《新编跨文化交际英语教程》复习资料U4

Unit1munication across CulturesSome Ideas Related to Globalization and Intercultural municationGlobalization refers to the increasing unification of the world’s economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs,e*port fees,and import quotas.The goal is to increase material wealth,goods,and services through an international division of labor by efficiencies catalyzed by international relations, specialization and petition. It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have bee integrated through munication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associatedwith the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade,foreign direct investment,capital flows,migration,the spread of technology,and military presence.However,globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a bination of economic,technological,sociocultural,political,and biological factors.The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas,languages,or popular culture through acculturation.An aspect of the world which has gone through the process can be said to be globalized.2.The Challenge of Globalization1) Globalization poses four major challenges that will have to be addressed by governments,civil society,and other policy actors.2)The second is to deal with the fear that globalization leads to instability,which is particularly marked in the developing world.3)The third challenge is to address the very real fear in the industrial world that increased global petition will lead ine*orably to a race to the bottom in wages,labor rights,employment practices,and the environment.4)And finally,globalization and all of the plicated problems related to it must not be used as e*cuses to avoid searching for new ways to cooperate in the overall interest of countries and people.Several implications for civil society,for governments and for multinational institutions stem from the challenges of globalization.1) New technology, in the form of transportation and munication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact.Trips once taking days,weeks,or even months are now measured in hours. Supersonic transports now make it possible for tourists, business e*ecutives,or government officials to enjoy breakfast in San Francisco and dinner in Paris—all on the same day.2) Innovative munication systems have also encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction.munication satellites,sophisticated television transmission equipment,and digital switching networks now allow people throughout the world to share information and ideas instantaneously.Whether via the Internet,the World Wide Web,or a N news broadcast,electronic devices have increased cultural contact.3)Globalization of the economy has further brought people together.This e*pansion in globalization has resulted in multinational corporations participating in various international business arrangements such as joint ventures and licensing agreements. These and countless other economic ties mean that it would not be unusual forsomeone to work for an organization that does business in many countries.4) Changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to the development of e*panded intercultural contact.Within the boundaries of the United States,people are now redefining and rethinking the meaning of the word American.Neither the word nor the reality can any longer be used to describe a somewhat homogeneous group of people sharing a European heritage.4.Si*Blocks in Intercultural municationAssumption of similaritiesOne answer to the question of why misunderstanding and/or rejection occurs is that many people naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to make munication easy. They e*pect that simply being human and having mon requirements of food,shelter,security,and so on makes everyone alike.Unfortunately, they overlook the fact that the forms of adaptation to these mon biological and social needs and the values,beliefs,and attitudes surrounding them are vastly different from culture to culture.The biological monalties are not much help when it es to munication, where we need to e*change ideas and information,find ways to live and work together, or just make the kind of impression we want to make.Language differencesThe second stumbling block —language difference —will surprise no one. Vocabulary,synta*,idioms,slang,dialects,and so on all cause difficulty,but the person struggling with a different language is at least aware of being in trouble.A greater language problem is the tenacity with which some people will cling tojust one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language,regardless of connotation or conte*t.The variations in possible meaning,especially when inflection and tone are varied,are so difficult to cope with that they are oftenwaved aside.This placency will stop a search for understanding. Even “yes” and “no” cause trouble. There are other language problems,including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect;e*pansive,succinct;argumentative,conciliatory;instrumental,harmonizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluations of insincerity,aggressiveness,deviousness,or arrogance,among others. Nonverbal misinterpretationsLearning the language,which most visitors to foreign countries consider their only barrier to understanding,is actually only the beginning.To enter into a culture is to be able to hear its special“hum and buzz of implication.”This suggests the third stumbling block,nonverbal misinterpretations.People from different cultures inhabit different sensory realities.They see,hear,feel,and smell only that which has some meaning or importance for them.They abstract whatever fits into their personal worldof recognition and then interpret it through the frame of reference of their own culture. The misinterpretation of observable nonverbal signs and symbols—such as gestures, postures, and other body movements —is a definite munication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable messages,usually in informal rather than formal ways.It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures,such as the handling of time and spatial relationships and the subtle signs of respect of formality.Preconceptions and stereotypesThe fourth stumbling block is the presence of preconceptions and stereotypes. If the label “inscrutable” has preceded the Japanese guests, their behaviors (including the constant and seemingly inappropriate smile) will probably be seen as such. The stereotype that Arabs are “inflammable” may cause U.S. students to keep their distance or even alert authorities when an animated and noisy group from the Middle East gathers. A professor who e*pects everyone from Indonesia, Me*ico, and many other countries to“bargain”may unfairly interpret a hesitation or request from an international student as a move to get preferential treatment.Stereotypes are over-generalized, secondhand beliefs that provide conceptual bases from which we make sense out of what goes on around us, whether or not they are accurate or fit the circumstances.In a foreign land their use increases our feelingof security.But stereotypes are stumbling blocks for municators because they interfere with objective viewing of other people.They are not easy to overe in ourselves or to correct in others,even with the presentation of evidence.Stereotypes persist because they are firmly established as myths or truisms by one’s own culture and because they sometimesrationalize prejudices.They are also sustained and fed by the tendency to perceive selectively only those pieces of new information that correspond to the images we hold.Tendency to evaluateThe fifth stumbling block to understanding between persons of differing cultures is the tendency to evaluate,to approve or disapprove,the statements and actions of theother person or group. Rather than try to prehend thoughts and feelings from the worldview of the other,we assume our own culture or way of life is the most natural. This bias prevents the open-mindedness needed to e*amine attitudes and behaviors from the other’s point of view.The mismunication caused by immediate evaluation is heightened when feelings and emotions are deeply involved;yet this is just the time when listening with understanding is most needed.The admonition to resist the tendency to immediately evaluate does not mean that one should not develop one’s own sense of right and wrong.The goal is to look and listen empathetically rather than through the thick screen of value judgments that impede a fair and total understanding.Once prehension is plete,it can be determined whether or not there is a clash in values or ideology.If so,some form of adjustment or conflict resolution can be put into place.High an*ietyHigh an*iety or tension, also known as stress, is mon in Cross-cultural e*periences due to the number of uncertainties present. The two words, an*iety and tension, are linked because one cannot be mentally an*ious without also being physically tense. Moderate tension and positive attitudes prepare one to meet challenges with energy. Too much an*iety or tension requires some form of relief, which too often es in the form of defenses, such as the skewing of perceptions, withdrawal,or hostility.That’s why it is considered a serious stumbling block.An*ious feelings usually permeate both parties in an intercultural dialogue.The hostnational is unfortable when talking with a foreigner because he or she cannot maintain the normal flow of verbal and nonverbal interaction.There are language and perception barriers;silences are too long or too short;and some other norms may be violated.He or she is also threatened by the other’s unknown knowledge, e*perience and evaluation.Reading IIntercultural munication：An Introductionprehension questions1.Is it still often the case that“everyone‟s quick to blame the alien”in theThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric.For instance,it is not unmon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most,if not all,of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2.What‟s the difference between today‟s intercultural contact and that of any time inToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in anytime in history.New technology,in the form of transportation and munication systems,has acceleratedintercultural contact;innovative munication systems have encouraged and facilitated culturalinteraction;globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4.How do you understand the sentence“culture is everything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how welive and municate within that world.Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from theinstant of birth.It is omnipresent.The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and municationare cultural values,worldview(religion),and social organizations(family and state).6. What does one‟The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing nguage is an organized,generally agreed-upon,learned symbol system thatis used to representthe e*periences within a cultural munity.People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures,postures,faciale*pressions,eye contact and gaze,touch,etc.A free,culturally diverse society can e*ist only if diversity is permitted to flourish withoutprejudice and discrimination,both of which harm all members of the society. Reading IIThe Challenge of Globalizationprehension questionsMany things,such as political changes and technological advances,have changed the worldvery rapidly.In the past most human beings were born,lived,and died within a limited geographicalarea,never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an e*istence,however,nolonger prevails in the world.Thus,all people are faced with the challenge of understanding thischanged and still fast changing world in which we live.2.What a“global village”As our world shrinks and its inhabitants bee interdependent,people from remote culturesincreasingly e into contact on a daily basis.In a global village,members of once isolatedgroups of people have to municate with members of other cultural groups. Those people maylive thousands of miles away or right ne*t door to each other.Technology,particularly telemunications and puters are considered to be the majordriving force.4.What does the author mean by saying that“the…global‟may be more local than the … local‟”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on humanmunications make the world seem smaller. We may municate more with people of othercountries than with our neighbors,and we may be more informed of the international events than ofthe local events.In this sense,“the‘global’may be more local than the‘local’”Effective munication may be the most important petitive advantage that firms have tomeet diverse customer needs on a global basis.Succeeding in the global market today requires theability to municate sensitively with people from other cultures,a sensitivity that is based on anunderstanding of cross-cultural differences.6.What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confrontedCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatileinternational economy,shrinking resources,mounting environmental contamination, and epidemicsthat know no boundaries.This case shows that in a world of international interdependence,the ability to understand andmunicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on e*treme urgency.If we areunaware of the significant role culture plays in munication,we may place the blame formunication failure on people of other cultures.Globalization,for better or for worse,has changed the world greatly.Whether we like it or not,globalization is all but unstoppable.It is already here to stay.It is both a fact and an opportunity.Thechallenges are not insurmountable.Solutions e*ist,and are waiting to be identified and implemented.From a globalistic point of view,there is hope and faith in humanity.Case StudyCase 1In this case,there seemed to be problems in municating with people of different cultures inspite of the efforts made to achieve understanding.We should know that in Egypt as in many cultures,the human relationship is valued so highlythat it is note*pressed in an objective and impersonal way.While Americans certainly value humanrelationships,they are more likely to speak of them in less personal,more objective terms.In thiscase,Richard‘s mistake might be that he chose to praise the food itself rather than the total evening,for which the food was simply the setting ore*cuse.For his host and hostess it was as if he hadattended an art e*hibit and plimented the artist by saying,What beautiful frames your picturesare in.In Japan the situation may be more plicated.Japanese people value order and harmonyamong persons in a group,and that the organization itself－be it a family or a vast corporation－ismore valued than the characteristics of any particular member.In contrast,Americans stressindividuality as a value and are apt to assert individual differences when they seem justifiably inconflict with the goals or values of the group. In this case:Richard‘s mistake was in making greatefforts to defend himself.Let the others assume that the errors were not intentional,but it is not rightto defend yourself, even when your unstated intent is to assist the group by warning others of similarmistakes.A simple apology and acceptance of the blame would have been appropriate.But for poorRichard to have merely apologized would have seemed to him to be subservient,unmanly.When it es to England,we e*pect fewer problems between Americans and Englishmenthan between Americans and almost any other group.In this case we mightlook beyond the gestureof taking sugar or cream to the values e*pressed in this gesture: for Americans,―H elp yourself;forthe English counterpart,―B e my guest.American and English people equally enjoy entertaining andbeing entertained but they differ somewhat in the value of the distinction.Typically,the ideal guestat an American party is one who―m akes himself at home,even to the point of answering the dooror fi*ing his own drink.For persons in many other societies,including at least this hypotheticalEnglish host,such guest behavior is presumptuous or rude.Case 2A mon cultural misunderstanding in classes involves conflicts between what is said to bedirect munication style and indirect munication style.In American culture,people tend tosay what is on their minds and to mean what they say.Therefore,students in class are e*pected toask questions when they need clarification.Me*ican culture shares this preference of style withAmerican culture in some situations,and that‘s why the students from Me*ico readily adopted thetechniques of asking questions in class.However,Korean people generally prefer indirectmunication style,and therefore they tend to not say what is on their minds and to rely more onimplications and inference,so as to be polite and respectful and avoid losing face through anyimproper verbal behavior.As is mentioned in the case,to many Koreans,numerous questions wouldshow a disrespect for the teacher,and would also reflect that the student has not studied hard enough.Case 3The conflict here is a difference in cultural values and beliefs.In the beginning,Mary didn‘trealize that her Dominican sister saw her as a member of the family,literally.In the Dominican view,family possessions are shared by everyone of the family.Luz was acting as most Dominican sisterswould do in borrowing without asking every time. Once Mary understood that there was a differentway of looking at this,she would bee more accepting.However,she might still e*perience thesame frustration when this happened again.She had to find ways to cope with her own emotionalcultural reaction as well as her practical problem(the batteries running out). Case 4It might be simply a question of different rhythms.Americans have one rhythm in their personaland family relations,in their friendliness and their charities.People from other cultures havedifferent rhythms.The American rhythm is fast.It is characterized by a rapid acceptance of others.However,it is seldom that Americans engage themselves entirely in a friendship.Their friendshipsare warm,but casual,and specialized.Fore*ample,you have a neighbor who drops by in themorning for coffee.You see her frequently,but you never invite her for dinner---not because youdon‘t think she could handle a fork and a knife,but because you have seen her that morning.Therefore,you reserve your more formal invitation to dinner for someone wholives in a moredistant part of the city and whom you would not see unless you e*tended an invitation for a specialoccasion.Now,if the first friend moves away and the second one moves nearby,you are likely toreverse this---see the second friend in the mornings for informal coffee meetings,and the first oneyou will invite more formally to dinner.Americans are,in other words,guided very often by their own convenience.They tend to makefriends easily,and they don‘t feel it necessary to go to a great amount of trouble to see friends oftenwhen it bees inconvenient to do so,and usually no one is hurt.But in similar circumstancespeople from many other cultures would be hurt very deeply.. z.。

