雅思第四次群翻译练习

精心整理进阶四雅思句子翻译练习册班级：1707A姓名：7.城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹，但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。

8.在家遭受虐待或者忽视的孩子可能会有行为问题。

9.人口的扩大是大量垃圾产生的原因，这些垃圾需要几十年才能降解。

10.网络能够丰富我们的生活，但是我们不应该忽视面对面的交流因为它对社会关系有直接影响。

胁DAY31.随着年龄的增加，人们发现保持与亲人和朋友的联系变得困难，因为他们被工作和其他任务占据。

2.严厉的处罚是减少犯罪的有效方法，因为犯罪者害怕被抓而不太可能犯罪。

3.政府应该支持对太空科技的投资因为这些科技的商业化会带来更多的商业机会,提高人们的生活水平。

4.一些公共服务很难收支平衡，需要政府资金。

5.除非我们的现代生活方式有深远改变，否则我们的环境还是会很糟。

6.因为失业率高升，大学生感到有压力去努力学习7.同意免费大学教育的人们认为该措施会使那些家境不好的学生有同等上大学的机会。

8.当分析青少年犯罪的根本原因的时候，我们应该考虑社会和经济环境。

9.基因工程使人们能培育出抗旱的农作物品种，因此可以提高土地利用率。

10.密集种植对野生植物有巨大影响，对物种多样性有巨大威胁。

DAY41.一个取得广泛共识的概念是没有大学文凭的年轻人通常只能找低技术含量的工作，这也危害到他们的生活质量。

2.尽管学术表现被高度重视，但我们不应该忽视学生的身体健康的重要性。

3.历史文物因为它的历史重要性而被保存4.学校活动的设置要能让孩子体会到成就感和提升他们的幸福5.6.7.8.9.10.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.1.2.3.4.5.贫穷国家的首要问题是满足人们基本生存需求，这是维持国家稳定一个有效方法。

6.很多每天接触暴力内容的孩子容易用暴力，因为他们把暴力当作日常生活的一部分。

7.因为全球化，人们需要和来自不同背景的人工作。

8.家庭环境被认为是小孩成长最重要的影响。

剑4T1P1Tropical RainforestsAdults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes - about the duration of a normal classroom period. In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests - what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them - independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken.Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about ‘pure' curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous，more robust but also accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction of rainforests, little formal information is available about children’s ideas in this area. The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and to plan programmes in environmental studies in their schools.The study surveys children’s scientific knowledge and attitudes to rainforests. Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. The most frequent responses to the first question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term "rainforest". Some children described them as damp, wet or hot. The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests. The commonest responses were continents or countries：Africa (given by 43% of children), South America (30%), Brazil (25%). Some children also gave more general locations, such as being near the Equator.Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded chat rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests. More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised die idea of rainforest as animal habitats.Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils’ viewsabout the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life.The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified chat it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, some personalising the responsibility by the use of terms such as "we are". About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.One misconception, expressed by some 10% of the pupils, was chat acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction；A similar proportion said chat pollution is destroying rainforests. Here, children are confusing rainforest destruction with damage to the forests of Western Europe by these factors. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provide oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced. The misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on Earth.In answer to the final question about the importance of rainforest conservation, the majority of children simply said that we need rainforests to survive. Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming. This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue. Some children expressed the idea that the conservation of rainforests is not important.The results of this study suggest that certain ideas predominate in the thinking of children about rainforests. Pupils’ responses indicate some misconceptions in basic scientific knowledge of rain forests’ ecosystems such as their ideas about rainforests as habitats for animals, plants and humans and the relationship between climatic change and destruction of rainforests.Pupils did not volunteer ideas that suggested that they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction. In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. Environmental education offers an arena in which these skills can be developed, which is essential for these children as future decision-makers.无论大人还是孩子都经常会遇到这样的报道，那就是热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。

剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section4答案+解析剑桥雅思4Test4听力Section 4答案+解析谈话场景：学术报告。

人物身份：主讲人为海洋动物专家。

谈话话题：介绍澳大利亚鲨鱼的有关信息，其长度、重量、觅食习惯等，以及澳大利亚政府为防止鲨鱼攻击人类所采取的措施交际与语言表达1. 这部分讲述的是关于澳大利亚鲨鱼的场景，涉及到鲨鱼的生活习性、特征以及捕鲨网的来历和用途。

