中央文献翻译部编译政治经济词汇英汉对照

Deepening reform and opening up 深化改⾰扩⼤开放 The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 建设有中国特⾊的社会主义理论 The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论 One focus， two basic points ⼀个中⼼，两个基本点 Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中⼼ Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则 Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改⾰开放 Seizing the opportunity， deepening the reform，抓住机遇，深化改⾰ opening wider to the rest of the world， promoting development，扩⼤开放，促进发展， maintaining stability 保持稳定 Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces 是否有利于发展社会主义⽣产⼒ Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country 是否有利于增强综合国⼒ Whether it would be beneficial to raising people‘s living standard 是否有利于提⾼⼈民⽣活⽔平 Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体 Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展 Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建⽴ Deepening economic reform 深化经济改⾰ Relationships among reform， development and stability 改⾰发展和稳定的关系 Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改⾰与促进发展 Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步 Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位 Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第⼀⽣产⼒ Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制 A series of policies and measures ⼀系列政策措施 Reform and opening up policy 改⾰开放政策 Reform measures 改⾰措施 Speed up reform 加快改⾰ Reform of economic system 经济体制改⾰ Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改⾰ Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理 Reform ofmanagement of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改⾰ Reform of property rights system 产权制度改⾰ Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改⾰ Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改⾰ Reform of personnel system ⼈事制度改⾰ Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改⾰ Reform of housing system 住房制度改⾰ Planning system 计划管理体制 Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能 Open door policy 开放政策 Open economy 开放经济 Open-door to the outside world 对外开放 Opening up 扩⼤开放 Open domestic market 开放国内市场 Introduce foreign capital， advanced technology and 引进外国的资⾦，先进技术和 managerial experiences 管理经验 Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区 Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区 One country， two systems ⼀国两制 Special administrative region 特别⾏政区 Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制 to the household Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩⼩贫富差距 Eliminate poverty 消除贫困 Common prosperity 共同富裕 ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济 Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济 Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分 State-owned economy 国有经济 Non-state economy ⾮国有经济 Collective economy 集体经济 Individual economy 个体经济 Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存 Sustained， rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展 National economic budget 国民经济预算 Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展 Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略 Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论 Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策 Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象 Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济 Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展 Commodity economy 商品经济 Market economy 市场经济 Free market economy ⾃由市场经济 Developed market economy 发达的市场经济 Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济 Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济 Mature market economy 成熟市场经济 Market economy country 市场经济国家 Extensive economy 粗放型经济 Intensive economy 集约型经济。

中英翻译【中国特色政治词汇】－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－CHINA’S POLITICS中国特色政治词汇“一国两制”“One Country, Two Systems”“一中一台”"One China, One Taiwan"“两个中国”"Two Chinas"（两岸）直接三通Three Direct Links (Mail, Air And Shipping Services And Trade) 两千三百万台湾同胞23 Million Taiwan Compatriots两会(人大，政协) Two Conferences (Npc And Cppcc)“三个代表”“Three Represents”“三个代表”重要思想The Important Thought Of Three Represents三八红旗手Woman Pace-Setter三大历史任务The Three Major Historical Tasks三个有利于Three Favorables三农问题“ Agriculture, Countryside And Farmer” Issues《中美三个联合公报》The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技）Four Modernizations四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles四中全会The Fourth Plenary Session和平共处五项原则The Five Principles Of Peaceful Coexistence八项主张The Eight-Point Proposal“八个坚持、八个反对”"Eight Do's" And "Eight Don'ts"“八七”扶贫攻坚计划The Seven-Y ear Program To Help 80 Million People Out Of Poverty “九五”计划The Ninth Five-Y ear Plan (1996-2000)“十五”计划The Tenth Five-Y ear Plan (2001-2005)第十五届中央委员会the 15th central committee of the communist party of china (CPC)十六大16th Party Congress十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session Of The Eleventh Central Committee “南南合作”“South -South Cooperation”“南北对话”“ North-South Dialog”“台独”, 台湾独立"Taiwan Independence"“引进来”和“走出去”政策“Bring In" And "Going Out"爱国民主人士patriotic democratic personages爱国统一战线patriotic united front爱国主义精神patriotism安居乐业live and work in peace and contentment昂扬向上的精神状态an enterprising spirit澳门Macao澳门特别行政区同胞our compatriots in the Macao SAR霸权主义hegemonism百花齐放a hundred flowers blossom百家争鸣a hundred schools of thought contend 边疆稳定the stability in border areas人大常委会the standing committees边远地区remote areas波澜壮阔a magnificent upsurge博大精深extensive and profound不变质never degenerating感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

