阅读理解专项训练(讲义及答案)及答案
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五年级阅读训练专题二记事类文章阅读阅读方法指南记事类文章,就是把一件事或几件事有条理地用文字叙述出来,让更多的人去重新感受这些事情,从中明白一个道理,受到一种精神的鼓舞或思想的教育。
阅读记事类文章,要注意以下几个方面:一、把握叙述的“六个要素”。
记事离不开人物、时间、地点与事情的起因,经过、结果这六个要素。
我们在开始阅读这类文章时,就要初步了解这件事发生在什么时间、什么地点,涉及哪些人物,主要人物是谁。
事情是怎样发生的,又是怎样发展的。
进入高潮时的情况怎样,事情结果如何。
如果找到这些答案,我们就会很快感知文章的内容,为进一步阅读打好基础。
二、理清叙述的线索,留意记叙的顺序。
线索是记事文章的脉络,起着贯穿全文的作用。
一篇记事文,无论篇幅长短,总有一条贯穿文章始终的线索。
在阅读时我们把握了线索,就等于把握了文章叙事的条理,进而一步一步去领悟作者写这件事所要表达的中心主题,还能从中学到作者选择材料、组织材料的方法。
记叙的顺序主要有顺叙、倒叙、插叙,这些记叙的顺序形式都是根据中心思想的需要而灵活使用的。
如倒叙会引起读者的阅读兴趣,插叙会对情节起到补充的作用。
三、抓住文章重点,注意综合表达方法。
按事情发展的顺序写的文章,是要根据事情的特点,抓住重点来写的。
我们阅读时,就要搞清楚,这件事具有哪些特点,又是抓住哪些重点,怎样抓住重点来写的。
另外,记事文章长于运用综合表达,以记叙为主,夹杂议论和抒情。
在运用议论时,是把所记叙事件本身包含的深刻意义揭示出来,要言不烦,画龙点睛,以加深读者的理解。
在运用抒情时,有时是根据所记叙的事件抒发自己的感受;有时是作者把自己的感情透在字里行间,情随事发,使事、理、情熔为一炉。
阅读时要注意体会和学习。
四、注意事物之间的相互联系。
事物都是互相联系的,事情也都是在事物之间的联系和变化中发生、发展、结束的。
阅读时,抓住了事物之间的联系,就能帮助你理清文章的脉络,加深对文章思想内容的理解。
①A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeyb(蜂巢)seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers(觅食者)who live near them.②This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. "That's the signal to the Hadza to really start searching, "says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk.③It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.④This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honeyhunting. "This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there's a learning process involved, " says Wood.⑤But how do the birds learn? It's still unclear. What is clear is that this humananimal munication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeyb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds.【素材来源:广东省汕头市2024届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题】28. What does the underlined word "conspicuous" in Para. 2 mean?A. Eyecatching.B. Carefree.C. Naughty.D. Attractive.29. What can we know about the birds?A. They are raised by humans.B. They help cut open the tree trunk.C. They feed on honey as their annual diet.D. They can distinguish different whistles.30. Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering?A.A plex dilemma.B.An unfair trade.C.A doubleedged sword.D. A winwin cooperation.31. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. The familiar signal in the forest.B. A talented expert in hunting the bees.C. A wonderful guide to collecting honey.D. The humananimal munication in Tanzania.【五步法精析】串联题干28.What does the underlined word "conspicuous" in Para. 2 mean?29.What can we know about the birds?30.Which of the following can best describe the honey gathering?31.Which can be a suitable title for the text?归纳主题词:the birds,honey gathering28. What does the underlined word "conspicuous" in Para. 2 mean?第二段中划线的“conspicuous”是什么意思?A. Eyecatching. 引人注目的B. Carefree. 无忧无虑的C. Naughty. 顽皮的D. Attractive.吸引人的领域词同义替换:special=eyecatching 特别的=conspicuous②This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. 这种鸟类比人类更了解蜜蜂在做什么。
