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我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。
Ⅰ.事实细节题属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。
此类题型一般分两种。
第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。
第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。
做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
这类题型的主要提问方式常为：①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?④All the following statements are NOT true except .细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。
对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。
寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。
做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
Ⅱ.词义猜测题在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。
其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
细节事实题解题技巧细节事实题解题技巧细节题是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。
一般包括直接理解题、语义转化题)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。
尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
一、题型特点与命题方式所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。
一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。
)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。
抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。
这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。
所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。
在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
（五）事实细节题在阅读理解测试中，很大比例的题目是考细节的。
事实上在对历年试题的分析中发现，事实细节题的比例占一半以上。
文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。
因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它们。
这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字，也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。
根据具体考查的内容或范围，事实细节题可以再细分为因果细节题、态度细节题、观点细节题、类比细节题、综合细节题和具体细节题。
1 常见的命题模式（1）According to the passage/ the author, who (what, where, which, when, why, how, etc.)（2）Which of the following is true/correct/ false/not included?（3）All of the following are (not) true, are (not) mentioned except .（4）The author mentions all of the items listed below/all of the following except .（5）We learn from the last paragraph(the first three paragraphs, the text) that .事实细节的考查内容和形式可以说是五花八门，但是大致可以归纳为以下三种类型：（1）According 型题干中多用who，what, where, which, when, why, how等疑问词引导，利用词性、同义词、近义词或一些意思相似的语句去考查考生对原文表达细节信息的词汇、惯用法的正确理解，要求考生在文中寻找重要事实与细节。
考生可以利用题目的关键词去寻找文中对应词，在对应词周围找答案。
阅读理解专项练习题一、事实细节题1. 请从文中找出作者提到的我国著名旅游景点。
2. 根据文章内容，简要描述主人公在困境中是如何自救的。
3. 文中提到的科技创新成果有哪些？4. 请列举出文中提到的几种环保措施。
5. 从文章中可以看出，作者对传统文化的态度是怎样的？二、词义猜测题1. 根据上下文，推测“瓶颈”一词在文中的含义。
2. “这片土地见证了历史的沧桑”中的“沧桑”是什么意思？3. 文中提到的“绿色出行”，请你猜测一下它的含义。
4. “他这个人很轴”中的“轴”字在这里是什么意思？5. 请解释“与时俱进”在文中的具体含义。
三、推理判断题A. 主人公最终克服了困难B. 文章主要讲述了我国的历史变迁C. 作者对现代科技持否定态度D. 文章倡导人们保护环境A. 我国旅游资源丰富B. 主人公在困境中得到了他人的帮助C. 科技创新对国家发展至关重要D. 作者认为传统文化需要传承和发扬A. 文章旨在表达对大自然的赞美B. 主人公在故事中经历了成长C. 环保意识在现代社会越来越受到重视D. 作者认为传统文化已经过时四、主旨大意题1. 请简要概括文章的主题。
2. 文章主要从哪几个方面论述了科技创新的重要性？3. 请用一句话概括文章的中心思想。
五、观点态度题1. 作者在文中对环境保护的态度是怎样的？2. 从文章中可以看出，作者对主人公的遭遇持何种态度？3. 请分析作者对传统文化的观点。
六、信息筛选题A. 旅游B. 自救C. 科技创新D. 环保E. 传统文化2. 请筛选出文中关于我国经济发展的相关内容。
七、句子理解题1. “教育的本质不是灌输，而是点燃火焰。
”这句话在文中的含义是什么？2. 文中提到的“这是一场没有硝烟的战争”，这句话是如何体现文章主题的？3. 请解释“时间就像海绵里的水，只要愿挤，总还是有的”这句话在文中的意义。
八、段落作用题1. 请分析第二段在文中的作用。
3. 第三段与第四段之间有什么联系？请简要说明。
事实细节题型阅读解题技巧巩固练习一、选择下面细节理解题的答案1. Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures2.Let’s begin with the question of why people vol unteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People volunteer mainly out of ______.A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs3.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assum ed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olu nteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once a gain, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.4.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.By watching TV, children learn _________.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little abou t people’s psychology5.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of rea ding for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best pre dicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?A. Radio-listeningB. Television-watchingC. Parents’ reading listD. Parents’ educational backgr ound6.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers. Anderson believed that _________.A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB. the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school7.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.D. It improves local soil conditions.8.Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?A. The breeding season.B. The light in modern lifeC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.