宁波大学836化学教学论(A卷)2017年考研真题

(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：942 总分值：150 科目名称：食品微生物学第 1 页共3 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：942 总分值：150 科目名称：食品微生物学第 2 页共3 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：942 总分值：150 科目名称：食品微生物学第 3 页共3 页入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:食品微生物学科目代码：942 适用专业:食品科学、水产品加工及贮藏工程、食品工程一、概念解释（共30分，每题3分）1、营养缺陷型菌株2、F+菌株3、移码突变4、平酸腐败5、鉴别培养基6、Plasmid7、无氧呼吸8、血清学试验9、朊病毒10、商业无菌二、填空(共26分，每空格1分)1、产甲烷细菌和甲烷氧化菌在生态学上的相互关系称关系；泡菜制作过程中乳酸菌与腐败菌相互竞争，乳酸菌产生乳酸抑制其它腐败菌生长，其生态学上称关系。

2、葡萄糖在生物氧化的脱氢阶段中，可通过4条代谢途径完成其脱氢反应，它们分别是途径、途径、ED途径和循环。

从代谢产物类型来说，色素维生素等属于。

3、细胞质中的异染颗粒为贮藏物，聚Beta-羟丁酸为贮藏物。

4、黄酒酿造中制曲的目的有和；啤酒酿造中麦芽的作用；啤酒酿造主发酵温度；罐藏食品其微生物检验常用的培养温度有和两种。

5、酱油酿造所用典型菌株为，生理上应具有较强的酶活性。

6、下列菌名的中文名称：Aspergillus niger，Saccharomyces cerevisiae，Escherichia coli ，Bacillus subtilius 。

以下每格2分。

7、以淀粉质为主要碳源经发酵形成醋酸时，经过微生物作用的两个阶段分别为和。

8、明胶液化试验的实验原理是：。

三、简述下列概念的区别（共24分，每题4分）1、Complete medium和Minimal medium：2、同型乳酸发酵与异型乳酸发酵：3、微生态平衡与微生态制剂：4、消毒与防腐：5、连续培养和补料分批培养：6、菌相和菌落：第1页，共2 页入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:食品微生物学科目代码：942 适用专业:食品科学、水产品加工及贮藏工程、食品工程四、是非题（（对的打“+ ”，错的打“-”；共24分，每题2分）1、嗜酸微生物可以在酸性环境中较好地生长，因细胞内酶系等可以是酸性的。

考研宁波大学试题及答案试题：一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列关于宁波大学的说法，哪一项是正确的？A. 宁波大学位于浙江省宁波市B. 宁波大学是全国重点大学C. 宁波大学成立于1900年D. 宁波大学只提供理工科专业2. 考研政治中，毛泽东思想的精髓是：A. 实事求是B. 独立自主C. 群众路线D. 改革开放3. 在考研英语中，以下哪个单词的意思是“预测”？A. PredictB. ForecastC. AnticipateD. Expect4. 考研数学中，若函数f(x)在点x=a处连续，则以下哪项说法是正确的？A. f(a) = 0B. lim(x→a) f(x) = f(a)C. f(a) = f'(a)D. f(a)不存在5. 以下哪项不是考研复试中常见的考核内容？A. 专业课笔试B. 英语口语测试C. 个人才艺展示D. 面试6. 考研专业课中，对于经济学专业，以下哪项不是常见的考试科目？A. 微观经济学B. 宏观经济学C. 管理学D. 生态学7. 在考研政治的中国近现代史纲要部分，以下哪个事件标志着中国新民主主义革命的开始？A. 辛亥革命B. 五四运动C. 南昌起义D. 抗日战争8. 考研英语阅读理解中，如果一篇文章的主旨是关于环境保护的重要性，那么以下哪个问题最不可能出现在题目中？A. 文章中提到了哪些环境保护的措施？B. 作者为什么认为环境保护是重要的？C. 文章中提到的环境问题主要有哪些？D. 作者对经济发展和环境保护的关系持什么态度？9. 考研数学中，若一个数列的前n项和为S_n，且S_n = n^2，那么这个数列的第n项a_n与前n-1项和S_{n-1}的关系是：A. a_n = S_n - S_{n-1}B. a_n = 2nC. a_n = n^2D. a_n = n10. 考研复试中，以下哪项不是面试时可能会问到的问题？A. 你为什么选择这个专业？B. 你对未来有什么规划？C. 你最喜欢的一本书是什么？D. 你能否现场表演一段舞蹈？答案：一、单项选择题1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. D7. B8. D9. A10. D。