Unit 3Cultural DiversityReading IDifferent Lands, Different FriendshipsComprehension questions1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States?Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life.2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectations about whatconstitutes friendship and how it comes into being?Yes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being.3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe?In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring.4. In what country does friendship have much to do with one’s family? And in what country does it not?In Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life.5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalized?For instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life.6. What are friendships usually based on in England?English friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation.7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures? If you do, what are they?Yes. There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship, invokes freedom of choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take.8. What do you think is the typical Chinese concept of friendship? Is it similar to or different from any of the Western friendships?It seems that the typical Chinese concept of friendship lays great emphasis on personal loyalty and also has much to do with family. It may be similar to Germany friendship to some extent and quite different from other Western friendships. Reading IIComparing and Contrasting CulturesComprehension questions1. How is the mainstream American culture different from the Japanese culture? Americans believe that human nature is basically good and man is the master of nature. They are future-oriented and “being”-oriented. Their social orientation is toward the importance of the individual and the equality of all people. However, the Japanese believe that human nature is a mixture of good and evil. Man is in harmony with nature. They are both past-oriented and future-oriented. And they are both “growing-”and “doing-”oriented. They give emphasis to authorities and the group.2. Can you find examples to support the author’s view of traditional cultures in different value orientations?For example, the traditional Indian culture believes that man is subjugated by nature and it is being-oriented (which can be exemplified by its caste system). Also, traditional Chinese culture is past-oriented, for emphasis has long been given to learning from the old and past.3. Why do Americans tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and regard rapid change as normal?Concerning orientation toward time, Americans are dominated by a belief in progress. They are future-oriented. They believe that “time is money”and have an optimistic faith in the future and what the future will bring. So they tend to equate “change” with “improvement” and consider a rapid rate of change as normal.4. What does “Electric Englishman” mean when it is used to describ e the American? As for activity, Americans are so action-oriented that they tend to be hyperactive. That’s why that they have been described as “Electric Englishmen”, who always keep themselves busy.5. How would you explain the fact that contradictory values may exist in the same culture?As time changes faster and faster and there is more contact between cultures, it is more likely to find contradictory values existing in the same culture. This is especially the case in a society that is being transformed from a traditional one into a modern one. For example, in the Japanese culture, some people may still be very past-oriented and some are rather future-oriented, and even the same people may be sometimes past-oriented in certain situations and sometime future-oriented in other situations. 6. What can we get from models of this kind about cultural differences?Models of this kind are quite useful in giving rough pictures of striking contrasts and differences of different cultures. However, such a model only compares cultures on some basic orientations. It does not tell us everything about every conceivable culture. We have to recognize that models of this kind are over-simplifications and can only give approximations of reality.7. Do cultural values change as time changes?Yes, the values may be in the process of marked change due to rapid modernization and globalization. However, they have a way of persisting in spite of change. The evolution of values is a slow process, since they are rooted in survival needs and passed on from generation to generation.8. How is communication influenced by differing cultural values?Putting people from one culture into another culture with radically different value orientations could cause stress, disorientation, and breakdowns in communication. Case StudyCase 9Hierarchy is significant in the Japanese culture. This structure is reflected everywhere in Japanese life, at home, school, community, organizations, and traditional institutions such as martial arts or flower arrangements.In this case, the young chairman must have had his own ideas about how to manage the company; however, when encountered with his grandfather’s dissenting opinions, he dared not to take a stand against him. This may manifest the rigid hierarchical structure in the Japanese society. In the Japanese society, how hierarchy is formed depends mainly on seniority, social roles, and gender. As a respectable senior member of the family and the former leader of the company, the grandfather obviously overpowered the inexperienced young chairman. In other words, the grandfather seemed to be an absolute authority for the young chairman. In Japanese culture, challenging or disagreeing with elders’ opinions would be deemed as being disrespectful and is often condemned. People in lower positions are expected to be loyal and obedient to authority. That‘s why the young chairman didn’t say anything but just nodded and agreed with his grandfather.But Phil seemed to know little about the Japanese culture in this aspect. In many Western cultures, particularly American culture, seniority seldom matters very much in such situations, and young people are usually encouraged to challenge authority and voice their own opinions. Unfortunately, his outspoken protest could easily offend the grandfather and he might be regarded as a rude and ill-bred person by other Japanese.Case 10In Japan, a company is often very much like a big family, inwhich the manger(s) will take good care of the employees and the employees are expected to devote themselves to the development of the company and, if it is necessary, to sacrifice their own individual interests for the interests of the company, from which, in the long run, the employees will benefit greatly. But for the French, a company is just a loosely- knit social organization wherein individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their families. Moreover, the way the French make decisions in the family might also be different from the typical Japanese one, which may not often involve females and the power to decide usually lies with the dominating male. As there are such cultural differences between the Japanese and the French, Mr. Legrand’s decision made Mr. Tanaka feel dumbfounded.Case 11Incidents such as these can point to possible cultural differences in so-called “polite” behavior, and at the same time highlight the tendency for people to react emotionally to unexpected behavior.People in most cultures would probably agree that an apology is needed when an offence or violation of social norms has taken place. However, there may be differing opinions as to when we should apologize (what situations call for an apology) and how we should apologize. To many Westerners, Japanese apologize more frequently and an apology in Japanese does not necessarily mean that the person is acknowledging a fault.To many Japanese, Westerners may seem to be rude just because they do not apologize as often as the Japanese would do. In this case, for instance, the at titude of the Australian student’s parents is shocking to the Japanese but will be acceptable in an English-speaking society, for the student is already an adult and can be responsible for her own deeds.Case 12In this case, it seems that the Chinese expectations were not fulfilled. First, having two people sharing host responsibilities could be somewhat confusing to the hierarchically minded Chinese. Second, because age is often viewed as an indication of seniority, the Chinese might have considered the youth of their Canadianhosts as slight to their own status. Third, in China, it is traditional for the host to offer a welcome toast at the beginning of the meal, which is the reciprocated by the guests; by not doing so, the Canadian might be thought rude. The abrupt departure of the Chinese following the banquet was probably an indication that they were not pleased with the way they were treated. The Canadians’ lack of understanding of the Chinese culture and the Chinese ways of communication clearly cost them in their business dealings with the visiting delegation.。

