考研英语翻译讲座第2讲

2021年考研《英语二》翻译答案【原文题目】My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!【参考译文】我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。

处理：跳读，再把插入语放到句首翻译。
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语 中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 （4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 （5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式

考研英语（二）长难句讲解lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth.【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。

其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。

”2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。

3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。

第一部分考研翻译评分标准、英语试卷评分执行细则一、英译汉评分标准说明1．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5 分。

2．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。

3．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。

在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分。

示例：2001年英译汉评分标准各句的分数段划分及实例如下：71．There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, /(1)1分and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them /when they offend(2)1分（3）1分答案：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超例1．将有由机器人主持的电视闲谈节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。

当汽车违反污染控制时；污染控制器将使汽车无法运转。

（3分）例2．将会有机器人主持的电视聊天节目产生，并且有带有污染监控器的汽车。

在汽车违反规章时就会不能前进。

（2分）例3．将会出现被机器人控制的电视聊天节目，以及带有污染监控器的汽车在破坏环境时，使司机不能工作。

（1分）72．Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,(1)1分computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,(2)1分relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.(3)1分答案：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，整句示例：例1．孩子们将会与装有个生化集成电路片的玩偶玩耍，内装个性的电脑将被认为是工作同伴而不是工具，消遣将会在释放气味的电视机前进行，那就是说数字化时代就已到来。

2010-2015年考研英语二翻译参考Deng Lan2015年1）Think about driving a route // that’s very familiar. // It could be your commute to work, // a trip into town or // the way home.// Whichever it is, // you know every twist and turn //like the back of your hand.想象一下，你正开车行驶/驰骋在一条你非常熟悉的路线上，可能是你上班或进城或回家的道路。

无论是哪条路，你都熟悉到对他的每个迂回拐弯处都了如指掌。

（增译/尽量简洁/意译）On these sorts of trips //it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving // and pay little attention // to the passing scenery.行驶在这类道路上，你的注意力很容易分散，极少会留心沿途的风景。

（按照汉语习惯进行意译）The consequence //is that you perceive // that the trip has taken less time //than it actually has.结果，你感觉到这趟旅程所花费的时间比它实际的时间要短。

2）This is the well-travelled road effect: // people tend to underestimate the time //it takes to travel a familiar route.这就是在常开的道路上开车所产生的效果：人们倾向于低估在熟悉的道路上开车的时间。

3）The effect is caused //by the way we allocate our attention. //我们注意力的分配方式导致了这种效应。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often consideredto be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage b ody fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章,主要讲述了 G. I。

Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。

二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。

空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是 who（指代 men and women),动作发生的地点是 in World War II；空后的句子“the people they liberated”中 they也指代 men and women，他们有 liberate的动作，由此推断“the men and women"指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。

只有 serve 有“服兵役”的意思，所以选 B。

A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演”；C 项 rebel 意为“造反,反抗”；D 项 betray 意为"背叛，出卖”，皆不符合文意,为干扰项.2．【答案】B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与 hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄,所以选 B.A 项 actual 意为“实际上，事实上的”；C 项 special 意为“特殊的，专门的”；D 项 normal 意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。

3．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是 who（the guy)，宾语是 all the burdens of battle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词 bear 或 shoulder,所以这里选 A，bore.B 项 ease 意为“减轻,缓和”；C 项 remove 意为“移除,去掉”；D 项 load 意为“负重,装货”. 4．【答案】A【解析】空格处所缺词在含义上与下文的信息 food 和 shelter（食物和遮蔽物）一致，对于战场上的士兵而言，这些就是维持生存最起码的条件，故 A 选项 necessities “生活必需品”为正确答案.B 项 facilities 意为“设备设施”；C 项 commodities 意为“商品,货物”；D 项 properties 意为“财产，资产”;均不符合题意.5．【答案】C【解析】空格之前的部分“This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid.。

单词记忆的规律（2）
辅音双写需拆分 开头有辅音双写 a+辅音字母双写： a+第一个辅音字母，表“加强语气”，可以去掉； 元音常常是多余可以随便去掉的\更换的音； e+辅音字母双写： e+第一个辅音字母 前缀--- 表方向 i+辅音字母双写： i+第一个辅音字母 前缀 表否定\在……里 结尾处有辅音双写 鸡屎词：exit 出口 词缀：ex-=es- 向外……， -it 走
第一讲 基本原则
词根\词缀+词源+谐音+联想
------ 刘一男单词记忆法
前缀：看能总结出几点造词的规律…… 周杰伦 tone bole bone 上 snake vote your veto fire abolish
卖 tune
our 下 soar carve
what about paronym /antonym /synonym ？
词汇障碍： e.g. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments …… 注释： school （ph.） primary school ，Junior\Senior high school the university medical\ law school， the School of Dentistry\Language （gus.）children of school age，school days，school bus，school leaver school report，school board， schoolbook， schoolfellow，schoolmaster， a modern school of political thought