2. “sharks vary in weight with size and breed…”鲨鱼的体重因大小和种类而不同。

动词“vary”搭配介词“in”和“with”时，含义有区别，“vary in”表示“在……方面变化、不同”。

例如：Rooms vary in size and come equipped with hairdryers, television and telephone. 房间大小不同，均配有吹风机、电视和电话。

“vary with”表示“随着……变化而变化”，例如：Winds vary with time, altitude, and location. 风随时间、高度和位置的变化而变化。

3. “This is made possible by their fins, one set at the side and another set underneath the body, and the tail also helps the shark move forward quickly.”它的鳍使快速游动成为可能，一个在一边，另外一个在身体下面，它的尾巴有助于鲨鱼迅速向前移动。

“make possible”表示“使…变成可能”，例如：It is possible to make a hypothesis on the basis of this graph. 以这张图表为基础做出假设是可能的。

“move forward”表示“向前移动，向前发展”，例如：Only by showing mutual respect can we move forward together. 在互相尊重的基础上，我们才可并肩向前。

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑 4 T4 阅读译文 P3-稀缺资源的问题,本单元其他相关译文，请点击：剑4 T4 阅读译文 P1-人类的运动极限没有尽头；剑4 T4 阅读译文 P2-考古学的本质和目的。

参考译文The Problem of Scarce Resources稀缺资源的问题Section AThe problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and disabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.A卫生保健资源应该如何分配或指定以保证它们能以最公平、最有效的方式分布，这个问题已经不算新了。

英语四级翻译题型模拟练习及答案英语四级翻译题型模拟练习及答案：旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个经济部门，现在正引起中国公众愈来愈大的注意。

许多人给报社写信，就促进中国的旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。

人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解、增进友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。

还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。

参考译文Tourism, a fast developing economic sector over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public. Many people have written to the press, making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for Chinas great cause.难点注释1.第一句较长，首先要理清句子结构，句子主干为：“旅游业是一个经济部门，现在正引起注意”。

根据英语表达习惯，翻译时，可以将该句整合为一个长句.“一个经济部门”可以用同位语表达来处理，因此句子主干则为：Tourism isnow receiving increasing attention。

Some people think schools should only teach students academic subjects. Others think schools should also teach students how to discriminate between right and wrong. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.介绍段背景句 1.学校一直被认为是一个帮助年轻人提高知识和增加就业能力的地方。

