题目构成：
?10道英语专业知识单选题，分值均分到三块：
1）英语国家概况，主要包括政治、历史、地理等内容；
2）英美文学常识：主要考察对代表作家及其代表作的掌握，文学阶段特征、时期划分等；
3）语言学基础：要求掌握Chomsky等语言学家及其主要理论；语言学常用概念，如semantics, syntax等。
例题1：
The capital of Australia is
A. Sydney.
B Melbourne.
C. Canberra.
D. Perth.
例题2：
John Galsworthy was most famous for
A. Heart of Darkness.
B. Ulysses.
C. The Forsyte Saga.
D. A Passage to India.
例题3：
The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is
A. morphology.
B. general linguistics.
C. phonology.
D. semantics.
分块知识梳理
?英国文学
?美国文学
?语言学要点
?英语国家概况
1. 英国文学
I. Medieval Literature （5th century-1485）
1. Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》: national epic in old English；oldest surviving epic in the English language
2.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》: stories about King Arthur and his knights of the round table
3.Geoffrey Chaucer:father of English poetry; the first one to use middle English;
--The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》(London dialect, iambic parameter, the heroic couplet)
II. The Age of Renaissance (Late 15th century - Early 17th century) Renaissance: an intellectual movement. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features: 1) a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature;
2) the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
1. Thomas More –Utopia
2. Francis Bacon –Essays, The New Atlantis
3. William Shakespeare – sonnets, long poems and plays
-- Hometown: Straford
-- Four great tragedies; Four great comedies; love tragedy
-- “A pound of flesh”; “to be or not to be”; ……
III. 17th century
1. John Milton –Paradise Lost (great epic); Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes
2. John Donne –The Flea (metaphysical poems)
3. John Bunyan –Pilgrim’s Progress(It is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.)
IV. The Age of Enlightenment (Late 17th century- Middle 18th
century)
1. Jonathan Swift – a great satirist: Gulliver’s Travels; A Modest Proposal
2. Daniel Defoe –Robinson Crusoe (rise of the novel); Moll Flanders
4. Henry Fielding –Tom Jones
5. Samuel Richardson –Pamela
6. Lawrence Sterne –The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy
7. Oliver Goldsmith –The Deserted Village; The Citizen of the World (Chinese Letters)
8. Thomas Gray –Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (The Graveyard School)
9. Samuel Johnson –A Dictionary of the English Language; Lives of the Poets
V. The Age of Romanticism (1798-1832)
1. Robert Burns : National poet of Scotland
2. William Blake: Songs of Innocence; Songs of Experience
3. William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads (It marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.)
4. George Gordon Byron: Don Juan
5. Percy Shelley: “Ode to the West Wind” (“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”)
6. John K eats: “Ode to a Nightingale”
7. Lake Poets: Samuel Coleridge, Robert Southey, William Wordsworth
VI. The Age of Realism
In the Victorian Age (1836 – 1901), romanticism gradually gave way to realism.
1. Robert Browning –My Last Duchess (dramatic monologue)
2. Matthew Arnold –Culture and Anarchy; “Dover Beach”
3. Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities; David Copperfield; Oliver Twist; Hard Times; Great Expectations
4. Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights
5. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urbervilles
6. William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair
7. George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion; Mrs Warren’s Profession (He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.)
8. John Galsworthy: The Forsyte Saga
9. Jane Austen; Charlotte Bronte;
10. George Eliot –The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch
11. Joseph Conrad –Heart of Darkness
12. E. M. Forster –A Passage to India; Howards End
13. Oscar Wilde –“Art for art’s sake”; The Picture of Dorian Gray
VII. The Age of Modernism (1918 – 1945)
1. D. H. Lawrence –Sons and Lovers
2. Virginia Woolf –Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse
3. James Joyce (Irish) –Dubliners; Ulysses; “Stream of Consciousness”
4.. Eliot –The Waste Land
VIII. Contemporary Literature (1945- )
1. George Orwell –Animal Farm; William Golding –Lord of the Flies
2. John Fowles –The French Lieutenant’s Woman
3. Doris Lessing –The Grass is Singing
4. Modern poets –Dylan Thomas; Philip Larkin; Seamus Heaney(Irish)
5. . Byatt –Possession
6. Kazuo Ishguro –The Remains of the Day
7. Doris Lessing –The Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook
7.“Angry Young Man”:Kingsley AMis; John Wain
8. Magaret Drabble ( ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature )
9. Others: Samuel Beckett; Julian Barnes;……
2. 美国文学
I. The Colonial Period (c. 1607 - 1765)
1. Captain John Smith usually was regarded as the first American writer.
II. The Age of Enlightenment and Independent War (1765-Late 1800s) 1. Benjamin Franklin –“Founding Father” of the United States; The Autobiography; “God help those who help themselves”; American dream;
2. Thomas Jefferson –Declaration of Independence
III. The Age of Romanticism (1800-1865)
1. James Fenimore Cooper –Leatherstocking Tales;
2. Washington Irving – the first man of letters from the US to win an international reputation; Rip Van Winkle
3. Transcendentalism, as a philosophical and literary movement, flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. Representatives: Emerson and Thoreau.