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。

首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。

第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。

第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。

第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。

二、试题解析1.【答案】 D【解析】上文提到“，was declared a global epidemic,”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选 D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是 C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2．【答案】 C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。

本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。

根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。

而 C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在,,之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。

而 A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。

3．【答案】 B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain,对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应 a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。

2024年考研英语二翻译试题及答案业务课名称：政治考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。

2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。

本文主要为大家提供考研英语二翻译试题下载。

具体内容如下：With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area'sagricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where-and to who- their money is going.空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴（3分）。

考研英语二翻译题技巧考研英语二翻译题技巧英语和汉语是两种截然不同的语言，语法结构和逻辑思维习惯都不太一样，同学们需要分析句子的语法和逻辑结构。

找到句子主干和修饰语，弄清修饰语与主干是什么修饰关系。

最后，根据单词和逻辑关系，重新组合成汉语译文。

接下来告诉你英语二翻译题技巧。

一.增译法指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。

因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。

因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。

英语句子离不开介词和冠词。

另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。

总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。

二.省译法这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。

增译法的例句反之即可。

三.转换法指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。

在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。

考研英语翻译—词法翻译讲义名词性从句一、主语从句（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。

What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。

Whatever is worth doing should be done well. 任何值得做的事情都应该做好。

Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他来不来都没有关系。

When we can begin the expedition is still a question. 我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。

How he is going to do it is a mystery. 他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。

（二）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。

为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。

It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not..他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。

（It没有翻译）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。

（It翻译为“这”）有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。

在汉语译文的开始，一般可以用“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is consideredobese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity own hospital system has bannedsugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

考研《英语二》翻译答案（文都版）【原文题目】My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!【参考译文】我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。

作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。

二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。

鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。

A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。

B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。

空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。

A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。

否定的陷阱
2. cannot...too（怎么……也不）
这次战役的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。 The importance of this campaign cannot be overestimated.
3. all/every...not（并非……都）
发光的并不一定都是金子。 All that glitters is not gold.
7. I am wiser than to believe such stories.
我还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。
8. You know better than (to do) that. 很懂得（而不至于）；明白事理而不至于…
9. A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.
2) Gates didn’t drop out because he wanted to avoid work but to start his company.
盖茨辍学不是想逃避学业, 而是为了开办自己的公司。 Don’t be afraid of others, because they are bigger than you. ？？
• It seems that human beings are inherently social animals.
I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.

第一节：词的翻译一、熟词僻义1. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect theatmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. （2005T2)2.Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.3.All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.二、名词变动词4.When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.5.The decision of the New York Phiharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.6.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.7.These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing.8.Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heros are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars.9.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children. 10.And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.三、左邻右舍”原则11.“Sustainability”has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning.12.When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world.13.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.14.The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution.15.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer.16.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.17.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues.18.He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil.19.Home prices are holding steady in the most regions. In Manhattan, there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses.20.Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.21.Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets —they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.22.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.23. It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.24.Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behindthe scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters.25.These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.26.When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company."27.In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that "social epidemics" are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.28.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore.29.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.30. Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.31.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.32.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr.de Waal's study.四、增词补白33. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stockmarket fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive theirretirement money.第二节定语的翻译34.In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the incresingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.35.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.36.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.37.People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere."38.Even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet andback continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.39.This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, (when prices quadrupled), and 1979-80, (when they also almost tripled).40.Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.41.For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.42.That's a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.43.A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustration, and religious hope- all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible.第三节状语的翻译44.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient.45.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.46.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.47.Poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. 48.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.49.In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit 【in their abilities to memorize】, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information.50.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, 【progressing toward happier ones before awakening】, 【suggesting that they are working through negative feelings （generated during the day）】.51.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, 【causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals {than do males under the sameconditions】}.52.The decision （to quit a senior position）【to look for a better one】is unconventional.53.More recently, 【while examing housing construction】, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards 【despite the complexity of the building industry's work】.54.【While still catching up to men in some spheres of mdern life】, women appear to be way ahead 【in at least one undesirable category】.第四节IT形式主语/宾语55. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most attractive clients.56. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.57. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability 【in his own life】made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed 【through everyday action and choice】.58. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, （which might indicate the danger of fire）.第五节被动语态59. The relationship （between formal education and economic growth in poor countries）is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.60. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.61. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.62. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.63. Dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.第六节并列结构64. For new machines or techniques are not merely a product, but a source （of fresh creative idea）.65. It would be foolish not to try to understand what is passing in other people's minds, and what are the springs of action（to which they are responded）. 66. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of theway? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.第七节数字/比较67. In 1998, immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.68. In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association （listed at over seven feet）. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.69. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.70. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.71. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.第八节否定词的翻译72.He is the last man to do it.73.The problem is above me.74.The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.75.Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.76.Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.77.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.78.If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately.79.Just because I don't complain, you mustn't suppose that I am satisfied.80.Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china".。