专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)目录考点阅读理解之细节理解题------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页【真题研析·规律探寻】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向1 考查直接信息题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页考向2 考查间接信息题--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页考向3 考查数字计算题----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页【核心提炼·考向探究】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页1.命题规律--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页2.细节题的设题方式-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页3.常用的解题方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页4.阅读理解之细节理解题的解题关键-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页5.细节理解题的实用技巧---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页【题型特训·命题预测】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向1 考查直接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页预测考向2 考查间接信息题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页预测考向3 考查数字计算题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17页考点 阅读理解之细节理解题考情分析:分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解细节理解题考向分布。
阅读理解专题讲解——专题二提取信息阅读技巧一、阅读技巧❖一般指代词(在原文中能够找出的答案)一般指代词就是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。
如:小明学习非常刻苦,这是大家都看得见的。
“这”是指示代词。
常见的近指代词“这/这些”;远指代词“那/那些”;程度指示代词“这么/那么”,“这样/那样”。
基本原则是指代文中出现的名词或事件,只要指示代词出现,那么就一定能在文中找到它所指代的对象。
❖一般答题技巧:①定∶文中定位②搜:先前在后③代入:代入符合文意二、阅读训练(一)1.尽管国际上对此存在很多争议,意大利文化部门还是决定用蒸馏水清洗米开朗基罗的旷世杰作——《大卫》雕像。
这项工程的目的之一是除去这座高达4.5米的雕像上的尘土和油污。
佛罗伦萨博物馆的负责人说:“这项工程并不是为了让雕像变得更好看。
”意大利文化部长已经排除了干洗的可能性。
“国际上对此存在很多争议”的“此”指的是( )A.《大卫》雕像是米开朗基罗的旷世杰作B.这项工程是为了让雕像变得更好看C.决定用蒸馏水清洗《大卫》雕像D.要除去这座高达4 .5米的雕像上的尘土和油污【参考答案】C(二)雨中的树林雨中的树林是个童话世界,走进去你就会变成一个小精灵。
每棵树都会送给你很多喜悦,你还会发现很多新奇的事情。
晶莹的雨珠滚动在叶面上,蜘蛛吐丝给你穿一串项链。
落花铺成的地毯又软又香,还有青蛙击鼓跳舞为你表演。
1.文中写了雨中的树林里的、、落花和。
2.文中最后一句话把落花比作地毯,说明;把青蛙当成人来写,写出了青蛙的。
3.文中的“童话世界”指的是。
4.你喜欢雨中的树林吗?为什么?【参考答案】1.雨珠、蜘蛛、青蛙。
2.落花很多、很软;欢快。
3.雨中的树林4.喜欢,因为雨中的树林里有很多新奇的事情,每棵树都给人很多喜悦。
(言之成理即可)(三)狮子和狐狸①狮子老了,已经无力捕捉野兽,于是它想靠狡猾的诡计来混日子:它钻进一个山洞里,躺着装起病来。
许多野兽到洞里来探望它,它就把野兽都吃掉。
教学内容:绘景文章阅读课前小测:诗中的秋①秋天在诗人的眼里是一个五彩缤纷的季节,它充满了欢喜,充满了悲伤。
但它有动听的秋声,迷人的秋色,凉爽的秋风,但更多的是诗人思念家乡的感情。
②“未觉池塘春草梦,阶前梧叶已秋声。
”不知不觉初秋已经来到我们的身旁。
梧桐叶慢慢变成浅黄色,这一切多么引人注意。
③秋天,比春天更富有欣欣向荣的景象。
秋天,比春天更富有灿烂绚丽的色彩!正和诗中所说:“雨侵坏瓷新苔绿,秋入横林数叶红。
”秋天的田野,到处充满丰收的欢乐。
金黄色的谷子刚收割不久,高粱又熟得火红一片,真是“一年好景君须记,最是橙黄橘绿是时。
”④“一层秋雨一层凉。
”中秋过后,晚上凉意渐渐浓厚,真是“秋风杂秋雨,夜凉添几许。
飕飕不绝声,落叶悠悠舞。
”⑤诗人也常常借助“秋”来抒发感情,比如马致远的《天净沙·秋思》:“枯腾老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马。
夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯。
”诗人借助旅途中的秋天傍晚的景物,烘托出一个萧瑟苍凉的意境,并以小桥流水人家的幽静气氛反衬出沦落天涯者的彷徨愁苦,道出了多少天涯游子的酸楚啊!⑥诗中的秋让我陶醉,让我冥想……1.联系上下文理解词语。
五彩缤纷:颜色繁多,色彩绚丽。
欣欣向荣:形容草木茂盛或事业蓬勃发展。
2.将短文用“‖”分为三段。
①‖②③④⑤‖⑥3.短文第二部分段是围绕哪一句话来写的?请在文中用“——”将其画出来。
它有动听的歌声……思念家乡的感情。
4.除了短文中的句子,与“秋”有关的诗句我还能够写出一些。
写秋声的:无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。
写秋色的:停车坐爱枫林晚,霜叶红于二月花。
写秋思的:举头望明月,低头思故乡。
教学目标:1、把握绘景文章阅读的基本要领及步骤。
2、掌握绘景文章阅读典型题的解题思路及方法。
教学步骤:一、阅读方法绘景类文章以描写地理环境、山川风貌、名胜古迹为中心。
阅读时可掌握两种情形:其一,通篇都是写景物(或主要写景物)这类文章客观反映某一景物的状态、特点。
部编版小升初语文现代文阅读衔接讲义(七)(有答案解析)【考点解读】题目的含义或作用:★格式(含义):表层含义(文章里的实际事物所指)+深层含义(结合文章中心)+(是全文的线索)。
★格式(作用):⑴以“……”为题,引起读者阅读兴趣;⑵它是全文的线索;⑶它表现了文章……的主题。
【例题精析】例:阅读下面的文字,回答问题①朋友姓骆,叫其父为骆父吧。
骆父瘦,腿长,更显瘦,杆子似的。
②骆父不爱说话,爱运动,日日带着干粮上路,奔波在漫山遍野,把力气和脂肪全通过汗水洒在路上。
③骆父年轻时在石灰厂做工,双肺吸足尘灰,年纪轻轻便落下慢性支气管炎,未及中年,已同老人一样虚弱,气力不足。
生产队劳动,评工分,别人十分,他要打八折,因为身子虚弱嘛。
都以为他寿数长不了,老早就病怏怏的,一副阎罗王随时要叫走的样子。
他却一路蹒跚,踉踉跄跄,挺到八十四,全村人当稀奇事讲,编织出各种故事。
④故事的配角是朋友,讲他手眼通天,花钱收买了阎王爷。
在乡下,阳世阴府是打通的,有钱能使鬼推磨。
⑤朋友实是普通人,理工男,嘴笨性平,通人的功夫都不及格,谈何通天?只是做事钻,下海早,挣到了钱。
⑥朋友就是在合适的时间做了合适的事,摇身变为一个做八辈子梦都想不到的大款。
他却从不款待自己,生活节俭,不嫖不賭,不抽不喝,不养小三,不慕虚荣,不贪享受,不显山露水,甘于平常,标准的五好男人。
他唯一款待的是病父,细心地呵护着,真不愧是大孝子!⑦骆父持之以恒,不论严寒酷暑,只要出得了门,绝不待在家里。
他从不懈怠,也得到好报。
生命在于运动,骆父是顶好的例子。
但病肺终归不饶他,不时向他报警,2016年,他终因肺衰竭撒手人寰。
⑧医生说老人家的肺像老透的丝瓜瓤,只剩网状的筋络,凭这样一对肺却能活到这个年纪,是奇迹。
