复习检测题
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一、填空题(将正确答案填写在横线上)1.焊接检验按照检验方法分为破坏性检验、非破坏性检验、声发射检测三大类。
2.在焊接产品制造前检查焊工所持合格证时,要核对合格证的有效期、合格工程中的焊接方法、焊接位置、材料类别与焊接产品的要求是否一致。
3.焊后检验包括焊缝外观检验、焊接接头的无损检测、焊接接头的力学性能试验和其他性能检验。
4.焊接产品的检验方案包括确定检验工程、检验内容、检验方法、检验程序等内容。
5.焊接产品质量检验的依据主要包括施工图样、相关的技术标准、订货合同、检验的工艺性文件等。
6.不合格焊缝可作报废、返修、回用、降低使用条件来处理。
7.无损检测人员资格证书包括被认证人的姓名、证书颁发日期、证书失效日期、认证级别和报考人在认证机构或经授权的资格鉴定机构的资料编号。
二、选择题(将正确答案的序号写在横线上)1.在役焊接结构的检验一般采用声发射检测。
a.射线检测b.超声波检测c.声发射检测d.磁力检测2.焊接过程中的检验不包括焊工资格检查。
a.焊接环境的检查b.工艺纪律检查c.焊工资格检查d.焊后热处理检查3.下面不属于破坏性试验的是气压试验。
A.拉伸试验b.气压试验c.硬度试验d.冲击试验4.下面说法不正确的选项是b.。
a.无损检测中级人员由工业部门和省、市、地区资格鉴定机构认证b.I级检测人员能撰写、签发检测结果报告c.Ⅱ级检测人员应能根据确定的工艺编制技术说明书d.Ⅲ级检测人员能设计特殊的无损检测方法、技术和工艺5.下面几种检验方法中,属于无损检验的是渗透检测。
A.拉伸试验b.渗透检测c.硬度试验d.化学成分分析6.下面几种检验方法中,属于破坏性检验的是金相检验。
a.外观检验b.致密性试验c.金相检验d.X射线检测一、填空题(将正确答案填写在横线上)1.从晶体学的角度来讲,与理想的完整金属点阵相比,实际金属的晶体结构中出现差异的区域称为缺陷。
2.在焊接接头中的不连续性、不均匀性以及其他不健全等欠缺统称为焊接缺欠。
自动检测复习题一、选择题。
(共20分,每题2分)1、某采购员分别在三家商店购买100kg大米、10kg苹果、1kg巧克力,发现均缺少约0.5kg,但该采购员对卖巧克力的商店意见最大,在这个例子中,产生此心理作用的主要因素是。
A.绝对误差B.示值相对误差C.满度相对误差D.精度等级2、应变测量中,希望灵敏度高、线性好、有温度自补偿功能,应选择测量转换电路。
A.单臂半桥B双臂半桥 C. 四臂全桥3、光栅中采用sin和cos两套光电元件是为了。
A.提高信号幅度B.辨向C.抗干扰D.作三角函数运算4、电子卡尺的分辨率可达0.01mm,行程可达200mm,它的内部所采用的电容传感器形式是。
A.变极距式 B. 变面积式C.变介电常数式5、将超声波(机械振动波)转换成电信号是利用压电材料的;蜂鸣器中发出“嘀……嘀……”声的压电片发声原理是利用压电材料的。
A.应变效应B.电涡流效应C.压电效应D.逆压电效应6、超声波频率越高,。
A.波长越短,指向角越小,方向性越好B.波长越长,指向角越大,方向性越好C.波长越短,指向角越大,方向性越好D.波长越短,指向角越小,方向性越差7、属于四端元件的是。
A.应变片B.压电晶片C.霍尔元件D.热敏电阻8、的数值越大,热电偶的输出热电势就越大。
A.热端直径B.热端和冷端的温度C.热端和冷端的温差D.热电极的电导电率9、电涡流接近开关可以利用电涡流原理检测出___ ___的靠近程度。
A. 人体B. 水C. 黑色金属零件D. 塑料零件10、MQN气敏电阻可测量的浓度,TiO2气敏电阻可测量的浓度。
A. CO2B. N2C. 气体打火机车间的有害气体D. 锅炉烟道中剩余的氧气11、应变测量中,希望灵敏度高、线性好、有温度自补偿功能,应选择_____测量转换电路。
A.单臂半桥 B.双臂半桥 C.四臂全桥12、希望远距离传送信号,应选用具有______输出的标准变送器。
A.1~2VB.1~5VC.0~10mAD.4~30mA13、电感探头的外壳用______制作较为恰当。
河北保定市2024学年物理高二下期末复习检测模拟试题请考生注意:1.请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、用同一光管研究a、b、c三种单色光产生的光电效应规律,得到光电流I与光电管两极间所加电压U的关系如图所示.则这三种光()A.a光的频率大于b的频率B.b光的频率大于c的频率C.a光的光强等于c光的光强D.a光打出的光电子的初动能小于b光打出的光电子的初动能2、质量为m的小球,以初速度υ竖直向上抛出,经过一段时间后回到抛出点.不计空气阻力,以竖直向上为正方向,则整个过程中,小球重力的冲量是A.0 B.mυC.2mυD.-2mυ3、一质点做速度逐渐增大的匀加速直线运动,在时间间隔t内位移为s,动能变为原来的9倍.该质点的加速度为A.B.C.D.4、如图所示的各图表示通电直导线在匀强磁场中所受安培力的情况,其中磁感应强度B、电流I、安培力F三者之间的方向关系不正确的是( )A.B.C.D.5、如图所示,静止在水平地面上倾角为θ斜面光滑的斜面体上,有一斜劈A,A的上表面水平且放有一斜劈B,B的上表面上有一物块C,A、B、C一起沿斜面匀加速下滑.已知A、B、C的质量均为m,重力加速度为g.下列说法正确的是()A.A 的上表面可以是光滑的B.C可能只受两个力作用C.A加速度大小为gcos θD.斜面体受到地面的摩擦力为零6、一定质量的理想气体,如图方向发生状态变化,此过程中,下列叙述正确的是( )A.1→2气体体积增大B.3→1气体体积减小C.2→3气体体积不变D.3→1→2气体体积先减小后增大二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
云南省大理州2025届高中毕业生第一次复习统一检测物理试题考生注意:1. 答卷前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上,并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目,在规定的位置贴好条形码。
2. 回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共10小题,共46分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,第1-7题只有一个选项符合题目要求,每小题4分;第8-10题有多项符合题目要求,每小题6分,全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,有错选的得0分。
1. 2024年10月3日, Physical Review C期刊上发表了中国科学院近代物理研究所的研究成果:研究团队合成新核素钚并测量了该新核素的半衰期。
已知钚-227的衰变方程为22794Pu→Y+22392U,下列说法正确的是 ( )A. 10个钚-227原子核经过一个半衰期后还剩余5个B. 钚-227原子核发生的是α衰变C. 钚-227原子核发生衰变时需要吸收能量D.2224Pu原子核的比结合能比22392U原子核的比结合能大2. 一束单色光从真空斜射向某种介质的表面,光路如图所示。
下列说法中正确的是 ( )A. 此介质对真空的折射率等于2B. 该单色光从真空进入介质后频率增大C. 折射角随入射角的增大而减小D. 逐渐增大入射角,可能会发生全反射现象物理试卷·第1页(共8页)3. 理想变压器、电阻R、理想交流电流表A、理想交流电压表V按图甲连接,已知理想变压器原、副线圈的匝数比为11:1,电阻R=10Ω,原线圈输入的交流电如图乙所示,下列说法正确的是( )A. 交流电的频率为100HzB. 电压表读数为:202VC. 电流表读数为2AD. 变压器的输入功率为44W4. 消毒碗柜已成为每个家庭必备的厨房电器之一,其金属碗架可以将碗竖直支撑于两根金属杆之间。