二、完形填空A Love Note to My MomWhen I was a little girl, I would often accompany you as you modeled (T台展示) for fashion photographers. It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling 1 in your life. Little did I know you were 2 every penny you earned to go to 3 school.I cannot thank you enough for 4 you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried 5 piles of law books. I was 6 . Why were you doing what I do—memorizing textbooks and studying for 7 ? When you said you were in law school, I was more puzzled. I didn’t know Moms 8 be lawyers too. You smiled and said, “In life, you can do anything you want to do.”As young as I was, that statement kept 9 in my ears. I watched as you faced the 10 of completing your studies, starting companies with Dad, while still being a 11 and a Mom of five kids. I was exhausted just watching you 12 . With your words of wisdom in my 13 mind, I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream. My whole world 14 . I set out to live my life filled with 15 , seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements. Your words became my motto. I 16 found myself in the unique position of being either the first (woman doctor in Maryland Rotary) 17 one of the few women (chief medical reporters) in my field. I gained strength every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that.”Encouraged by your 18 , I have forged ahead(毅然前行) with my life’s jour ney, less afraid to make mistakes, and 19 meeting each challenge. You did it, and now I’m 20 it. Sorry, got to run. So much to do, so many dreams to live.1. A. found B. played C. kept D. provided2. A. saving B. making C. donating D. receiving3. A. business B. fashion C. law D. medical4. A. what B. that C. which D. where5. A. at B. to C. upon D. under6. A. amused B. worried C. puzzled D. disappointed7. A. roles B. tests C. positions D. shows8. A. must B. ought to C. need D. could9. A. ringing B. blowing C. falling D. beating10. A. choices B. chances C. challenges D. changes11. A. professor B. doctor C. reporter D. model12. A. in danger B. in action C. in trouble D. in charge13. A. weak B. powerful C. youthful D. empty14. A. came back B. closed down C. went by D. opened up15. A. hope B. hardship C. harmony D. sadness16. A. constantly B. shortly C. hardly D. nearly17. A. and B. but C. or D. for18. A. description B. statement C. praise D. introduction19. A. secretly B. curiously C. carelessly D. eagerly20. A. doing B. considering C. correcting D. reading三、阅读理解People have written and recorded hundreds of songs about autumn. Many of these songs express sadness that summer is over. It is getting darker earlier each day. The weather is cooler. The skies are gray. Birds fly south because they know winter is coming. The leaves turn colors of red and gold and then die, falling to the ground. Some songs about autumn also express the sadness of lost love.Mary Dawson, in her Internet Writing Journal, wrote that this season influenced songwriters to write some of the greatest songs of all time. Here are some of our favorite songs about autumn.September song by Kurt Weill is one of the most well-known and saddest songs about the season. It was introduced in 1938 in the Broadway musical Knickerbockers Holiday. Probably the most famous version is sung by Frank Sinatra.Another famous song about this season is Autumn Leaves. This song also expresses sad emotions. It was first introduced in a French movie in 1946. Later, the famous American songwriter Johnny Mercer was asked to write English words to the music.The Moody Blues is a British rock band that first became famous in the 1960s. They also recorded a song about fallen leaves, darker days and lost love. It is called Forever Autumn.Hero is another sad song about things that happen in autumn. Wake Me Up When September Ends is by the band Green Day from their album American Idiot. The song is about the death of a father.The rock group the White Stripes has a song called Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground, from their album White Blood Cells. Jack White sings about a woman who did not wait for him while he was away.But not all the songs about autumn are sad. Here is a more hopeful song. James Taylor’s October Road from his album by the same name. The song is about leaving the big city for the countryside and going home again after a long time away.For people who live in New York City, autumn is an exciting time of the year. New plays open in theaters on Broadway. The season also brings the promise of new love. Vernon Duke wrote the song Autumn in New York in 1934. Many famous artists have recorded it. We leave you with Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong singing this famous song.1. Which of the following belong to the songs that express the feeling of sadness?a. White Blood Cellsb. Autumn in New Yorkc. Dead Leaves and the Dirty Groundd. October Roade. Wake Me Up When September Endsf. American Idiotg. Knickerbockers Holidayh. September Songi. Autumn Leavesj. Forever AutumnA. b, c, d, e, h, i, jB. b, c, d, e, g, h, i, jC. c, e, h, i, jD. c, e, g, h, i, j2. The first paragraph is used to ________.A. introduce the topic of the passageB. explain how to write a songC. compare different songs about autumnD. express the author’s feeling in autumn3. Which of the following songs expresses the sadness for the father’s death?A. September Song.B. Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground.C. Wake Me Up When September Ends.D. Forever Autumn.4. The passage most probably appears ________.A. in a newspaperB. in a magazineC. in a history book D on the air四、短文改错下面短文中有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
事实细节题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍阅读理解题是高考备考的“重头戏”，因为它占到了40分，是全卷分值最大的一道题。
