Lecture 1 The Nature of Translation

the Definition of Translationቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Translation may be defined as follows: The replacement of textural material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language. (TL). (Catford, British translation theorist ) 将一种语言的话语材料替换成等值的另一种 语言的话语材料。
(4) After the May Fourth New Literary Movement to Now
There appeared a lot of famous translators in China today, such as: 傅雷：以翻译法国文学作品享誉译坛，代表作《高 傅雷 老头》 杨宪益：《红楼梦》英译本 （David Hawks） 杨宪益 朱生豪：译文以传神典雅见长，主要代表作是《莎 朱生豪 士比亚的戏剧》 许渊冲：诗歌翻译，《唐诗三百首》 许渊冲 王佐良：培根《论读书》 王佐良
翻译绪论
教师：张红娟
Lecture 1
the Translation History in China
Introduction
Translation in China has a long history of about two thousand years. During the centuries, quite a number of world-famous translators in China appeared one after another and they made great contributions to China as well as to the world in the development of translation. This can be seen from the following facts.

3) In terms of the media by which translation is done: oral, written and machine 从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译(written interlingual translation) 和机器翻译 (machine translation)； 4) In terms of the subject matter: 从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译(translation of English for science and technology)、文学翻译(literary translation)和一般性翻译(practical writing translation)； 5）In terms of the manner: 从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、 摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）。

E-C and C-E Translation Basics

英汉-汉英翻译基础


Lecture 1

Introduction to Translation
I. What is Translation?

1. A story of translation in Bible Long long ago, all the people speak the same language . When they transferred to the east, they found a plain and then lived there. They decided to build a tall tower, so that it can stretch to the heaven and they can live in the heaven. When Jesus saw this, he was afraid that if all the people speak the same language, they can do everything they want. So Jusus went down from the heaven and confused their languages so they couldn’t communicate with each other and they didn’t finish the Bable Tower. Since then, people lived in different places and spoke different languages. Hence comes the translation.

Nature of Translation
17 September, 2012
Nature of Translation
• • • • • 1. Essence of Translation 2. How Translation Occurs 3. Two Aspects 4. Literal Translation vs. Free Translation 5. Translator’s Roles in Translation
How Translation Occurs
• No one-to-one correspondence between languages • All translation, by its very nature, is paraphrastic and interpretive • Differences in wording due to numerous factors • Three questions in relation to word meaning • The presence of ambiguity BACK
• Their arguments are, roughly, three. First, that the machine is by its nature a mass producer, and that objects made in ones and twos can be made better, even cheaper, by an individual craftsman than by a machine; secondly, that the human hand with relatively simple tools can produce objects of a quality permanently beyond the reach of the machine; thirdly, that it is not good for mankind if people lose the ability to create with their hands.

第1页课题Lecture 1 Introduction to translation andBusiness English translation授课时数2授课类型Lecture教学目的1.To let students know some basic knowledge of translation;2.To have a good command of feature of business English and criteria of itstranslation;教学重点1.Six features of business English;2.translation criteria of business English: faithfulness, idiomaticness andconsistency;教学难点Idiomaticness的准确含义；主要︵知识︶语言点1.You-attitude;2.Consideration;3.Idiomaticness,;4.Faithfulness;5.Consistency教学过程︵学时分配︶Period 1Step 1 IntroductionI. Objectives1.To translate business information and materials from English into Chineseand vice versa;2.To grasp translation skills focusing on business information;3.To emphasize the translation of business letters, advertising and contractsand so on.Ⅱ. Course Requirements1.Attendance;2.Written Assignments;3.In-class ExercisesⅢ. Summary of GradingAttendance 10 %Written Assignments: 20 %In-class Exercises: 10 %Final Written Examination 60 %Total: 100%Grading Procedure1．Attendance: You can lose points for things like being late often, notanswering questions, not working well with a group, or sleeping in class.附记或教学说明第2页教学过程︵学时分配︶2．Homework and class work: you may have a homework assignment to turn in, class activity to do.3．Final Exam：Your favorite part of the course! The final exam is a big part of your total grade. Don’t worry! I’m not here to make you suffer!We are on the same team! Let’s work together!I don’t expect you to like every part of the course, but I expect you to doyour best in the c ourse. It’s my job as a teacher to provide a goodlearning atmosphere. There are some times when we will have to spendextra time to translate in class, because this is a translating class.Ⅳ. Rules-Turn off cell phones.- Respect each other.- Do not cheat.Step 2 PresentationⅠBasic knowledge about translation1. Definition of Translationa. a linguistic activity to produce the meaning and style of the source textin another language;b. a trans-cultural communicative activity;Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (E. A. Nida)(翻译就是译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文格。