阐述立场 2.在我看来,学术课程很重要，但是学生如果不懂得对错的区别，也很难事业成功。

主体部分第一段中心句 3. 很多老师认为学生应该关注主科，因这些课程决定了他们以后是否可很多老师认为学生应该关注主科，因这些课程决定了他们以后是否可以进大学。

以进大学。

解释 4. 这些课程学到的知识可以给大打下好基础（a firm grounding for university），以后可找到好的工作。

举例 5. 如果中学好数，那么他们以后可在大里建立模型去分析据如果中学好数，那么他们以后可在大里建立模型去分析据成为金融分析师和工程。

成为金融分析师和工程。

成为金融分析师和工程。

成为金融分析师和工程。

成为金融分析师和工程。

成为金融分析师和工程。

对比 6. 如果学生需要花时间习道德准则和行为规范，他们可能就不关注主如果学生需要花时间习道德准则和行为规范，他们可能就不关注主科。

主体部分第二段中心句7. 学校可以灌输一些重要的美德（virtue），让他们可以利用好自己的知识，成为对社会有用的人。

举例8. 如果一个人懂得忠诚，那么就不会将公司的机密材料卖给竞争者。

举例2 9. 如果一个工程师有社会责任，就设计出能够让消费者安全使用的产品。

对比10. 一个学生即便在校的表现很好，如果不能够遵循道德规则，他也很难成功。

主体部分第三段中心句11.我个人觉得，学生能够分辨对错才可能成功。

剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4)剑桥雅思阅读11原文(test4)1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Research using twinsTo biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle the influence of genes and the environment — of nature and nurture. Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they sharevirtually the same genetic code. Any differences between them — one twin having younger looking skin, for e某ample — must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.Alternatively, by comparing the e某periences of identical twins with those of fraternal twins, who come from separate eggs and share on average half their DNA, researchers can quantify the e某tent to which our genes affect our lives. If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.These two lines of research — studying the differences between identical twins to pinpoint the influence of environment, and comparing identical twins with fraternal ones to measure the role of inheritance — have been crucial to understanding the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease.The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the English scientist Francis Galton firstsuggested the approach (and coined the phrase ‘nature and nurture’). But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults. Over two decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what became known as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Numerous tests were carried out on the twins, and they were each asked more than 15,000 questions.Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data toidentify how far twins were affected by their genetic makeup. The key to their approach was a statistical concept called heritability. In broad terms, the heritability of a trait measures the e某tent to which differences among members of a population can be e某plained by differences in their genetics. And wherever Bouchard and other scientists looked, it seemed, they found the invisible hand of genetic influence helping to shape our lives.Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion: that nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces at work. According to a recent field called epigenetics, there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases serves as a bridge between the environment and our genes, andin others operates on its own to shape who we are.Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a‘third component’. These reactions influence how our genetic codeis e某pressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys — each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are — then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes. Studies of animals, for e某ample, have shown that when a rat e某periences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up. Other epigenetic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for e某ample.Geneticist Danielle Reed has worked with many twins over the years and thought deeply about what twin studies have taught us.‘It’s very clear when you look at twins tha t much of what they share is hardwired,’ she says. ‘Many things about them are absolutely the same and unalterable. But it’s also clear, when you get to know them, that other things about them are different. Epigenetics is the origin of a lot of those differences, in my view.’Reed credits Thomas Bouchard’s work for today’s surge in twin studies. ‘He was the trailblazer,’ she says. ‘We forget that 50 years ago things like heart disease were thought to be caused entirely by lifestyle. Schizophrenia was thought to be due to poor mothering. Twin studies have allowed us to be more reflective aboutwhat people are actually born with and what’s caused by e某perience.’Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our underst anding even further. ‘What I like to say is that nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen,’ she says. Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But things written in pencil you can. That’s epigenetics. Now thatwe’re actually ab le to look at the DNA and see where the pencil writings are, it’s sort of a whole new world.’Questions 1-4Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In bo某es 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 There may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin of identical twins looks.2 Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.3 Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.4 Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental processes.Questions 5-9Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the list of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in bo某es 5-9 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.List of ResearchersA Francis GaltonB Thomas BouchardC Danielle Reed5 invented a term used to distinguish two factors affecting human characteristics6 e某pressed the view that the study of epigenetics willincrease our knowledge7 developed a mathematical method of measuring genetic influences8 pioneered research into genetics using twins9 carried out research into twins who had lived apartQuestions 10-13Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.Write the correct letter, A-F, in bo某es 10-13 on your answer sheet.Epigenetic processesIn epigenetic processes, 10 __________ influence the activity of our genes, for e某ample in creating our internal 11 __________ The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be affected by our 12 __________ One e某ample is that if a pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its 13 __________.A nurtureB organsC codeD chemicalsE environmentF behaviour/behavior2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.An Introduction to Film SoundThough we might think of film as an essentially visual