高考阅读理解选题体裁多样，涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文；选材新颖，贴近生活，强调跨文化意识和能力，强调语篇选材的真实性；话题广泛，涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等；题型合理，在题型设计上，包括词义猜测题、细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、和意图态度题等几大题型。
考纲要求“理解文中具体信息”，细节理解题正是对文中具体信息的掌握情况进行考查，是高考英语阅读理解中占比重最大的一类题型，在2017年全国新课标卷的阅读理解20道小题中占到一半（10题）。
这类题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。
主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问。
细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。
解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换)。
解题技巧设问特点常以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等词提问。
以是非true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT等词提问。
正确选项的特点正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。
常用方法就是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言（词汇和结构）改头换面，来表达相同的意思。
干扰项特征1）无中生有：凭空捏造原文不存在的细节，以迷惑和干扰考生。
2）常识干扰：干扰项是一些基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问题的一般看法和认识，虽然符合客观现实，但并非文章所提及的。
（一）事实细节题1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least. Q:According to the passage, people wearing uniforms_____.A are usually helpedB have little or no individual freedomC tend to lose their individualityD enjoy greater popularity2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with isthat____.A their social roles are rigidly determinedB most boys would like to follow their fathers professionsC boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD they like challenging activities3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝啬的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.[A]mainly by the state government [B]exclusively by the local government[C]by the National Education Association [D]by both the local and state government4. ... It was hard to lift her. She was just out. Buthe managed to raise her the four feet to the platform sothat bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag heraway from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held herhand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the bloodpouring from her head. And she tried to talk but shecouldn’t, and that was when she realized how much painshe was in.Q: When did Lisa become conscious again?A. When the train was leaving.B. After she was back on the platform.C. After the police and fire officials came.D. When a man was cleaning the blood from herhead.5．Wildlife watching also creates satisfyingmemories. We have seen hundreds of the elk andbighorn sheep that attract visitors, yet they still arouse asense of wonder. And the rare spotting of acougar, wolf or woodland caribou takes our breath away. (2009上海)Q: Which of the following is true according to thepassage?A. Dogsledding is the most popular sport among localpeople.B. Watching wildlife is a memorable experience.C. Travellers should bring their own sports equipment.D. Shopping is too simple a pleasure to enjoy.6. It is not too much to say of him, as RobertSchumann did, that “music owes as much to Bach asChristianity to its Founder ”.Bach wrote a library of music as incomparable forits extensiveness as for its artistic merit....Q: The words “music owes as much as to Bach asChristianity to its Founder”implies BachA. is a music geniusB. is among the founders of musicC. has made extremely important contribution to theart of musicD. is the god of music to music-lovers7. Coming in a close second—and oftenwrongly mentioned as the most distant land—is EasterIsland, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearestneighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island wassettled around the 5th century, supposedly by peoplewho were lost at sea. They had no connection with theoutside world for more than a thousand years, givingthem plenty of time to build more than 1,000 hugestone figures, called moai , for which the island is mostfamous.Q: Which of the following is most famous formoai?A. Tristan da Cunha.B. Pitcairn Island.C. Easter Island.D. St. Helena.8. The well-mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand, his fork in the left, cuts his meat and presses his vegetables into his fork. The well-mannered American first cuts up all his meat, then places his knife down on the right of his plate. Takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to the mouth. He will have coffee half way through his dinner before the pudding. The Englishman drinks his coffee after the dinner. And, of course, Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers. The Englishman would be shocked at the American’s idea of how tea should be made.Q: A well-mannered American _______ .A holds his knife in his right hand all the time at tableB doesn’t use a knife during his mealsC places his knife down on the right of his handD uses his knife only once during his dinner9. There are 5 categories. A category 1 storm has winds of about 120 to 150 kilometers an hour. It can damage trees and lightweight structures. Wind speeds in a category 2 hurricane can reach close to 180 kilometers an hour. These storms are often powerul enough to break windows or blow the roof of a house. Winds between about 180 and 250 kilometers an hour represent categories 3 and 4. Anything even more powerful is a category 5 hurricane. The researchers say that about 35% of all hurricanes in the past ten years were category 4 or 5.Q: If a hurricane makes some of the houses in a coastal village fall down, it is at least ahurricane.A category 2B category 3C category 4D category 510. Noisy confrontations (冲突) between hunters and saboteurs (阴谋破坏者) have become socommon that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the game of running after foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger danger to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to agree on a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.Q: A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to _______ .A ban farmers from hunting foxesB forbid hunting foxes with dogsC stop hunting wild animals in the countrysideD prevent large-scale fox hunting（二）推断题细节推断题; 人物性格、态度及观点判断题; 预测想象推理题; 写作意图推测题.