非自愿移民的社会资本补偿——以丹江口库区移民为例

水库移民淹没区土地承包经营权补偿机制研究——基于南水北调中线工程丹江口市移民的调查刘灵辉1；陈银蓉2（1.电子科技大学政治与公共管理学院，成都 610054;2.华中农业大学土地管理学院，武汉430070）摘要：丹江口水库是新中国兴建的第一座特大型水利枢纽工程，在新中国建设史上具有重要的地位。

丹江口水库作为南水北调中线工程的水源地后，大坝加高必然再次引起大量的非自愿性移民。

由于丹江口水库一期工程的部分移民已经通过就近后靠安置，且存在着外迁移民返回库区等情况，造成库区周边土地承载能力已经接近极限，移民内安难度大。

在库区移民环境容量十分有限的条件下,外迁安置模式成为重要选择。

丹江口水库试点移民主要以种植业安置为主，在安置区移民主要通过政府主导下的土地调整获得承包地，该模式不仅与现行农村土地政策相违背，而且土地调整的过程中存在着利益分配混乱和利益各方支出和收益不均衡等问题，使各方主体之间形成潜在的利益冲突。

因此，针对政府主导下的土地调整解决移民生产生活用地的弊端，按照替代理论，本文提出以移民淹没区享有的土地承包经营权为中心来设计移民安置模式，以货币补偿、入股、土地征收、土地流转等方式相结合来安置移民，实现不同安置方式下移民获得的收益与移民淹没区享有的土地承包经营权相挂钩，逐步实现水库移民政府主导性与移民安置的市场化有机结合，最后提出了相关政策和建议。

关键词：水库移民；土地调整；利益冲突；土地补偿机制Study on the Contracting Management Right Compensation Mechanism of Inundation Areain Reservoir Resettlement——Based on the Investigation of Danjiangkou Resettlement in Middle Line Projectof South-to-North Water DiversionLiu Linghui, Chen Yinrong, Meiyun(1.College of Politics and Public Management,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054,China ;2.College of Land Management; HuazhongAgricultural University; Wuhan 430070, China)Abstract: Danjiangkou Reservoir, which plays an important role in the Chinese construction history, is the first extremely large-sized water control project afterthe founding of New China. Danjiangkou Reservoir is the headstream of Middle Line基金项目：中国水电工程顾问集团公司科技项目：“水电工程建设征地移民安置过程中土地流转问题研究”（编号：CHC-KJ-2007-21-4）阶段性成果；中央高校基本业务费资助项目（项目编号：ZYGX2010J135）作者简介：刘灵辉（1982- ）,男,河南洛阳人,电子科技大学政治与公共管理学院,主要从事土地利用与规划、土地制度方面研究.Email:liulinghui2005@.Project of South-to-North Water Diversion, thus, the dam heightening will cause a large amount of resettlers. Some of the local inhabitants have been resettled into near lands in the first project phrase, and some of the resettlers reversely immigrate to the original residence, therefore, the bearing capacity of the land has been approached to the upper limit, it is very difficult to resettle more inhabitants. Under the condition that environment capacity is pretty limited, the mode of resettlement outside becomes one of the most important choice. The experimental resettlement of Danjiangkou Reservoir mainly depends on crop production, besides, the resettlers in resettlement area acquire contracted land mainly through the government-oriented land adjustment, not only does this mode go against the current rural land policy, but also some problems such as disordered interest distribution and the gap between revenue and expenditure among different interest parties exist in land adjustment, and these problems bring about the potential conflict among different parties. Thus, based on the disadvantages of government-oriented land adjustment, according to the substitution theory, the point view that resettlement mode can be designed on the basis of land management right that resettlers enjoyed in the inundation area is put forward, in this mode, the resettlers will be resettled through monetary compensation, stock bonus plan, land requisition, land circulation and so on, in addition, the interests that resettlers get in different modes can be linked to the land management right that resettlers enjoyed in inundation area and the combination of resettlment’s government-orientation and market-orientation can be achieved gradually in this way as well. Finally, some related policies as well as suggestions are put forward.Key words: Reservoir resettlers；land adjustment；interest conflict；land compensation mechanism1 南水北调中线工程水库移民试点安置方式及评价丹江口水库作为南水北调中线工程的水源地，坝顶高程由162m加高到176.6m，正常蓄水位由157m提高到170m。