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Chapter12.虚拟语气Subjunctive MoodI本章要点1.虚拟语气的含义2.if句式中的虚拟语气（现在、过去、将来）3.虚拟语气的省略和倒装4.名词性虚拟语气（表示建议，命令，惊叹时的名词性从句）5.虚拟语气的其他用法（常考的相当于if的虚拟）II虚拟语气语法点分述一、虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
由于虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊的表现形式，因此动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语气所包含的不同含义。
Jane：Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth,I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal-as we are![译文]你以为我穷、低微、不漂亮、我就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了!我和你一样有灵魂,有一颗完整的心!要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富，我会使你难以离开我就如同我现在难以离开你一样。
初中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气总结虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）在英语语法中是一个相当重要的概念，在初中英语学习中也是一个需要重点掌握的知识点。
本文将对初中英语中涉及到的虚拟语气进行归纳总结，旨在帮助学生更好地理解虚拟语气的用法和意义。
一、虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气是一种用来表示说话人所描述的动作、状态或假定情况在现实中并没有发生的语气。
虚拟语气常用于表示愿望、建议、要求、命令、条件、假设等情况，它与现实情况相对应。
二、虚拟语气的主要用法1. 表示愿望与建议虚拟语气常用于表示愿望与建议，通常使用这些句型：1) I wish/If only + 过去式：表示对现在或将来的情况表示遗憾、希望是不可能实现的。
例如：I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。
）If only it would stop raining.（要是天停止下雨就好了。
）2) It's time/ high time + 过去式：表示某个动作应该发生，但实际上尚未发生。
例如：It's time you went to bed.（现在该是你上床睡觉的时候了。
）It's high time we started our homework.（我们开始做家庭作业的时间已经到了。
）3) Should + 动词原形：表示建议。
例如：You should take a break.（你应该休息一下。
）2. 表示条件与假设虚拟语气常用于表示条件与假设，常见的虚拟语气句型包括：1) If + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + would/could + 动词原形：表示对现在或未来的假设条件。
例如：If I had a car, I would drive to work.（如果我有一辆车，我会开车去上班。
）2) Were + 主语：在虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反或不可能实现的情况。
例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题1虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况, 或一种主观的愿望, 即动词所表示的动作2或状态并非事实, 或不可能实现。
3一．一般情况下, 英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种：45二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法61.虚拟语气的倒装: 将if去掉, 谓语动词提前。
7●如:8I..wer.you..woul.giv.u.drinking.=Wer..you..woul.giv.u.drinking.9●I..ha.arrive.earlier..woul.hav.see.David..Ha..arrive.earlier..woul.hav.se10e.David.112. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致, 如：12If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.13（if从句是对过去的虚拟, 主句是对现在的虚拟。
）14If I were you, I would have gone home.15（if从句是对现在的虚拟, 主句是对过去的虚拟。
）1617注意: 在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
18He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.19上述动词的名词形式出现时, that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
20He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.21注意：22* insist有两个意思, 当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时, 23that从句用虚拟, 如: He insists that we (should) go home now.24当表示“坚持某种说法”时, that从句用陈述语气。
25He insists that he is right.2627It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s o rders.28It is right that you should have done your homework.29注意: wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于: hope表示一般可以实现的30希望, 宾语从句用陈述语气。
初中英语虚拟语气的用法与实例在初中英语的学习中，虚拟语气是一个比较复杂但又非常重要的语法点。
它用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
掌握虚拟语气不仅对于语法题的解答有帮助，还能让我们更准确地理解和运用英语。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件句是虚拟语气最常见的应用场景。
根据假设情况与事实的关系，条件句可以分为三种类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
1、与现在事实相反结构：If ＋主语＋动词过去式（be 动词用 were），主语＋would/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If I were you, I would study harder （如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
）在这个句子中，“我是你”是与现在事实相反的假设，因为我不可能是你，所以用 were，后面主句用 would study 表示在这种假设下会采取的行动。
2、与过去事实相反结构：If ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词，主语＋ would/could/might ＋have ＋过去分词例如：If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam （如果我之前学习努力，我就会通过考试了。
）这里“我之前学习努力”是与过去事实相反的假设，实际上我之前没有努力学习，所以从句用 had studied，主句用 would have passed 表示在这种假设下本应有的结果。
3、与将来事实相反结构：If ＋主语＋ should/were to ＋动词原形，主语＋would/could/might ＋动词原形例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home （如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。
）此句中“明天下雨”是对将来不太可能发生的情况的假设。
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句当 wish 表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，从句用过去完成时；表示对将来的愿望时，从句用 would/could ＋动词原形。
中考英语语法之情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词（Modal Verbs）是英语语法中一个重要的部分，用于表达说话人对某种动作或状态的态度、观点或推测。
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）则用于表达说话人对虚构、愿望、建议、命令等情况的假设、猜测或要求。
在中考英语考试中，掌握情态动词和虚拟语气的用法是非常关键的。
本文将具体介绍情态动词和虚拟语气的用法及注意事项。
一、情态动词的用法情态动词包括can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to等。
它们在句子中通常和动词原形一起使用，用于表示能力、可能性、允许、推测等。
下面是一些常见的用法和例句：1. 表示能力和可能性- I can swim. (我会游泳。
)- She may come late. (她可能会来迟。
)- They could solve the problem. (他们可以解决这个问题。
)2. 表示允许和禁止- You may go now. (你现在可以走了。
)- Students must wear uniforms. (学生必须穿制服。
)- You should not smoke here. (你不应该在这里吸烟。
)3. 表示推测和猜测- He must be busy. (他一定很忙。
)- It might rain tomorrow. (明天可能会下雨。
)- She will probably pass the exam. (她可能会通过考试。
)二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气用于表达说话人对某种假设、愿望、建议、命令等情况的态度。
下面是一些虚拟语气的常见用法和例句：1. 表达假设和不可能实现的愿望- If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. (如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空飞翔。
)- I wish I had a car. (我希望我有一辆车。
初中英语语法：主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气一、It’s important…类这个类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。
如：It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。
It is imperative that we should practise critidsm andself-criticism. 理应实行批评与自我批评。
二、It’s a pity…类It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate. 真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。
It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能来，真是太遗憾了。
It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。
It is his desire that a medical man should stay here. 他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。
三、It’s desired…类这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。
瑞丁英语初中语法chapter12虚拟语⽓（教师版）Chapter12.虚拟语⽓Subjunctive MoodI本章要点1.虚拟语⽓的含义2.if句式中的虚拟语⽓（现在、过去、将来）3.虚拟语⽓的省略和倒装4.名词性虚拟语⽓（表⽰建议，命令，惊叹时的名词性从句）5.虚拟语⽓的其他⽤法（常考的相当于if的虚拟）II虚拟语⽓语法点分述⼀、虚拟语⽓虚拟语⽓（Subjunctive Mood）⽤来表⽰说话⼈的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话⼈看来实现可能性很⼩的情况。