推断示例：1.The young man quickly answered, “Yes, sir”.2.“Lots of people think I’m just a green kid. I’ll show them”.3.When the phone finally rang, he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.4.The old man staggered (摇摇晃晃地走) along the sidewalk. He grabbed at the picket fence tokeep form falling. His torn gray overcoat swayed open in the winter wind.练习：1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.Q: Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle. Q: As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.2. A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the di stance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? Q: According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may betrue.Q: The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He can't be telling the truth.3. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,”Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"Q: The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it strange for her to fall in love with himQ: The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with himD. she loved him very much4. The U.S. government has misplaced the original recording of the first moon landing，including astronaut Neil Armstrong’s famous“one small step for man，one giant leap for mankind”．Armstrong’s famous space walk，seen by millions of viewers on July 20,1969,is among the transmissions（电台广播）that NASA has failed to turn up after a year of searching．The tapes also contain data about the health of the astronauts and the condition of the spacecraft．In all，some 700 boxes of transmissions from the Apollo lunar missions are missing．“We haven’t seen them for quite a while．We’ve been looking for over a year and they haven’t turned up．I wouldn’t say we’re worried —we’ve got all the data．Everything on the tapes we have in one form or another,”Hautaloma said．NASA has kept copies of the television broadcasts and offers several clips（剪辑）on its website，but those images are of lower quality than the original ones stored on the missing magnetic tapes．BecauseNASA’s equipment was not compatible（兼容的）with TV technology of the day，the original transmissions had to be displayed on a monitor and re-shot by a TV camera for broadcast．It is possible that the tapes will be unplayable even if they are found，because they have degraded significantly over the years —a problem common to magnetic tapes and other types of recordable media．The material was held by the National Archives（档案馆）but returned to NASA some time in the late 1970s．“We’re looking for paperwork to see where they were last,”Hautaloma said．Q: It can be inferred from the text that ．A．700 boxes of trans missions are about the spacecraftB．NASA has no material from the lost informationC．the original recording got lost at NASAD．the original transmissions can’t be displayed5. For many years scientists have believed that the first animals on land developed gradually from fish around 360 million years ago．Now they have proof that our limbs came from fins（鳍）following an amazing discovery of a fossil by the United States fossil（化石）hunters that shows a link between fish and land animals．Fossils of a creature，which is thought to have come out of the water about 375 million years ago，have been found on an island in Canada．The creature has been nicknamed Fishapod，although its proper name is Tiktaalik，which means“large fish in a stream”in the local Inuit language．Tom Brown，a specialist who studies fossils，and his colleagues spent six years exploring the Canadian Arctic for the missing link between fish and land animals．Many fossil hunters believe that some fish developed legs while they were still in the water．The Fishapod seems to prove this theory because it is a strange combination of a fish and a tetrapod．The creature had scales and fins like a fish but a neck and a flat head that looked more like that of a crocodile（鳄鱼）．It appears to have gills（腮）and basic lungs．Its front limbs bend just like arms．It is thought that the Fishapod may have pushed itself out of the water with its legs to breathe air．Brown said that his finding opens a remarkable new window on one of the major events of the history of life on Earth．Q：We can infer from the text that a tetrapod is an animal that ．A．could swim in water B．could fly in the air C．had four feet or legs D．ate fish 6. I once took a wonderful vacation in Italy．On the bus tour I gave away some of our newspapers．A woman named Florence came up to me and said,“Do you understand what the two of you are talking about in your newspaper？