药物检测复习题与答案一、单项选择题1.关于药典的叙述最准确的是()A.国家临床常用药品集B.药工人员必备书C.药学教学的主要参考书D.国家关于药品质量标准的法典(正确答案)2.《中国药典》(2020年版)分为()部A.1B.2C.3D.4(正确答案)3.缓冲液的配制方法应在药典哪部分中查找()A.凡例B.正文C.索引D.通则(正确答案)4. 某药厂新进三袋淀粉,应如何取样检验()A.每件取样(正确答案)B.在一袋里取样C.按√n+1随机取样D.按√n/2+1随机取样5.《中国药典》(2020年版)中滴定用标准溶夜的示方法为()A. 0.1mol/L HCIB. HCL(0.1mol/L)(正确答案)C. HCL(0.lmg/L)D.HCL(0.1mg/ml)6.《中国药典》(2020年版)规定“精密称定”是指称取重量应准确至所取重量的()A.百分之一B.千分之一(正确答案)C.十分之一D. 万分之一7. (中国药典)(2020年版)规定”恒重是指连续两次行次称量之差不超过()A. 0.03mgB. 0.3gC. 0.3mg(正确答案)D. 0.1mgA. 0.03mgB. 0.3gC. 0.3mgD. 0.1mg8.药物鉴别试验可以用来证明已知药物的()A.真伪(正确答案)B.优劣C.含量D.纯度9.对专属鉴别试验的叙述不正确的是()A.是证实某一种药物的试验B.是证实某一类药物的试验(正确答案)C.是在一般鉴别试验的基础上,利用各种药物化学结构的差异来鉴别药物D.是根据某一种药物化学结构的差异及其所引起的物理化学特性的不同,选用某些特有的灵敏性反应来鉴别药物真伪10.下列不属于物理常数的是()A.折光率B.旋光度(正确答案)C.比旋度D.相对密度11.《中国药典》(2020年版)规定测定液体的相对密度时温度应控制在()A.20℃(正确答案)B.18℃C.22℃D.30℃12.测定pH时,通常选择两种标准缓冲液的pH约相差()A.3个pH单位(正确答案)B. 4个pH单位C.5个pH单位D.6个pH单位13.水杨酸类与三氯化铁反应属于()A.荧光反应B.沉淀反应C.焰色反应D.显色反应(正确答案)14.高效液相色谱法用于鉴别的参数()A.峰面积B.保留时间(正确答案)C.死时间D.峰宽15.薄层色谱法用于鉴别的参数()A.比移值(正确答案)B.保留时间C.峰面积D.展开时间16易溶系指溶质lg(ml)能在溶剂()ml中溶解。
内科复习题(含答案)一、单选题(共100题,每题1分,共100分)1.以下哪种肾小管性酸中毒常引起高钾A、近端肾小管酸中毒(Ⅱ型)B、远端肾小管酸中毒(Ⅰ型)C、混合性肾小管酸中毒D、Ⅲ型肾小管酸中毒E、Ⅳ型肾小管酸中毒正确答案:E2.关于尿毒症,下述哪项错误A、容易发生感染的最主要原因是中性粒细胞的减少B、脂肪代谢的异常主要表现是血甘油三酯升高C、贫血的最主要原因是促红细胞生成因子的缺乏D、导致高血压的最主要原因是水钠潴留E、多有葡萄糖耐量减低正确答案:A3.溃疡性结肠炎最常见的症状是A、肛门排气减少B、恶心、呕吐C、食欲缺乏D、腹泻及里急后重E、腹痛及腹部不适正确答案:D4.下列心律失常中,不易与其他心律失常混淆的是A、窦房传导阻滞B、房室传导阻滞C、未下传的房性期前收缩D、窦性停搏E、窦性心动过缓正确答案:E5.胰腺癌的哪种病理类型最常见A、腺泡细胞癌B、导管细胞癌C、髓样癌D、胰岛细胞癌E、黏液性囊腺癌正确答案:B6.以下关于间质性肾炎的并发症,哪项不正确A、肾性糖尿B、肾小管性酸中毒C、肾性贫血D、肾脏衰竭E、心功能不全正确答案:E7.特发性肺纤维化肺功能的特征性改变是A、TLC下降,DLCO升高B、FEV1/FVC正常或升高,DLCO下降C、FEV1<80%及FEV1/FVC<70%D、FEV1/FVC<70%,DLCO正常E、FEV1<80%,RV增加正确答案:B8.急性白血病引起贫血最主要的原因是A、白血病克隆抑制正常造血干细胞B、红细胞寿命缩短C、出血D、无效性红细胞生成E、造血原料缺乏正确答案:A9.血小板无效输注主要由下列何种抗体所致A、血小板特异同种抗体B、HLA抗体C、血小板自身抗体D、红细胞抗体E、抗核抗体正确答案:B10.对于葡萄球菌肺炎的诊断,下列最重要的是A、白细胞计数增高,中性粒细胞增高,核左移有毒性颗粒B、痰的阳性细菌培养C、X线显示片状阴影伴有空洞和液平面D、全身毒血症状,咳嗽、咳吐脓血痰E、胞壁酸抗体测定正确答案:B11.对慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌鉴别有重要价值的检查是A、经腹壁超声检查B、超声内镜引导下细针穿刺C、糖抗原CA199D、腹部加强CTE、腹部核磁正确答案:B12.下列应高度怀疑为胃溃疡癌变的是A、五肽胃泌素试验示胃酸缺乏B、多发性胃溃疡C、血清胃泌素减低D、伴上消化道大出血E、血清壁细胞抗体阳性正确答案:A13.气胸的体征不包括下列哪项A、患侧听诊呼吸音减弱或消失B、患侧呼吸运动和语颤减弱C、叩诊呈浊音D、气管多移向健侧E、患侧胸部隆起.上一步正确答案:C14.以下最不可能是心绞痛发作的是A、可以表现为与活动相关的咽痛B、多无阳性体征,但发作时可以闻及收缩期杂音C、血压多数升高,也可下降D、发作时间一般不超过15minE、疼痛呈游走性正确答案:E15.最常引起急性药物过敏性间质性肾炎的药物,不包括下列哪一项A、抗结核药.返回B、抗血小板药C、非固醇类抗炎药D、青霉素类E、利尿药正确答案:B16.下述哪项因素不影响胃癌的预后A、病理类型B、性别C、肿瘤分期D、年龄E、肿瘤大小正确答案:B17.关于肝硬化腹水的治疗,下面哪项是不正确的A、限盐0.5~0.8g/d,限水约1000ml/dB、利尿治疗以每周减轻体重不超过2kg为宜C、腹水回输D、静脉输注白蛋白,能促进腹水消退E、腹腔穿刺放液每次4000~6000ml以上正确答案:E18.巨幼细胞性贫血的原因可能是A、叶酸或维生素.B12摄入不足B、胆道疾病C、红细胞破坏过多D、维生素.B2的需要量增加..E、维生素K缺乏正确答案:A19.下列关于腹泻的伴随症状和体征,正确的有A、伴里急后重提示病变多位于小肠B、伴明显消瘦提示病变多位于结肠C、伴脱水常见于吸收不良性腹泻D、伴高热者常见于慢性腹泻E、伴关节肿痛者可见于Crohn病正确答案:E20.判断是否为急性白血病最重要的诊断方法的是A、血红蛋白,红细胞,血小板检查B、周围血液涂片检查C、骨髓涂片检查D、血清维生素.B12及叶酸测定.E.网织红细胞计数正确答案:C21.增加左心室前负荷可导致左心衰竭的是A、主动脉瓣狭窄B、肺动脉瓣狭窄C、高血压病D、肥厚型心肌病E、二尖瓣关闭不全正确答案:E22.过敏性支气管哮喘属于A、单纯Ⅳ型反应B、Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型反应同时存在C、单纯的Ⅰ型变态反应D、Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型反应同时存在E、单纯Ⅲ型反应正确答案:B23.下列有利于室性心动过速与室上性心动过速的鉴别的是A、过去发现过室性期前收缩B、心室率160次/minC、心电图有心室夺获及室性融合波D、心脏增大E、心电图QRS波宽大畸形正确答案:C24.下列哪项是区别肾小球与非肾小球血尿的主要方法A、尿三杯试验B、尿隐血试验C、尿红细胞形态和尿血细胞比容分布曲线D、尿培养E、尿蛋白电泳正确答案:C25.胃壁细胞抗体阳性提示A、胃癌B、胃黏膜脱垂C、慢性浅表性胃炎D、萎缩性胃体胃炎E、胃泌素瘤正确答案:D26.梗死后的心绞痛是指心肌梗死后A、6个月后发生的心绞痛B、1个月内发生的心绞痛C、3个月后发生的心绞痛D、半个月内发生的心绞痛E、1周后发生的心绞痛正确答案:B27.下列表现仅见于出血坏死型急性胰腺炎的是A、胰腺肿大B、脂肪坏死C、休克D、呕吐、腹胀E、发热正确答案:C28.患有下列哪种疾病的患者易患肺结核A、高血压B、糖尿病C、类风湿性关节炎D、肾小球肾炎E、甲亢正确答案:B29.下述有助于鉴别肾盂肾炎与膀胱炎的临床表现是A、尿中有无少量蛋白B、尿中菌落的多少C、尿中有无白细胞管型D、尿内白细胞的多少E、尿中有无红细胞正确答案:C30.