下载文档原格式
专题04 动词和动词短语【考向解读】单项填空对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词的辨析，尤其是在特定语境中的应用，动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。
近三年常考的动词为：形似词、意近词、词缀一样词和无一定联系的词。
动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，因此我们在平时的学习中应当重视理解句子的本义和引申义，逐步养成琢磨句子的含义以与对语境理解的习惯。
为正确运用英语词汇夯实根底。
【命题热点突破一】动词词义辨析例1．【2016·浙江】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.A. limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled【答案】C【考点】考查动词辨析。
动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点，近三年常考的动词可分为四类：形似词、意近词、词缀一样词和无一定联系的词。
动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,因此正确理解语境的含义是解决此类题的前提和根底。
1．常考形近词总结：(1)translate，transport，transplant，transform(2)conserve，preserve，reserve(3)commit，submit，permit，admit(4)inspect，expect，respect，suspect(5)resist，persist，insist，assist，consist(6)rise，arise，raise，arouse(7)explode，explore，export(8)require，acquire，inquire，inspire(9)contribute，distribute(10)aboard，abroad，board2．常考意近词总结：(1)win，defeat，beat，gain(2)fit，suit，match(3)cost，spend，take，pay(4)affect，effect，influence(5)announce，declare(6)adapt，adjust【变式探究】 By applying the theory to the problem，we can brush away the detailsto________simple patterns.A．release B．rejectC．reveal D．replace答案：C【方法技巧】解答特定语境下考查动词意义的辨析题对于特定语境下考查动词意义辨析的题目而言，一般来说,没有巧妙的解题技巧，解题步骤通常是首先判断题干的具体含义，接着确定选项的意义，然后结合二者选出答案。
专题05非谓语动词年份卷别动词不定式三年（16考）过去分词三年（10考）现在分词与动名词三年（15考）命题趋势2024新高考I卷to give closed engineering动词不定式：1.考查不定式的句法功能（做目的状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。
2.不定式的固定搭配和句型。
过去分词：1.考查过去分词形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语）。
2.过去分词与现在分词辨析。
现在分词和动名词：1.考查动词-ing形式句法功能（做状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语）。
2.动词-ing的固定搭配和句型。
高考真题对非谓语的考查往往以较长句子出现，需要注重结构复杂化和情景化。
新高考II卷to find inspired recalling全国甲卷to catchshared→sharepacking→packed浙江卷1月to benefit designed2023新高考I卷to biteto be liftedrecognized wanting新高考II卷visiting全国甲卷to teach borrowing全国乙卷built recording;Havingvisited 北京卷to address facing浙江卷1月surrounded2022新高考I卷to increase Covering新高考II卷to see falling全国甲卷to talkto journeystaying(改错)planning全国乙卷to strengthen shared inviting;causing(改错)浙江卷1月to continue changing 北京卷supposed天津卷To keep allowing考点01动词不定式1.（2024年新高考I卷语法填空）These sepals open on warm days________(give)the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词。
高考英语动词和动词短语【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。
根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。
故选C。
2.（2021·天津卷）With that thought in mind, Pruitt 22 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 23 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again for free. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the budget to buy one.22．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from23．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 【答案】22．A 23．D【解析】22．考查动词短语辨析。
考点07 动词和动词短语高考频度：★★★★★英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。
高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一常用动词辨析1.advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物动词，表示＂劝告，忠告，建议＂，强调提醒或引起注意；persuade表示＂说服＂，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词，意为＂建议＂，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
2．bring，take，carry，fetchbring＂带来，拿来，取来＂，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take＂拿走，带走＂，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。
fetch＂去拿来，去取来＂，强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于go and bring。
carry＂携带，搬运，运送＂，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3．win，beat，defeatwin表示＂赢得，战胜＂时，宾语多是比赛项目等。
win sb.则指＂赢得人心＂。
beat/defeat意为＂打败，击败＂，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。
如：beat sb.打败某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。
在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的１/３以上，起着举足轻重的作用。
动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：１动词的词义；２动词搭配；３及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；４熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法（例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等）。