两会热点问题之经济篇给予财政资助support financially开发/ 青睐中国市场tap / favor the Chinese market阻碍...的经济发展handicap (hamper) the economic development加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and restructuring夺回失去的市场take back lost market扩大消费市场expand consumption market改善投资环境improve the environment for investment加强风险防范prepare oneself against possible risks遵循市场经济的规律follow the law of market economy牟取暴利seek excessive profits从国外引进先进技术introduce advanced technology from abroad优胜劣汰select the superior and eliminate the inferior保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers取缔非法收入ban unlawful incomes (ban illegal earnings)控制通货膨胀control inflation (keep inflation under control)吸引外商投资attract foreign investment促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)刺激国内需求stimulate domestic need加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition为当地人带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to the local people两会热点问题词汇之国际关系篇边界地区frontier region, border region边界谈判boundary negotiation二百海里海洋权200-nauticalmile maritime rights公认的国际关系原则generally-accepted principles of international relations关系正常化normalization of relations国际法准则an established principle of international law国界national boundary互谅互让mutual understanding and mutual accomodation互通有无exchange of needed goods领海territorial sea领海范围limits of territorial sea领海宽度breadth of territorial sea领空territorial air领土的不可割让性inalienability of territory领土管辖权territorial jurisdiction领土毗连territorial contiguity领土完整territorial intergrity全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons唯一合法政府sole legal goverment友好往来friendly exchanges有争议的地区disputed areas中立国neutral state, neutralized state永久中立国neutralized state主权国家sovereign state专属经济区exclusive economic zone保持中立to maintain neutrality保卫国家主权和民族资源to safeguard natinal sovereignty and natinal resouces 采取协调行动to take concerted steps发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benifit, and prolonged stability发展民族经济to develop the national economy建立正常的国家关系to establish normal state relations求得公平合理的解决to seek a fair and reasonable solution取长补短to make up for each other's deficiencies通过外教途径进行谈判to negotiate through diplomatic channels维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护世界和平to safeguard world peace用和平手段解决争端to solve disputes by peaceful means照顾现实情况in consideration of the actual conditions两会热点问题词汇之医疗卫生篇城市社区卫生服务中心community health service centers in urban areas城镇职工基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system for urban employees 国家食品药品监督管理局State Food and Drug Administration基本医疗卫生服务basic medicare and health service假劣药品counterfeit and low-quality drugs劳保医疗制度labor medicare system农村合作医疗rural cooperative medical service全国公共卫生体系national public health system食品卫生法Food Hygiene Law突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系medical treatment system for public health emergencies推进医院后勤服务的社会化commercialize logistic service in medical institutions 卫生部Ministry of Health卫生防疫站sanitation and anti-epidemic station乡镇卫生院health clinics in towns and townships药品生产流通体制pharmaceutical production and distribution system医疗制度改革reform of the health care system政府公共卫生管理职能government’s role in public health administration。