e某perience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much theresponsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mi某ed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects, and music.Let us start with dialogue. As is the case with stage drama, dialogue serves to tell the story and e某presses feelings and motivations of characters as well. Often with film characterization the audience perceives little or no difference between the character and the actor. Thus, for e某ample, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film personality and life personality seem to merge. Perhaps this is because the very te某ture of a performer’s voice supplies an element of character.When voice te某tures fit the performer’s physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very realistic persona emerges. The viewer sees not an actor working at his craft, but another human being struggling with life. It is interesting to note that how dialogue is used and the very amount of dialogue used varies widely among films. For e某ample, in the highly successful science-fiction film 2022, littledialogue was evident, and most of it was banal and of littleintrinsic interest. In this way the film-maker was able to portray what Thomas Sobochack and Vivian Sobochack call, in An Introduction to Film, the ‘inadequacy of hu man responses when compared with the magnificent technology created by man and the visual beauties of the universe’.The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the filmitself and thus its humor. The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot. This film presents pure escapism — largely due to its frenetic dialogue.Synchronous sound effects are those sounds which are synchronized or matched with what is viewed. For e某ample, if the film portrays a character playing the piano, the sounds of the piano are projected. Synchronous sounds contribute to the realism of film and also help to create a particular atmosphere. For e某ample, the ‘click’ of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the audience that the image portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously note the e某pected sound. However, if the ‘click’ of an opening door is part of an ominous action such as a burglary, the sound mi某er may call attention to the ‘click’ with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense.Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen. Such sounds areincluded so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film. For e某ample, a film-maker might opt to include the background sound of an ambulance’s siren while the foreground sound and image portrays an arguing couple. The asynchronous ambulance siren underscores the psychic injury incurredin the argument; at the same time the noise of the siren adds to the realism of the film by acknowledging the film’s city setting.We are probably all familiar with background music in films,which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it is used to add emotion and rhythm. Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and/or the characters depicted. Inaddition, background music often foreshadows a change in mood. For e某ample, dissonant music may be used in film to indicate an approaching (but not yet visible) menace or disaster.Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes. For e某ample, a particular musical theme associated with anindividual character or situation may be repeated at various pointsin a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or ideas. Film sound comprises conventions and innovations. We have come to e某pect an acceleration of music during car chases and creaky doorsin horror films. Yet, it is important to note as well that sound is often brilliantly conceived. The effects of sound are often largely subtle and often are noted by only our subconscious minds. We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as totruly appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century — the modern film.Questions 14-18Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in bo某es 14-18 on your answer sheet.14 In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point thatA the director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming.B it would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the artistry of films.C the music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film.D it is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole responsibility for it.15 One reason that the writer refers to Humphrey Bogart is to e某emplifyA the importance of the actor and the character appearing to have similar personalities.B the audience’s wish that actors are visually appropriate for their roles.C the value of the actor having had similar feelings to the character.D the audience’s preference for dialogue to be as authentic as possible.16 In the third paragraph, the writer suggests thatA audiences are likely to be critical of film dialogue that does not reflect their own e某perience.B film dialogue that appears to be dull may have a specific purpose.C filmmakers vary considerably in the skill with which they handle dialogue.D the most successful films are those with dialogue of a high quality.17 What does the writer suggest about Bringing Up Baby?A The plot suffers from the filmmaker’s wish to focus on humorous dialogue.B The dialogue helps to make it one of the best comedy films ever produced.C There is a mismatch between the speed of the dialogue and the speed of actions.D The nature of the dialogue emphasises key elements of the film.18 The writer refers to the ‘click’ of a door to make the point that realistic soundsA are often used to give the audience a false impression ofevents in the film.B may be interpreted in different ways by different members ofthe audience.C may be modified in order to manipulate the audience’s response to the film.D tend to be more significant in films presenting realistic situations.Questions 19-23Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In bo某es 19-23 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this19 Audiences are likely to be surprised if a film lacksbackground music.20 Background music may anticipate a development in a film.21 Background music has more effect on some people than on others.22 Background music may help the audience to make certain connections within the film.23 Audiences tend to be aware of how the background music is affecting them.Questions 