【词汇】常用政治与行政术语英文翻译

执法部门law-enforcingdepartments群众组织massorganizations保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下toensuretheworksofstateorganizationsbeputundersocialsupervision深入开展反腐败斗争todeepentheanticorruptioncampaign廉正建设theconstructionofhonestadministering社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利.Theessenceandcoreofsocialistdemocraticpoliticsis thatthepeoplearethemastersandtheyreallyenjoyvariousdemocraticrightsendowedbylaws集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collectiveleadership, democraticcentralism,case-specificconsultation,decisionthroughmeeting全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民servethepeopleheartandsoul,workforthepublicandassumespowerforthepeople社会主义制度socialistsystem社会变革socialtransformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业thecauseofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics中华民族的伟大复兴thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation小康社会、小康生活well-to-dosociety,well-to-dolife四项基本原则FourCardinalPrinciples社会主义初级阶段theprimarystageofsocialism党管干部的原则theprincipleofthePartyassumingtheresponsibilityforcadres’affairs集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定collectiveleadership,democraticcentralism,case-specificconsultation,decisionthroughmeeting基本国策basicstatepolicy精神文明intellectualandideologicaldevelopment物质文明materialprogressc onstructionofacleangovernment廉政建设权利下放delegate/decentralizepowertothelowerlevelss ocialmorality人浮于事overstaffed社会风气社会风尚s ocialgraces;socialgraciousness物质文明materialprogress私abusepowerforpersonalgains以权谋与国际接轨gear⋯tointernationalconventions政企分开separategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement 监督部门l aw-enforcingdepartmentsandsupervisory执法institutions中国国情China'sactualconditions综合国力theoverallnationalstrength遵纪守法observedisciplineandabidebythelaw改革开放reformandopenup(totheoutsideworld解放思想、实事求是e mancipatingthemind,seekingtruthfromthefacts全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民servethepeopleheartandsoul,workforthepublicandassumes powerforthepeople依法治国和以德治国theruleoflawandtheruleofvirtue社会主义物质文明和精神文明materialandspiritualcivilizations ofsocialism人民民主专政thepeople'sdemocraticdictatorship民主集中制、党内民主democraticcentralism,inner-Partydemocracy democraticdecision-making民主决策democraticelections民主选举democraticmanagement民主管理DemocraticProgressiveParty民进党democraticsupervision民主监督DengXiaopingtheory邓小平理论deputytotheNationalPeople'sCongress全国人大代表extensiveandprofound博大精深extravaganceandwaste铺张浪费falsification弄虚作假familyplanning计划生育federationsofindustry工商联梏fettersofsubjectivismandmetaphysics主观主义和形而上学的桎“台独”fightagainst"TaiwanIndependence"反对good-neighborlyrelationship睦邻友好governmentfunctions政府职能governmentinstitutions政府机构governmentintervention政府干预governmentorgans政府机构(have)agoodgovernmentandaunitedpeople政通人和historicbreakthrough历史性突破holdhighthegreatbannerofDengXiaopingtheory高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜honesty诚实守信honestyandhighefficiency廉洁高效HongKongAndMacaospecialadministrativeregions香港、澳门特别行政区ideologicalandmoraleducation思想道德建设intellectuals知识分子intensifyfunctions强化功能internationalorganizations国际性组织internationalsituation国际形势ironoutdifferences化解歧见keeppacewiththetimes与时俱进kingpin支撑long-termpeaceandorder长治久安long-termsocialstabilityandsolidarity长期社会安定团结MaoZedongthought毛泽东思想MarxismLeninism马克思列宁主义massorganizations人民团体mastersofthecountry当家作主materialandculturalneedsofthepeople人民的物质文化需要materialandspiritualcivilization物质文明和精神文明mediaandpublicitywork宣传舆论工作moralkingpin精神支撑morality,intelligence,physiqueandart德智体美nationalrejuvenationthroughscienceandeducation科教兴国nationalreunification祖国统一nationalspirit民族精神negotiationsonpeacefulreunification和平统一谈判neighborhoodcommittee居委会NPCmember人大代表ourcompatriotsinTaiwan台湾同胞patriotsfromallwalksoflife各界爱国人士patrioticdemocraticpersonages爱国民主人士patrioticunitedfront爱国统一战线peaceanddevelopment和平与发展peace,justiceandprogress和平，正义，进步proceedfromournationalconditions从我国国情出发promoteall-roundsocialprogress促进社会全面进步realmofideology意识形态领域reformandopening-up改革开放reform,developmentandstability改革发展稳定rule(run)thecountrybylaw依法治国rule(run)thecountrybyvirtue以德治国runningtheparty,stateandarmy治党治国治军survivalanddevelopment生存和发展sustainabledevelopment可持续发展systemofregionalethnicautonomy民族区域自治制度theChinesepeopleofallethnicgroups全国各族人民thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation中华民族的伟大复兴thepeopleofallsocialstrata社会各阶层人们theprovincialandmunicipal(prefectural)governments省、市（地）两级地方政府twoconferences(NPCandCPPCC)两会（人大，政协）unified,open,competitiveandorderly统一、开放、竞争、有序vigilanceagainstrisks抗风险能力vitality,creativityandcohesionofanation民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力citizens'participationinpoliticalaffairs公民政治参与civicduty公民职责civilrights/civilliberties公民权利、自由civilservants公务员。

行政即决行为 summary administrative act行政监察 administrative supervision; supervision over administration行政监督 administrative supervision; supervision by administration; supervision by the executive 行政检查 administrative inspection行政鉴定 administrative appraisal行政救济穷尽原则 doctrine of exhaustiveness(of administrative remedies)行政拘留 administrative attachment; administrative detention行政决定 administrative decision; executive decision行政控制 administrative control; executive control行政决议 administrative resolution行政命令 administrative order; executive command; executive order法律英语 行政判决 administrative judgment行政侵权 administration tort行政请愿 administrative petition行政协理 administrative assistant具体行政行为 specific administrative act行政安排 administrative arrangement行政控诉 administrative appeal违法行政行为 administrative act in violation of law警告 admonition司法建议 judicial advice具体行政行为 specific administrative act抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act行政案件 administrative case行政补偿 administrative recuperation行政不作为 administrative omission行政部门 administrative department; executive branch行政裁定 administrative ruling行政裁定书 administrative ruling in writing行政裁决 administrative adjudication行政裁量 administrative discretion行政裁判 administrative adjudication行政程序法 administrative procedure law行政裁判所 administrative tribunal行政程序 administrative procedure行政程序法 administrative procedure law行政程序立法 administrative procedure legislation行政程序违法 violation of law of administrative procedure行政处罚 administrative penalty; administrative punishment行政处罚的简易程序 summary procedures for administrative penalties行政处罚的听证程序 procedure on hearing of administrative penalties行政处罚决定书 written decision of administrative penalty行政处分 administrative sanction行政处理 administrative handling行政措施 administrative measure; executive action法律英语 行政复议 administrative reconsideration行政申诉 administrative appeal行政审查 administrative examination行政审判 administrative adjudication; administrative trial行政申诉状 written administrative appeal限制人身自由权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the personal liberty限制行为权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the right of personal freedom 行政干涉 administrative interference行政干预 administrative intervention行政告知 administrative notice行政割让 cession of administration行政公函 official letter行政公开原则 principle of administrative openness。

