ..................................................................... ........................ 10 3.1 数字频率计工作原理及结构框图 (10)3.1.1 一般数字式频率计的原理 ......................................................................10 3.1.2 基于单片机的数字频率计原理 .............................................................. 10 3.2 电路原理图 ..................................................................... ............................... 11 3.3 放大整形电路 ..................................................................... ........................... 11 3.3.1 放大整形电路的必要性 ..................................................................... ..... 11 3.3.2 放大整形电路的原理 ..................................................................... ......... 11 3.4 分频电路 ..................................................................... ................................... 15 3.4.1 分频电路介绍 ..................................................................... .................... 15 3.5 四选一电路 ..................................................................... ............................... 16 3.6 显示电路 ..................................................................... ................................... 17 3.6.1 显示原理 ..................................................................... ............................ 17 3.6.2 显示电路图 ..................................................................... ........................ 19 3.7 本章小结 ..................................................................... ................................... 20 第4章系统软件设计 ..................................................................... ........................ 21 4.1 软件流程图 ..................................................................... ............................... 21 4.2 测频软件实现原理 ..................................................................... . (21)-4.3 几个重要的分程序 ..................................................................... ................... 22 4.4 本章小结 ..................................................................... ................................... 23 结论 ..................................................................... ..................................................... 24 致谢 ..................................................................... ..................................................... 25 参考文献 ..................................................................... ............................................. 26 附录A ...................................................................... ................................................ 27 附录B ...................................................................... ................................................ 33 附录C ...................................................................... ................................................ 39 附录D ...................................................................... (40)第1章绪论1.1 课题背景在电子技术中,频率是最基本的参数之一，并且与许多电参量的测量方案、测量结果都有十分密切的关，,因此频率计在教学、科研、测量仪器、工业控制[1]等方面都有较广泛的应用。

本科毕业论文（设计）题目：基于单片机的人数统计系统摘要本文设计了一个基于单片机的人数统计系统，他可以通过光电开关统计教室的人数，并把实时的人数在LCD1602液晶屏上显示，另该系统还配备了一个时间显示的功能，可显示当前的年、月、日、小时、分种、秒等时间信息，时钟芯片采用的是DS1302.DS1302能存储时间信息，并且时间可以掉电保存。

关键词单片机； LCD1602；人数统计；DS1302AbstractThis paper designed a system based on single-chip microcomputer, the number of statistics, through the photoelectric switch statistic the number of the classroom, and the number of real-time in the LCD1602 display on the LCD panel, the system also equipped with another time display function, can display the current year, month, day,, such as clock chip USES is DS1302. DS1302time information can be stored, and time can be saved when power supply drop.Key words single chip microcomputer LCD1602 The number of statistics DS1302目录摘要 ·························································································································Abstract ···················································································································第1章绪论···············································································································1.1 目的和意义 ····································································································1.2研究概况和发展趋势·························································································1.3本系统主要功能·······························································································第2章总体方案论证与设计 ·························································································2.1主控模块的选型和论证······················································································2.2显示模块的选型和论证······················································································2.3时钟芯片的选型和论证······················································································2.4人数统计模块的选型和论证················································································2.5系统整体设计概述····························································································第3章系统硬件电路设计···························································································3.1主控模块········································································································3.1.1 STC89C52单片机主要特性········································································3.1.2 STC89C52单片机的中断系统·····································································3.1.3单片机最小系统设计················································································3.2 LCD液晶显示器简介·························································································3.2.1液晶原理介绍·························································································3.2.2液晶模块简介·························································································3.2.3液晶显示部分与STC89C52的接口·······························································3.3键盘模块设计··································································································3.4时钟模块的设计·······························································································3.4.1 DS1302概述 ··························································································3.4.2 DS1302内部RTC 和RAM 地址分配 ·····························································3.4.3 DS1302时钟和日历 ·················································································3.4.4 DS1302时钟电路设计 ··············································································3.5 人数检测模块设计····························································································3.5.1光电开关工作原理···················································································3.5.2光电开关电路设计···················································································3.6硬件总体连接图 ·······························································································第4章系统软件设计 ··································································································4.1系统软件总体设计····························································································4.2程序设计原理··································································································第5章系统调试·········································································································5.1硬件调试········································································································5.2软件调试········································································································5.3系统检测········································································································结论·····················································································································参考文献 ···················································································································致谢·····················································································································附录 ·························································································································附录一：系统整体原理图························································································附录二：系统仿真图 ······························································································附录三：元件清单 ·································································································附录四：系统源程序 ······························································································第1章绪论1.1 目的和意义在生活中，学校、火车站、银行、商场、公交车等人员流动比较大的地方，如果可以将人数实时地统计出来，这样可以给我们的生活与学习带来很多的便捷。