１．（２0１３·湖北，２３）While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A．sacrifice B．substitute C．simplify D．survive２．（２0１３·福建，２8）Old—fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.A．turn down B．turn outC．break down D．break out３．（２0１３·湖北，２４）According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A．associate B．dispute C．negotiate D．register４．（２0１３·江苏，２３）—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.A．qualified B．preservedC．decorated D．simplified５．（２0１３·江苏，２9）T eam leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A．get over B．look overC．take over D．come over6．（２0１３·陕西，２５）My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________. A．cut out B．cut downC．cut up D．cut off7．（２0１３·天津，２）If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hanＤ．A．lend B．shake C．wave D．want8．（２0１３·新课标Ⅰ，２３）Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.A．check B．allow C．stop D．help9．（２0１３·浙江，9）When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.A．conclude B．lead C．avoid D．hold１0．（２0１３·浙江，１２）A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A．realizing B．copyingC．offering D．misunderstanding考点１、动词意义的辨析【例１】Recently，these companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy. A．hired B．dismissed C．refused D．employed【例２】When his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.A．injured B．damaged C．harmed D．destroyed考点２、动词的固定搭配【例３】I ________ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A．make B．look C．take D．think【例４】Her shoes ________ her dress，they look very well together.A．suit B．fit C．compare D．match【特别提醒】英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同（１）动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。
高考英语专项复习《动词和动词短语》三年真题汇总2022年高考真题1.（2022.6新高考1卷完形填空）Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded答案：D、B解析：【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。
A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off 启程、出发。
根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。
故选D。
【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。
A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。
根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。
全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编一一动词及动词短语K04 全国I 3 一How about eight o9clock outside the cinema?一That ____ me fine.A. fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suitsK答案H DK考点』检查考生对动词的辩异能力。
K解析11这四个词在汉语意思上很接近,fit 一般指衣服等的尺寸对某人很合适；meet有“满足……的要求”之意；satisfy的意思是“使... 满意”;suit指样式、场合、方便等，意思是“适合... 的要求”。
答语的句意为：这约定正适合我。
K04 全国I 3 You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you've finished with them.A. put onB. put downC. put backD. put offK答案』cK考点』检查考生对短语动词的掌握和运用能力。
K解析》句意：你可以从架子上拿任何东西看，但是看完后请放回原处。
put on穿上；上演；增加；假装；使…上场put down镇压；记下；贬低；制止put back放冋原处；推迟；倒退；妨碍put off®迟；扔掉；阻止K04 全国II3 The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ____ completely.A. turned downB. put outC. put awayD. turned overK答案H BK考点』考查动词短语的用法区别。
K解析D句意：那些森林警卫经常发现一些营火没有被完全熄灭。
Uim down减小，关小，调低put out 熄灭；仲出；出版；使不方便，打扰put away放好；抛弃；储存turn over移交给；翻阅；把…翻过来；发动；营业额达到；反复考虑K04 全国III3 In some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has _____ .A. turned downB. turned overC. fallen downD. fallen overK答案U AK考点H考查动词短语的用法区别。
专题04 动词和动词短语1.（2023年新高考I卷完形填空）As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised【答案】C【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。
A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped 停止；D. promised答应。
根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。
故选C。
2.（2023年新高考II卷）As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.【答案】wished【详解】考查动词。
句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。
故填wished。
3.（新高考II卷完形填空）It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up【答案】44. C 45. B 46. D【详解】【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。
高三英语动词动词短语试题答案及解析1. ________ to the hot weather here was more difficult than I had expected.A．Adjusting B．AdoptingC．Relating D．Using【答案】A【解析】A[动名词短语作主语。
句意：适应这里的炎热气候比我想象的难得多。
]2. She was so ________ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door. A．attracted B．absorbedC．drawn D．concentrated【答案】B【解析】B[句意：她太专注于工作了，以至于没有听到有人在敲门。
注意这几个选项构成的易混淆的短语：be attracted by被……吸引；be drawn to被吸引到……上来；be concentrated on 集中精力于；be absorbed in全神贯注于。
]3. They are organizing a program to ________people's attention to protecting wild animals. A．give B．pay C．draw D．have【答案】C【解析】C[根据语境，组织活动目的是吸引人们视线，保护野生动物。
因此选C。
]4. Going into a supermarket without a clear list, you might picking up what you wouldn't necessarily want．A．give up B．take up C．make up D．end up【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。
A．give up放弃；B．take up占用；C．make up 组成；D．end up结束；句意：去超市没有拿清单，你可能就会拿着不需要的东西。
专题09完形填空2022年新高考I卷My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____50_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____.Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____54_____, wondering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next.41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51.A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
五年高考2013最新命题题库大全2009-2013高考英语试题分类解析动词与动词短语1.【2013陕西】25. My uncle hasn’t been able to smoking, but at least he has______.A. cut outB. cut downC. cut upD. cut off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。
cut down削减，减少。
句意为：我叔叔还未能戒烟，但至少他已经少抽了。
cut out切断；删去；cut up切碎，砍伤；cut off切断。