下列哪种情况不是阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的常见原因A、慢性咽炎B、软腭松弛C、舌体肥大.上一步D、腭垂过长过粗E、下颌后缩正确答案:A31.急性胰腺炎时预后不良的征兆常为出现A、血钙<1.75mmol/LB、动脉血氧分压小于80mmHgC、血甘油三酯显著升高D、血清白蛋白<40g/LE、血脂肪酶升高正确答案:A32.诊断二尖瓣狭窄最常用和可靠的方法是A、心导管检查B、X线检查C、心脏瓣膜活检D、心脏听诊E、超声心动图检查正确答案:E33.关于急性肾盂肾炎的实验室检查,下列哪项是错误的A、大量蛋白尿B、血尿C、脓尿D、管型尿E、细菌尿正确答案:A34.关于完全性左束支传导阻滞的心电图特点,下列错误的是A、T波与QRS主波方向相同B、V1导联多呈rS或QS型C、QRS波时限≥0.12s275E、V.V6导联出现增宽的R波D、Ⅰ导联R波宽大正确答案:A35.急性肾炎的典型尿液表现A、颗粒管型B、透明管型C、镜下血尿D、蛋白尿E、红细胞管型正确答案:E36.诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎具有特征的表现是A、肠腺化生B、最大泌酸量(MAO)减少C、胃腺体部分减少或消失D、胃黏膜细胞不典型增生E、胃镜下可见黏膜灰白色,皱襞平坦正确答案:C37.对于肝硬化引起的顽固性腹水,最有效的治疗方法是A、肝移植B、腹腔置管引流C、肝内门体分流术D、腹腔穿刺抽水E、腹腔-颈静脉转流术正确答案:C38.急性前壁心肌梗死,以下冠状动脉病变最常见的是A、左冠状动脉回旋支和右冠状动脉B、右冠状动脉C、左冠状动脉主干D、左冠状动脉前降支E、左冠状动脉回旋支正确答案:D39.不符合细支气管肺泡细胞癌特点的是A、可为周围型B、起源于细支气管黏膜上皮或肺泡上皮C、常引起支气管狭窄导致阻塞性肺炎D、可为弥漫型E、癌细胞呈柱状正确答案:C40.关于肝性脑病的饮食与营养错误的是A、纠正负氮平衡以植物蛋白为最好B、清醒后应迅速纠正负氮平衡,给蛋白质每日60g为宜C、必要时可用深静脉插管滴注25%葡萄糖以保证热量D、每日可用3~6g必需氨基酸E、每日应供热量为5~6.7kJ正确答案:B41.继发性肺结核最常见的是A、肺门淋巴结结核B、慢性纤维空洞型肺结核C、浸润型肺结核D、血行播散性肺结核E、结核性胸膜炎正确答案:C42.风湿性心脏病最常见的心律失常是A、心室颤动B、心房颤动C、一度房室传导阻滞D、房性期前收缩E、室性期前收缩正确答案:B43.肺心病呼吸衰竭急性加重期治疗的关键是A、加强护理B、选择适当的利尿药C、呼吸中枢兴奋剂D、强心苷的及时应用E、控制呼吸道感染,改善呼吸功能正确答案:E44.患者,女,37岁,双手掌指关节以远端皮肤增厚发硬,辅助检查:ACA(+),该例硬化病是A、局限型B、重叠型C、弥散型D、单一型E、混合型正确答案:B45.下列哪种药物可引起急性间质性肾炎和肾小球微小病变肾病A、非甾体抗炎药B、青霉素C、氧氟沙星D、环磷酰胺E、磺胺正确答案:A46.确定心包积液诊断的下列检查措施中正确的是A、超声心动图B、心电图C、胸部X线D、心包活检E、心电向量图正确答案:A47.尿路感染最简单迅速,阳性率又高的诊断方法是A、尿细胞计数B、清洁中段尿细菌培养C、尿高渗细菌培养D、尿沉渣涂片染色镜检E、尿抗体包裹细菌检查正确答案:D48.下列检查对鉴别水肿型和出血坏死型急性胰腺炎的帮助不大的是A、血钙降低B、发病后很快出现休克C、血清正铁血白蛋白阳性D、胁腹部及脐周皮肤出现紫色淤斑E、血清淀粉酶明显增高正确答案:E49.下列试验结果最能确定缺铁的诊断的是A、红细胞中心淡染区扩大B、血清铁低于正常C、血清铁蛋白低于正常D、MCV减少E、MCH减少正确答案:C50.以下关于Horner综合征的临床表现,错误的是A、头面部水肿B、病侧瞳孔缩小C、病侧上眼睑下垂D、病侧额部少汗E、病侧眼球内陷正确答案:A51.急性肾盂肾炎并发急性肾衰主要是由于A、炎症严重使肾乳突坏死B、炎症严重使肾实质广泛坏死C、炎症严重使尿路梗阻D、炎症严重毒素吸收入血E、炎症严重引起大量脓性分泌物正确答案:B52.诊断室性心动过速的最重要依据是A、QRS波群畸形程度B、心室夺获C、心房夺获D、心室率的快慢E、房室分离正确答案:B53.下列不符合弥漫性肺间质疾病的肺功能表现是A、肺活量减少B、肺总量减少C、残气量增加D、弥散功能降低E、PA-aO2增大正确答案:C54.血管外溶血红细胞的最主要破坏场所是A、脾B、肝C、循环血流中D、纤维蛋白条索间的网孔E、骨髓正确答案:A55.肾功能急骤.,尿素氮及血肌苷呈进行性升高、贫血,符合何种病表现A、慢性肾小球肾炎B、肾病综合征C、慢性肾衰竭D、急性肾小球肾炎E、急进性肾炎正确答案:E56.肝炎肝硬化主要阻塞部位A、门静脉B、窦后C、上腔静脉D、窦前E、肝静脉正确答案:D57.在我国贫血的诊断标准为A、男:Hb<160g/L;.女:Hb<140g/LB、男:Hb<140g/L;.女:Hb<130g/LC、男:Hb<110g/L;.女:Hb<100g/LD、男:Hb<130g/L;.女:Hb<120g/LE、男:Hb<120g/L;.女:Hb<110g/L正确答案:E58.不是慢性肺心病代偿期的临床表现的是A、发绀和肺气肿.上一步B、心音遥远,P2>A2C、三尖瓣区收缩期杂音,剑突下见心脏搏动增强D、颈静脉充盈E、右心室奔马律正确答案:E59.急性白血病经化疗获得完全缓解后,下一步骤最应是A、停止化疗B、干扰素治疗C、维持治疗D、强化巩固治疗E、免疫治疗正确答案:D60.关于胸液葡萄糖检查的意义,下列哪一项说法是错误的A、有助于鉴别胸腔积液的病因B、肿瘤患者胸液葡萄糖低者提示肿瘤广泛浸润C、脓胸患者胸液葡萄糖常显著降低D、漏出液葡萄糖含量正常,渗出液常增高或降低E、糖尿病患者血糖高者胸液葡萄糖也随之增高正确答案:D61.贫血伴有毛发干燥,易脱落与指甲扁平脆薄体征,血象中红细胞形态提示红细胞体积减小,中心淡染区扩大。
射线检测复习题(含参考答案)第1章一.是非题1.当原子核内的中子数改变时,它就会变为另一种元素。
(X)2.当一个原子增加一个质子时,仍可保持元素的种类不变。
(X)3.不稳定同位素在衰变过程中,始终要辐射Y射线。
(X)4.放射性同位素的半衰期是指放射性元素的能量变为原来一半所需要的时间。
(X)5.射线能量越高,传播速度越快,例如Y射线比X射线传播快。
(X)6. Y射线或X射线强度越高,其能量就越大。
(X)7.当X射线经过2个半价层后,其能量仅仅剩下最初的1/4。
(X)8.连续X射线是高速电子同靶原子的轨道电子相碰撞的结果。
(X)9.X射线的波长与管电压有关。
(V)10.X射线机产生X射线的效率比较高,大约有95%的电能转化为X射线的能量。
(X)11.同能量的Y射线和X射线具有完全相同的性质。
(V)12.X射线的强度不仅取决于X射线机的管电流而且还取决于X射线机的管电压。
(V)13.光电效应中光子被完全吸收,而康普顿效应中光子未被完全吸收。
(V)14.光电效应的发生几率随原子序数的增大而增加。
(V)15.连续X射线穿透物质后,强度减弱,线质不变。
(X)16.连续X射线的能量与管电压有关,与管电流无关。
(V)17. Y射线与X射线的基本区别是后者具有高能量,可以穿透较厚物质。
(X)18.在管电压、管电流不变的前提下,将X射线的靶材料由钼改为钨,所发生的射线强度会增大。
(V)19.连续X射线穿透物质后,强度减弱,平均波长变短。