request the consent of ...征求…的同意Information service新闻处diplomat外交官diplomatic rank外交官衔diplomatic representative外交代表ambassador大使ambassador-at-large巡回大使special envoy特使counselor参赞consul-general总领事consul领事charge d'affaires代办attache随员commercial attache商务专员cultural attache文化专员military attache武官foreign affairs外交事务diplomatic practice外交惯例diplomatic immunities外交豁免diplomatic privileges外交特权diplomatic channels外交途径diplomatic courier外交信使diplomatic bag外交邮袋diplomatic pouch外交邮袋letter of credence/credentials国书communique公报announcement公告announcement通告letter of introduction介绍书National People's Congress全国人民代表大会Fifteenth National Congress第十五次全国代表大会Standing committee常务委员会National Committee全国委员会Chairman委员长Vice Chairpersons副委员长State Council国务院Premier总理Vice Premier副总理State Councillors国务委员Central Committee中央委员会State President国家主席Chairman主席Vice Chairman副主席General Secretary总书记Central Military Committee中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court最高人民法院Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Public Security公安部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Communications交通部Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Personnel人事部memorandum/aide-memoire备忘录statement声明mutual recognition互相承认de jure recognition法律承认de facto recognition事实上承认identification card身份证Ministry of Justice司法部Propaganda Department宣传部People's organization人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部Consulate-general总领事馆Consulate领事馆Liaison office联络处Military attache's office武官处certificate of appointment委任证书exequatur许可证书proceed to take up one's post赴任express regret表示遗憾object to提出异议take up a matter with向…交涉lodge a protest with向…提出抗议verbal note普通照会circular note通知照会normalization正常化present one's credentials递交国书exchange ambassadors互派大使persona grata受欢迎的人during one's absence离任期间declaration/manifesto宣言letter of recall召回公文note(外交)照会formal note正式照会establish consular relations建立领事关系assume one's post就任resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系“机构改革”（reform of the organizational structure）“三讲”（three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)）“三个代表”（three represents theory）“减轻农民负担”（alleviate farmer’s burden）“理顺关系”（rationalize the relationship）解放思想”（emancipate our minds）“打破禁区”（break off a forbidden zone）“转换脑筋”（change ideas）坚持正确的“舆论导向”（direction of public opinion）“抓住机遇”（seize the opportunity）破除“旧观念”（old perceptions）、废除干部“职务终身制”（life-long tenure）“论资排辈”（to assign priority according to seniority）“公务员制度”（civil service）“竞聘上岗”(compete for the post)。

一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolutionand counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formationprocess政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Politicalobligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Politicalaction committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(andPesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Politicalintegratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration ofIndependence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Primeministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidentialsystem总罢工Generalstrike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Conventionoftheconstitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive partysystem竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Selectcommittee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice 教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government 联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’A etat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’sorganization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin●解散议会社会工作：social work●社会工作者：socialworker●案主：client●个案社会工作：socialcase work●团体社会工作：socialgroup/team work●社区社会工作：socialcommunity work●社会工作导论：Theintroduction ofsocial work●社会工作实务：socialwork practice●做好事的人：do-gooders●预防贫穷协会:theSociety for thePrevention of Pauperism●慈善组织协会:the CharityOrganization Society●睦邻运动:the settlementmovement●汤恩比馆:Toybee Hall●霍尔馆:Hull House●《社会保障法案》:SocialSecurity Act●《济贫法》:The Elizabeth PoorLaw●《社会诊断》:Social Diagnosis●全美社会工作者协会：theNational Association of SocialWorkers●社会福利：social welfare●人类行为的生态学模式：Ecological model of humanbehavior●人类行为的医学模式： MedicalModel of Human Behavior●人格紊乱： personalitydisorders●客观事实：objective facts●主观感受：subjective feelings●问题觉醒：problem awareness●家庭暴力：domestic violence●老年人虐待 elder abuse●遗弃： abandonment●忽视：neglect●吸毒：addiction disorders●社会学概论：Introduction toSociololgy●社会问题：social issues●社会调查：social research●弱势群体：Vulnerable groups●/a disadvantaged minority●独身子女： the only child●单亲家庭：a single parent family农民工：migrant workers●社会排斥：social exclusion●社会融合：social integration●社会救助：social assistance●功能主义：functionalistperspective●镜中我：looking-glass self●机械团结:mechanical solidarity●越轨：delinquency●矫治： Correction●社会调查的理论与方法 Theories& Methods for SocialInvestigation●社会调查方法 Methods forSocial Investigation●社会工作 Social Work●社会统计分析与SYSTAT应用Social Statistics Analysis &SYSTAT Application●社会统计学 Social Statistics●社会问题研究 Research onSocial Problems●社会心理学 Social Psychology●社会学概论 Introduction toSociololgy●社会学简论 Brief Introductionto Sociology●社会学理论专题 Current Issuesin Theories of Socilolgy●社会学问题研究 Research onProblems of Sociology●社会学研究方法 ResearchMethods of Sociology●社会主义财政学 Finance ofSocialism●社会主义各国政，经体制讨论Discussion on Political &Economic Systems in Socialism ●社会学 Sociology●社会工作者 Social worker●案主 Client●社会问题 Social problem●社会心理 Social mental state ●社会调查 The societyinvestigates●个案社会工作 Social cases work ●团体社会工作 Social group work ●社区社会工作 social Communitywork●社工导论 The introdution ofsocial work●社会调查应用 the applicationfor society investigates●家庭暴力 Domestic violence●失恋 Disappoint in love●人在情境中 Person in situation ●弱势群体 disadvantaged groups ●社会保障 social security●社会福利制度the socialwelfare system●社会公德 social morality●单亲家庭 single parent family ●独生子女 the only child●失业率 rate of unemployment ●民工 the imigrant worker●社会学概论 Introduction toSociology●社会工作概论 Introduction toSocial Work●社会心理学 Social Psychology ●国外社会学学说 SociologicalTheories in the West●社会调查与研究方法 SocialSurvey & Research Method●社会统计与计算机应用 SocialStatistics and Application ofComputer●马克思主义社会学经典著作选读Selected Readings ofMarxist-Leninist Classics●社会保障与社会福利 SocialSecurity & Social Welfare●当代社会学理论 ModernSociological Theories●社会政策 Social Policy ●文化人类学CulturalAnthropology●中国社会思想史History of SocialTheories in China●人口社会学Sociology ofPopulation●农村社会学 RuralSociology●城市社会学 UrbanSociology●家庭社会学Sociology of Family●发展社会学Sociology ofDevelopment●经济社会学Economic Sociology●组织社会学Sociology ofOrganization●专业英语 Englishfor Sociology●社会学专题讲座Issues of Sociology●民俗学 FolkloreStudies●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●宗教社会学Sociology ofReligion●教育社会学Sociology ofEducation●越轨与犯罪社会学Sociology ofDeviance & Crime●当代社会的生活文化Life Style in CurrentSociety●西方社会思想史History of WesternSocial Thought●社会问题 SocialProblems●社会分层与社会流动SocialStratification &Mobility●科学社会学Sociology ofEducation●社会项目评估和统计指标 StatisticalIndexes & uation ofSocial Projects●文化社会学Cultural Sociology●历史社会学Historical Sociology●政治社会学 PoliticalSociology●法律社会学 Sociology of Law●环境社会学 Sociology ofEnvironment●劳动社会学 Sociology of Labor●公共关系 Public Relations●团体工作 Group Work●社区工作 Community Work●社会工作实习 Practice ofSocial Work●社会行政 SocialAdministration●数据分析技术 StatisticalPackage & Applications for theSocial Sciences●贫困与发展 Poverty andDevelopment●社会性别研究 Gender Studies●家庭社会工作 Family SocialWork●临床社会工作 Clinical SocialWork●社会立法 Social lagislation●老年社会工作 GerontologicalSocial Work●青少年越轨与矫治 JuvenileDelinquency & Correction●社区服务 Community Services●心理咨询 PsychologicalCounseling●整合社会工作实务 IntegrativeSocial Work Practice●社会工作专业英语 English forSocial Work●保险与信托 Insurance andEntrustment●教学实习 Teaching Practice●管理学 Management Theory● Administration 行政● Basic assumptions andprinciples of ~ 行政的基本假定与原则● Collaboration in 行政工作的合并● In community organization 社区组织中的行政● Consultation in 行政咨询● Defined 行政的定义● Importancy of 行政的重要性● Interagency coopration 行政的重要性● Shifting power in 行政分权● Supervision in 行政督导● social workers'club 社工俱乐部● Administration in social work(journal ) 《社会工作行政》（杂志）● Adolescents 青少年● Drug abuse and 吸毒与青少年● Health care services 青少年卫生保健服务● Pregnancy and 怀孕与青少年● Suicide and 自杀与青少年● Adoption 领养● Applicants for 申请领养人● Indepengdent placements 独立安置● Open 公开领养● Sa fe families act 《领养与安全家庭法案》sDissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。