新编跨文化交际英语教程知识点梳理新编跨文化交际英语教程是一本专门针对跨文化交际的英语教材，旨在帮助学习者提高在不同文化背景下的英语交际能力。

本文将对这本教材的知识点进行梳理，并按照标题的要求进行详细阐述。

一、跨文化交际的概念与重要性跨文化交际是指在不同文化背景下进行有效沟通和交流的能力。

随着全球化的发展，跨文化交际能力对个人和组织来说变得越来越重要。

教材首先介绍了跨文化交际的概念和重要性，引导学习者认识到学习跨文化交际的必要性。

二、文化差异的认知与理解文化差异是跨文化交际的核心问题之一。

教材通过介绍不同国家和地区的文化背景，让学习者认识到不同文化之间的差异。

例如，西方国家强调个人主义，而亚洲国家则更注重集体主义；西方人通常直接表达意见，而东方人更倾向于含蓄表达。

通过了解这些文化差异，学习者可以更好地适应和理解不同文化的交际方式。

三、语言与文化的关系语言是文化的重要组成部分，也是跨文化交际的基础。

教材通过对语言与文化的关系进行介绍，让学习者认识到不同语言背后的文化内涵。

例如，英语中的一些习语和隐喻在其他语言中可能没有对应的表达，这就需要学习者在跨文化交际中注意语言的使用。

四、非语言交际与文化除了语言交际外，非语言交际也是跨文化交际中不可忽视的因素。

教材通过介绍非语言交际的方式和特点，让学习者了解不同文化中的非语言行为习惯和意义。

例如，西方人习惯于握手问候，而东方人则更多使用鞠躬。

通过了解这些非语言交际的差异，学习者可以更准确地理解和表达自己的意思。

五、跨文化交际中的礼仪与文化礼仪是不同文化交际中的重要组成部分。

教材通过介绍不同文化中的礼仪规范和习俗，让学习者了解在不同文化中应该如何表现和应对。

例如，在西方国家用餐时，吃完后将刀叉并排放在盘子上表示已经用完；而在中国，将筷子插在饭中是不礼貌的行为。

学习者通过学习这些礼仪规范，可以更好地适应不同文化的环境。

六、文化冲突与解决在跨文化交际中，文化冲突是难免的。

Unit 11.The definition of INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION1.1“Inter-" comes from the Latin word for "between",and dictionaries define communication as exchanging information.Inter-"来自拉丁语，意思是"在之间"，字典把交流定义为交换信息。

Intercultural Communication refers to the exchange of information between people from different cultures.跨文化交际是指来自不同文化的人之间的信息交流。

As the very phrase suggests, Intercultural Communication emphasizes cross-cultural competence rather than language only.正如这句话所暗示的，跨文化交际强调的是跨文化能力，而不仅仅是语言。

1.2 what makes IC a common phenomenon: new technology, innovative communication system,globalization of the economy , changes in immigration patterns 新技术、创新的通讯系统、经济全球化、移民模式的变化2.The definition of globalizationGlobalization is the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation,and trade between nations.全球化是区域经济、社会和文化通过国家之间的交流、运输和贸易而变得一体化的过程。

