Economic impacts on host countries by Olympic Games

2019-2020学年山大华特卧龙学校高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.BMy first week working in a restaurant, one of the servers said something that stuck with me: Everyone should work in a restaurant for at least a year. At the time, I didn't get it, but I took the advice to heart and worked in restaurants on and off for the next eight years. Before realizing it, I mastered many important skills, one of which is communication skill.When I was little, I was so shy that I used to hide behind my mom whenever someone spoke to me. And when I first started in restaurants, I had two personalities: Restaurant Lizzy and Home Lizzy. It was easier to pretend to be a different person while at work, since it was so different from who I actually was. But gradually, the skills I learned working in restaurants helped Home Lizzy come out of her shell in the real world.When you work in a restaurant, you don't have the luxury of hiding behind your parents to avoid talking to people. I'm still 110% an introvert, but restaurant work helped me communicate. Working in a restaurant not only helped me speak clearly, deliberately and directly but also taught me how to talk about almost everything. Some guests don't want their servers to interact too much with them, and that's fine. But some sit at the bar simply to chat with you. You learn how to judge your guests' level of interest in communicating with you, and how to exit a conversation at the appropriate time.My restaurant work is something that I'm most proud of and I know I wouldn't be the person I am today without those eight years of experience. If you're still on the fence about working in a restaurant for that long, start with one year. I doubt that you'll look back.4. What did the writer think of the server's words?A. Impressive.B. Ridiculous.C. Amusing.D. Logical.5. What do we infer from Paragraph 2?A. The writer tried different jobs.B. The writer became more sociable.C. The writer used an invented name.D. The writer had a hard time at work.6. Which of the following best describes the writer's restaurant work?A. Boring.B. Relaxing.C. Worthwhile.D. Unchallenging.7. What message does the writer try to convey in this passage?A. A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B. Things are difficult before they are easy.C. Communication skills advance your career.D. Restaurantwork helps to achieve a better self.CUK physicist Isaac Newton once said, ''Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子). '' Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel andlash out at us.The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (新型冠状病毒肺炎, NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to Xinhua News Agency, the new coronavirus is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主). It's believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, ''This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density, wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病). ''In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.Although we don't know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it's time for people to ''reflect on our relationship with our planet'' and ''reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given''. After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, ''Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home. ''8. What does the phrase ''lash out at'' in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. punishB. controlC. testD. challenge9. What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak?A. Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.B. It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.C. We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.D. Humans should live peacefully with nature.10. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A. How human beings become their own masters.B. How human activities cause global warming.C. How human beings break the balance of nature.D. How humans use technology to improve their lives.11. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?A. To reflect on the NCP outbreak.B. To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.C. To describe experts' predictions on new pandemics.D. To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.DPlastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world. Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it. And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests. One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while the second bee gathers sticky substances from trees. Leafcutter bees don't build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes, tree holes or cracks（裂缝）in buildings. But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells（育雏巢室）contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.While they don't make honey,alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for theU. S. and Canadian farmers by pollinating（给......传授花粉）crops including alfalfa , carrots and melons. The European insects were introduced toNorth America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they've since become wild, joining the continent's many native species of leafcutter bees.In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic, which consisted of three separate cells. It's the first known example of such construction worldwide. Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees' survival. One of the cells had a dead baby bee , another seemed to have housed an adult that had left the nest, and the third was unfinished.12. What does the animals' use of plastic show according to the study?A. How widely plastic is used.B. How strange the behavior of wildlife is.C. How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.D. How plastic pollution has harmed them.13. What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?A. Food.B. Shelter.C A plastic substitute. D. Traditional nest materials.14. Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?A. They have great economic value.B. They store honey like honeybees.C. They prefer to live in tree holes.D. They have evolved into a new species.15. What was the nest made entirely of plastic like?A. It might be warmer.B. It might be unhealthy.C. It might be easy to finish.D. It might be recyclable.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

下雪影响奥运吗英文作文示例1:Title: The Impact of Snow on the Olympic GamesIn the realm of international sports, the Olympic Games hold a paramount position, uniting athletes from across the globe in a display of skill, dedication, and perseverance. One aspect that often plays a crucial role in these events is the weather, particularly snowfall, which significantly affects winter sports competitions. This essay will explore how snow conditions influence the organization,运动员表现, and overall experience of the Olympic Games.Firstly, snow is an essential element for winter sports such as skiing, snowboarding, bobsleigh, and luge. Adequate snowfall is vital for maintaining optimal track conditions, ensuring fair play, and providing a safe environment for athletes. During the planning stages, event organizers must consider the potential for snowfall and implement strategies to manage it. For instance, they might employ snow-making machines or artificial snow to maintain consistent snow depth and quality. In some cases, a lack of snow could force the relocation or postponement of events, as happenedduring the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics when heavy snowfall led to infrastructure challenges.The impact on athletes is twofold. On one hand, they train extensively to adapt to specific snow conditions, understanding that their performance can be influenced by factors like snow density and temperature. However, extreme weather can also pose risks, such as slippery slopes, increased injury likelihood, and the need for extra precautions. Skiers, for example, may have to adjust their techniques or equipment to navigate through challenging snow conditions. Furthermore, athletes must be mentally prepared for the possibility of altered competition plans due to snow.Moreover, the spectators' experience is also affected by snow.A white blanket of snow creates a picturesque setting, enhancing the atmosphere and transforming the venue into a winter wonderland. However, excessive snow can lead to travel disruptions, delays, and even canceled events, impacting the fans' ability to attend and enjoy the games fully. Weather-related issues can also affect media coverage, as live broadcast logistics can become challenging with limited visibility and road conditions.In terms of the economic impact, heavy snow can both help and hinder the host country. On one hand, it contributes to the winter tourism industry, attracting visitors who come to experience the snowy landscape. On the other hand, unexpected snow can strain local resources, requiring additional costs for emergency response, transportation, and venue maintenance.To conclude, snow is a significant factor that influences the Olympic Games, shaping both the competitive environment and the overall event experience. While it adds excitement and authenticity to winter sports, it also presents logistical and operational challenges for organizers. The ability to adapt and manage these conditions showcases the resilience and innovation of the Olympic community, ensuring that the Games continue to be a platform for elite athletic achievement despite the unpredictable elements of nature.中文翻译：标题：降雪对奥运会的影响在国际体育领域，奥运会占据着核心地位，它将全球运动员汇聚一堂，展示他们的技能、毅力和奉献。