行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照1. administration 行政管理2. administrative procedures 行政程序3. administrative law 行政法4. administrative agency 行政机关5. administrative discretion 行政裁量权6. administrative tribunal 行政法庭7. administrative appeal 行政申诉8. administrative enforcement 行政执法9. administrative inspection 行政检查10. administrative supervision 行政监督11. administrative sanction 行政处罚12. administrative punishment 行政处分13. administrative contract 行政合同14. administrative order 行政命令15. administrative document 行政文件16. administrative rule 行政规则17. administrative regulation 行政法规18. administrative decision 行政决定19. administrative act 行政行为20. administrative power 行政权力21. administrative responsibility 行政责任22. administrative accountability 行政问责制23. public administration 公共行政24. public management 公共管理25. public policy 公共政策26. public finance 公共财政27. public service 公共服务28. public interest 公共利益29. public participation 公众参与30. public opinion 公众舆论31. public relations 公共关系32. public image 公共形象33. public trust 公共信任34. civil administration 民政35. civil service 公务员36. civil society 民间社会37. civil society organization 民间社会组织38. civil rights 公民权利39. civil liberties 公民自由40. civil law 民法41. civil liability 民事责任42. civil procedure 民事诉讼程序43. civil judgment 民事判决44. civil execution 民事执行45. civil mediation 民事调解46. civil arbitration 民事仲裁47. civil compensation 民事赔偿48. civil contract 民事合同49. civil code 民法典50. social administration 社会管理51. social policy 社会政策52. social welfare 社会福利53. social security 社会保障54. social insurance 社会保险55. social assistance 社会救助56. social work 社会工作57. social welfare organization 社会福利组织58. social responsibility 社会责任59. economic administration 经济管理60. economic policy 经济政策61. economic reform 经济改革62. economic development 经济发展63. economic growth 经济增长64. economic efficiency 经济效率65. economic globalization 经济全球化66. economic integration 经济一体化67. economic competition 经济竞争68. economic cooperation 经济合作69. economic integration 经济一体化70. economic regulation 经济调节71. economic supervision 经济监管72. economic security 经济安全73. economic law 经济法74. economic analysis 经济分析75. environmental administration 环境管理76. environmental policy 环境政策77. environmental protection 环境保护78. environmental education 环境教育79. environmental impact assessment 环境影响评价80. environmental auditing 环境审计81. environmental compensation 环保赔偿82. resources administration 资源管理83. resources policy 资源政策84. resources development 资源开发85. natural resources 自然资源86. land resources 土地资源87. mineral resources 矿产资源88. water resources 水资源89. forest resources 林业资源90. energy resources 能源资源91. technological administration 科技管理92. technological policy 科技政策93. technological innovation 科技创新94. technological upgrading 科技升级95. technological transfer 科技转移96. intellectual property 知识产权97. patent 专利98. trademark 商标99. copyright 版权100. information administration 信息管理101. information technology 信息技术102. information security 信息安全103. information management 信息管理104. information system 信息系统105. information resource 信息资源106. information network 信息网络107. information society 信息社会108. information industry 信息产业109. tourism administration 旅游管理110. tourism policy 旅游政策111. tourism development 旅游开发112. tourism marketing 旅游营销113. tourism service 旅游服务114. tourism product 旅游产品115. tourism resource 旅游资源116. tourism infrastructure 旅游基础设施117. legal administration 法律管理118. legal education 法律教育119. legal service 法律服务120. legal aid 法律援助121. legal advice 法律咨询122. legal assistance 法律协助123. legal liability 法律责任124. legal procedure 法律程序125. legal system 法律体系126. legal philosophy 法学哲学127. legal history 法律史128. legal theory 法律理论129. international administration 国际管理130. international law 国际法131. international relations 国际关系132. international organization 国际组织133. international cooperation 国际合作134. international negotiation 国际谈判135. international communication 国际交流136. international development 国际发展137. international trade 国际贸易138. international investment 国际投资139. diplomatic administration 外交管理140. diplomatic immunity 外交豁免141. diplomatic protocol 外交礼仪142. consular service 领事服务143. embassy 大使馆144. consulate 领事馆145. visa 签证146. passport 护照147. military administration 军事管理148. military strategy 军事战略149. military tactics 军事战术150. military organization 军队组织151. military logistics 军事后勤152. military intelligence 军事情报153. military diplomacy 军事外交154. military law 军事法律155. military training 军事训练156. disaster administration 灾害管理157. disaster prevention 灾害防治158. disaster relief 灾害救援159. emergency response 应急响应160. emergency management 应急管理161. emergency preparedness 应急准备162. public safety 公共安全163. national security 国家安全164. social stability 社会稳定165. public health 公共卫生166. healthcare administration 医疗管理167. healthcare policy 医疗政策168. healthcare reform 医疗改革169. healthcare service 医疗服务170. healthcare insurance 医疗保险171. healthcare resource 医疗资源172. healthcare system 医疗体系173. nursing care 护理照料174. disease prevention 疾病预防175. health inspection 卫生检查176. health education 卫生教育177. health promotion 卫生促进178. health management 卫生管理179. health statistics 卫生统计180. health research 卫生研究181. food safety 食品安全182. drug administration 药品管理183. traditional Chinese medicine 中药学184. public transport 公共交通185. urban transport 城市交通186. transportation policy 交通政策187. transportation planning 交通规划188. transportation infrastructure 交通基础设施189. transportation service 交通服务190. transportation safety 交通安全191. transportation efficiency 交通效率192. transportation network 交通网193. transportation technology 交通技术194. transportation economics 交通经济195. transportation law 交通法律196. education administration 教育管理197. education policy 教育政策198. education reform 教育改革199. education system 教育体系200. education curriculum 教育课程201. education quality 教育质量202. education investment 教育投资203. education administration organization 教育管理机构204. higher education 高等教育205. vocational education 职业教育206. adult education 成人教育207. special education 特殊教育208. private education 私立教育209. foreign education 国外教育210. cultural administration 文化管理211. cultural policy 文化政策212. cultural heritage 文化遗产213. cultural relics 文物214. cultural industry 文化产业215. cultural exchange 文化交流216. cultural diversity 文化多样性217. cultural identity 文化认同218. cultural construction 文化建设219. cultural innovation 文化创新220. sports administration 体育管理221. sports policy 体育政策222. sports events 体育赛事223. sports facility 体育设施224. sports coaching 体育教练225. sports medicine 体育医学226. sports science 体育科学227. media management 媒体管理228. media policy 媒体政策229. media regulation 媒体监管230. media ethics 媒体伦理231. media literacy 媒体素养232. media technology 媒体技术233. media convergence 媒体融合234. media industry 媒体产业235. media globalization 媒体全球化236. public opinion survey 舆情调查237. propaganda administration 宣传管理238. propaganda policy 宣传政策239. propaganda campaign 宣传活动240. cultural propaganda 文化宣传241. news propaganda 新闻宣传242. education propaganda 教育宣传243. science and technology propaganda 科技宣传244. tourism propaganda 旅游宣传245. environmental propaganda 环境宣传246. health propaganda 卫生宣传247. public service advertising 公益广告248. public relations management 公共关系管理249. public relations strategy 公共关系战略250. crisis management 危机管理251. stakeholder management 利益相关者管理252. investor relations 投资者关系253. community relations 社区关系254. employee relations 员工关系255. media relations 媒体关系256. government relations 政府关系257. corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任258. management science 管理科学259. management theory 管理理论260. management method 管理方法261. management technique 管理技术262. management practice 管理实践263. management innovation 管理创新264. management education 管理教育265. strategic management 战略管理266. operation management 运营管理267. marketing management 市场营销管理268. financial management 财务管理269. human resource management 人力资源管理270. information management 信息管理271. technology management 技术管理272. project management 项目管理273. quality management 质量管理274. risk management 风险管理275. innovation management 创新管理276. knowledge management 知识管理277. performance management 绩效管理278. decision-making 决策279. planning 计划280. organizing 组织281. staffing 人力资源管理282. directing 领导283. controlling 控制284. delegation 授权285. motivation 激励286. leadership 领导力287. communication 沟通288. teamwork 团队合作289. conflict management 冲突管理290. time management 时间管理291. stress management 压力管理292. coaching 教练293. mentoring 导师294. supervision 监督295. evaluation 评估296. feedback 反馈297. decision support 决策支持298. software engineering 软件工程299. network engineering 网络工程300. system analysis 系统分析总结：以上行政管理专业专用词汇英汉对照，涵盖了行政管理学科及相关领域中的重要术语，涉及到的范围比较广泛，子项也比较多，如果有需要真正用到某个领域的术语，需要进一步熟悉该领域专业知识，并结合实际情况进行运用。