新编英语教程4U n i t1(总28页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit One1.Movie ClipWatch the movie clip and answer the following questions.1.What is Ingrid’s first New Year’s resolution Did she accomplishit?2.Her first New Year’s resolution is to quit her job. Yes, she did.2.Why did Ingrid buy the man for the whole dayBecause she wanted him to help make her other New Year’sresolutions come true by midnight.Discussion:Why do New Year’s resolutions rarely work In your opinion, how can we succeed in achieving them?(This is an open question.)Script（From New Year’s Eve）- All right. Working on those resolutions, huh?- No.- Okay. I have a delivery here for Mr. Jonathan Cox.- Do you work here?- No. I work for a courier(快递员) service. I’ve been delivering packages to you for about, I don’t know, a year now. But I think this is maybe the first time you’ve ever looked me in the eye. How are you doing?- Sorry. That’s actually an old resolution. Make more eye contact. - So those were New Year’s resolutions, huh Looks like a long list. You gotta get on it.- I don’t know, maybe next year.- Whoa. Jeez! Are you serious That is a hot ticket.- Really- It’s amazing. They have the best food, the best music. They have so many single girls. And it’s a masquerade（化妆舞会）, so youdon’t even have to worry about their faces. You kind of just, you know, use your imagination. If anybody tries to kick you out, or even asks who you are, you just straight-up lie. What are they gonna doIt’s brilliant. It’s like Facebook, but real.- I remember who you are now.- Right, exactly. Anyways, I would give my left... Well, maybe next year.- Ms. Withers Did you call in a delivery of something- Ingrid.- Ingrid.- And actually, I’m your next job. I bought you for the day.- Bought me for the day, huh Oh, Ms. Withers. I think I should be offended（得罪，冒犯）, but I’m just too intrigued（好奇的，被迷住的）.- My New Year’s resolutions. I just took care of the first one.- You quit your job All right.- If you can make the rest of these come true by midnight, you get these.- For me Holy shi... Whoa. Whoa, okay. Put these down. Put these down. Don’t flash those around. Everybody can see them. Seriously, You called the right guy. I’m in. Let me see No. Two. What is it Whew. Go to Bali. Breakfast at Tiffany’s. You wanna save a life. Are you kidding meIt’s physically impossible. I don’t understand what you’re talking about. All rightI don’t understand what you want me to do here.- Use your imagination.- We’re gonna need a bigger boat.- You know, you don’t have to sit like that. You can put your legs around me, or you can hold onto me.- No, I’m okay.- All right.- This is it. This is as close to the ball dropping as I can get you. Hey, good luck with that last one, all right?- No. I figured that was a long shot going in.- A long shot What are you talking about Going to Bali That was kindof a long shot.- Let’s get this out of here, okay?- Man, I don’t even know whose this is, bro. I’m just saying.- Thanks. Make a list of your own. Don’t wait as long as I did.- Pow, pow, shwing.- Thank you. Mm.- Goodbye.- Goodbye.- Have a great time.- You too. Happy new year, Ingrid.3.QuotesRead the following quotes and tell your classmates which one is your favorite. State your reasons.Sometimes we know the best thing to do, but fail to do it. Newyear’s resolutions are often like that. We make resolutions because we know it would be better for us to lose weight, or get fit, or spend more time with our children. The problem is that a resolutionis generally easier to break than it is to keep.— Peter SingerNo one’s ever achieved financial fitness with a January resolution that’s abandoned by February.— Suze OrmanI have no way of knowing how people really feel, but the vastmajority of those I meet couldn’t be nicer. Every once in a while someone barks at me. My New Year’s resolution is not to bark back.— Tucker CarlsonMy New Year’s Resolution List usually starts with the desire to lose between ten and three thousand pounds.— Nia VardalosIf you asked me for my New Year Resolution, it would be to find out who I am.— Cyril CusackMay all your troubles last as long as your New Year’s resolutions.— Joey AdamsI think in terms of the day’s resolutions, not the years’.— Henry MooreMaking resolutions is a cleansing ritual of self assessment and repentance that demands personal honesty and, ultimately, reinforces humility. Breaking them is part of the cycle.—Eric ZornI made no resolutions for the New Year. The habit of making plans, of criticizing, sanctioning and molding my life, is too much of a daily event for me.—Anaïs NinText I1.Pre-Reading QuestionsThe hero of the story, who is married and has four children, istalking about his New Year’s Resolution in the text. In the first paragraph, he says “This year it’s going to be different”. Whydoes he say soWhat sort of resolutions did he make in the previous yearsHow do his New Year’s resolutions for this year differ from previous onesMake a few guesses.For your reference:When a person makes New Year’s resolutions, he makes up his mind to do or not to do certain things in the coming year. Of course,different people make different New Year’s resolutions. For example, a student may decide to work harder at his studies and not go to the cinema so often; a teacher may decide to improve his/her teaching; a heavy smoker may decide to stop smoking altogether. Some people maybe able to carry out their New Year’s resolutions, but some may not. For most people, it’s often easier to make New Year’s resolutions than to carry them out.2.General ReadingYou are given five minutes to read the text rapidly once to get the main idea.Now decide which of the following statements best sums up the main idea. Put a tick by it.__ 1. Some of his family members were pleased while others were not when the writer tried to please everybody in the family on NewYear’s Day.__ 2. The writer tried to be a better husband and a better father in the new year, and his family members appreciated this.√ 3. The writer carried out his New Year’s resolutions faithfully to improve himself, but the results all went contrary to hisexpectations.Key（点击答案按钮，上述第三句前面横线上出现√）3.Background Notes(1) escapement（卡子，擒纵机）An escapement is a device in mechanical watches and clocks that transfers energy to the timekeeping element and allows the number of its oscillations（振荡，振动） to be counted. The escapement isdriven by force from a coiled卷 spring弹簧 or a suspended悬挂暂停weight, transmitted through the timepiece’s时钟座钟 gear 齿轮排挡train. The amount of stored energy, energy loss and efficiency of transfer to the timekeeping element determines the time a clock will run after it has been wound.(2) small talkSmall talk is meaningless conversation in terms of content, butis often seen as socially important in certain situations, or context. In many English-speaking countries, it can be viewed as rude or unfriendly not to participate in it. Non-personal comments about non-controversial subjects are usually considered as appropriate for this type of conversation.4.TextThis Year It’s Going to Be Different(1)New Year’s resolutions are like anything else — you get outof them what you put in. Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. Find some beauty in everything. ... Make the other fellow feel important. ... Aboutthirty like that. Pretty clearly, (2)anyone who followed mycollection of rules would be blessed with a richer life, (1)boundless 无穷的无限的love from his family, and the admiration of the community. I could hardly wait until New Year’s Day.When I came downstairs Maggie, my wife, was at the kitchen sink水池. I (2)tiptoed over踮着脚尖走 and kissed her on the back of the neck. (Resolution : Be (3)spontaneous自发的无意识的自然的inshowing affection.) She (4)shrieked尖叫and dropped a cup. “Don’t ever (5)sneak up悄悄来临鬼鬼祟祟 on me like that again!” she cried.“You’re looking lovely this morning,” I said. (A sincere(6)compliment称赞恭维 is worth its weight in gold.)