(V)二.选择题1.质子和中子的区别是中子没有( A )A.电荷B.质量^自旋D半衰期2.当几种粒子和射线通过空气时,其电离效应最高的是( A )A.a粒子B.B粒子C.中子D.X和Y粒子3 .在射线探伤中应用最多的三种射线是( A )A.X 射线,Y 射线和中子射线B. a 射线,B 射线和Y 射线C. X 射线,B 射线和Y 射线D. X 射线,Y 射线和a 射线 4 .X 射线,Y 射线和a 粒子有一个共同点,即它们都是(D )A.均质粒子辐射8.电磁辐射 C.微波辐射D.电离辐射 5 .通常所说的200kVX 射线指(A )A.最大能量为0.2MeV 的白色X 射线B.平均能量为0.2MeV 的连续射线C.能量为0.2MeV 的单色射线D.有效能量为0.2MeV 的连续射线6 .在一般的工业探伤中,射线与物质相互作用时,主要产生的二个效应是( B )A.光电效应和电子对效应;B.光电效应和康普顿散射;C.康普顿散射和电子对效应;D.康普顿散射和电离;7 .当光子与物质相互作用时, 光子将部分能量用于逐出轨道电子,且剩余的能量 )B. 光电效应D.电离 B.发射标识x 射线 D.以上都是 A ) B.物质的扬氏模量 D. 物质的晶粒度 10 .连续X 射线穿透厚工件时,有何特点?( C )A 第二半价层小于第一半价层;B 第二半价层等于第一半价层^第二半价层大于第一半价层;口.第二半价层与第一半价层关系不确定. 11 .X 射线的穿透能力取决于(B )A.毫安B.千伏C.曝光时间 ^焦点尺寸12 .当施加于X 射线管两端的电压不变,管电流增加时,则(B ) A.产生的X 射线变为电子的动能,这就是( B A.康普顿散射 C. 电子对效应8 .光电效应的特征是( A )?A.产生光电子C.发射二次电子9 .射线通过物质时的衰减取决于A.物质的原子序数、密度和厚度; C.物质的泊松比波长不变,强度不变.B产生的X射线波长不变,强度增加。
中考专题复习实 数1、有理数:像3、53-、119……这样的 或 。
2、数轴:规定了 、 和 的直线叫做数轴(画数轴时,要注意上述规定的 三要素缺一不可)。
3、相反数:只有 不同的两个数,如a 的相反数是 ,0的相反数仍是 。
若a 与b 互为相反数,则 .4、绝对值:正数的绝对值是它 ,负数的绝对值是它的 ,0的绝对值是0.任何实数的绝对值都是 ,a ≧0.互为相反数的两个数的绝对值相等,a =a -。
5、倒数: 没有倒数。
正数的倒数是正数,负数的倒数是负数。
若a 与b 互为倒数,则 .6、有理数的四则混合运算:(1)先乘方,再乘除,最后加减; (2)同级运算,从左到右进行;(4)如有括号,先做括号内的运算,按 ,中括号, 依次进行。
7、乘方:求n 个 的积的运算,叫做乘方,乘方的结果叫做 。
在a n中,a 叫做 ,n 叫做 。
8、科学记数法:把一个数写做 的形式,其中101<≤a ,n 是整数,这种记数法叫做科学记数法。
9、平方根:如果一个数的平方等a ,那么这个数叫做a 的 或 ,0的平方根是0,负数 平方根。
a 的平方根记为a ±(a ≧0),读作“正负根号a ”,a 叫做被开方数。
10、算术平方根:如果一个正数的平方等于a ,那么这个正数叫做a 的 ,0的算术平方根为0。
a 的算术平方根记为a (a ≧0),读作“根号a ”,a 叫做被开方数。
11、立方根:如果一个数的立方等于a ,那么这个数叫做a 的 或 ,0的立方 根是0,正数的立方根是正数,负数的立方根是负数。
3a -=3a ,a 的立方根记为3a ,读作“三次根号a ”,a 叫做 ,3是 。
知识回顾12、无理数:像2、33、……这样的 。
13、实数: 和 统称为实数。
实数与数轴上的点 。
1.(2017湖南长沙,1)下列实数中,为有理数的是( ) A .B .C .D .12.(2017广东广州,1)如图1,数轴上两点表示的数互为相反数,则点表示的( )A . -6B .6C . 0D .无法确定3.(2017湖南长沙,3)据国家旅游局统计,2017年端午小长假全国各大景点共接待游客约为82600000人次,数据82600000用科学记数法表示为( ) A .B .C .D .4.(2017山东临沂,1)的相反数是( ) A .B .C .2017D .5.(2017浙江宁波,4)实数的立方根是 .6.(2017重庆A 卷,13)“渝新欧”国际铁路联运大通道全长11000千米,成为服务“一带一路”的大动脉之一,将数11000用科学记数法表示为 . 7.(2017重庆A 卷,14)计算:|﹣3|+(﹣1)2= . 8.(2017江苏徐州,9)的算术平方根是 . 9.(2017浙江嘉兴,17(1))计算:.10.(2017浙江台州,17)计算:.基础检测考点精讲1.有理数概念【例题1】(2017河南,1)下列各数中比1大的数是()A.2 B.0 C.-1 D.-3【答案】A,【解析】根据正数大于0,0大于负数,两个负数,绝对值大的反而小可得题目选项中的各数中比1大的数是2,故选A.【考点】有理数的大小比较.【变式】(2017重庆A卷,14)计算:|﹣3|+(﹣1)2= .【答案】4.【解析】|﹣3|+(﹣1)2=4【考点】有理数的混合运算.【例题2】(2017天津,1)计算的结果等于()A.2 B. C.8 D.【答案】A.【解析】根据有理数的加法法则即可得原式-2,故选A.【变式】(2017山东滨州,1)计算-(-1)+|-1|,结果为()A.-2 B.2 C.0 D.-1【答案】B.【解析】原式=1+1=2,故选B.【例题3】(2017山东日照,3)铁路部门消息:2017年“端午节”小长假期间,全国铁路客流量达到4640万人次.4640万用科学记数法表示为()A.4.64×105B.4.64×106C.4.64×107D.4.64×108【答案】C.【解析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值是易错点,由于4640万有8位,所以可以确定n=8﹣1=7.4640万=4.64×107.故选:C.【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数.【变式】(2017辽宁沈阳,3)“弘扬雷锋精神,共建幸福沈阳”幸福沈阳需要830万沈阳人共同缔造。
一、填空题1.检测:在各类生产、科研、试验及服务等各个领域为及时获得被测、被控对象的有关信息而实时或非实时地对一些参量进行定性检查和定量测量。
2.测量结果=测量数值.测量单位3.请将下面的测量的基本要素图填写相应的基本要素4.自感式电感传感器常见的形式有、、。
5.电容器的容量受三个因素影响,即、和。
6.热电偶测温条件:只有当热电偶的,且的温度也时,才会产生电势,热电偶才能进行温度测量。
7.热电偶回路的热电动势只与组成热电偶的及有关;与热电偶的、、无关。
8.电容传感器采用差动形式时,可以使 __ ___提高近一倍,也可使也得到改善。
使得外界的影响诸如、、等基本能相互抵消。
9.正常人的体温为37°C,则此时的华氏温度约为,热力学温度约为____。
10.对金属物体而言,大可不必使用易受干扰的接近开关,而选择___ __ 接近开关。
因此只有在测量含水绝缘介质时才选择接近开关。
11.应变片可分为及两大类。
12.灵敏度的定义:。
13.分辨率的定义:。
14.线性度的定义:。
15.误差的定义:。
16.绝对误差的定义:。
17.相对误差的定义:。
18.重复性的定义:。
19.回程误差的定义:。
20.精度等级高低仅说明该检测仪表的引用误差最大值的大小,它决不意味着该仪表某次实际测量中出现的具体误差值是多少。
21.检测仪表产生的测量误差不仅与所选仪表精度等级G有关,而且与所选仪表的量程有关。
通常量程L和测量值X相差愈小,测量准确度较高。
实际工作中一般把被测量指示范围选择在仪表标度尺满刻度的2/3以上,以确保测量误差较小22.容许误差是指检测仪器在规定使用条件下可能产生的最大误差范围。
检测仪器的准确度、稳定度等指标都可用容许误差来表征。
23.测量误差按表示方法分类分为____________和____ ____ _。
24.角编码器的基本类型和。
25.误差主要来源有____________________26.直流电桥只能测量__________,交流电桥能测量________27.变面积型可以分为哪两种类型28.角编码器的基本类型29.角编码的能在那些应用地方30.绝对式编码器的分类31.电感式接近开关只能检测()材料,因而不能应用于()材料的检测。