政治学专用词汇一院制 Unicameral一党制国家 One—party States人权 Human rights人权宣言 Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会 Trade unions下议院 House of Commons上议院 House of Lords个人主义 Individualism女权主义 Feminism马列主义 Marxism—Leninism马克思主义 Marxism马基雅维里主义 Machiavelli王权 Crown无产阶级 Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义 Anarchism专制 Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权 Separation of powers公共行政 Public administration公民权利 Civil rights公民自由 Civil liberties正义 Justice可审判性 Justiciability平等 Equality奴隶制 Slavery占统治地位的党 Dominant party代表 Delegate代议员 Representative代议制政府 Representative government代表制 Representation主权 Sovereignty市民社会 Civil society市（镇）长 Major立宪主义 Constitutionalism立宪政体 Constitutional government立法机关 Legislatures 立法否决 Legislative veto立法委员会 Legislative committees立法起草 Legislative drafting半总统制 Semi-presidential systems议长 Speaker议会制度 Parliamentary system司法机构 Judiciary司法行政官 Magistrate司法审查 Judicial review民主 Democracy民主党 Democratic Party民主集中制 Democratic centralism民意测验 Opinion polls共产党 Communist Parties共和国 Republic机构/制度 Institution权力 Power权利 Rights权利法案 Bill of rights权威 Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官 Prefect地方政府 Local government地方政府财政 Local government finance 地方政治 Local politics同意 Consent同意投票 Approval voting团体理论 Group theory邦联 Confederation邦联条例 Articles of Confederation自由 Freedom自由党 Liberal parties自由裁量权 Discretion自决 Self-determination自治 Self-government自治领 Dominion行为主义 Behaviouralism行政 Administration行政机关 Executives行政委员 Administrative board行政法庭 Administrative tribunal行政法院 Administrative court州长 Governor多元主义 Pluralism多元社会 Plural society多头制 Polyarchy多数派政府 Majority government多数统治 Majority rule决策 Decision making决策理论 Decision theory农奴制 Serfdom阶层/阶级 Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯 Madison,James苏格拉底 Socrates极权主义 Totalitarianism否决权 Veto投票 Voting投票率 Turnout护宪 Entrenchment财产权 Property利益 Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团 Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体 Community社团主义 Corporatism社会主义 Socialism社会民主主义 Social democracy社会契约论 Social contract君主制 Monarchy责任 Responsibility责任政府 Responsible government直接民主 Direct democracy直接行动 Direct action托马斯.杰斐逊 Thomas.Jefferson欧洲议会 European Parliament欧洲共同体 European Community歧视 Discrimination国际法 International Law国家 State国家元首 Head of state国家消亡 Withering away of the state 国家财政危机 Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗 Civil disobedience非暴力行为 Non-violent action制定法 Statute Law制衡 Checks and balance委任 Patronage委员会 Commission质询 Interpellation法 Law法令 Act法官 Judge法治 Rule of law法律的正当程序 Due process of law法案，议案 Bill宗教自由 Freedom of religion审判 Adjudication审查制度 Censorship官僚制/官僚 Bureaucracy实证主义 Positivism封建主义 Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体 Polity政纲 platform政变Coup D’etat政府 Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑 Head of government政府调查 Public inquiry政治 Politics政治义务 Political obligation政治文化 Political culture政治中的种族问题 Race in politics政治心理学 Political psychology政治发展 Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究 Political behaviour政治地理学 Political geography政治权力 Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通 Political communication政治体系/政治系统 Political system政治参与 Political participation政治财政 Political finance政治科学 Political science政治社会化 Political socialization政治社会学 Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度 Political attitudes政治腐败 Political corruption政治继承 Political succession政治理论 Political theory政治暴力 Political violence政治影响 Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio 政党分赃制 Spoils system政党认同 Party identification政党代表大会 Party convention政党功能 Parties,political:functions of 政党组织 Party organization政党核心集团 Machine政党秘密会议 Caucus政策分析 Policy analysis政策实施 Implementation政策输出研究 Policy output studies城市政府 City government城邦国家 City state贵族/贵族制 Aristocracy思想库 Think tank守政府 Caretaker government选区 Constituency选民登记 Registration of electors选择投票 Ticket-splitting选择领导 Leadership selection选举 Elections选举团 Electoral college选举纲领 Election program选举制度 Electoral system选票 Ballot重农主义 Physiocracy重划选区 Redistribution重商主义 Mercantilism 种族灭绝 Genocide种族主义 Racism种族隔离 Apartheid顺从 Deference保守主义 Conservatism保守党 Conservative parties保护主义 Clientelism修正主义 Revisionism独立机构 Independent agency独立宣言 Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义 Authoritarianism独裁制 Autocracy帝国 Empire帝国主义 Imperialism美国革命 American Revolution美国国会 Congress美国辉格党 Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime ministerPrime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工 General strike总督 Governor-General派别 Faction咨询和同意 Advice and consent宣传 Propaganda宪法 Constitutional law宪法规约 Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治 Theocracy神授王权 Divine right of kings费边主义 Fabianism绝对专制主义 Absolutism统治阶级 Ruling class统治能力 Governability恐怖 Terror恐怖主义 Terrorism格劳修斯 Grotius监护 Tutelage监察专员 Ombudsman党派首领 Boss罢免 Recall恩格斯 Engels缺席投票 Absence voting特权 Prerogative特许状 Charter秘密警察 Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择 candidate selection爱国主义 Patriotism被保护国 Protectorate竞争性政党制度 Competitive party system 竞选运动 Election campaign部门 Department部长，部 Minister/Ministry部长会议 Council of Ministers准司法 Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织 Quango资历制 Seniority资产阶级 Bourgeoisie资本主义 Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义 Romanticism宽容 Toleration家长型控制 Paternalism调查委员会 Select committee预算，预算编制 Budget/Budgeting陪审团 Jury理性 Rationality理性选择方法 Rational choice教权主义 Clericalism教会与国家 Church and State基本权利 Fundamental right基层党组织 Primary party organization 职能代表 Functional representation授权立法 Delegated legislation授权学说 Mandate theory常设委员会 Standing committee累计投票 Cumulative vote唯心主义 Idealism领导 Leadership第二院，上议院 Second chambers康德 Kant混合政府 Mixed government 弹劾 Impeachment隐私 Privacy殖民统治 Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主 Consociational democracy联合国 United Nations联邦制 Federalism联邦党人文集 Federalist Papers联盟，联合 League超载 Overload超国家政府 Supranational government 博爱 Fraternity斯大林 Stalin斯宾诺莎 Spinoza亚当.斯密 Adam.Smith最低下限 Droop quota最高行政法院 Conseil d’A etat最高法院 Supreme court黑格尔 Hegal辉格党与托利党 Whigs and Tories等级 Estates集体主义 Collectivism集体行动 Collective action集体领导 Collective leadership集合理论 Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票 Block vote普通法 Common law游说 Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票 Compulsory voting鼓励性行动 Affirmative action马丁.路德 Martin.Luther解散议会 Dissolution of parliament 意识形态 Ideology新左派 New Left新右派 New Right新政 New deal新教政党 Protestant parties福利国家 Welfare state群众性政党 Mass membership party僭主制/暴政 Tyranny寡头制 Oligarchy寡头政治铁律 Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义 Elites,Elitism精英理论 Doctrine of elites腐败选区 Rotten borough弊政 Maladministration熊彼特 Schumpeter影子内阁 Shadow cabinet暴力 Violence潘恩 Paine 霍布斯 Hobbes穆勒 Mill激进主义 Radicalism激进政党 Radical parties整体主义 Holism辩证法 Dialectic辩证唯物主义 Dialectical materialism 警察 Police警察国家 Police state。

马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。