奇迹是儿子的孝心和父亲的双脚联袂创造的。
⑨骆父还创下另一个奇迹。
⑩整理遗物时,朋友发现父亲房间里,那张他小时候曾做过作业的小书桌,有一只抽屉牢牢锁着:一把明锁,一把暗锁,双保险。
四年级阅读训练专题三写景类文章阅读阅读方法指南以描述地理环境、山川风貌、名胜占迹为中心,给人以美的享受,这便是我们所说的写景类文章。
写景的文章一般有三类:一是游记,写的是在游览过程中所见的景物;二是描写生活中见到的自然景象;是写人们生活处所周围的景色。
在答题时,我们要注意抓住以下几个要点:一、明确描写的顺序。
阅读写景类文章时,要分析它是按什么顺序来写景的。
一般来说,描写的对象是固定的,作者常常采取这样以下四种顺序:1.按观察的先后顺序写。
这类文章一般是以参观游览的行进顺序移步换景,落笔写景,条理清楚。
2.按时间推移的顺序来写。
随着时间的变化,描写的景物也依次出现不同的变化。
有的依据白天、黑夜或清晨、上午、中午、下午、傍晚、深夜的先后顺序来写,也有的按春、夏、秋、冬季节变换顺序来写。
3.按空间顺序来写。
如从上到下或从下到上,从左到右或从右到左,从远到近或从近到远,从四周到中间或从中间到四周等。
4.按景物的不同类别来写。
二、抓住文章的中心部分。
抓住文章的中心部分是答题的关键所在,把握与景类文章中心的方法主要有以下三种:1.通过分析文章中的有关画面,结合作者的内心感受,把握作者的思想感情。
2.分析文章中关键性句子和段落,特别是首尾段,从中理解作者的写作意图。
3.抓住文中议论、抒情的语句,从中体会作者的思想感情。
三、抓住有修辞手法的句子。
在答题时,常出现找修辞手法、仿写句子、缩写句子等形式的题目,这些都是建立在我们准确理解句子意思和修辞手法的基础上的,所以我们在平时要加强这方面的训练,另外也要养成勤思考的习惯。
典型例题讲解阅读下文,回答问题。
西湖的绿(节选)①西湖胜景很多,各处有不同的好处,即使一个绿色,也各有不同。
黄龙洞绿得幽,屏风山绿得野,九溪十八涧绿得闲,不能一一去说。
②漫步苏堤,两边都是湖水,远水如烟,近水着了微雨,泛起一层银灰的颜色。
走着走着,忽见路旁的树十分古怪,一棵棵树身虽然离得较远,却给人一种莽莽苍苍的感觉,似乎是从树梢一直绿到了地下。
学科教师辅导讲义 阅读理解There are four seasons in a year. Spring begins first. Summer is the second. Then it’s fall. Winter is the last season in a year. In China, the weather is not the same in winter. In Beijing, it’s very cold. It often snows. People can play with snow and they must put on the coat. But in Hainan it’s not cold. It’s very warm. People there can go to swim in the sea.( )1、What’s the weather like in winter in Hainan?A. It’s very cold.B. It’s not cold.C. It’s not cool.( )2、How many seasons are there in a year?A. four.B. five.C. Twelve.( )3、What’s the third season in a year?A. Spring.B. Fall.C. Summer.( )4、Can people see the snow in winter in Beijing?A. Yes, they can.B. No, they can’t.C. No, they can.( )5、Can people make a snowman in winter in Hainan?A. Yes, they can’t.B. No, they can’t.C. Yes, they can.答案:B A B A C知识点1:词汇体系搭建前情回顾fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,works(工厂),means手段,Swiss瑞士人,Chinese中国人②有些名词只有复数形式:trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤glasses眼镜,compasses圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子③“某国人”的复数有三种类型:(1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把man 变为men;(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。
阅读理解专项训练(讲义及答案)及答案一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1.阅读理解I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old, I learned how to make a coin disappear. I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells (魔法) — nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but young enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand (戏法) technique, and I devoted the next months to practice. Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a trick — a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound of the coin falling again and again.I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared. The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.(1)What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?A. To kill his time.B. To find a book of magic. C To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.(2)What does the underlined word "eradicate" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Get rid of.B. Give out.C. Imitate.D. Distinguish.(3)What contributed to the author's success?A. His mother's help.B. The secret of quick moves.C. The inspiration from his father.D. His repeated hard practice.