年级:___________ 班级:___________ 姓名:_______________ 考号:_______________-----请----------------------不----------------------要----------------------在----------------------密----------------------封----------------------线----------------------内----------------------答----------------------题--------胜利七中2010-2011学年第二学期九年级第一次复习测试(时间:90分钟,满分:120分)第Ⅰ卷(70分)一、单项选择(30分)1. —Who is the boy ______ long hair and glasses? —He’s a new student. His name is Billy. A. and B. has C. in D. with2. —Good morning, sir. Can I help you? —Y es, please. I’d like _____egg and tomato noodles. A. a B. an C. some D. any3. —Hi, Linda. How _____ your last weekend?—Great! I went to Tiantan and met my pen pal Bruce!A. isB. areC. wasD. were4. —Oh, I can’t do anything with the problem! —_________ Let me help you.A. Tha t’s right.B. How can you do that?C. I’m sorry, too.D. Don’t worry. 5. Jim didn’t come to school _______ bike. He came ______ his father’s car. A. on; by B. by; by C. by; in D. on; in 6. On ______ sides of the river you can see many trees and flowers.A. bothB. eitherC. allD. each 7. —I forgot to ask my doctor how much I should take the medicine each time. —Why not read the _______ carefully?A. instrumentB. instructionsC. informationD. instance 8. —Would you like ______ new kinds of chocolate?—No, thanks. The doctor told me not to eat _______ chocolate for my teeth. A. some; any B. any; some C. some; some D. any; any 9. — ___________ the movie 2012? —It was quite a nice movie. A. How do you think of B. What do you likeC. How do you like aboutD. What do you think about10. —Could I use the car after lunch, Daddy? —I’m afraid you ___ . I have to go for a meeting. A. could B. can C. couldn’t D. can’t 11. Christmas Day in the west is ______ the Spring Festival in China.A. as important asB. so important asC. not more important asD. as more important as 12. The bus is so crowded that I can’t get enough ______ to stand on. A. house B. room C. place D. spaces 13. Do you think dogs are too difficult _________ ?A. take careB. to take careC. taking careD. to take care of 14. My grandfather is going to have his ______ birthday next Sunday. A. ninety B. ninetieth C. nineties D. the ninetieth 15. Jim’s never tried Indian food, _________ ?A. is heB. has heC. isn’t heD. hasn’t he 16. If you have any problem, please call me ______ 347-2365. A. under B. at C. as D. in17. _____ the boy is from Korea, _____ he can speak Chinese very well. A. Though; but B. Although; / C. Because; so . Because; / 18. The more progress you make, _____ your parents will be. A. happy B. happier C. the happiest . the happier19. —_____ will people have robots at home? —Maybe in about 50 years. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How much 20. —Would you mind my closing the window? —_____ . A. Certainly not B. Yes, please C. Sorry, I won’t 21. Sarah with her friends _____ a lot in the last few years. A. will chang B. changed C. have changed D. has changed 22. Can you learn English _____ chatting on the Internet? A. in B. with C. by D. for 23. _____ his new sunglasses _____ Tony look mysterious.A. Wears ;makeB. Wears ;makesC. Wearing ;makesD. Wearing ;make 24. Y ou’d better get your clothes _____ ,for they’re so dirty.A. washedB. washingC. washD. washes 25. There are _____ birds in the forests.A. two millionsB. two millions ofC. million ofD. millions of 26. — There is somebody at the door. Who _____ it be? Is it the postman? — No ,it _____ be him. It’s just seven o’clock. It’s too early. A. might ;can’t B. will ;won’t C. may ;mustn’t D. must ;may not 27. If my father _____ here now ,he _____ tell me what to do. A. were ;would B. were ;will C. had ;will D. is ;will28.