简易计算器摘要：计算器是人们的日常生活中是最常见的电子产品之一，它应用极广、发展迅猛，并且不断出现着拥有更加强大功能的计算器。

为了解和研究计算器，本次课设设计制作了一个简易计算器，能够在十四位的计算范围内进行“+”、“-”、“*”、“/”的基本运算，能进行负数以及小数点后两位的精确结果显示。

该计算器以AT89C51单片机芯片作为核心。

采用LCD1602工业字符液晶进行显示。

完成的计算器经过检验能够完整的实现预设功能，各种细节完善，具有很高的使用价值。

关键词：单片机;简易计算器；AT89C51；LCD1602Simple CalculatorAbstract：Calculator is People's Daily life is one of the most common electronic products, used very wide, developing rapidly, and constantly appear more powerful function with have calculators. In order to understand and study calculator, this class set design made a simple calculator, can the calculation in within 14 "+" and "-" and "*", "/" the basic computing, can carry out negative and two decimal places accurate results are shown. This calculator with AT89C51 chips as the core. Using liquid LCD1602 industrial characters displayed. Complete calculator after inspection can complete realization, various details preset functions to perfect, have high use value.Keywords:MCU; Simple calculator;AT89C51;LCD1602目录中文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2单片机课程设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4 1 课程设计任务．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41.1 主要功能设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41.2 任务目的．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42 整体设计方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42.1 方案论证．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42.2 系统框图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．53 硬件电路的设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．63.1 计算机Protel总图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．63.2 显示电路设计方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．93.3 键盘设计方案．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．93.4 复位电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．103.5 晶振电路设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．104 控制软件设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．114.1 程序时序总图．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．114.2 液晶显示软件设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．124.3 键盘输入软件设计．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．134.4 计算函数设置．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．155 系统调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．185.1 硬件调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．185.2 软件调试．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 参考文献．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20 个人小结．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21 附录．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24 附录1．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．24 附录2．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．251课程设计任务1.1 主要功能设计以AT89C51单片机芯片为核心来制作一个简易计算器，外部由4*4矩阵键盘和一个LCD1602工业字符型液晶显示屏构成，内部由一块AT89C51单片机构成，通过软件编程可实现简单加减乘除。