(4)How would the author feel about the result of his performance on the playground?A. It's fantastic.B. It's funny.C. It's awkward.D. It's disappointing.【答案】(1)B(2)A(3)C(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者变成魔术师是偶然的,并且具体讲述了自己九岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked c oming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells ”我读过《魔戒》,并且冒险进入图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书,可知,作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。
原文中使用了不定式表达目的。
故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历,他每天要在镜子前练1000遍左右,那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。
所以划线单词所在句子句意应为:两周后,妈妈从店里买了一块地毯,把它放在镜子下面,以掩盖硬币一次又一次落下的声音。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice — slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (错觉) in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a miracle.”可知,作者是在父亲练习钢琴的经历的启发下,领悟到了练习的真谛,最终取得了成功。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.”,可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后,其他同学欢呼、大小并且都不知道是如何做到的,每个人都很疯狂。
作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一盘故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解The idea that computers have some amount of "intelligence" is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when computer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. "So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality," says Haupter.It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you'll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers."Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for." ---Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA. "Thanks to AI, the face will be the new credit card, the new driver's license and the new barcode (条形码). Facial recognition is already completely transforming security with biometric capabilities being adopted, and seeing how technology and business are connected, like Amazon is with Whole Foods, I can see a near future where people will no longer need to stand in line at the store." ---Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory."2019 will be the year AI becomes real for medicine. By the end of the year we're seeing solutions for population health, hospital operations and a broad set of clinical specialties quickly follow behind." ---Mark Michalski, executive director, Massachusetts General Hospital.(1)What can we know about AI from the first two paragraphs?A. People didn't expect AI to develop so rapidly.B. The idea of AI just came up recently.C. The concept of AI was put forward by Ralph Haupter.D. It took more than 70 years to turn the concept into reality.(2)Who sees the future of AI doing housework instead of human being?A. Alan Turing.B. Georges Nahon.C. Mark Michalski.D. Alejandro Troccoli.(3)What is Georges Nahon's job?A. Executive director of a hospital.B. President of a research laboratory.C. Chairman of an energy corporation.D. Chief operating officer of a newspaper.(4)How is the passage developed?A. By explaining cause and effect.B. By presenting research results.C. By listing some predictions.D. By describing personal experiences.【答案】(1)A(2)D(3)B(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过Alecjandro Troccoli,Georges Nahon以及Mark Michalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。