常用政治与行政术语英文翻译1.马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought2.新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution3.民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation ofthe people4.经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic andpolitical structure5.社会主义制度socialist system6.社会变革social transformation7.建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialismwith Chinese characteristics8.中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation9.党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism10.改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside11.中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China12.马克思主义政党Marxist political Party13.党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation14.人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship15.国民经济体系national economic system16.综合国力aggregate national strength17.国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)18.独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace19.马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamentalprinciples of Marxism with the specific situation in China20.加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality21.“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

常见的政治术语翻译政治在国家和社会的运作中起着非常重要的作用，因此政治术语也是我们在学习政治时需要掌握的重要内容。

政治术语翻译是政治学和语言学相互结合、相互协作的综合性学科，是研究将外语政治术语翻译成汉语的原则、方法和技巧的学科。

下面将列举一些常见的政治术语及其翻译。

1. Democracy（民主）民主是一个非常常见的词汇，作为一个政治术语，其译名应该准确且通俗易懂。

民主的基本含义是“人民治理”，它是一种政治权利的平等和民主决策的原则，通常是通过选举代表和公民参与政治活动实现的。

因此，汉语对民主的翻译应该准确地表达出这些含义。

2. Equality（平等）平等是与民主密切相关的政治术语，它不仅是社会公正的核心价值观，也是现代民主政治的基础原则之一。

在翻译平等的时候，要注意其词汇的语境，例如，在平等的选举中，应该翻译为“公正选举”，而在平等的分配资源中，应该翻译为“公平分配”。

3. Liberty（自由）自由是一个广泛存在于政治、哲学和文化领域的概念，其涵义可以是政治自由、表达自由、身体自由等等。

在翻译自由的时候，需要注意其上下文的含义，并寻找可以最好地表达这个概念的词汇，例如，政治自由可以翻译为“言论自由”、“示威自由”等等。

4. Authoritarianism（威权主义）威权主义是一种政治制度，它通常是由一个强大的领袖或小团体掌控政治权力的政府形式。

在翻译威权主义的时候，需要注意与其对应的“民主”相区别，准确地表达出其在政治权力分配中的权威特点。

5. Diplomacy（外交）外交是国家和国家之间以及其他国际组织之间的政治关系。

解释外交的含义需要考虑到其历史、文化、制度等方面的含义，因此在翻译外交的时候，需要注意到外交任务不仅仅局限在政治谈判、边界问题等类似领土争端等问题上，还包括国际安全等其他领域。

6. Nationalism（民族主义）民族主义是一种政治理念，它认为民族（或其它类似团体，如宗教或文化群体）自身利益高于其他任何利益，因此应该维护自身的优势和权益。

中国政治术语的英文表达以下是一些常见的中国政治术语的英文表达：1.人民民主专政：People’s democratic dictatorship2.党的领导：Leadership of the Party3.人民代表大会制度：People’s Congress system4.民主集中制：Democratic centralism5.国家主席：President of the People’s Republic of China6.总书记：General Secretary7.全国人民代表大会：National People’s Congress (NPC)8.党中央：Central Committee of the Communist Party9.五年计划：Five-Year Plan10.党纪政纪：Party discipline11.政治局：Politburo12.中央政府：Central Government13.公有制经济：Public ownership economy14.非公有制经济：Non-public ownership economy15.社会主义市场经济：Socialist market economy16.两岸关系：Cross-Strait relations17.单一制：Unitary system18.区域自治：Regional autonomy19.多党合作：Multi-party cooperation20.全国人民代表大会常务委员会：Standing Committee of theNational People’s Congress请注意，对于一些特定的政治术语，可能存在不同的翻译版本。