—My mother and I will go to Shanghai this summer. —_____ . Shall we go together? A. So do I B. So can I C. So am I D. So will I29. He prefers _____ at home reading rather than _____ shopping on Sunday. A. to stay ;going B. to stay ;go C. staying; go D. staying ;to go 30.—Can you tell me _____ on the Internet? —OK, mum.A. how can I use QQB. where can I use QQC. how I can use QQD. whether can I use QQ二、 阅读理解(40分)(A) According to Oriental Outlook magazine (《望东方周刊》), the city of Hangzhou again tops a list of the 10 “happiest cities” in China.Hangzhou, which has a history of more than 2, 000 years, has topped the list all three years. It was once the former Song Dynasty’s capital and now the capital of Zhejiang Province. It has long been known for its beautiful scenery, its fine silk and as the birthplace------请----------------------不----------------------要----------------------在----------------------密----------------------封----------------------线----------------------内---------------------------of Longjing tea. But its slower pace (节奏) of life has a lot to do with its popularity. Hangzhou has a “peace that the other big cities like Shanghai don’t have. ” Besides, the city’s economy has been well developed.Shanghai and Beijing were among the list’s top 10 the first time ar ound 2007, but have since fallen off. In 2008, Shanghai and Beijing came to No. 1 and No. 2 as the most convenient cities, while in 2009, Nanjing and Hangzhou took those places; while many Chinese still say Beijing has the country’s best schools and t he liveliest cultural scene, the capital is losing its popularity with increasing stress, pollution and traffic —there are now more than 4 million cars on its streets.Plus, more than 4 million migrant workers (民工) have crowded in , tens of thousands of college graduates live together in very simple housing, and in their eyes, Beijing is no longer the place they once dreamed of.31. Which of the following cities comes first of the 10 “happiest cities” in China ? A. Nanjing. B. Hangzhou. C. Beijing. D. Shanghai. 32. Hangzhou City wins popularity because of the following EXCEPT _____.A. beautiful sceneryB. slower pace of lifeC. increasing stressD. Longjing tea 33. Beijing is no longer the place young people once dreamed of because_______. A. it isn’t convenient B. its economy hasn’t been well developedC. it doesn’t have the best schoolsD. there is much pollution and increasing pressure 34. In 2009, which cities came to NO. 1 and NO. 2 as the most convenient cities? A. Shanghai and Beijing. B. Beijing and Shanghai. C. Nanjing and Hang Zhou. D. Hangzhou and Nanjing 35. What is the best title of the passage? A. 10 “happiest cities” in ChinaB. Hangzhou Be comes the First of the 10 “happiest cities” in ChinaC. The Capital Is Losing PopularityD. Hangzhou, A Beautiful City(B)Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everybody. The economies (经济)of the world need to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holidays. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. About 75, 000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs. 36. It was________ for people to find work before than today.A. not possibleB. easierC. more difficultD. important 37. If the economies of the world grow by 4% each year, ________. A. people will have no jobs B. people can still have jobs as beforeC. 