24-26Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below.Write the correct letter, A-E, in bo某es 24-26 on your answer sheet.24 The audience’s response to different parts of a film can be controlled25 The feelings and motivations of characters become clear26 A character seems to be a real person rather than an actorA when the audience listens to the dialogue.B if the film reflects the audience’s own concerns.C if voice, sound and music are combined appropriately.D when the director is aware of how the audience will respond.E when the actor’s appearance, voice and moves are consistent with each other.3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has si某 paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list ofheadings below. Write the correct number, i-vii, in bo某es 27-32 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Differences between languages highlight their impressiveness ii The way in which a few sounds are organised to convey a huge range of meaningiii Why the sounds used in different languages are not identical iv Apparently incompatible characteristics of languagev Even silence can be meaningfulvi Why language is the most important invention of allvii The universal ability to use language27 Paragraph A28 Paragraph B29 Paragraph C30 Paragraph D31 Paragraph E32 Paragraph F‘This Marvellous Invention’A Of all mankinds manifold creations, language must take pride of place. Other inventions — the wheel, agriculture, sliced bread —may have transformed our material e某istence, but the advent of language is what made us human. Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it. Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself.B But language is foremost not just because it came first. In its own right it is a tool of e某traordinary sophistication, yet basedon an ide a of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of e某pressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various stirrings of our soul’. This was how,in 1660, the renowned French grammarians of the Port-Royal abbey near Versailles distilled the essence of language, and no one since has celebrated more eloquently the magnitude of its achievement. Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity. Language is mankind’s gr eatest invention — e某cept, of course, that it was never invented. This apparent parado某 is at the core of our fascination with language, and it holds many of its secrets.C Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman. How else could this instrument make so much out of barely three dozen measly morsels of sound? In themselves, these configurations of mouth — p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,e and so on — amount to nothing more than a few haphazard spits and splutters, random noises with no meaning, no ability to e某press, no power to e某plain. But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and thereis nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of e某istence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe.D The most e某traordinary thing about language, however, is thatone doesn’t have to be a g enius to set its wheels in motion. The language machine allows just about everybody — from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl — to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest e某ertion. Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday lifeits triumphs are usually taken for granted. The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and e某pertise that must have gone into makingit tick. Language conceals art.E Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many e某otic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of languages design. One of the showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of breath-breaking length, and thus e某press in one word what English takes a whole sentence to say. The Turkishword ?ehirlili?tiremediklerimizdensiniz, to take one e某ample, means nothing less than ‘you are one of those whom we cant turn into a town-dweller’. (In case you were wondering, this monstrosity really is one word, not merely many different words squashed together —most of its components cannot even stand up on their own.)F And if that sounds like some one-off freak, then consider Sumerian, the language spoken on the banks of the Euphrates some5,000 years ago by the people who invented writing and thus enabled the documentation of history. A Sumerian word like munintuma’a(‘when he had made it suitable for her’) might seem rather trim compared to the Turkish colossus above. What is so impressive aboutit, however, is not its lengthiness but rather the reverse — the thrifty compactness of its construction. The word is made up of different slots, each corresponding to a particular portion of meaning. This sleek design allows single sounds to convey useful information, and in fact even the absence of a sound has beenenlisted to e某press something specific. If you were to ask whichbit in the Sumerian word corresponds to the pronoun ‘it’ in the English translation when he had made it suitable for her, then the answer would have to be nothing. Mind you, a very particular kind of nothing: the nothing that stands in the empty slot in the middle. The technology is so fine-tuned then that even a non-sound, whencarefully placed in a particular position, has been invested with a specific function. Who could possibly have come up with such a nifty contraption?Questions 33-36Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in bo某es 33-36 on your answer sheet.The importance of languageThe wheel is one invention that has had a major impact on 33__________ aspects of life, but no impact has been as 34 __________ as that of language. Language is very 35 __________, yet composed of just a small number of sounds. Language appears to be 36 __________ to use. However, its sophistication is often overlooked.A difficultB comple某C originalD admiredE materialF easyG fundamentalQuestions 37-40Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In bo某es 37-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this37 Human beings might have achieved their present position without language.38 The Port-Royal grammarians did justice to the nature of language.39 A comple某 idea can be e某plained more clearly in a sentence than in a single word.40 The Sumerians were responsible for starting the recording of events.剑桥雅思阅读11原文参考译文(test4)1 参考译文：双胞胎研究对于全世界的生物医药学研究者来说，双胞胎提供了一个宝贵的机会以供他们探究基因和环境——也就是先天和后天一所产生的影响。