2.【2013辽宁32】Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.A. get awayB. take overC. set offD. run out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。
句意：当Mitchell退职的时候Briggs会接任作总经理。
take over 接手，接管。
【语言学习】get away逃离，脱身；set off动身，启程；run out用完，用尽。
1. She didn't get away until nine last night. 昨晚九点她才离开。
2. If you set off in the wrong direction, everything else will be wrong. 如果出发点错误，则其它的一切都不必谈了。
3. You'd better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。
3.【2013福建28】Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.A. turn downB. turn outC. break downD. break out【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
break down出故障，分解。
turn down调小，拒绝；turn out结果证明……；break out爆发。
句意：当发生灾难无线网络无法用的时候，老式的电话就有作用了。
【语言学习】与turn, break相关的动词词组1. “turn on”打开，使高兴、兴奋；“turn off”关上电视、收音机、自来水等，扫某人兴致；“turn over”打翻，移交（turn over to）；“turn to”向某人寻求帮助；“turn down”拒绝，将电视、收音机、自来水等的开关扭小些；“turn away”拒绝进入某地；“turn out”结果是，证明为；“turn up”出现，出席，到达，将电视、收音机、自来水等的开关扭大些。
Some girls turn on easily. This music really turns me off.2. “break down”机器出故障，谈判破裂，身体或精神衰弱，分解句子或化学成分等；“break out”战争，疾病，暴乱等突然发生；“break up”瓦解，分散人群，关系的破裂等；“break in”强行进入，打断谈话等；“break though”突破，克服；“break away from”脱离；“break into”闯入建筑物，突然发出（大笑）等；“break with”与…断交。
4.【2013福建24】Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _______ spending quite a lot of time with students.A. enjoysB. involvesC. practicesD. suggests【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
involve需要，包含，包括。
句意：米歇尔找到一份做高中教师的工作，需花很多时间与学生在一起。
【语言学习】involve1. 牵涉，牵连，使卷入；使陷入(麻烦、困境等)to be involved in a scandal卷入丑闻to be involved in the trouble陷入麻烦2. 使参与；使参加to involve employees in the management使职员参与管理3. 包含，含有，包括This project involves much difficulty.这一项目有许多困难。
4. 需要；必需a project which involves years of work一项需要若干年工作的工程5. 使专心于；使忙于；使从事于to be involved in research忙于研究5.【2013湖北】23. While intelligent people can often _______ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.A. sacrificeB. substituteC. simplifyD. survive【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
simplify简化，使简易。
句意：聪明人常会让复杂的问题简单化，而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西弄得更复杂。
6.【2013湖北】24. According to the law, all foreigners have to _______ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.A. associateB. disputeC. negotiateD. register【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
register登记，注册，记录。
句意：按照法律规定，所有外来人员一定要在到达两周后向当地警察登记。
7.【2013湖北】25. Butterflies _______ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.A. carry onB. feed onC. put onD. focus on【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
feed on以……为食；以……为能源发。
carry on继续，从事；put on穿上，上演；focus on集中注意力于……。
句意：蝴蝶以花朵产生的甜蜜液体为食,这也是蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集的东西。
以on为核心的常见动词短语：come on来吧!(提醒、催促)；depend on取决于、视…而定，依靠、依赖，信赖、相信；get on上车；go on继续；hold on坚持住，握住不放，(打电话时)不挂断、等—会；keep on继续进行，反复地做；rely on依靠, 信赖，依赖；look on旁观，观看；put on穿上，戴上，上演，增加(体重)；take on承担，从事；turn on接通，打开。
drop in on非正式访问(顺便来访)某人Be sure to drop in on me when you can spare a moment.等你抽得出时间时别忘了顺便来看看我。
8.【2013湖北】26. In much of the animal world, night is the time _______ for sleep—pure and simple.A. set asideB. set downC. set offD. set up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
set aside搁置，留出。
句意：在大多数动物的世界里，夜晚是留下来用以睡眠的时间。
【语言学习】set相关短语1. set up竖起，建起，安装，设立，开办，建立(组织)等；2. set about doing开始；3. set out to do & on sth 动身，出发/开始，着手做某事；4. set off动身，出发/ 引爆（地雷、烟花）等；5. set sail 扬帆起航6. set free释放7. set foot in进入到某地8. set fire to放火烧9. set aside存蓄10. set an example to树立榜样11. be set in故事发生在；以……为背景9.【2013浙江17】Bears _______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.A. pack upB. build upC. bring upD. take up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语。
build up积聚，逐渐增加；增强。
句意：熊在夏季逐渐增加其脂肪的储存。
pack up打包；bring up养育，呕吐；take up占，开始从事。
【拓展】以up为核心的常见动词短语bring up养育，提出；come up走近，被提出；get up起床，起立；go up上升，上涨，增长；hold up举起，耽搁，阻挡；keep up保持，(使)继续下去；look up抬头看，查找；make up 构成，弥补，虚构，化妆；pick up偶然地学得、获得，拾起，捡起，收听到，用车搭载人，恢复健康、体力、精神，加速，染上坏习惯等；put up投宿，张贴，建造，搭起；send up 发射；set up竖立，架起，建造；take up占据，开始从事；turn up开大，出现。
10.【2013浙江12】A good listener takes part in the conversation, _______ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.A. realizingB. copyingC. offeringD. misunderstanding【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
offer主动提供。
句意：好的听者会参与谈话中，提供观点和提出问题以保持谈话的顺利进行。
realize意识到；copy抄写，复制；misunderstand误解。
【语言学习】take part in参加We still decided to take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 我们仍然决定参加一个重要的横跨大西洋的比赛。
11.【2013浙江9】When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to _______ it with important points.A. concludeB. leadC. avoidD. hold【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