宁波大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 语文教学论科目代码： 834 适用专业: 学科教学（语文）
一、结合语文课程与教学论以及自己的经验谈谈你对下列概念含义的理解。

（20分）
1.口语交际（5分）
2.语文综合性学习（5分）
3.备课（5分）
4.语文教学研究技能（5分）
二、论述语文教学过程的基本内涵并结合实际阐述如何建构合理的语文教学过程。

（30分）
三、论述语文教学情境创设的基本原则和主要方法。

（30分）
四、结合新课程改革的实际以及语文课程与教学论的基本原理论述语文课程评价的内容及方法。

（20分）
五、阅读下列材料，请完成文后问题。

（50分）
地球是一只泪眼
地球是漂在水里吗
为什么每一块大陆的周围
全都是汪洋大海？
哦——地球满腹忧烦
她睁圆了望不断天涯的
泪眼
何时能哭干，这么多
苦涩的
海水？
问题1. 对《地球是一只泪眼》这一文本从内容和形式两个方面进行细读，写出个性化的教材解读观点与赏析。

（20分）
问题2.请为该课文设计体现诗意语文教学思想的教学方案。

（30分）
第1 页，共 1 页
宁波大学2015 年攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 语文教学论科目代码：834
适用专业: 学科教学(语文)
第1 页共1 页。

宁波大学考研真题861翻译与汉语（B卷）2016年-2017年入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Part I Translation(100points)Direction:This part consists of three passages.Translate passage1from English into Chinese and passage2and3from Chinese into English.Passage1:English-Chinese Translation.(50points)It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world:with out demands,without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the /doc/311584862.html,petition would never enter in. conflict would be eliminated,tension become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its functions.Longevity would be increased,for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on,with ambition long departed from the human heart.Ah,how unrelieved boring life would be!There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth,and ambition therefore a sham.Does this mean that success does not really exist?That achievement is at bottom empty?That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events now not all success, obviously,is worth esteeming,nor all ambition worth cultivating.Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’sown.But even the most cynical secretly admit that success exists;that achievement counts for a great deal;and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless.T o believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging.It is, in its implications,to remove all motives for competence,interest in attainment,and regard for posterity.We do not choose to be born.We do not choose our parents.We do not choose our historical epoch,the country of our birth,or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing.We do not,most of us,choose to die;nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death.But within all this realm of choicelessness,we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice,honorably or dishonorably,with purpose or in drift.We decide what is important and what is trivial in life.We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do.But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions,these choices and decisions are ours to make.We decide.We choose.And as we decide and choose,so are our lives formed.In the end,入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:翻译与汉语科目代码：861适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.Passage2:Chinese-English Translation.(20points)中国和东盟地缘相近、血缘相亲、人文相通、商缘相联、利益相融，是天然的合作伙伴。

2020年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试初试科目
考　试　大　纲
科目代码、名称:836化学教学论
1、考试形式与试卷结构
（1）试卷满分值及考试时间
本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

（二）答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。

试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。

（三）试卷内容结构
本科目考试主要考察化学课程论、化学教学论、化学学习论、化学实验论四大专题内容，具体内容主要包括化学课程要素、化学教学理论与教学设计、化学学习理论与学习策略、化学实验教学理论与教学模式等。