单片机计数器的编程概述单片机计数器是基于单片机的硬件模块，可以实现数值的增加和减少的功能。

通过编程控制计数器的工作模式和计数范围，可以实现各种应用场景下的数字计数功能。

本文将介绍单片机计数器的基本原理、编程方法和应用案例，帮助读者理解和掌握单片机计数器的编程技巧。

单片机计数器的基本原理单片机计数器通常采用定时器/计数器模块实现，这个模块集成在单片机芯片内部。

具体实现方式和功能会因单片机型号和厂家而有所差异，但基本原理是相通的。

单片机计数器通常由以下几个主要组成部分构成： - 器件选择：根据需要选择合适的单片机型号和计数器模块。

- 计数寄存器：用于存储计数器的当前值。

- 预设值寄存器：用于设置计数器的初始值或比较值。

- 控制寄存器：用于控制计数器的工作模式、计数范围等参数。

- 时钟源：提供计数器的时钟信号，以确定计数的时间间隔。

根据计数器的工作模式和计数范围的不同，单片机计数器可以实现多种功能，如：- 简单计数：按照固定时间间隔进行自增或自减操作。

- 定时/延时：在一定时间后触发中断或执行特定操作。

- 脉冲计数：计算外部脉冲信号的频率或脉冲数。

- 频率计数：测量外部信号的频率。

单片机计数器的编程方法单片机计数器的编程方法主要包括以下几个方面： 1. 初始化计数器：设置计数器的初始值和工作模式。

2. 控制计数器：控制计数器的启动、停止、清零等操作。

3. 处理计数器溢出：处理计数器达到最大值后的溢出操作。

4. 读取计数器值：读取计数器的当前值，并根据需要进行处理。

具体编程方法在不同的单片机和编程语言环境下可能会有所不同，以下是一个C语言编写的单片机计数器的代码示例：#include <reg51.h>// 单片机寄存器定义// 定义计数器全局变量unsigned int counter = 0;// 中断处理函数void Timer0Interrupt() interrupt 1{TF0 = 0; // 清除中断标志位counter++; // 计数器自增}// 初始化计数器void InitTimer0(){TMOD = 0x01; // 定时器0工作在模式1，16位定时/计数模式TH0 = 0xFF; // 设置计数器的初始值，定时溢出时间为65536个机器周期TL0 = 0xFF;ET0 = 1; // 允许定时器0中断EA = 1; // 允许总中断TR0 = 1; // 启动定时器0}// 主函数void main(){InitTimer0(); // 初始化计数器while(1){// 在这里执行其他操作// 读取并处理计数器的值if(counter > 100){// 当计数器值大于100时执行特定操作// 可以触发中断、改变计数器的工作模式等counter = 0; // 重置计数器的值}}}单片机计数器的应用案例单片机计数器的应用非常广泛，在各种嵌入式系统和电子设备中都有重要作用。

姓名班级指导老师时间信息工程学院图1 硬件电路连接图（二)显示电路两位数码管循环显示00～99电路数码管只要就是用于数字得显示.数码管有共阴与共阳得区分,单片机都可以进行驱动，但就是驱动得方法却不同。

两位数码管循环电路就是由电阻、二极管与数码管组成,电源＋５Ｖ通过560得电阻直接给数码管得7个段位供电,P０、０—Ｐ0、7对应了两个接数码管得A，B，C，Ｄ,Ｅ，F,Ｇ与小数点位，P2、6接显示个位数得数码管得3、８引角,P2、7则接十位数得。

P２、6与P2、７端口分别控制数码管得十位与个位得供电，当相应得端口变成低电平时,驱动相应得三极管会导通，+5V通过二极管与驱动三极管给数码管相应得位供电,这时只要P0口送出数字得显示代码，数码管就能正常显示需要得数字。

图2 十位显示动态数码管(共阳数码管）图3 个位显示静态数码管（共阴数码管）(三）时钟电路时钟电路得晶振频率越高，系统得时钟频率越高，单片机得运行速度也越快。

晶振频率根据设计需要设为12MHz，又根据谐振性质,电路中得电容应选择为３0ｐＦ左右。

图4 时钟电路（四)复位电路ＭCS—51单片机得复位就是靠外部电路实现得。

MCS—51单片机工作之后,只要在她得ＲST引线上加载10ｍs以上得高点平,单片机就能有效地复位。

MCS－51单片机通常采用上电自动复位与按键复位两种方式。

最简单得复位电路如图５：图5 复位电路上电瞬间，RC电路充电,RST引线出现正脉冲,只要ＲST保持10ms以上得高电平,就能使单iｆ（i++＝=100）／／如果i=0{i=0；couｎｔ+＋;Ｐ0＝CＯDE［couｎt/10];P2＝～CＯＤE［ｃount%1０］;if（count==99)couｎt=0; //如果到了９9,则重新从0开始计数｝}结果与分析(可以加页)：（一）调试结果1.初始状态图7：初始状态结果图2．开始计时后按下按键暂停图8:中间状态图示（二）问题分析及解决措施１、一开始时没有分清楚数码管就是共阴数码管还就是共阳数码管，Ｃ语言程序中默认数码管就是共阴，所以两个P接口得值都就是按照共阴去写得，导致数码管选段及位显有问题，后来经过老师得指点,将共阳数码管P2得接口改成了共阴。

编号：毕业设计说明书题目：基于单片机的数字频率计设计院（系）：电子工程与自动化学院专业：自动化学生姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：教授题目类型：实验研究工程技术研究2012年5月10日摘要在电子技术中，频率是最基本的参数之一，同时也是一个非常重要的参数，并且与许多电参量的测量方案、测量结果都有十分密切的关系，因此，频率的测量就显得更为重要。