4% of people will have jobsD. 96% of people will have jobs 38. One machine can do as much work as ________.A. 40 peopleB. 4% of the people in the worldC. more than 75, 000 peopleD. 4% of the people in the city39. How many people outside cities go into cities to look for jobs each day? A. 70% of the people B. About 75, 000 people. C. More than 75, 000 people. D. 30% of the people. 40. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Machines are taking work instead of people.B. Now more people are out of work.C. Machines need more money and longer holidays.D. More people need more money and longer holidays.(C)Mr. Hill was a man of forty-nine. He worked in a middle school. But he didn’t think he was paid much enough and found work in an office when he was forty-three. He worked hard and got a lot of money. So he bought a house and a car and lived a happy life.One evening Mr. Hill went to the cinema. After the film it began to rain. He had to run home. It was quite dark. Suddenly he saw a young man standing in the middle of the narrow street ,with a stick in his hand. He stopped him and made him hand all his money over. Mr. Hill had a look around and saw nobody. He had to fight with the young man by himself. The young man hit him on the head and he fell to the ground. Five days later ,when he came back to life ,he found he was in hospital. But something was wrong with his head and he could not remember what had happened to him that evening. And he’s become strange from then on and can get on well with nobody. His wife had to send him to the hospital again. The doctor looked him over carefully and told him to be in hospital. He didn’t agree with the doctor and began to quarrel with him. At last he stood up and opened the window.“It’s snowing and blowing outside ,” said the doctor. “Close i t ,please. ”“Do you think it’ll stop snowing and blowing if I close the window ? ” asked Mr. Hill. 41. Mr. Hill hoped to ________, so he left the school.A. buy a houseB. get more moneyC. work in the cityD. have a good rest 42. The young man stood in the dark and narrow street to ________.A. wait for Mr. HillB. beat Mr. HillC. get some moneyD. take shelter from the rain 43. Mr. Hill couldn’t remember what had happened to him that evening because ________. A. five days had passed B. his head was badly hurt C. he was forgetful D. he thought only of his work 44. Mrs. Hill sent her husband to the hospital because ________.A. he couldn’t work any longerB. he often forgot something at homeC. he liked to quarrel with othersD. he couldn’t be got on well with 45. Which of the following is TRUE ?A. The doctor closed the window in order that the snow stopped.年级:___________ 班级:___________ 姓名:_______________ 考号:_______________-----请----------------------不----------------------要----------------------在----------------------密----------------------封----------------------线----------------------内----------------------答----------------------题-------- B. Mr. Hill agreed to be in hospital.C. The doctor thought it would be cold in the room if the window was open.D. Mr. Hill didn’t know it was cold outside.