(3)“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea to stay out untilfour .”I took some aspirin and coffee into the living room. I’d just started reading the paper when Sammy, our five-year-old, came in. He was wearing the watch he’d received for Christmas. (4)“Say, Dad,”he said, “what makes a watch run?”In the old days I would have told him to ask his mother. Instead,I got a pencil and drew a (7)sketch草图素描 of the escapement(8)mechanism结构机械装置机能. (Always encourage your child’s curiosity.) It took about fifteen minutes, and Sammy wandered off several times, but I kept calling him back. “There,” I said,“that’s what makes your watch run.”(5)“Then how come it doesn’t?” he asked.His brother Roy walked by. “You have to wind上发条 it,” said Roy. Sammy wound it and held it to his ear. He smiled. “Roy sure is smart,” he said.Our daughter Gretchen came in with her doll, Mrs. Robinson. “Good morning, Gretchen,” I said. “Happy New Year, Mrs. Robinson.” (Meet your child at his own level.)(6)“It isn’t either happy,” said Gretchen. “Mrs. Robinson is sick. Probably a coronary冠状动脉血栓形成.”“Why don’t you take her to see Dr. Sammy?” I suggested. “He can use his new doctor’s kit.”The phone rang, and I answered it. It was a friend of ourdaughter Kit. “Happy New Year, Marilyn,” I said. “What have you been doing over the holidays?” (Show an interest in your children’s friends.) She said she hadn’t been doing anything much. “(7)Come now, a pretty girl like you,” I said (9)jovially—(8)“I’ll bet the fellows are(10)swarming蜂群挤满涌往around.… What’s that Yes, of course you can speak to Kit. Certainly.”Kit was in her room with the record player going very loud, I (11)rapped敲击on the door. She called out something, and I went in. She was in her pajamas睡衣裤. “I didn’t say you could come in!”she (12)yelled, grabbing抓住 a robe睡袍 and holding it in front of her. At fourteen, she has become extremely aware of being female.“I’m sorry. I couldn’t understand you,” I said apologetically. To ease the situation, I picked up her (13)brand-new全新的 sweater毛衣运动衫 from the floor and put it over a chair.“I was going to pick it up,” she said defensively, “You don’t always put your things away.”There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears. Roy and Sammy were about to perform open-heart surgery外科手术 on Mrs. Robinson with a scou搜索侦察跟踪t knife. “She told us Mrs. Robinson was sick,” Roy said.(9)I suggested that they carve切雕 something for their mother — like a salad spoon. (Encourage creativity in the young.) In the kitchen, Maggie wanted to know what was wrong with Gretchen. “Mrs. Robinson had a coronary,” I told her.“I know you’re not feeling your best after last night,” she said, “but I’m getting a little tired of these smart remarks. Would you mind taking the garbage out?”“I’d be happy to,” I said. (The most (14)trivial琐碎的平常的(15)chore零星工作令人讨厌的工作can prove rewarding if approached with (16)zest热情兴趣.)“Do you have to be so (17)sarcastic讽刺的挖苦的” she said.It seemed that my resolutions weren’t working the way the books had said. I didn’t quit, though. I helped the boys build a snowman — only Sammy got his feet wet and Roy lost his mittens露指手套 and they went inside. I played jacks玩游戏 with Gretchen, but she said I didn’t do it right. I (18)struck up 开始a conversation with Kit, trying to establish some kind of (19)rapport友好关系融洽和谐. I touched on hippies, pop music, dating, (20)morality and so on. She contributed very little. Anybody else (10)would have thrown in the sponge, but I kept trying. For example, Maggie always (21)dreads 害怕担心taking down拿取 the Christmas tree, so I thought I’d do it forher. (Take over接管帮忙 one of your wife’s chores, she’ll love you for it.)I was about two thirds done when Maggie came in. “Oh, no!” she cried. “I wanted it left up for the party tonight. Can’t you just sit and watch a football game, pleaseIt’s what you usually do on New Year’s.”“This year is different,” I said.“Yes, isn’t it?” She shook her head. “I swear I don’t know. The kids have been impossible all day. I found the boys (22)whittling 切削 on my best salad spoon, and then (12)they had the nerve to say you suggested it. And Kit has been (12)in a poisonous mood. She said that Marilyn phoned and you didn’t tell her. And that you (23)cross-examined盘问 Marilyn about her boyfriends.”(13)“Hold it!” I said. “I was only making small talk.” By now the kids were in the room, drawn by the commotion混乱喧闹.“You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?”“Because it’s New Year’s,” I said. I explained to the assembled gathering about the books and the resolutions and what I’d been trying to accomplish. Silence. The kids stood there looking uneasily at each other. “A man wants to improve himself,” I said. “He wants to be a better husband, a better father —”“We all want to be better,” Maggie said. “Except that when you’re so considerate it doesn’t seem natural. (14)If the kids do something and you get mad, they know where they stand. But whenyou’re so (24)even-tempered性情平和的沉重的稳重的—”“Yeah,” Kit said. “You didn’t say a word about my clothes on the floor. You just smiled. (15)It made me sick.”Roy said, “(16)I been in more trouble today.…”Gretchen said, “I think it was better when you didn’t play jacks.”“(17)And yelled,” Sammy said, “and said ‘damitall（damn itall 口语表达愤怒的方式）’.”“All right,” I (25)snarled咆哮吠, “I make every effort to be a good father, and this is the thanks I get. The fact is, you don’t deserve the father you’ve got.”I was illustrating 说明表明my points with gestures. “You’re the ones who’d better start making resolutions. Like doing your homework, cleaning your rooms, (18)letting the spoons alone. And when I tell you to do something,(19) jump!”I reached out to steady a lamp I had brushed with my sleeve. “Furthermore —” At this moment, I realized suddenly that the atmosphere had changed. The kids were sprawled四肢伸展坐着 on the floor, relaxed. I turned to Maggie.“Why is everybody smilingWhat’s the big joke?”“No joke,” she said. “We’re just happy to have you back again.”Words and phrases: (点击文中红色单词或词组，出现该红色部分及.字样，再单击. ，出现例句)(1) boundless: a. having no limit or end. Have you ever experienced a time in your life when you have boundless energy?The Internet occupies little space and has a boundlessstoring capacity.(2) tiptoe:v. walk quietly and carefully on your toes, so thatnobody hears you. He tiptoed quietly around the house to avoid waking the children.The constitutional right to bear arms is seen by manyAmericans as set in stone, and even after mass shootings,politicians have tiptoed around specific steps.(3) spontaneous:a. not planned or organized, but happening by itself,self-generated. Both sides burst into spontaneous cheers at the magician’s skillful tricks.The activities may be spontaneous or at the suggestion of the teacher.(4) shriek:v. make a very high loud sound, especially because one isafraid, angry, excited, or in pain. Everyone is shrieking with excitement and jumping up and down.People sometimes shriek because of terror, anger, or pain. (5) sneak:v. go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoidbeing seen or heard. How did you sneak off in the middle of the meeting without being noticed?His son grabbed his running shoes and sneaked out this morning.(6) compliment:n. a remark that shows one admires someone orsomething. Receiving a compliment can lead to a great friendship or help a day be better.They have discovered that the same area of the brain is activated when a person is rewarded a compliment or cash.(7) sketch:n. a simple, quickly-made drawing that does not show muchdetail. The sketch should be centered horizontally on the canvas.With this program you can get not just black and white sketch, but a color picture.(8) mechanism:n. part of a machine or a set of parts that does aparticular job. Removing the hands from a battery-operated clock mechanism is an easy job that requires no special tools.A regenerative brake is an energy recovery mechanism whichslows a vehicle or object down by converting its kinetic energyinto another form.(9) jovially:adj. happily. He also resumed smoking, jovially asking an interviewer what he would do if he only had a month to live.The girl was feeling very insignificant when she heard someonelaughing jovially behind her.