数字频率计是计算机、通讯设备、音频视频等科研生产领域不可缺少的测量仪器。

它是一种用十进制数字显示被测信号频率的数字测量仪器。

频率测量是电子学测量中最为基本的测量之一。

本文中详细介绍了频率计的仿真及设计过程。

本文设计了一种以单片机STC89C52为核心的数字频率计。

介绍了单片机、放大整形模块、分频模块和LCD1602显示模块等各个模块的组成和工作原理。

测量时，将被测输入信号送给单片机，通过程序控制计数，结果送LCD1602显示频率值。

本次设计是以单片机STC89C52为控制核心，利用它内部的定时/计数器完成待测信号频率的测量。

应用单片机的控制功能和数学运算能力，实现计数功能和频率的换算，最后显示测量的频率值。

本次设计所制作的频率计外围电路简单，大部分功能都通过软件编程实现，利用单片机控制实现频率计的自动换挡功能；用单片机中断控制端口实现频率的测量功能；通过分频电路实现对频率档位的控制。

本次设计的频率计具有测量准确度高，响应速度快，体积小等优点。

实现了1Hz~4MHz范围的频率测量，而且可以实现量程自动切换。

关键词：频率计；单片机；计数器；测量AbstractFrequency measurement is the most basic measurement in electronic field, while also a very important parameter, and with a number of the measurement results of electrical parameters have a very close relationship, so, the measurement of frequency has become more important. The digital frequency meter is an indispensable of measuring instruments in the field of scientific research and production of computers, communications equipment, audio and video. It is a decimal number to display the signal's frequency measuring instruments. The frequency measurement is one of the most basic measurement electronics measurements. Frequency of simulation and design process is described in detail in this article. This paper introduces a microcontroller STC89C52 as the core design of digital frequency meter. Introduced of the composition and working principle of microcontroller, amplifying and shaping module, frequency division module and LCD1602 display module and other modules.The design is based on STC89C52 microcontroller for the control of the core, using its internal timer and counter to complete the test signal frequency measurement. Application control features of the microcontroller and the operational ability of the counting function and frequency conversion, and finally use displays the measured frequency value. The design frequency meter produced peripheral circuits is simple, most of the functions are controlled via software programming, application control features of the microcontroller to achieve the frequency of automatic shift function; frequency measurement functions the microcontroller interrupt control port; control of the frequency of stalls by the divider circuit. The design of the frequency meter is high accuracy, fast response, small size, etc. Achieve100Hz to 4MHz frequency measurements, and can automatically switch the flow to achieve scale.Key words：Frequency meter; microcontroller; counter; measurement目录引言 (1)1 绪论 (2)1.1 频率计概述 (2)1.2 频率计发展现状 (2)1.3 数字频率计的种类 (3)2 总体方案设计 (4)2.1 数字频率计设计内容 (4)2.2 频率测量原理 (4)2.3 总体思路 (5)2.4 具体模块 (5)3 硬件设计 (7)3.1 电路设计的内容和方法 (7)3.1.1 电路设计的步骤 (8)3.2 单片机概述 (8)3.2.1 STC89C52简介 (9)3.2.2 STC89C52RC引脚功能说明 (10)3.2.3 单片机引脚分配 (12)3.3 单片机最小系统 (13)3.3.1 单片机最小系统原理 (13)3.3.2 复位电路及时钟电路 (13)3.4 信号调理及放大整形模块 (14)3.4.1 LM318介绍 (14)3.4.2 1N4733及74LS14介绍 (15)3.5 分频模块 (15)3.5.1 74LS161介绍 (15)3.5.2 74LS153介绍 (16)3.6 LCD显示和键盘 (17)3.6.1 LCD1602简介 (17)3.7 MAX232简介 (20)4 系统软件设计 (22)4.1 软件设计 (22)4.1.1 主程序流程图设计 (22)4.1.2 子程序流程图设计 (22)4.2 Keil和Proteus软件介绍 (25)4.2.1 Keil简介 (25)4.2.2 Proteus简介 (26)4.3 程序编写及仿真图设计 (26)5 调试 (28)5.1 系统调试 (28)5.2 软件调试 (29)5.3 软硬件联合调试 (30)5.4 误差分析 (30)6 总结 (31)谢辞 (32)参考文献 (33)附录 (34)引言频率计是我们在电子电路实验中经常会用到的测量仪器之一，它能将频率用液晶显示器或者数码管直接显示出来，给测试带来很大的方便，使结果更加直接；且频率计还能对其他多种物理量进行测量，如声音的频率、机械振动的频率等，都可以先转变成电信号，然后用频率计来测量。