(D)For years ,business people in Western Europe were worried. They knew they could not compete against business from the US. The United States is much larger and had more resources than any Western European country.Some European people realized that European nations needed to join together to help each other. If they could forget their language differences and the differences in customs, they might become strong competition against other countries. In 1958,six of the European countries —Belgium ,the Netherlands ,Luxembourg ,France ,Germany ,and Italy went together and decided to cooperate. They called their group the European Community ,or the Common Market. These countries agreed to join their resources together.Within a few years ,the European Economic Community had worked so well that its members were more prosperous than many other European nations. Soon ,other nations began to realize the advantages of Common Market. Today the Common Market includes most of the important countries in Western Europe. It is helping Western Europe to again take its place as a leader among the industrial nations of the world.46. From the passage we know the US is much richer than ________ in resources. A. any other Western Europe countries B. any other country in Western Europe C. any country in Western Europe D. every country in Europe47. The members of the European Economic Community have developed fast because they ___. A. share their resources and produce more goods B. can again take the place as a leaderC. forget the differences in their languages and customsD. have become strong competition against the US 48. Which statement is TRUE?A. The Common Market is only a political association.B. The Common Market is an economic and political association.C. The Common Market is only an economic association.D. The Common Market is neither an economic association nor a political one. 49. In order to ________ ,the Western European countries decided to cooperate. A. join together to found a united countryB. help each other to smooth away the differences in customsC. work and act together for common purposeD. fight against the US50. Today the Common Market has helped Belgium ,the Netherlands ,Luxembourg ,France ,Germany ,________ again take the place as a leader among the industrial nations of the world. A. and Italy B. and Italy and other countriesC. and Italy and other European countriesD. and Italy and other Western European nations第Ⅱ卷(50分)三、综合填空(10分)Hilary Lister is considered to be the first disabled woman to sail around Britain by h 1 . She successfully finished sailing around the British Isles in her “Artemis 20” in 2009. U 2 now, Hilary has sailed around the British and Irish coast in legs of between 30 and 50 miles.Hilary and her team started to sail from Dover to Newlyn in 2008, but she was u 3 to finish it in 2008 because of bad weather and other technical p 4 . It was a difficult d 5 to make, but she decided to stop the sailing and to finish the journey in 2009. On May 21, 2009, Hilary and her team started to sail from Plymouth and returned to Newlyn, where she had stopped sailing in 2008. Three months later she r 6 to her starting point in Dover to celebrate this important s 7 .“I love the Artemis 20. She is a great boat to sail and she has looked after me so well, ” said Hilary. “The important thing is that she is a great -looking boat that people want to sail, w 8 they are professionals or not. ”This sailing has r 9 £30, 000 for the charity, Hilary’s d 10 came true. And the money will be used to help disabled people who want to sail.1.__________ 2 ________ 3________ 4___________ 5___________ 6__________ 7 ____________ 8___________ 9 _________ 10 ________四、根据短文内容,用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文意思完整(10分)。