(10) swarm:v. go to a place as a large, uncontrolled group. By midday skiers will swarm over the slopes of this popular winter resort.The passionate students swarm into the auditorium to attenda lecture by the celebrated professor of CambridgeUniversity.(11) rap:v. hit or knock something quickly several times. He rapped sharply on his son’s head with his knuckles.He shouted and rapped with his walking stick on the door.(12) yell:v. shout or say something very loudly, especially becauseone is frightened, angry, or excited. If you ask children how they feel about being yelled at, they will all tell you they don’t like it.He yelled out the wrong answer in class and now he looks like a moron.(13) brand-new: a. new and not yet used. Waving in the day of snow, we greeted a brand-new year again. More importantly, users will enjoy a brand-new experience while interacting together on the multi-touch table.(14) trivial:a. not serious, important, or valuable. Please don’t omit any details, no matter how trivial they may seem.Cool down! There’s no need to lose your temper over such a trivial matter.(15) chore:n. a task such as cleaning, washing, and ironing that hasto be done regularly at home; something one has to do thatis very boring and unpleasant. The calories burned while you’re doing household chores can really add up.It’s a real chore for me to write a book review because it’s like a contest.(16) zest:n. eager interest and enjoyment. Romance in its broader meaning refers to a zest for life.A leader must have zest if people are to follow him andachieve the corporate mission.(17) sarcastic:a. saying or doing things that are the opposite ofwhat one means, in order to make an unkind joke or toshow that he or she is annoyed. The state trooper was obviously being sarcastic when he asked if my speedometer was working.I don’t always send a sarcastic text—but when I do, itgets completely misinterpreted.(18) strike up a conversation with: start talking with. I struck up a conversation with the girl sitting next to me.All of them find it difficult to strike up a conversation with a stranger.(19) rapport:n. a friendly relationship of mutual understanding ortrust and agreement between people. Building rapport is important in interpersonal relationships.He always tried to maintain a rapport with his customers.(20) morality:n. beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong andabout how people should behave. The traditional culture and morality goes down generation by generation.Wisdom without morality is like a ring without a gem.(21) dread:v. feel anxious or worried about something that is goingto happen or may happen. He was late for his English lesson that morning as he dreaded having to speak in public.Have you ever dreaded a conversation with a co-worker, a boss or even a client?(22) whittle:v. cut a piece of wood into a particular shape bycutting off small pieces with a knife; gradually makesomething smaller by taking parts away. Make this plug smaller for me, but do not whittle away too much wood.Your article is too long, try to whittle it away to half its length.(23) cross-examine:v. ask someone questions about something thatthey have just said, to see if they are telling thetruth, especially in a court of law. Before you cross-examine a witness you need to consider whether the evidence they have provided in chief is harmfulto your case.Under the common law, a party cannot cross-examine its own witness unless the witness is declared hostile.(24) even-tempered:a. calm and not easily irritated. Dr. Pat discusses why a normally even-tempered pre-teen may become moody or perhaps depressed.An even-tempered dog is a welcome addition to a family. (25) snarl:v. speak or say something in a nasty, angry way. “Shut up,” he snarled.The drunk snarled at the security guard who told him to leave the area.Notes （点击文中蓝色字体，出现该内容，再点击，出现下面的注释内容）(1)New Year’s resolutionsomething one makes up one’s mind to do at the beginning of a new year in order to be and do better in the year ahead(2)anyone … would be blessed with a richer life …anyone … would be lucky enough to have an interesting and eventful life …The literal meaning of bless is “ask God’s favour or protection for”.Example:The priest blessed the people in the parish.Be blessed with, however, only means “have something such as an ability, a good quality, which is admired or which is anadvantage to a person.”More examples:My eighty-year-old grandmother is blessed with good health.His brother is blessed with an inquisitive mind.(3)“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea …”Look in this context is an interjection which is used foremphasizing a point before making a statement, often when one is angry. Sometimes look here is used to express the same meaning and feeling.More examples:Look, I don’t mind your opening the window, but you shouldn’t let the child sit in the draught.Look here, where are your manners How can you talk to your grandmother like that(4)“Say, Dad,” he said, “what makes a watch run?”Say used in this way is an Americanism. It is used to attract attention or to express surprise.More examples:Say, how come you’re here!Say, what makes the lid of the kettle go up when the water’s boiling(5)Then how come it doesn’t?(6)(7)Then why doesn’t it runHow come is informally used to ask “how does / did it happen(that) …” or “why …”More examples:How come many vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes and green peppers, are still in good supply these days despite the recent downpour“How come so many foreign visitors went to Harbin last winter?”“Because of the annual ice festival held there. Many overseastourists wanted to see the famous ice sculptures there.”(8)It isn’t either happy.The normal order of the sentence is: It isn’t happy, either.This is child talk, meaning “It’s really unhappy.”(9)come nowThis is an expression used to encourage the person spoken to, or persuade / convince him or her. It may also express irritation or impatience.More examples:Come now, you can do it yourself.Come now, of course you can come to the lecture.(10)I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around.I’m sure many young men are after you. The literal meaning ofbet is “risk (money) on the result of a future event” (打赌).Example:He betted his friend $100 that Team A would defeat Team B in the semi-final.But when informally used, bet means “be certain that something will happen”.Examples:I bet it’ll clear up tomorrow just for the football game.I’ll bet our alumni get-together will be a great success.You bet is used informally as an emphatic way of saying “yes”.Example:“Are you coming to the farewell party for Mrs. Thomson?”“You bet.” (＝Certainly.)(11)I suggested that they carve something for their mother — like a saladspoon.I suggested that they should carve something for their mother,for example, a salad spoon, using the scout knife.Carve is in the subjunctive. A subjunctive verb is often used in the that-clause after such verbs as suggest, request, insist,recommend, etc.This use of the subjunctive is mainly American English. InBritish English, should＋verb is used in the that-clause.Example:He insisted that Tom should go alone.salad spoon — a big wooden or plastic spoon used to serve or mixa dish of cold, sliced vegetables such as lettuce, cucumber andtomato seasoned with oil(12)would have thrown in the spongewould have admitted defeat and given up doing …(13)they had the nerve to say you suggested itThey were rude enough to say that … The literal meaning of nerve is 神经, but have the nerve to do something means “shock or anger someone by doing something rude or disrespectful”.Example:How could she have the nerve to say such a thing in public!Nerve may also mean “courage, determination, and self-control”.Examples:I hadn’t the nerve to speak before so many people.What a nerve! means “What impudence! How rude of you!”(14)in a poisonous moodin a very bad temper(15)“Hold it!” I said, “I was only making small talk.”“Stop talking!” I said, “I was only talking about unimportant matters.”“住嘴！”我说，“我不过在跟她闲聊。