以上提供的英文表达是常见的翻译方式，但具体表达可能会因上下文和语境而有所不同。

政治学与行政管理学专用英语词汇一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties 正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees 立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion 自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism 否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group 言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism 社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage 委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy 实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform 政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Politicalattitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of 政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid 顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism 保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels 缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal 辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism警察Police警察国家Police state。

第三遍专业类词汇整理1.政治类词汇整理1.1政治类词汇汉译英表决议案to vote on the bills不记名投票secret ballot部长级会议ministerial meeting裁减冗员to cut down on overstaffing;to lay off the redundants差额选举competitive election;multicandidate election常规裁军conventional disarmament法制观念awareness of law反腐倡廉against corruption and for a clean government反分裂法the Anti-Secession Law扶贫基金relief subsidies海峡交流基金会Strait Exchange Foundation(SEF)和平共处五项原则the five principles of peaceful coexistence换届选举election at expiration of office terms基层组织primary-level organizations解放思想to emancipate the mind居民委员会neighborhood committee廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official dutiesECFA(Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement)《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》民族区域自治regional autonomy of ethnic minorities南水北调工程south-to-north water diversion project群众路线mass line扫黄打黑to crack down on gangland and pornography生计问题bread and butter issue实事求是seeking truth from the facts西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region西电东送transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region西气东输transmit natural gas from the west to the east of China乡镇企业township enterprises新型农村合作医疗制度（新农合）new type of rural cooperative medical care system行政问责制administrative accountability养老保险pension insurance system医保制度改革reform of medical insurance system以德治国to rule the country by virtue依法治国to rule the country by law医疗改革health care reform灾后重建post-disaster construction赈灾disaster relief《中美三个联合公报》the three Sino-Us joint communiqués最低生活补助minimum living/subsistence allowance1.2政治类词汇汉译英Anarchism无政府主义ACLU—American Civil Liberties Union美国公民联合会Bill of Rights人权法案brain trust政府的智囊团bureaucracy官僚政治civil rights movement民权运动Diet of Japan日本国会Declaration of Independence独立宣言Dictator独裁者Dictatorship独裁政治ethnic cleansing种族清理；种族灭绝ethnocentrism民族优越感governing party执政党grand jury大陪审团hard money价格比较稳定的钱;硬通货Islamophobia伊斯兰恐惧症IRS—Internal Revenue Service国内收入署mainstream media主流媒体Medicaid医疗补助计划Monarchy君主制NOW—National Organization for Women（美国）全国妇女组织Opposition Party反对党；在野党PETA—People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals善待动物组织PLO—Palestine Liberation Organization巴勒斯坦解放组织（简称“巴解”）prisoner swap交换俘虏POW—prison of war战俘pork barrel politics猪肉桶政治primary election初选；预选soft money软资金，非法政治资金suicide bomber自杀炸弹think tank智囊团unilateralism单边主义utilitarianism功利主义；实用主义vote of non-confidence不信任投票WMD—weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器Zionism犹太复国主义an affirmative vote赞成票veto否决权abstain弃权2.1经济类词汇汉译英保护价the protective price财政拨款financial allocation产权登记registration of property rights产业结构趋同similar industrial structure产业结构失调imbalance in the industrial structure出口退税export tax rebates创业板Growth Enterprises Board(GEB);second board粗放型经济extensive economy存款准备金率deposit-reserve ratio大中型企业large and medium enterprise第三产业Tertiary industry董事会board of directors反倾销anti-dumping非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers非国有经济non-state economy个体经济individual economy供过于求supply over demand;supply exceeds demand供求关系supply and demand relation供需平衡balance between supply and demand购买力purchasing power股东大会shareholders conference股份制企业corporate enterprise股票期权stock option(share option)国家外汇局State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE)国家外汇储备state foreign exchange reserves国有经济State-owned economy国有企业State-Owned Enterprises(SOEs)国债treasury bonds合资企业a joint venture合伙企业partnership enterprise积极的财政政策a proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy价格垄断price-fixing;price monopoly兼并与收购Merger and acquisition经济不景气recession/bleeding economy/depression/sluggish economy 经济过热overheated economy经济起飞economic take-off经济手段economy measures经济制裁economic sanction居民消费价格指数Consumer Price Index(CPI)开发区热development zone craze跨国企业集团International conglomerate亏损企业money-losing enterprise贸易集团trade bloc盲目投资haphazard investment贸易逆差trade deficit贸易平衡trade balance贸易顺差trade surplus贸易争端trade disputes母公司parent company内向型经济internal-oriented economy年度国家预算annual State budget农村信用社rural credit cooperatives期货市场future market人民币汇率形成机制the exchange rate-forming mechanism of Renminbi 人均收入per-capita income软着路soft landing融资fund-raising市场经济Market economy市场占有率market share失业率unemployment rate世界经济一体化integration of world economy世界经济多极化multi-polarization of world economy适度从紧的货币政策moderately tight monetary policy试点企业pioneer enterprise社会主义市场经济socialist market economy上市be listed上市公司public company;Listed company通货膨胀inflation通货紧缩deflation外商直接投资foreign direct investment(FDI)外商独资企业wholly foreign-owned enterprise违法占用土地illegal appropriation of farmland稳健的货币政策a prudent monetary policy新兴市场经济Emerging market economy新兴企业start-up company信贷政策credit policy信用膨胀inflation of credit抑制通货膨胀to curb inflation优胜劣汰survival of the fittest中国-亚欧博览会China-Eurasia Expo(CEA Expo)政府补贴government subsidy资产清查inspection of assets资产评估asset appraisal资产负债表Balance sheet子公司subsidiary company自主品牌self-owned brand2.2经济词汇英译汉mergers and acquisitions(M&As)企业并购Average propensity to consume平均消费倾向；一般消费倾向Average propensity to save平均储蓄倾向；一般储蓄倾向Average total cost平均总成本Balance of Payments国际收支平衡表balance of trade国际贸易差额Barter system易货交易制Bill of exchange汇票break even收支相抵；不亏不盈banking银行业Banking sector银行部门bank statement对帐单bear and bull买空卖空bear market熊市bilateral trade双边贸易brand loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度bridging loan过渡性贷款broker经纪人bubble economy泡沫经济bull market牛市business cycle商业周期business mechanism创业机制business prototype商业原型、商业模型C&F(Cost and Freight)离岸加运费价capital budget资本预算Cash bonus现金奖励cash flow现金流量CFO(Chief Finance officer)首席财务官circular economy循环经济Consumerism用户至上主义confirming bank保兑银行convertible currency可兑换的货币Comparative advantage比较优势COO(Chief Operating Officer)首席运营官Credit crunch信用紧缩；信贷紧缩Credit downgrade信用评级下调credit rating信用评级CTO(Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官Currency Depreciation贬值discount贴现；折扣discount rate贴现率duopoly双头垄断；双寡duty-free免税Elasticity of demand需求弹性Engle coefficient恩格尔系数exchange bank汇兑银行favorable balance顺差F.O.B.