高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练(15)(1)

阅读理解训练（15）AThe Great Barn AdventureOne morning when I was 11, I explored the town’s abandoned round grain barn（谷仓）. I found a chained sliding door that was wide enough for me to pass through.Inside, there was a heavy smell of dead mice in the dark. Afte r my eyes adjusted, I noticed a shaft (升降机井) that rose all the way to the top of the barn. On one side w as a one-man elevator with a long rope and roller.I stepped onto the platform and gave the rope a drag and the elevator began sliding up the shaft, but stopped halfway. After a brief panic attack, I noticed holes in the wall at regular inter vals, forming a ladder. For reasons known only to an 11-year-old, I decided it would be better to go up than down. So, with shaking hands, I began climbing the wall.After what seemed like forever, I reached the top of the shaft.I stood up, dusted myself off and found absolutely nothing of i nterest. It was just an empty room with a ladder leading up to the roof. I climbed all the way up here for this? Then I noticeda fire extinguisher（灭火器）,which I’d always wanted to shoot off. So this was the cha nce of a lifetime. I tried it, and, much to my surprise, the thing worked! It shot out a thick cloud of powder that instantly filled t he room. I couldn’t breathe. I was going to choke to death, an d they’d probably never even find my body.Luckily, I remembered the ladder to the roof. I climbed up, po pped the straw roof and saw a bright blue sky.I suddenly realized the dust and powder pouring out of the top could draw attention. So when the dust had settled, I climbed down and slipped out of the chained door. I’m not sure if I wa s more excited about being alive or about not being caught, b ut I ran all the way back home.1. When the author got inside the barn, he _______.A. noticed a man on the elevatorB. opened the chained sliding doorC. saw many dead mice in the darkD. found a shaft leading to the top2. Which of the following is the right order of the author’s adve nture?a. The elevator stopped halfway.b. He entered the round grain barn.c. He climbed to the top of the shaft.d. He found a fire extinguisher and shot it off.A. b-a-c-dB. a-c-b-dC. c-a-d-bD. b-c-a-d3. After getting out of the chained door, the author might feel _ ______.A. inspiredB. relievedC. surprisedD. disap pointed4.. From the passage, we can learn that the author was proba bly a boy full of _______.A. passionsB. dreamsC. curiosityD. imagination参考答案1--4 DABCBEvening WorkshopsOptional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. Meals and other costs are not included but are also optional. Locations will be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that havebeen held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings ov er a series of years.Workshop 1: Student NetworkDate: Wednesday evening, Feb. 5thChairs: Hugo de Boer and Arika VirapongseSponsor: Society for Economic BotanyDescription: Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become fa miliar with a variety of educational programs and faculty advis ors(大学指导老师). Faculty members who are part of training programs are e ncouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students. Workshop 2: Botanical Film MakingDate : Wednesday evening, Feb. 5thChair : David StrauchSponsor : ofDescription : Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of l inking cultural information to recognizable plants. This worksh op is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorde d by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover technical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), tech nical aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material. Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own ca mera equipment.Workshop 3: Collections for Botany— Collections Development and ManagementDate: Friday evening, Feb. 7thChair: Jan SalickSponsor: Society for Economic BotanyDescription: SEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of arti facts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discus s successes, problems, and funding sources for solving mana gement issues.5. One of the purposes of a networking mixer held each year i s to ________.A. provide students with greater control over the mediaB. link cultural information to recognizable plantsC. help the students to deal with most of the environment is suesD. help the students to be familiar with educational program s6. Which of the following is true according to the poster?A. Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included.B. Participants have more than one option on Feb.5th than another night.C. Workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings.D. Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experi ence.7. You are a college student, interested in plants and good at taking TV pictures. Which of the Evening Workshops is most suitable for you?A. Botanical Film Making.B. Collections for Bota ny.C. Student Network.D. Society for Economic Botany.参考答案5-7 DBACThe extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s c apital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the , which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blo w it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summe r’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the bui lding seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, s maller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the buildi ng, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents. This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temper ature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold wi nters,” Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily t emperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building h as generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exceptio n of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in Oct ober and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accide ntally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.8. Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A. It was designed in a smaller size.B. No air conditioners were fixed in.C. Its heating system was less advanced.D. It used rather different building materials.9. What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A. Fresh air from outside.B. Heat in the building.C. Hollow space.D. Baseboard vent.10. Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in ?A. New York has less clear skies as .B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C. New York covers a larger area than .D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.11. The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s tempe rature control system_____.A. allows a wide range of temperaturesB. functions well for most of the yearC. can recycle up to 30% of the airD. works better in hot seasons参考答案8-11 BADBDMen are spending more and more time in the kitchen encoura ged by celebrity (名人) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University.The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given coo king a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 196 1.According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who r uns the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.Prof. Gershuny said, “The man in the kitchen is part of a muc h wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equal ity, but there is another 40 years probably to come.”Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day c ooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutes—a great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen th an men.Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrose xuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ra msay, Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hu gh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd.“I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit mea few weeks later, I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never ha ppen now.”Two-thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least t hree times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitche n or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the fa mily meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table—with many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sittin g room, and shared by family members. “The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat—as I did when I was a child—at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has surviv ed in a different format.”12. What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?A. The improvement of cooks’ status.B. The influence of popular female chefs.C. The change of female’s view on cooking.D. The development of sexual equality campaign.13. What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.B. Women spend much less time on cooking than before.C. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the sto ve than women.D. There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.14. How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to t he passage?A. It has become a thing of the past.B. It is very different from what it used to be.C. It shouldn’t be advocated in modern times.D. It is beneficial to the stability of the family.15. Which is the best title for the passage?A. The Changes of Family MealsB. Equality between Men and WomenC. Cooking into a New Trend for MenD. Cooking—a Thing of the Past for Women参考答案12—15 DBBC阅读理解训练（15）AThe Great Barn AdventureOne morning when I was 11, I explored the town’s abandoned round grain barn（谷仓）. I found a chained sliding door that was wide enough for me to pass through.Inside, there was a heavy smell of dead mice in the dark. After my eyes adjusted, I noticed a shaft (升降机井) that rose all the way to the top of the barn. On one side was a one-man elevator with a long rope and roller.I stepped onto the platform and gave the rope a drag and the elevator began sliding up the s haft, but stopped halfway. After a brief panic attack, I noticed holes in the wall at regular inter vals, forming a ladder. For reasons known only to an 11-year-old, I decided it would be better to go up than down. So, with shaking hands, I began climbin g the wall.After what seemed like forever, I reached the top of the shaft. I stood up, dusted myself off a nd found absolutely nothing of interest. It was just an empty room with a ladder leading up to the roof. I climbed all the way up here for this? Then I noticed a fire extinguisher（灭火器）,which I’d always wanted to shoot off. So this was the chance of a lifetime. I tried it, and, much to my surprise, the thing worked! It shot out a thick cloud of powder that instantly filled t he room. I couldn’t breathe. I was going to choke to death, and they’d probably never even fi nd my body.Luckily, I remembered the ladder to the roof. I climbed up, popped the straw roof and saw a b right blue sky.I suddenly realized the dust and powder pouring out of the top could draw attention. So when the dust had settled, I climbed down and slipped out of the chained door. I’m not sure if I wa s more excited about being alive or about not being caught, but I ran all the way back home.1. When the author got inside the barn, he _______.A. noticed a man on the elevatorB. opened the chained sliding doorC. saw many dead mice in the darkD. found a shaft leading to the top2. Which of the following is the right order of the author’s adventure?a. The elevator stopped halfway.b. He entered the round grain barn.c. He climbed to the top of the shaft.d. He found a fire extinguisher and shot it off.A. b-a-c-dB. a-c-b-dC. c-a-d-bD. b-c-a-d3. After getting out of the chained door, the author might feel _______.A. inspiredB. relievedC. surprisedD. disappointed4.. From the passage, we can learn that the author was probably a boy full of _______.A. passionsB. dreamsC. curiosityD. imagination参考答案1--4 DABCBEvening WorkshopsOptional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near th e conference hotel. Meals and other costs are not included but are also optional. Locations w ill be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most repr esent discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years.Workshop 1: Student NetworkDate: Wednesday evening, Feb. 5thChairs: Hugo de Boer and Arika VirapongseSponsor: Society for Economic BotanyDescription: Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to mee t each other and to become familiar with a variety of educational programs and faculty adviso rs(大学指导老师). Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.Workshop 2: Botanical Film MakingDate : Wednesday evening, Feb. 5thChair : David StrauchSponsor : ofDescription : Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to re cognizable plants. This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorde d by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover technical aspects (e.g . camera settings, audio), technical aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of pres enting the material. Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment.Workshop 3: Collections for Botany— Collections Development and ManagementDate: Friday evening, Feb. 7thChair: Jan SalickSponsor: Society for Economic BotanyDescription: SEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the de velopment of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discus s successes, problems, and funding sources for solving management issues.5. One of the purposes of a networking mixer held each year is to ________.A. provide students with greater control over the mediaB. link cultural information to recognizable plantsC. help the students to deal with most of the environment issuesD. help the students to be familiar with educational programs6. Which of the following is true according to the poster?A. Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included.B. Participants have more than one option on Feb.5th than another night.C. Workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings.D. Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience.7. You are a college student, interested in plants and good at taking TV pictures. Which of the Evening Workshops is most suitable for you?A. Botanical Film Making.B. Collections for Botany.C. Student Network.D. Society for Economic Botany.参考答案5-7 DBACThe extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the , which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owner s saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spa ces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to co ol the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building , to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, litt le dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, wit h its hot summers and cold wi nters,” Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in Novembe r, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.8. Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A. It was designed in a smaller size.B. No air conditioners were fixed in.C. Its heating system was less advanced.D. It used rather different building materials.9. What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A. Fresh air from outside.B. Heat in the building.C. Hollow space.D. Baseboard vent.10. Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in ?A. New York has less clear skies as .B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C. New York covers a larger area than .D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.11. The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system_____.A. allows a wide range of temperaturesB. functions well for most of the yearC. can recycle up to 30% of the airD. works better in hot seasons参考答案8-11 BADBDMen are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University .The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Resear ch at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.Prof. Gershuny said, “The man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality, but there is another 40 years probably to come.”Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one ho ur and seven minutes—a great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men. Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ra msay, Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd.“I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later, I was wearin g an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never ha ppen now.”Two-thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the fa mily meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table—with many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room, and shared by family m embers. “The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat—as I did when I was a child—at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format.”12. What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?A. The improvement of cooks’ status.B. The influence of popular female chefs.C. The change of female’s view on cooking.D. The development of sexual equality campaign.13. What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.B. Women spend much less time on cooking than before.C. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women.D. There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.14. How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage?A. It has become a thing of the past.B. It is very different from what it used to be.C. It shouldn’t be advocated in modern times.D. It is beneficial to the stability of the family.15. Which is the best title for the passage?A. The Changes of Family MealsB. Equality between Men and WomenC. Cooking into a New Trend for MenD. Cooking—a Thing of the Past for Women参考答案12—15 DBBC。

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。

1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·山东卷C 篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia , which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解预演解密训练（10）及答案阅读理解-----（201*·湖北卷）Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf nark. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” for Joining in the churs at times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? ——Why do welves howl for sure?What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering.Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll rall”where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.55.What the por similarity between wolves’ how humaes ting in chorus?A.The act of calling each other.B.the sense of accomplishment.C.The act of hunting for something.D.The sense of belonging to a group.56.Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?A.Wolves separate from each other after howling.B.Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.57.Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to______.A.show their ranksB.C.repotr the missing onesD.express their lonelingess58.“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”(in the lastparagraph)means_______.A.howling is a signal for huntingB.howling is a way of communicationC.howling aften occurs in the morningD.howling spreads from one to another【参考答案】DCBD高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项-----A“Some of the worst human tragedies happening in the world today go on because we don't really see them. We rarely make eye communication with people who are suffering, so we act sometimes as if the people don't exist．”The speaker is Bill Gates，the world's richest man．At a gathering in Seattle，he is talking not as the Microsoft chairman but as a partner in a strong personal duty. For Gates and his wife，Melinda，making less inequality in global health and domestic education has become a life's goal．Having set up their foundation(基金会)with close to $29 billion，the Gates are on track to become history's greatest philanthropists(慈善家). But they do more than just give money out. Experts praise the couple for their wisdom and their ability to gather others:“Even with this great contribution，”says Susan Schwab, president and CEO of the University System of Maryland Foundation,“they know they can't solve these problems alone．”Their devotion came from different sources．For Melinda，it was a vacation to Zaire．Where she was struck by meeting women in being extremely poor．For Bill，it was reading that millions of children die every year from preventable diseases. “Melinda and I had assumed that if there were medicines and treatments that could save lives, government would be doing everything they could to get them to…people，”Bill said at the World Health Assembly in Geneva. “We couldn't escape the cruel conclusion that…some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not．” From shock came action. They focused on the simple message that one life is worth no more or less than another. Frances Hesselbein, chairman of the non-profit Leader to Leader Institute, says：“Sometimes people give in a very fair way, but there is something about what they are doing…that is the opposite of that. It is very difficult to understand and very personal．”Both Gateses read scientific books and travel extensively in developing countries. So far，the Gateses have devoted $9 billion to global health. They share a sense of urgency. “We're not doing enough in developing countries to give out the treatments and practices we know are effective in fighting diseases such as malaria，tuberculosis and HIV，” the couple told U．S．News．1. Which of the following does Bill Gates think is not correct?A. We act sometimes as if the people suffering don't exist．B. They can't solve these problems alone．C. Some lives are worth saving and others are not．D. Government would be doing everything to help people．答案解析：答案为C。

2014高考英语阅读理解限时训练精品题（15）及答案阅读理解课堂练学案（17）Passage Twelve (Religion and Rationality)Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, toexpress satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.1. As use d in the passage, the author would define “wisdom” as[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.. an unemotional search for the truth.[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions. . Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. . it is unimaginative.[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.[C]. it has disappointed mankind.[D]. it has inspired mankind.5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be[A]. imaginative. . a provider of hope for the future.[C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.Vocabulary1. grace 恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告2. chide 责备3. sentiment 情感4. inviolate 不受侵犯的，纯洁的5. intent 意义，含义6. piecemeal 一件件，逐渐的，零碎的7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋8. veer 改变方向，转向9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。