新编跨文化交际英语教程知识点梳理（实用版）目录1.新编跨文化交际英语教程的概念与目的2.跨文化交际的重要性3.新编跨文化交际英语教程的主要内容4.新编跨文化交际英语教程的特点与亮点5.新编跨文化交际英语教程的应用与实践正文一、新编跨文化交际英语教程的概念与目的新编跨文化交际英语教程是一本针对英语学习者的教材，旨在帮助学生更好地理解和应对跨文化交际中的各种问题。

该教程通过讲解文化、交际、语言以及跨文化交际等相关概念，使学生能够较为客观、系统、全面地认识英语国家的文化，从而提高跨文化交际能力。

二、跨文化交际的重要性随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交际在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

对于英语学习者来说，掌握跨文化交际的能力不仅能够帮助他们更自信地与来自不同文化背景的人进行交流，还能够拓宽他们的国际视野，提高他们的综合素质。

三、新编跨文化交际英语教程的主要内容新编跨文化交际英语教程共分为 10 个单元，涵盖了全球化时代的交际问题、文化与交际、各类文化差异、语言与文化、跨文化言语交际、跨文化非言语交际、时间与空间使用上的文化、跨文化感知、跨文化适应、跨文化能力等各个方面。

每个单元都以阅读文章为主线，配有形式多样的练习和数量较多的案例分析，同时还提供丰富的相关文化背景知识材料，供选择使用，以满足不同的教学情境和需求。

四、新编跨文化交际英语教程的特点与亮点新编跨文化交际英语教程具有以下特点和亮点：1.实用性：教材选材广泛，包括了几十个实例，既有趣味性，又有实用性，能够帮助学生在实际交际中更好地运用所学知识。

2.系统性：教程对跨文化交际的各个方面进行了全面、深入的讲解，使学生能够系统地掌握跨文化交际的知识和技能。

3.灵活性：教材形式多样，既有阅读文章，又有练习和案例分析，能够满足不同学生的学习需求和教学情境。

4.丰富性：教材提供了丰富的相关文化背景知识材料，帮助学生更好地理解和感知英语国家的文化。

五、新编跨文化交际英语教程的应用与实践新编跨文化交际英语教程在实际应用中，可以通过以下方式进行实践：1.在课堂教学中，教师可以结合教材的内容，进行跨文化交际的讲解和训练，帮助学生提高跨文化交际能力。