It happened to me．Do you want to hear about it？”I said that I did．The following was her story．“It was a black cat that helped me find myself again．When my husband died young，I was very upset．I took a job as a teacher．The job didn’t work out and I felt down．I knew I needed a change，but what？I decided that I wanted a black cat，just like the black cat，Duke，I had in childhood．Duke was part of my family．One day we were driving on our summer vacation．The windows of the car were open，and Duke jumped out of the car and disappeared．After hours of searching，my dad said，‘Let’s go back to the house so that we can start out really early tomorrow morning to look for Duke．We drove twenty miles back to the house．As we approached，there was Duke，sitting on the front porch looking at the door．He had walked twenty miles while we were looking for him．He knew where he was going．So，that’s the story of Duke．I guess I had to find that memory from my past to get myself back．A friend found a black cat for me．As I held it，I knew that it was love．From that day forward，I felt that my life was good again．I found myself again．I felt more sure of myself．I don’t think a lot of people could understand how a cat helped me that much，but now having read your newspaper，I wanted to share this with you．”I was very moved by Florence’s story of her cat．Indeed，the positive memories from our childhood are extremely important，not only for recovering positive states of well being，but for giving us a sense of self-esteem．Q：From the text，we can infer that ．A．Duke had also helped Florence go through a hard-ship beforeB．the place where Florence’s family had vacation was 20 miles awayC．the newspaper had reported a story how a cat helped peopleD．the positive memories in one’s childhood can change many negative effects7. If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but ..." what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective. "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you are upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of recognizing a specific act that was particularly hurtful, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not make any sense.These false apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not voice these false apologies.But even when presented with examples of really being sorry, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that taking the biscuit without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.Q: According to the author, saying "I'm sorry you are upset" most probably means ______ .A you have good reason to get upsetB i know you are upset, but I'm not to blameC i apologize for hurting your feelingsD I'm at fault for making you upsetQ: We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______.A their apologies should be persuasiveB their ages should be taken into considerationC parents need to set them a good exampleD parents should be patient and honestQ: It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______.A a social problem calling for immediate attentionB not necessary among family membersC a sign of social progressD not as simple as it seems8. I spend half my life with my mother and the other half with my father. My father lives with a twenty-pound cat named To-fu. He called me his favorite daughter. I am an only child.My father's apartment is quite different from any other person's living space. Except for my room, there is no furniture. From my father's studio window, you can see s large part of San Francisco. I like to watch the colors change in the bay when the sun is setting. All the walls are white, and framed posters of my father's last three books hang side by side. He spends a lot of time lying on the studio floor. That's how he thinks. Then he does yoga. He has a big kitchen, and on the top of the fridge is an old clock he winds every week for good luck. The last time the clock stooped, my father's car was towed, so he has become very superstitious.My father has set lots of house rules. You have to take off your shoes when you come in. He won't allow anyone who wears a baseball cap into his house. "House rule No. 579, no television programs with laugh tracks!" he will say. Every time i go to stay at his house, he makes up a new rule. But then he can neverremember the numbers, so they change constantly.The rule that he always emphasizes is the one that requires me to write a two-page essay anytime i want something. He didn't speak English until he was 16, and he had a hard time learning to write it, so he wants me to become a good writer at an early age. This started when i asked him if i could have my ears pierced when i was nine. He told me i could persuade him in writing why i wanted holes in my ears, maybe he would say ok. I wrote my first essay for my father, and after one month of writing and rewriting, he finally gave me his permission.Q: From the last paragraph we learn that the writer's father _______.A was born in the United StatesB was good at learning languagesC was a good writer at an early ageD knows more than one languageQ: We can infer from the passage that ________.A an old clock relates to one's luckB the writer stays with her father moreC the writer's parents are separatedD her father likes the holes in her ears。