（四）试卷题型结构
一、概念题
二、简答题
三、设计题
二、考查目标
“化学教学论”科目考试主要考察考生对化学课程教学的基本概念、原理、方法知识的理解、掌握情况以及应用这些知识分析解决化学教学实践问题的基本能力。

3、考查范围或考试内容概要
本科目考试主要考察化学课程论、化学教学论、化学学习论、化学实验论等专题内容，具体内容主要包括化学课程要素、化学教学理论与教学设计、化学学习理论与学习策略、化学实验教学理论与教学模式等。

1、化学课程论：本专题聚焦初中与高中化学课程标准，主要考察如下几个方面的内容：
第1页，共2页。

宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：881 总分值：150 科目名称：物理化学一、选择题[共40分，每题2分]1.理想气体模型的基本特征是( )(A) 分子不断地作无规则运动、它们均匀分布在整个容器中(B) 各种分子间的作用相等，各种分子的体积大小相等(C) 所有分子都可看作一个质点，并且它们具有相等的能量(D) 分子间无作用力，分子本身无体积2.孤立体系中进行的变化，其 ΔU和 ΔH的值一定是：( )(A) ΔU >0，ΔH >0 (B) ΔU＝0，ΔH＝0(C) ΔU <0，ΔH <0 (D) ΔU＝0，ΔH大于、小于或等于零不能确定。

3.当以5 mol H2气与4 mol Cl2气混合，最后生成2 mol HCl气。

若以H2 +Cl2=2HCl为基本单元，则反应进度ξ应是：( )(A) 1 摩尔反应(B) 2摩尔反应(C) 4摩尔反应(D) 5摩尔反应4.将1 mol甲苯在101.325 kPa，110 ℃（正常沸点）下向真空蒸发转变为同温同压得甲苯蒸汽，该过程的：( )(A) Δvap S m= 0 (B) Δvap G m= 0 (C) Δvap H m= 0 (D) Δvap U m= 05.形成理想液态混合物过程的混合性质是：( )(A) Δmix V=0, Δmix H=0, Δmix S>0，Δmix G<0(B) Δmix V>0, Δmix H<0, Δmix S=0，Δmix G=0(C) Δmix V>0, Δmix H>0, Δmix S<0，Δmix G>0(D) Δmix V<0, Δmix H<0, Δmix S=0，Δmix G=06.下列诸过程可应用公式d U = (C p - nR)d T进行计算的是：( )(A) 实际气体等压可逆冷却(B) 恒容搅拌某液体以升高温度(C) 理想气体绝热可逆膨胀(D) 量热弹中的燃烧过程7.两只烧杯各有1 kg水，向A杯中加入0.01 mol 蔗糖，向B杯内溶入0.01 mol NaCl，两只烧杯按同样速度冷却降温，则有：( ) (A) A 杯先结冰(B) B 杯先结冰(C) 两杯同时结冰(D) 不能预测先后次序第0 页共 5 页。

科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学"Go away.I am not making myself ill."No;she was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window.Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her.Spring days,and summer days,and all sorts of days that would be her own.She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long.It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities.There was a feverish triumph in her eyes,and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory.She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs.Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey.It was Brently Mallard who entered,a little travel-stained,composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of the accident,and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards'quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease----of the joy that kills.(---------“The Story of an Hour”by Kate Chopin)Summary(Please write it on the Answer sheet)V．Writing(50points)Directions:In her concession speech,Hillary Clinton has called on her supporters to give Republican president-elect Donald Trump“the chance to lead”,saying that her loss was“painful，and it will be for a long time.”Addressing young people who had worked for and supported her campaign,Ms Clinton reflected on how in her life she had had successes and setbacks,“sometimes really painful ones”,and so would they. But she implored them not to despair:“This loss hurts.But please,please never stop believing that fighting for what’s right is worth it.It’s always worth it.”Write an essay entitled“Losses and Successes in my Life Experience”in no less than400 words to demonstrate your opinions on the values of losses.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.Losses and Successes in my Life Experience。