(Free On Board)离岸价Fortune500世界五百强free trade自由贸易gold bug黄金投资者gold reserve黄金储备government bailout政府紧急援助hedge(against)保护或防御手段，尤指防止经济损失hedge fund对冲基金a hedge against inflation防止通货膨胀的措施hands-off management疏松管理hard currency硬通货Hang Seng Index（香港）恒生指数high return高收益，高回报human capital人力资本，技能资本house mortgage房贷Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation汇丰银行（HSBC）hunger marketing饥渴营销；饥饿营销hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀Imperfect competition不完全竟争Initial Public Offering(IPO)新上市股票inflation-linked bond通胀挂钩债券junk bonds垃圾债券L/C Letter of Credit信用证make ends meet收支平衡money in circulation货币流通量National City Bank of New York花旗银行National treasury国库Newly industrializing countries(NICs)新兴工业化国家Net Asset Value(NAV)净资产值Nikkei Stock Average日经股票平均指数ODI(Outbound Direct Investment)对外直接投资outstanding debt未偿还的债务Pan-Beibu Gulf Economic Cooperation Summit(PBG)泛北部湾经济合作论坛Perfect competition完全竟争Purchase management index(PMI)采购经理指数producer price index(PPI)生产者物价指数service outsourcing服务外包Standard Charted Bank渣打银行stock/bond/securities股票/债券/证券Stock index股指stock operator股票操盘手Subprime crisis次贷危机subordinate debt次级债务Summer Davos夏季达沃斯论坛tax relief税收减除tax holiday免税期Treasury bill国库券；短期国债trust company信托公司VAT(value added tax)增值税3.科技类词汇3.1科技类词汇汉译英磁悬浮列车maglev train电话会议teleconference电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business;e-commerce对讲机talkie and walkie高科技板块high-tech sector高清晰度电视high definition TV(HDTV)高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks高新技术产业化industrial application of new and high technologies 个人数字助理PDA(personal digital assistant)国家重点实验室national key laboratories互联网服务提供商ISP(Internet Service Provider)技术密集产品technology-intensive product可行性研究feasibility studies空间科学Space Science空间试验站space laboratory垃圾邮件junk mail纳米nanometer全球移动通信系统global system for mobile communications(GSM)虚拟现实visual reality虚拟银行visual bank应用软件internet applications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation试管婴儿test-tube baby首航maiden voyage(of an aircraft or ship)同步卫星geostationary satellite外层空间outer space外星人extraterrestrial being(ET)网吧internet café,internet bar网恋cyber romance;virtual romance网络出版online publishing网络管理员network administrator网络摄象机web cam网民netizen网上冲浪web-surfing网上购物on-line shopping网上交易平台online trading platform网上书店online bookstore卫星导航satellite navigation卫星电视satellite television无人航天器unmanned spacecraft信息化informationization域名domain掌上电脑palm computer只读储存器read-only-memory(ROM)3.2科技词汇英译汉AI—artificial intelligence人工智能ATM—automatic teller machine自动取款机BBS—bulletin board system公告板biochip生物芯片biotechnology生物技术；生物工程broadband宽带CCTV—Closed Circuit Television闭路电视CPU—central processing unit计算机中央处理器genetic engineering基因工程genetic mutation基因突变genome基因图谱genetically modified animals and plants转基因动植物GM food—genetically modified food转基因食品GMOs—genetically modified organisms转基因生物GPS—global positioning system全球定位系统Hi-Fi—High Fidelity高保真HTTP—hypertext transfer protocol超文本传输协议LAN—local area network局域网MMS—Multimedia Messaging Service多媒体短信服务NASA—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration美国航天航空管理局OA—Office Automation办公自动化Smart phone智能电话SMS—Short Message Service文本短信服务3-G—Generation Three mobile communication system第三代移动通信系统UFO—unidentified flying object不明飞行物video game电子游戏WAN—wide area network广域网WAP—wireless application protocol无线应用协议Wi-Fi—wireless Fidelity无线保真4.教育类词汇4.1教育类词汇汉译英本科生undergraduate必修课程required/compulsory course毕业典礼graduation ceremony;Commencement毕业论文（大学）paper;（研）thesis（博）dissertation毕业论文答辩thesis defense毕业设计graduate project毕业证书graduation certificate博士生ph.D candidate博士后post-doctoral;post doctor博士后科研流动站center for post-doctoral studies博士学位doctor’s degree博士论文doctoral dissertation补考make-up examination成人高考the national higher education exams for self-taught adults成人教育adult education成人夜校night school for adults成绩单transcript充电update one’s knowledge初等教育elementary education大学城college town大学同等学力college equivalency大学生college student大专生junior college student定向招生students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 多科学的multi-disciplinary辅导员assistant for political and ideological work附小primary/elementary school affiliated to…附中middle/high school affiliated to….副教授associate professor高等教育higher education高等学府institution of higher education/colleges and universities高分低能high scores and low abilities高考National College Entrance Examination高校扩招the college expansion plan国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua(Mandarin)国家发明奖National Invention Prize国家重点实验室National key laboratories国家自然科学奖National Prize for Natural Science国家科技进步奖National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology函授大学correspondence university工科大学polytechnic university继续教育continuing education基础课basic course教育公平Equal Access to Education奖学金scholarship;fellowship;financial grant教研室/组teaching and research section/group教育投入input in education教学大纲teaching program;syllabus教授professor讲师lecturer九年制义务教育nine-year compulsory education考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课程表school schedule课外活动extracurricular activities科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating China through science and education客坐教授visiting professor;guest professor理工科大学college/university of science and engineering两院院士academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering民办教育non-government funded education美术学院academy of fine arts农学院college of agriculture普通高校regular institutions of higher learning旁听生auditor强化班intensive training class热门话题hot topic人才交流talents exchange人才流失brain drain人才战competition for talented people扫盲to eliminate illiteracy思想政治教育political and ideological education设计学院academy of design升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade师范大学normal university适龄儿童入学率enrolment rate for children of school age实习internship;field work硕士学位master’s degree素质教育quality-oriented education填鸭式教育cramming method of teaching脱产进修block release文科院校colleges of(liberal)arts希望工程Project Hope校训school motto校园数字化campus digitalization校友alumnus（男）;alumna（女）pl.alumni;alumnae选修课elective/optional course学费tuition fee学分credit学历record of formal schooling学龄儿童school-ager学年school/academic year学期(school)term;semester学前教育preschool education学生会students’union学时credit hours学士学位bachelor’s