Colonial America Chapter one
American literature is the youngest literature, because America was not discovered until the end of 16th C,
and it is believed that American literature didn’t begin until the 19th C.
Our first lecture will be brief about American literature of the Colonial Period, which is from the early 17th
C through the end of the 18th C, that is, from the settlement of America through American Revolution.
The settlement of the North American Continent by the English began in the early part of the 17thC. In
Nov, 1620, May Flower, with more than 100 immigrants from England arrived in America. They became the
founding fathers of the American nation. The New England emerged, thus began the history of America.
Many of these immigrants were puritans. The puritans were so suppressed in England that they sought
1 American Literature
Lecture Two： Puritanism and individualism：
American Literature during the Colonial and revolutionary period
The early settlement: the arrival of the Mayflower through the end of the 18th
century: building the wilderness into a habitable place while struggling for
literary expression。
Puritanism and individualism:
The Puritans were idealists who believed that the Church should be restored to the
“purity" of the first-century Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself。 Hence
the word “Purify”
They were a varied group of religious reformers who emerged within the Church of
England during the middle of the sixteenth century. They shared a common Calvinist
theology and common criticisms of the Anglican Church and English society and
government. Their numbers and influence grew steadily, culminating in the English
Lecture 1
The Outline of American Literature
I. Colonial Period ---American Puritanism
II. The Revolutionary Period: Benjamin Franklin; Thomas Jefferson…
III. The Romantic Period
1. Washington Irving
The Sketch Book: “Rip Van Winkle”; “The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow”;
2. James Fenimore Cooper: Leatherstocking Tales
3. New England Transcendentalism
(1) Ralph Emerson: Nature; The American Scholar
(2) Henry Thoreau: Walden
4. in the field of the novel
(1) Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter
(2) Herman Melville: Moby-Dick
5. in the field of poetry
(1) William Bryant / (2) Henry Longfellow
(3) Walt Whitman / (4) Emily Dickinson
6. Edgar Allan Poe
IV. the Age of Realism
1. Mark Twain
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn / The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
2. Henry James: The Portrait Of A Lady
托福听力学科分类（完全修正版）
TOEFL LISTENING ACADEMIC SUBJECTS NO.
BIOLOGY/Animal Behavior/Botany/Zoology
TPO 04 Lecture 1 Displacement Activity Animal Behavior 1
TPO 11 Lecture 1 Distraction Display Animal Behavior 2
TPO 16 Lecture 3 Animal’s Decision Making Processes Animal Behavior 3
TPO 08 Lecture 1 Active Habitat Selection Animal Behavior 4
OG Test2 Page 376 Dolphin Communication Animal Behavior 5
TPO 24 Lecture 1 Crocodile Vocalization Animal Behavior 6
TPO 25 Lecture 4 Animal Play Animal Behavior 7
TPO 28 Lecture 2 Mirror Self-Recognition Animal Behavior 8
TPO 17 Lecture 4 Defense Mechanism of Octopus Animal & Enviornment 9
TPO 14 Lecture 2 Microclimate Animal & Enviornment 10
TPO 15 Lecture 4 Hydrothermal Vents Animal & Enviornment 11
TPO 01 Lecture 4 Eastern Marmots & Olympic Marmots Animal & Enviornment 12