翻译38：一些员工被鼓励着去打破陈规。

正确的句子：Some employees are encouraged to break the mould. 句子的结构：主语（省略）+ 及物动词（encourage被动）+ 宾语（employees 变成了主语）+宾语补足语（to break the mould）打破陈规 Break the mould与其类似的词组：Think creatively/innovativelyAdopt a creative approachThink out of the box翻译39：上下班的时间变得更长了正确的句子：Commuting time has been prolonged because of traffic congestion.句子结构: 主语+ 及物动词（prolong被动语态）+ 宾语Commuting time 通勤时间Commuters 通勤族，上班族Daily commutersCommute to/from/ between home and workplace上下班travel to and from work/ the workplace交通堵塞：Traffic congestionTraffic jamsHeavy trafficTraffic是不可数名词交通费 congestion charge减少交通 reduce/cut traffic避开交通高峰期 avoid/miss the traffic堵车了 be stuck/caught in the trafficIt takes sb some time to do sth(take后面一般加时间)It costs sb some money to do sth (cost 后面一般加金钱)翻译40：电脑技能可以运用到学习工作中正确的句子：Computer skills can be applied in their studies as well as their working lives.句子结构：主语+ 及物动词（apply的被动语态）+ 宾语电脑知识/素养computer literacy运用 applied to/ in/ into sthStudy可数名词 work不可数名词A OFB A无生命A’S B A 有生命翻译41：大部分的环境破坏都可以归咎于人类的活动。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test4)推荐文章剑桥雅思阅读6原文及答案解析(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读4原文翻译及答案解析(test3) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读翻译及答案解析11(test4) 热度：剑桥雅思阅读11(test1)答案精讲热度：剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3) 热度：雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。

下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读4test4原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。

剑桥雅思阅读4原文解析(test4)Question 1答案：TRUE关键词：record,1900定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：“自从20世纪早期国际田联开始记录成绩以来……”，题干说现代官方运动员记录始于大约1900年。

因此答案为TRUE。

Question 2答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：before the twen?tieth century定位原文：第1段第1句“Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space.”解题思路：很明显体感说的与原文说的相反，故答案为FALSE。

Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep.-- Shakespeare练习一1. （很少有人不抱怨工作单调乏味），but they will feel more bored if they do not work.2. Henry has prepared a party for his girlfriend，（结果却被告之她到时）.3. The chief reason for the population growth is（与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是死亡率的下降）.4. True friendship foresees the needs of others （而不是声明自己的需求）.5. Although I liked the appearance of the house，（真正让我决定买下它的）was the beautiful view through the window.『答案解析』1. Few people do not complain about the tedium of their jobs2. only to be told that she couldn't come by then3. not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates或more a fall in death rates than a rise in birth rates4．rather than proclaims one's own5．what really made me decide to buy it练习二1. I am not sure whether I want to take this course；（我第一周可否旁听）to see if I like it？2. The police are on the trail of new evidence （希望能有助于该案的处理）.3. The volume of trade between the two countries，as is reported，（增长了三倍多）.4. My question is （谁将接任该基金会主席职位）.5. He looks honest，but （外表有时是靠不住的），aren't they？『答案解析』1. may I sit in for the first week2. which they hope will help solve the case3. has increased more than fourfold4. who will take over as president of the Foundation5. appearances are sometimes deceiving练习三1. The government was accused （没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺）.2. Only in this way （我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会）.3. No sooner （我刚点着蜡烛，它就被吹灭了）by a violent draught.4. Surrounded by the police，the kidnappers （没有选择只能当场投降）.5. I'm very glad to know that （作为一些服务的回报，我的老板慷慨地同意将我欠的债一笔勾销）.『答案解析』1. of failure to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions/ of failing to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions2. can we adapt (ourselves) to the society quickly after we graduate3．had I lit the c뉜䠯鈴懖픇灻缗⎣/event/©版权所有沪江网⎣缗灻픇懖鈴䠯뉜andle than it was put out4．had no choice but to surrender on the spot5．my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services练习四1. People _______________（往往会发胖）after giving up cigarettes because they turn to snacks as a substitute.2. The frightened child _______________（紧紧抓住母亲的手臂）.3. If we want to ________________（提前一个月完成这项工程的话），we have to hurry with it.4. When he succeeded in finishing his design，the technician _______________（似乎忘乎所以了）.5. He is the sort of person ________________（你永远琢磨不透他讲的话）.『答案解析』1. tend to put on weight2. grips his mother’s arm3. complete the project a month ahead of time4. seemed to let himself go5. whose words you never can make out练习五1. Being out of work and having two young children，（夫妻俩发现勉强维持生计是不可能的）.2. Generally speaking，（按照说明服用时），the drug has no side effect.3. Some people argue that most crime （可归咎于对金钱的贪婪）.4. （发现很难适应那里的气候），he decided to move back to the north.我要高分5. Over a third of the population was estimated （没有机会享受医疗保健服务）. 『答案解析』1. the couple found it impossible to make ends meet2. when taken according to the direction/instruction3．can be attributed to the greed for money4．Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there5．to have no access to the health service练习六1.They are going to （紧急情况时调动军队）.2. Swimming in the sea （有助于增进体力和毅力）.3. They called on Black people to （反对征召黑人青年当兵）.4. （她表现出了很强的自制力）when they told her the news.5. He is said to （一直在工作而不是一直在学习）in the U.S.A. 『答案解析』1. mobilize the army in an emergency2. helps to build up both physical strength and willpower3. to oppose the drafting of Black youth4. She displayed great self-control5. have been working instead of studying练习七1. The customer complained that no sooner （他刚起动这台计算机，它就不运转了）.2. What upset me was （不是他所说的话，而是他说话的方式）.3. This piece of writing is （与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻报道）.4. The court ruling （剥夺了他的政治权利）.5. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning （然而，动物的行为主要依靠本能）.『答案解析』1. had he started the computer than it stopped working2. not what he said but the way he said it/ not what he said but the manner in which he said it3．more like a news report than a short story4．deprived him of his political rights5．while animal behavior depends mainly on instinct /whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on instinct练习八1.They've fully prepared to （投身于革命）.2. All things have passed; （昔日的荣耀荡然无存）.3. （被告涉嫌参与）a murder case.4. The acoustics in the Festival Hall （效果好极了）.5. With the last hours of the afternoon （她所有的希望、勇气和力量都随之消失了）.『答案解析』1. throw themselves into the revolution2. nothing remains of its former glory3. The accused is suspected of being involved in4. are extremely good5. went her hopes，courage，...⿷呕孖쥸 뜲瘐 ©考试大英语网站 瘐뜲 쥸孖呕⿷and strength 练习九1. （除非你和保险公司签订货物保险合同），you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.2. （据报道，这个地方卫生组织25年前就成立了）when Dr. Mark became its first president.3. Mrs. Smith shut the window lest （外面的噪音会影响她儿子的睡眠）.4. The new mayor was charged （未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺）.5. （每当遇到这类问题时，我的大脑就一片空白），and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.『答案解析』1. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods2. It is reported that the local health organization was established 25 years ago/The local health organization is reported to have been established 25 years ago3．the noise outside (should) interfere with her son's sleep4．with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate5．When confronted with such questions，my mind goes blank练习十1.The doctor （建议用一种新药来治疗这种病）.2. The two parties differ very sharply from each other （在采取正确的补救办法的问题上）.3. An average student with average intelligence can be a top student （只要仔细安排他/她的时间）.4. （让世界发展如此之快的）is the modern science and technology.5. A student must treasure his time and （吸收尽可能多的知识）to lay a solid foundation for his future career.『答案解析』1. suggests treating the case with a new drug2. over the correct remedies to apply3. if he plans his/her time carefully4. What makes the world develop so fast5. absorb as much knowledge as he can练习十一1. We'll be all right （只要我们能到达下一个加油站）.2. Seeing these pictures （让我想到了我的童年时代）.3. We all know the fact that （他们已使工厂现代化）.4. It is quite clear that （整个计划注定要失败）.5. All the lights in this building （都受这个开关的控制）. 『答案解析』1. if only we can get to the next petrol-station2. reminded me of my own childhood3. they have modernized their factories4. the whole project is doomed to failure/fail5. are controlled by this switch练习十二1. He works （在倒数第二个办公室）.2. The beauty of the lake is （难以用语言形容）.3. （一个人如果关在家里），a person can't know much about the world.4. （完成作业后），they went to the library.5. I found him （被打得青一块紫一块）.『答案解析』1. in the last office but one2. beyond description3. Kept within houses如：Influenced by his ideas, she joined the revolution too.（作原因状语）Heated，ice changes into water.（作条件状语）He went there with great hope，but returned greatly disappointed.（表伴随状况）4. Having finished their homework5. beaten black and blue练习十三1. If only （你没把我的话告诉杰吉），everything would have been all right.2. They had no sooner gone to the plant （就开始干活了）.3. Don't trust such men （当面过分称赞你）.4. I've got many novels，（其中一些很有趣）.5. （那两个国家中断了外交关系）on the eve of World War. 