degree学术报告会symposium/seminar学位证书diploma;degree certificate研究生graduate student;post-graduate(student)应届毕业生graduating student;current year’s graduate应试教育exam-oriented education优化教师队伍optimize the teaching staff优化教育结构optimize the education structure远程教育distance education在职博士生on-job doctorate在职研究生on-job postgraduates智力引进recruit/introduce(foreign)talents智商intelligence quotient(IQ)职业高中（高职）vocational high school职业教育vocational education重点大学key university重点学科key disciplinary areas中等教育secondary education住宿生boarder主修课程major courses助学金stipend/subsidy/financial aid自费留学go to study abroad at one’s own expense自费研究生self-supporting/self-sponsored graduate student 综合性大学comprehensive university走读生extern;non-resident student4.2教育类词汇英译汉a grant-aided student领取助学金的学生ABD—all but dissertation准博士Adjunct Professor(美国某些大学的)副教授，兼职教授admission office招生办公室Alma Mater/alma mater母校Assistant professor助理教授Associate professor副教授BEC—Business English Certificate商务英语证书bilingual education双语教学制；双语教育Boarding school寄宿学校board expenses伙食费community college（美国）社区学院；(两年制)初级学院consecutive interpretation交替传译EMBA—Executive Master Of Business Administration高级管理人员工商管理硕士Emeritus Professor名誉教授，退休教授Exchange student交换(留)学生Functional illiteracy功能性文盲Harvard University哈佛大学heuristic education启发式教学HSK汉语水平测试IELTS—International English Language Testing System雅思，即国际英语语言测试系统IPR—intellectual property rights知识产权job shadowing旁观工作MBA—Master Of Business Administration工商管理硕士non-residential college不提供住宿的大学NYU New York University纽约大学online education网络教育Oxford University牛津大学Ph.D（哲学）博士Princeton University普林斯顿大学Research Professor研究教授；研究讲座教授residential college提供住宿的大学SAT—Scholastic Assessment Test学术能力评估测试simultaneous interpretation同声传译Stanford University斯坦福大学Student loans助学贷款TOEFL—Test of English as a Foreign Language托福考试TOEIC—Test of English for International Communication托业，即国际交流英语考试UC Berkeley加州伯克利大学Visiting Professor客座教授Yale University耶鲁大学5.环保类词汇5.1环保类词汇汉译英白色污染white pollution差别电价differential power pricing大功率电器high-power electrical appliance地面坍塌ground depression地热ground-source heat地下水groundwater电动汽车cell-driven vehicles;battery cars防风林wind breaks防沙林sand breaks海水淡化sea water desalinization环保产品environment-friendly products环境恶化environmental degradation可燃冰flammable ice可再生能源renewable energy可再生资源renewable resources绿色“生物燃料”biofuel绿化面积afforested areas;greening space垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator落后产能outdated capacity汽车尾气car exhaust森林砍伐率deforestation rate森林覆盖率forest coverage速生林fast-growing trees水土流失water and soil erosion水资源保护water resource conservation生态建筑ecological construction生态农业environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 生态旅游ecotourism酸雨acid rain世界环境日World Environment Day碳税carbon tax碳足迹carbon footprint碳减排carbon emission reduction天然气natural gas天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles无车日car-free day污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay”policy污水治理sewage treatment尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline温室效应greenhouse effect小排量汽车small-displacement(engine)vehicles一次性筷子disposable chopstick有机污染物organic pollutants造林工程afforestation project资源节约型、环境友好型社会energy-efficient,environment-friendly society5.2环保类词汇英译汉afforestation造林artificial rain人工降雨bio-diesel生物柴油bio-ethanol生物乙醇biosphere生物圈carbon dioxide(CO2)二氧化碳carbon monoxide(CO)一氧化碳clean energy清洁能源clean fuels清洁燃料crude oil原油debris flow泥石流deforestation森林开伐desertification土壤沙漠化，荒漠化disaster-affected area受灾地区drought干旱El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO)厄尔尼诺与南方涛动energy consumption能耗energy-intensive industries高耗能产业energy saving and emission reduction节能减排energy-saving lamps节能灯environmentalist环境保护主义者environment-friendly products环保产品fossil fuel矿物燃料fuel-efficient节能高效的Grain for Green Project退耕还林（还草）工程Green Credit绿色信贷heat island effect热岛效应Kyoto Protocol《京都议定书》La Nina phenomenon拉尼娜现象Natural disasters/hazards自然灾害，危害recycled water再生水reservoir水库，蓄水池sand storm沙尘暴smog工业烟雾，烟雾污染storm surge风暴潮tidal wave(a tsunami)海啸tropical cyclone热带气旋volcano erupting火山爆发UV(ultraviolet)紫外线6.医学类词汇6.1医学类词汇汉译英按摩message therapy《本草纲目》Compendium of Masteria Medica拔火罐疗法(Chinese)cupping therapy《黄帝内经》Huang Di’s Classic of Internal Medicine/Yellow Emperor’s Canon ofTraditional Chinese Medicine公费医疗free medical service挂号费registration fee化疗chemotherapy刮痧疗法skin scraping therapy with water,liquor or vegetable oil理疗physical therapy秘方secret prescription(normally of excellent curative effect)减肥lose weight经络main and collateral channels inside human body;meridian切脉feeling the pulse偏方folk prescription食补保健maintain good health through the intake of nourishing food三聚氰胺melamine手术室operation room(OR)太极拳Tai chi quan;Tai chi Chuan;Taijiquan boxing推拿medical massage穴位acupuncture point亚健康sub-health延缓衰老to defer senility阴阳五行学说the theory of yin-yang and five elements(metal,wood,water,fire, and earth)瑜珈yoga中草药Chinese herbal medicine针刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia针灸acupuncture中医学Traditional Chinese Medical Science祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one’s ancestors6.2医学类词汇英译汉AIDS(Acpuired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)艾滋病adrenalin肾上腺素aerobics有氧运动Alzheimer’s disease老年痴呆症anti-aging抗衰老antibiotics.抗生素antibody抗体asthma哮喘anthrax炭疽anti-SARS campaign抗非典斗争arthritis关节炎artificial heart人造心脏artificial hormones人造激素avian influenza(bird flu)禽流感B.O.(Body Odor)体臭bioengineering生物工程blood circulation血液循环BSE(bovino spongiform encephalopathy)疯牛病carbohydrate碳水化合物cardiologist心脏病专家cholesterol胆固醇HBV carriers乙型肝炎病毒携带者coronary disease冠心病dehydration脱水eating disorder食欲紊乱euthanasia/mercy killing安乐死foot-and-mouth disease口蹄疫genetic information遗传信息genome基因组GM food(genetically modified food)转基因食品GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)转基因生物health care products保健品high blood pressure高血压high cholesterol胆固醇过高HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)人体免疫缺损病毒，爱滋病病毒HIV-positive爱滋病病毒测试呈阳性insomnia失眠，失眠症ICU(Intensive Cure Unit)重症监护室IVF(in-vitro fertilization)试管受精laser treatment激光疗法living donor器官捐献者leukemia白血病maternity leave产假menopause更年期mental disorder精神紊乱metabolism新陈代谢obesity肥胖症OTC drugs非处方药Parkinson’s disease帕金森综合症passive smoking/second-hand smoking被动吸烟sperm bank（为人工授精提供精子的）精子库sperm donor捐献精子的人STD(Sexually Transmitted Disease)性传染病stem cell干细胞7.