跨文化交际英语阅读教程4课后答案一、交际用语（10分，每题1分）根据情景补全对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. —The visit to Italy is fairly good, though we did have quite a lot of rain. —________________. [单选题] *A. It's a wonderful journey.B. You must get wet.C. It's a hard journey.D. What a pity！(正确答案)2. —This is Kathy Chen, our Financial Officer. —__________________. [单选题] *A. Finance Officer is an important position.B. OK. Let's go to see her.C. I'm pleased to meet you, Kathy.(正确答案)D. Thank you, Kathy.3. —Would you mind if I smoke here? —___________________. [单选题] *A. Yes, go ahead.B. No, I wouldn't mind at all.(正确答案)C. No, you cannot smoke here.D. You are a smoker!4. —Sorry, I made a mistake again.—__________________________. Practice more, and you'll succeed. [单选题] *A. Take it easy.(正确答案)B. Certainly not.C. Don't mention it.D. Don't blame yourself.5.—______________________. —I am so glad that there was no traffic jam. [单选题] *A. How have you been recently?B. How did you come over here?C. How was the traffic coming over here?(正确答案)D. How was the position?6. —I've started my own software company. —______________________. [单选题] *A. Could you tell me who is the owner?B. No kidding! Congratulations!(正确答案)C. If I had the money, I'd start one.D. My company runs well.7. —Are you ready to buy a car, Sir? —_______________. [单选题] *A. Yes, please.B. Please don't buy it.C. No, don't mention it.D. Yes, I'd like to have a Jeep.(正确答案)8. —What is the distance between the two places? —__________________. [单选题] *A. The distance is not important.B. We should care about it.C. It is about 15 kilometers.(正确答案)D. It is not far away.9. —How did you enjoy the performance? —______________________. [单选题] *A. Perfect. It is attractive.(正确答案)B. It's up to you.C. It is a good question.D. Yes, you did well.10. —I love the Internet. I've come to know many friends on the Net.—__________________. Few of them would become your real friends. [单选题] *A. That's for sure.B. It's hard to say.(正确答案)C.I couldn't agree more.D. I'm pleased to know that.二、词语用法与语法结构（30分，每题1分）阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。

新编跨文化交际英语教程单元知识点梳理-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1 Communication Across Culturesneed for intercultural communication:New technology; Innovative communication system; Globalization of the economy; Changes in immigration patternsmajor socio-cultural elements influence communication are: cultural values;worldview(religion); social organization(family and state).behavior: gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch(Chinese people are reluctant to express their disproval openly for fear of making others lose face.)4. Six stumbling blocks in Intercultural communication(1)Assumption of similarities(2)Language differences(3)Nonverbal misinterpretations(4)Preconception and stereotypes先入之见刻板印象(5)Tendency to evaluate(6)High anxietyUnit 2 Culture and Communication1.Characteristics of Culture: Culture is learned;Culture is a set of shared interpretations;Culture involves Beliefs, Values, and Norms(规范，准则); Culture Affects Behaviors; Culture involves Large Groups of people2.Cultural identity文化身份refers to one’s senseof belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. People consciously identify themselves with a group that has a shared system of symbols and meanings as well as norms for conduct.3.Characteristics of Cultural Identity：Culturalidentity is central to a person’s sense of self.Cultural identity is dynamic（动态的）. Cultural identity is also multifaceted（多方面的）components of one’s self-concept.4.Intercultural communication defined:Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinctenough to alter the communication event.5.Elements of communication: Context; Participants;Message; Channels; Noise; FeedbackUnit 3 Cultural Diversity1.Define worldview and religionWorldview: deals with a culture’s most fundamental beliefs about the place in the cosmos （宇宙）, beliefs about God, and beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature.Religion:refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and a governor of the universe.Three major religions :a. Christian Religions Groups （基督教的）b. Islam （伊斯兰教）c. Buddhism （佛教）nature: (1) is evil but perfectible(2) is a mixture of good and evil(3) good but corruptible(易腐化的)of Man to Nature: (1) subjugation to nature(2) harmony with nature(3) mastery with natureRelationship：Hierarchy; Group; IndividualDimensions: Hofstede identity 5 dimensions individualism vs collectivism; uncertaintyavoidance; power distance; masculinity vsfemininity; long-term vs short-term orientation6. High-Context and Low-context CulturesA high-context(HC)—high-context cultures(Native Americans, Latin Americans, Japanese, Korean and Chinese): information is often provided through gesture, the use of the space, and even silence. Meaning is also conveyed through status(age, sex, education, family background, title, and affiliations) and through an indiv idual’s informal friends and associates.A low-context(LC)—low-context cultures(German, Swiss as well as American) For example, the Asian mode of communication is often indirect and implicit, whereas Western communication tends to bedirect and explicit—that is, everything needs to be stated.For example, members of low-context cultures expect messages to be detailed, clear-cut, and definite. The high-context people are apt to become impatient and irritated when low-context people insist on giving them information they don’t need.。

导言“新编跨文化交际英语教程•教师用书”主要是为使用“新编跨文化交际英语教程”教师配套的教学指南。

“新编跨文化交际英语教程”是在原有“跨文化交际英语教程”的基础上经过全面、系统修订而成，我们对全书做了较大的更新和完善，调整和增补了许多材料，力求使其更具时代性，更适合教学实际和学生需求。

为了进一步推进跨文化交际教学，在多年从事跨文化交际教学和研究的基础上，我们又特地编写了这本“新编跨文化交际英语教程•教师用书”，希望能对使用本教材进行教学的广大教师们，尤其是初次使用这本教材的教师们提供一些必要的引导和实质性的帮助。

为此，我们尽可能地为各单元中几乎所有的部分和项目都提供了参考提示。

除此之外，还补充了一些取自跨文化交际学重要著作的选段，供教师进一步了解相关背景知识和理论基础，以拓宽视野，有利于更好地进行教学。

同时我们还在书后附上了推荐的中文阅读书目（英文阅读书目可参看上海外语教育出版社的“跨文化交际丛书”系列）和有关跨文化交际的部分电影资料简介。

“新编跨文化交际英语教程”主要适用于高等学校英语专业教学中的跨文化交际课程，旨在通过课堂教学及相关活动使学生认识跨文化交际对当代世界所具有的重要意义和作用，了解文化对人类生活各个方面、尤其是交际活动的制约和影响，理解并把握交际活动的重要性、丰富性、复杂性，熟悉跨文化交际的基本构成以及所涉及的各种因素，培养跨文化意识，形成和发展对文化差异的敏感和宽容、以及处理文化差异问题的灵活性，提高使用英语进行跨文化交际的技能，为最终获得与不同文化背景人们进行深入交流的能力奠定基础。

通过使用本教材，教师也可从中获得更多有关文化（包括我们自己文化和外族文化）和跨文化交际的知识。

这本教材共分为10 个单元，涉及全球化时代的交际问题、文化与交际、各类文化差异、语言与文化、跨文化言语交际、跨文化非言语交际、时间与空间使用上的文化、跨文化感知、跨文化适应、跨文化能力等，包括了跨文化交际的各个方面，对其中一些重要问题都有相对深入的介绍与探讨。