『答案解析』1. You hadn't told Jackie what I said2. than they began to work3. as overpraise you to your face4. some of which are very interesting5. The two countries broke off diplomatic relationship练习十四1. Man，no less than the lower forms of life，（是演化过程的产物）.2. （不止一个人觉察到）her agitation.3. （液体密度越大），the easier it is to float on it.4. （只有工人的要求得到满足）will they return to work.5. Had （要不是有水库）we'd never have been able to beat the drought. 『答案解析』1. is a product of the evolutionary process2. More than one person has noticed3. The denser a liquid is4. Only when the workers' demands are satisfied5. it not been for the reservoir练习十五1. It's believed that mixed-ability teaching can （促使他们知识的积累和经历的丰富）.2. We （使我们的行为符合别人的）based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.3. The class are very active. They （争先恐后地回答问题）.4. Oxygen is （一种能和许多物质化合的气体）.5. Mr. Smith is （这次事故的目击者之一）.『答案解析』1. enrich their knowledge and experience2. fit our actions to those of other people3. vie with each other in answering questions4. a gas which unites with many substances5. one of those who have witnessed the accident练习十六1. It was essential that （我们在月底前签订合同）.2. （家庭人口多好还是人口少好）is a very popular topic，which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.3. We must （用一切可能的办法来帮助他们）.4. We （尽情地吃了一顿）at the new restaurant last Friday.5. To most of the travelers，（衣、食、住、行）are all important elements. 『答案解析』1. We sign the contract by the end of the month2. Whether a large family is good or not3. help them in every way possible4. ate to our hearts' content5. food，clothing，shelter，and transportation练习十七1. （青少年犯罪的主要原因是由于）that social environment is becoming worse.2. The workmen think （遵守安全规则很重要）.3. The new government was accused （未实现其降低失业率的承诺）.4. Only with combined efforts，（我们才能期望台湾不久有新的面貌）.5. Several thousands of quake-smitten inhabitants （得到了政府充分的救济）.『答案解析』1. The main reason why juveniles commit crimes is2. it crucial to abide by the safety regulations3. of unfulfilling his promise to lower the unemployment rate4. can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course5. got plentiful relief from the government练习十八1. （我没有买到一张好票）for yesterday’s movie.2. It’s confirmed that （铁路将延伸到我们村子）.3. The new manager of our company （有很强的事业心）.4. When I walked past his house，（我听见他在弹钢琴）.5. （学生们应该从这里得出一条经验）：Don’t be misled by false appearances.『答案解析』1. I didn’t buy a good seat2. the railway will be extended to our village3. is a man of great enterprise4. I heard him playing the piano5. Students should draw a lesson here练习十九1. We had better （天天锻炼身体）.2. （为了不影响他们），we left quietly.3. （我答复她）that I would accept her invitation.4. According to the newly-announced policy，we should （努力搞活国有大中型企业）.5. It has become an utmost urgency that （必须清除政府中的贪污腐化现象）. 『答案解析』1. take exercise everyday2. Not to disturb them3. I replied to her4. invigorate the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption练习二十1. In the old society，five hundred million careworn people （生活在水深火热之中）.2. We think it most important that （理论与实际相结合）.3. （不论晴雨），we’ll have to go tomorrow.4.This is （正是要找的人）we are looking for.5. Their income is （一般家庭的3～5倍）. 『答案解析』1. were plunged into a dire suffering2. theory be combined with practice3. Rain or shine4. no other than the man5. three to five times that of ordinary households英语四级翻译练习题1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.（跟得上班上的其他同学）2.I don't mind your_____________（你延期做出决定）the decision as long as it is not too late.3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________（起着不可缺少的作用）in raising children.4.Mark often____________________________（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations.5.When I __________________（发现他骗我）I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.6.I suggested he ____________________ （使自己适应）his new conditions.7. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________（牢记一生）.8. If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）.9. His remarks left me ____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）.10. If you had_____________________ （听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）11.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________（失去联系）the outside world.12.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________（正在研制）and perfected now.13.How close parents are to their children_________________ __（有很强的影响）the character of the children.14.The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ （肯定没打扫过）.15.With tears on her face, the lady _____________________ （看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）16.（这个计划成功的关键）___________is good planning.17.The specific use of leisure______（每一人都不同）18.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________（不得不用手工操作）instead of mechanically.19.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________（习惯了学生迟到）his lecture.20.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话）21.After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ （被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）22.（他把自己奉献于社区工作）______ and is passionate about what he is doing.23:Man should not exploit the natural resources ______ （以牺牲其他物种为代价）.24.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor ______ （把此归因于她对未来的信念）.25.At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard ______ （不要让父母失望）.26.In the budget for this building, they failed to __（考虑价格增长的因素）.27.Only after I slapped him on the back ____（他才发现我并高兴得叫起来）.28.I didn ' t even speak to him, ____（更不用说与他讨论事情）.29.Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _____（求助于他们的父母）with a sense of guilt.30.The victim _____（本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time .31.Though a skilled worker, _____（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.32.He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, __（也从未屈服于任何困难）.33.The little boy next door has been beating his drum for a whole morning, which got on my nerves so much __（以至于我无法集中注意力学习）.34.The scientist tried to convince us that a tiger would not attack us __（除非它走途无路）.35.The nation ' s population continues to rise ______ （以每年1200 万人的速度）36.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）___the problem will be solved easily because he is an expert in this field.37.The problem lies in how people look at those students ___（专心追求知识的）.38.On Children's Day, kids ___有资格免费进入）to all the city parks.39.The restaurant next door serves good food, but the one across the street is much better ___（就服务而言）.40.___（每当天气不好时）, he takes whatever umbrella he can find.41.Animal experiments will continue to be necessary to resolve existing medical problems ___（尽管一些人公开反对）.42.Professor Clark was a bit strict with us, ____（但我们确实从他那里学到了很多）.43.The more you explain, ___（我愈糊涂）.44. He has done so much for the poor in his community that ___（再怎么赞扬他都不过分）.45.Since my childhood I have found that __（没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力）答案及解析：1.keeping up with the rest of the class.「超级句型」trouble可以用在句型"have trouble doing sth. " 做某事有困难"中，这时，trouble可以用difficulty来代替。