4. The American Scholar written by Emerson was regarded as “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”; Nature: the “Bible” for transcendentalism.
5. 19th century Poets:
--Henry Longfellow (“A Psalm of Life”);
--Walt Whitman (Leaves of Grass; “O, Captain! My Captain!” for Abraham Lincoln) ;
--Emily Dickinson
6. Nathaniel Hawthorne –The Scarlet Letter;
7. Herman Melville –Moby Dick;
8. Edgar Allan Poe –“The Raven”; “To Helen”; The Fall of
the House of Usher;
9. Abolitionist Movement: Harriet Beecher Stowe –Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
IV. The Age of Realism (1865-1918)
1. Representatives: William Howells, Henry James, Mark Twain. --Howells: Criticism and Fiction
--Henry James: The American; The Portrait of a Lady; The Ambassadors
--Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens): Local Color; famous novels: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
2. Stephen Crane –The Red Badge of Courage;
3. Jack London –The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden (autobiographical) .
4. Kate Chopin (female writer)–The Awakening; “The Story of An Hour”;
5. Theodore Dreiser: naturalism; famous novels: Sister Carrie, An American Tragedy
V. The Age of Modernism (1918 - 1945)
1. Famous American poets in the 20th century:
--Ezra Pound: leader of the Imagist movement; The Cantos
--Robert Frost: American national poet; famous poems: “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, “The Road Not Taken”, “Mending Wall”
--T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land (a landmark and a model of the 20th century poetry)
2. Eugene O’Neil: the leading playwright of the modern period; Desire under the Elm; The Iceman Cometh
3. Female writer: Willa Cather –Oh, Pioneers!; My Antonia
4. “The Lost Generation”: influence of WWI
--Gertrude Stein
--Ernest Hemingway: 1954 Nobel Prize winner; spokesman of the
Lost Generation; The Old Man and the Sea, A Farewell to Arms; --F. Scott Fitzgerald: spokesman of the Jazz Age; The Great Gatsby
5. John Steinbeck – The Grapes of Wrath (influenced by Marxism)
6. William Faulkner: foremost southern writer of the 20th century; Yoknapatawpha Saga; The Sound and the Fury; Light in August
VI. Contemporary Literature (1945- )
1. Joseph Heller –“Black Humor”; Catch-22
2. Female black writers:
--Alice Walker: The Color Purple;
--Toni Morrison: Beloved; Song of Solomon
3. Saul Bellow – Mr. Samm ler’s Planet; Dangling Man
4. J. D. Salinger – Catcher in the Rye
5. John Updike –Rabbit Run; Rabbit Redux; Rabbit Is Rich; Rabbit at Rest
6. “The Beat Generation”: After WWII
--Allen Ginsburg: Howl
--Jack Kerouac: On the Road
7. Arthur Miller –All My Sons; Death of a Salesman
8. Tennessee Williams –A Streetcar Named Desire; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
英语专八英美文学常识汇总
3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》
英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france
* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line. 2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌
英国文学(English Literature) 一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪) 1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christ c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901) 2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士 二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.
America Review Chapter 1 1、_______ usually was regarded as the first American writer. A. William Bradford B. Anne Bradstreet C. Emily Dickinson D. Captain John Smith 2、The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the_______. A. Revolutionsim B. Reason C. Individualism D. Rationalism 3、Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “_______” who appeared in America. A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse 4、Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true? A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer. B. He was a scientist. C. He was a master of diplomacy. D. He was a Puritan. 5、The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of_______. A. Thomas Hood B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington 6、From 1732 to 1758 , Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous _______, an annual collection of proverbs. A. The Autobiography B. Poor Richard’s Almanac C. Common Sense D. The General Magazine 7、Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau? A. The British Prison Ship B. The Wild Honey Suckle C. The Indian Burying Ground D. The Day of Doom Answer: DCBDB BD
英美文学知识点总结（专八） Old English Literature （古英语文学） （450-1066年） Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》: The first English national epic. S ir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士与绿林骑士》：knight literature. 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literature ―英国文学诗歌之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?), the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: 1．Greatest tragedies are King Lear《李尔王》, Macbeth《麦克白》, Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》, Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》. 2．Great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》, As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》, The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night《第十二夜》 3．great historical plays:Richard III 《理查三世》, Henry IV《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 Francis Bacon (弗朗西斯·培根, 1561-1626) a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose. Works by Bacon: The Advancement of Learning（1605）《学术的推进》，New Instrument (1620) 《新工具》，Essays (1625) 《培根文集》. John Donne (约翰·邓恩，1572-1631), a leading figure of the ―metaphysical school‖（玄学派主要代表人物），who frequently applies conceits (奇喻) or fantastic metaphors in his poems, involving dramatic contrasts. His poems feature a diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods, achieving vividness of imagery, vitality of rhythms, ingenuity of speech and depth of philosophy. Works by Donne: Songs and Sonnets《歌与十四行诗》，of which ―The Flea‖, ―The Good Morrow‖, ―Break of Day‖and ―A Valediction: Forbidding Morning‖are most popular. Holy