由于虚拟语⽓是动词的⼀种特殊的表现形式，因此动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语⽓所包含的不同含义。
Jane：Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth,I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal-as we are![译⽂]你以为我穷、低微、不漂亮、我就没有灵魂没有⼼吗？你想错了!我和你⼀样有灵魂,有⼀颗完整的⼼!要是上帝赐予我⼀点姿⾊和充⾜的财富，我会使你难以离开我就如同我现在难以离开你⼀样。
初中英语知识点归纳条件句中的虚拟语气用法辨析虚拟语气作为英语语法的重要部分，它在条件句中的运用尤为广泛。
在初中英语学习中，学生们必须对条件句中的虚拟语气用法进行准确的辨析与掌握。
本文将对初中英语知识点中关于条件句虚拟语气用法进行归纳与总结，以帮助学生们更好地理解与应用。
一、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气用法1. 形式：- If + 主语 + 动词的过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词的原形。
- 主语 + 动词的过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词的原形。
2. 例句：- If I were you, I would help him with his English.- He said that if he had enough money, he would buy a new car.二、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气用法1. 形式：- If + 主语 + 动词的过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词的原形。
- 主语 + 动词的过去式，主语 + would/could/might + 动词的原形。
2. 例句：- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.- He told me if he had time, he would come to my party.三、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气用法1. 形式：- If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
- 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
2. 例句：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.- He said that if he had known the truth earlier, he would have made a different decision.四、与现在可能性虚拟语气用法1. 形式：- If + 主语 + 动词的过去式，主语 + could/might + 动词的原形。
初中英语语法 谈谈虚拟语气 如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？ 1.I wish I were a bird. 2.We request that you be here tomorrow. 也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 错了，应该是 I was；而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。 一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present): 虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如： 1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气) I work ---- I work you work ---- you work he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works) she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔） it works ---- it work (同样不是 it works 喔) we work ---- we work they work ---- they work 1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气） I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!) you are working ---- you be working he is working ---- he be working she is working ---- she be working it is working ---- it be working we are working ---- we be working they are woring ---- they be working 1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气) I have worked ---- I have worked you have worked ---- you have worked he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔) she has worked ---- she have worked it has worked ---- it have worked we have worked ---- we have worked they have worked ---- they have worked 1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I have been working ---- I have been working you have been working ---- you have been working he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has ) she has been working ---- she have been working it has been working --- it have been working we have been working ---- we have been working they have been working ---- they have been working 谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二） 二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past) 虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去中要用 were。 2.1 过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气) I worked ---- I worked you worked ---- you worked he worked ---- he worked she worked ---- she worked it worked ---- it worked we worked ---- we worked they worked ---- they worked 2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I was working ---- I were working （注意是 I were） you were working ---- you were working he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔) she was working ---- she were working it was working ---- it were working we were working ---- we were working they were working ---- they were working 2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气) I had worked ---- I had worked you had worked ---- you had worked he had worked ---- he had worked she had worked ---- she had worked it had worked ---- it had worked we had worked ---- we had worked they had worked ---- they had worked (耶，全部都用 had ! ) 2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气) I had been working ---- I had been working you had been working ---- you had been working he had been working ---- he had been working she had been working ---- she had been working it had been working ---- it had been working we had been working ---- we had been working they had been working ---- they had been working 谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（三） 三、简单的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿 1.May you be happy. (注意那个be)祝你幸福。 2.May you have a good time. 3.May the friendship between us last long, 4.Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快！ 3.2 命令 注意： 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。 1.Work ! 2.Work harder ! 3.Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词 Be) 4.You go out ! 5.Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) 6.Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替 do not) 谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(四) 四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(Modal Verb)的过去时态(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等： 1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼) 2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉) 五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)： 表示： a.和现在的事实相反； b.和过去的事实相反； c.对将来的主观愿望。 5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式 knew) 我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were) 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were) 但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home. (wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us. (will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用"had + 过去分词"（时间上较前): 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