社会现象类词汇7.1社会现象类词汇汉译英安居工程housing project for low-income families拜金主义Money worship版权法copyright law曝光make public白马王子Prince Charming传销pyramid scheme;Pyramid selling大龄青年single youth above the normal matrimonial age 代沟generation gap独生子女the only child in one’s family盗版piracy,bootleg地下出版物underground publications吊销驾照revoke one’s driving license恶性循环vicious circle防伪标志anti-fake label扶贫poverty alleviation扶贫办公室Poverty Relief Office惯犯hardened professional(criminal)黑恶势力犯罪crimes committed by Mafia-like gangs户口薄residence booklet婚外恋have an affair/an extra-marriage affair灰色收入gray income基本养老金basic pensions交通拥塞traffic congestion敬老院home for the aged/seniors’home家政服务household management service快递公司courier firm;express company滥用职权abuse of power流动人口transient population留守孩子children left behind良性循环virtuous circle民工migrant laborer农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor(laborers)派出所local police station贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫富两极化；贫富分化polarization of wealth普及率popularity rate全国人口普查nationwide census全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign全国哀悼日national mourning days人口素质quality of population人口老龄化an aging population人口统计学demography/larithmics人口负增长negative population growth(NPG)弱势群体disadvantaged groups扫黄运动anti-porn drive/campaign社区服务community service收入分化，贫富分化income disparity上诉appeal to a higher court水货smuggled goods社会福利social welfare社会福利彩票social welfare lotteries适者生存survival of the fittest失学儿童dropouts商业炒作commercial exploitation团购group buying;group purchasing体育彩票sports lotteries文盲illiteracy务工农民migrant rural workers洗脑Brainwashing希望工程Hope Project虚拟世界virtual world用工荒labor shortage有机食品organic foods月供monthly installment payment暂住证temporary residence permit(card)肇事逃匿者hit-and-run driver住房公积金Housing public accumulation funds;Housing fund 住房问题housing issues转基因食品genetically modified(GM)food醉酒驾驶Drunk driving钻石王老五diamond bachelor7.2社会类词汇英译汉acculturation文化适应age discrimination年龄歧视antiracism education反种族主义教育altruism利他主义；利他author’s royalty著者版税，作者稿酬bar association律师协会bigamy重婚capital punishment死刑chain effect;domino effect连锁反应court of ethics道德法庭complaint center投诉中心defendant被告discrimination against women歧视妇女divorce calculator离婚计算器drug abuse吸毒drug rehabilitation center戒毒所drug trafficker毒枭drug-related crimes毒品犯罪egalitarian平等主义embezzlement盗用公款emotion quotient(EQ)情商euthanasia安乐死Feminist movement女权运动frequent property-related crimes多发性侵财犯罪Hedonism享乐主义homosexual marriage同性婚姻infant mortality婴儿死亡率job discrimination工作歧视jury陪审团juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪law of the jungle弱肉强食法则lawsuit诉讼life sentence判处无期徒刑male chauvinism男权主义思想Malthusian Theory of Population马尔萨斯人口论meatspace现实世界Money laundering洗钱narcotics squad缉毒队organized crime集团犯罪Pandora’s box潘多拉魔盒plaintiff起诉人；原告pseudo-science伪科学pro-choice主张人工流产为合法的racism种族主义Screen agers整天看电视玩电脑的孩子sexual harassment性骚扰sexual orientation性取向shoplifting在商店偷窃商品smuggling走私soup kitchen（救济农民，灾民的）施舍处，流动厨房urban legend都市传奇violent crimes严重暴力犯罪8.文化类词汇8.1文化类词汇汉译英中国传统节日Chinese Traditional Holidays中国法定节日Chinese Legal Holidays阳历Solar calendar阴历Lunar calendar过年celebrate the spring festival买年货do shopping for the spring festival;do spring festival shopping老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise春联spring festival couplets年画new year paintings版画a picture printed from an engraved or etched plate；woodcut；woodblock 除夕the Spring Festival Eve;Eve of the Lunar New Year年夜饭supper of the Chinese new year’s eve;family reunion dinner饺子jiao-zi/dumpling;Chinese meat ravioli年糕nian-gao;rice cake;new year cake春节联欢晚会the Spring Festival Gala单口相声monologue comic talk,standup comedy相声witty dialogue comedy,comic cross talk小品short sketch戏曲traditional opera京剧Peking Opera昆曲Kunqu Opera辞旧迎新to ring out the old year and ring in the new year烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers去晦气get rid of the ill-fortune拜年pay new year’s call；give new year’s greetings；pay new year’s visit 红包red packets压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year’s Gift元宵节Lantern Festival(the15th day of the first lunar month)汤圆glutinous rice dumplings in soup灯谜riddles written on lanterns清明节清明节Pure Brightness Day/Tomb-sweeping Day祭祖offer sacrifice to one’s ancesters孝道filial piety端午节Dragon Boat Festival(5th of the fifth lunar month)粽子rice dumpling舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance中秋节Moon Festibal/Mid Autumn Day(15th of the eight lunar month)重阳节Double Ninth Day/the Aged Day天干地支the heavenly stems and earthly branches本命年one’s year of birth considered in relation to the12Terrestrial Branches 十二生肖zodiac二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms闰年leap year闰月leap month佛Buddha佛教Buddhism佛教徒Buddhist道教Taoism气功Qigong;controlled breathing exercises武术martial art;Kong Fu符Talisman儒家思想Confucianism四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius五经the Five Classics《诗经》The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes《尚书》The Books of History《易经》the Book of Changes《礼记》the Book of Rites《春秋》the Spring and Autumn Annals世界文化遗产World cultural heritage故宫the Imperial Palace故宫博物院the Palace Museum紫禁城Forbidden City天坛the Temple of Heaven民间传说folklores民间艺术folk arts皮影戏shadow play;leather-silhouette show杂技acrobatics杂耍variety show说书story-telling旗袍Cheongsam唐装traditional Chinese garments(clothing),Tang suit中山装Chinese tunic suit唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝The four stationery treasure of the Chinese study—a writing brush,an ink stick,an ink stone and paper文人men of letters文物cultural relics中国画traditional Chinese painting书法calligraphy水墨画Chinese brush painting;ink and wash painting工笔traditional Chinese realistic painting中国文学Chinese literature《三字经》three-character scripture;three-word chant《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West;Pilgrimage to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes;Tales of the Water Margin《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers《史记》Records of the Grand Historian《汉书》the Book of Han《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Ruler《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio;Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio 《围城》Fortress Besieged《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q8.2文化类词汇英译汉Academy Awards学院奖（奥斯卡金像奖）action film动作片atheism无神论avant-garde（艺术风格）前卫/先锋；先锋派baby shower迎婴聚会Badger game美人计Beat generation垮掉的一代buffet自助餐cable television有线电视Catholic天主教徒Catholicity天主教Cathedral大教堂Chinese knot中国结Cultural shock文化冲击Darwinism达尔文主义Dog days七八月份的酷暑期，伏天Double agent双重间谍fable寓言homophobia对同性恋(者)的憎恶（或恐惧）high tea下午茶Hollywood blockbuster好莱坞大片Hooligan足球流氓infomercial电视购物June-December wedding双方年龄悬殊的婚姻King’s English标准英语lacquer painting漆画Love child私生子legend传说paparazzo(singular).paparazzi(plural)狗仔队Poet laureate桂冠诗人premiere首映式Pulitzer Prize普利策奖punch line广告妙语Silent contribution隐名捐款Silly money来路不明的钱Silver screen银幕，电影界special effects特效stand-in;double替身演员stunt man特技演员sonnet十四行诗taboo禁忌three-D(three-dimensional)3D电影。