专八复习资料总结 词汇用书 : 刘毅10000(与八级的词汇相符,特别是对于翻译部分).如果学有余力的话,可以 再看看刘毅22000. 听力部分: 真题和邹申专八指南.还听了点中级听力.高口笔试部分的听力和专八很像. 阅读部分 英语专业七级习题集和英语专业八级习题集,书中的阅读不是现在的新题型,都 是每个文章后只有2,3个问题的那种.这书满足专八阅读考的就是快速捕捉信息的训练,. 翻译部分 1.人事部三级笔译教材. 2.人事部三级笔译教材辅导. 3.人事部三级笔译历年真题 这3本书都是实战用书,开卷有益啊. 4.英语专业八级改错与翻译100+100,常骏跃主编,大连理工大学出版社.小本的, 这本书中的翻译多是中国翻译杂志上的节选,和专八的风格很相似,以散文为主. 写作部分 1.冲击波系列---英语专业八级写作.徐永,姚小蒙主编,大连理工大学出版社. 2.星火英语---2007英语专业八级考试写作标准范文背诵中国社会出版社.这 本书都是背诵的范文. 人文部分
1.英语专业八级人文知识精讲,王苏春主编,南京大学出版社 2.冲击波系列和海冰系列. 改错部分 1.英语专业八级改错与翻译100+100 专八人文知识必背 7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常 在由 like或 as引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的 思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚） 8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之 间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟 9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲 聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness 10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben. 11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him. 12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通 常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习：美国地理概况 本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。 The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one. 瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。 The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range. 阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。 The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains. 科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。 The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus. 指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。 The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. 指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。 The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain. 大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。 The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers. 密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。 The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario. 北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。 The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters. 尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，平均落差为49米。 Yellow stone National Park黄石国家公园：Located in the northern part of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。 Grand Canyon大峡谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth. 大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。 Old Faithful老忠实喷泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes. 老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。 Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.
Ⅰ. Multiple Choices: 1.Romanticism fights against the ideas of ______. A. realism B. Renaissance C. Enlightenment D. feudalism 2.The main literary stream is ____. A. poetry B. novels C. prose D. periodicals 3.____ has a another name called “The Daffodils”. A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” B. “Tintern Abbey” C. “Revolution” D. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” 4.Coleridge’s _____ is a “conversation” poem. A. Frost at Midnight B. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” C. Christabel D. Biographia Literaria 5.Byron’s ____ is regarded as the great poem of the Romantic Age. A. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B. Hours of Idleness C. Lara D. Don Juan 6.Prometheus Unbound is ____ masterpiece. A. Wordsworth’s B. Byron’s C. Shelley’s D. Keats’ 7.____ lived the longest life. A. Wordsworth B. Byron C. Shelley D. Keats 8.Keats’ first poem is ____. A. O Solitude B. On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer C. Poems D. Endymion 9.Keats’ best ode is ____. A. “On a Grecian Urn” B. “To Autumn” C. “To Psyche” D. “To a Nightingale” 10.The best works of William Hazlitt is ____. A. The Spirit of the Age B. Table Talk C. The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays D. On the English Poets 11.The publication of ______ marks the beginning of the Romantic Movement in England. A. “Tintern Abbey” B. Lyrical Ballads C. Frost at Night D. “The Daffodils” 12.The Prelude has also been called _____. A. The Last Brazil B. The First Impression C. Growth of a Poet’s Mind D. The Spirit of the Age 13.Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” has also been called _______. A. “The Solitary Reaper” B. “The Daffodils” C. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” D. “O Solitude” 14._____ is considered Wordsworth’s masterpiece. A. The Prelude B. Endymion C. Don Juan D. Biographia Literaria 15.The prose writers in the English Romantic Age developed a kind of _______. A. models of classicism B. familiar essay C. rules of neo-romanticism D. ways of modernism 16.The best essayist in the English Romantic Age is _____.
美国文学（第一部分）（专八英美文学整理） 1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements 约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家 John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书） 乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism） Jonathan Edwards 1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动） 本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书； Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道； 1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦” 反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点) 托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolution Thomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册） Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命） The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响） 菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲 1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船 The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花 The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳 托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson 18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism 1. 早期浪漫主义 华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉) Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor 1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始） A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作； ----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个 获国际声誉作家 -----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦) The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