英语四级翻译和作文【篇一：英语四级翻译作文】1.父亲节原文：父亲节是感恩父亲的节日。

约始于二十世纪初，起源于美国，现已广泛流传于世界各地，节日日期因地域而存在差异。

最广泛的日期在每年6月的第三个星期日，世界上有52个国家和地区是在这一天过父亲节。

节日里有各种的庆祝方式，大部分都与赠送礼物、家族聚餐或活动有关。

范文：father’s day is a festival of thanking our fathers. about started in the early 20th century, originated in the united states, it has been widely circulated around the world, but its date is different because of the differences of the regions.the date of the most popular is on the third sunday of june each year, and there are 52 countries and regions in the world celebrating the father’s day on this day. they have various ways of celebration, most of which is related togifts and family dinner or other activities. 2.网络搜索答案要点提示：1、明确写作主题。

动笔之前，清楚要写什么。

该话题说的是网络搜索答案与人们利弊关系。

2、文章第一段，引出话题。

网络搜索答案这种行为的盛行。

3、文章第二段写人们对于该话题的不同看法。

人们对于在网上搜索答案这种行为，有不同的意见。

4、写出自己的见解。

综招英语口语试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 10 题）1. Which of the following is not a part of the human body?A. HeartB. LungC. TreeD. Liver2. What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. ParisC. LondonD. Rome3. Which of the following is a musical instrument?A. ViolinB. PianoC. TrumpetD. All of the above4. What does the abbreviation "USA" stand for?A. United States of AmericaB. United States of AustraliaC. United States of AsiaD. United States of Africa5. Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. EarthB. VenusC. MarsD. Jupiter6. Who wrote the play "Romeo and Juliet"?A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Jane AustenD. Mark Twain7. What is the chemical symbol for water?A. H2OB. CO2C. O2D. He8. Which of the following is not a color?A. RedB. GreenC. YellowD. Round9. What is the largest ocean on Earth?A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean10. Who is the inventor of the telephone?A. Thomas EdisonB. Alexander Graham BellC. Isaac NewtonD. Albert Einstein答案1. C2. B3. D4. A5. C6. A7. A8. D9. B10. B二、多项选择题（每题 2 分，共 10 题）1. Which of the following are renewable energy sources?A. Solar energyB. Wind energyC. Fossil fuelsD. Hydropower2. What are some common English prepositions?A. InB. OnC. AtD. The3. Which of the following are types of literature?A. PoetryB. Short storiesC. NovelsD. Paintings4. What are some major English-speaking countries?A. United StatesB. United KingdomC. AustraliaD. Japan5. Which of the following are planets in our solar system?A. EarthB. NeptuneC. PlutoD. Jupiter6. What are some common English verbs?A. To beB. To haveC. To doD. To go7. Which of the following are parts of a computer?A. MonitorB. MouseC. KeyboardD. Chair8. What are some major cities in the United States?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. London9. Which of the following are types of dance?A. BalletB. JazzC. Hip-hopD. Painting10. What are some common English adjectives?A. HappyB. SadC. BigD. Small答案1. A, B, D2. A, B, C3. A, B, C4. A, B, C5. A, B, D6. A, B, C, D7. A, B, C8. A, B, C9. A, B, C10. A, B, C, D三、判断题（每题 2 分，共 10 题）1. The Earth revolves around the Sun. (True/False)2. The Eiffel Tower is located in Italy. (True/False)3. The English alphabet has 26 letters. (True/False)4. The color blue is warmer than the color red. (True/False)5. The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. (True/False)6. The Great Wall of China is visible from space with the naked eye. (True/False)7. The smallest continent is Australia. (True/False)8. The speed of light is faster than the speed of sound. (True/False)9. The equator is the longest line of latitude. (True/False)10. The Statue of Liberty is located in France. (True/False)答案1. True2. False3. True4. False5. True6. False7. False8. True9. True10. False四、简答题（每题 5 分，共 4 题）1. What are the four seasons in a year?2. Explain the difference between a verb and a noun in English grammar.3. What is the significance of the Olympic Games?4. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.1. The four seasons in a year are Spring, Summer, Autumn (or Fall), and Winter.2. A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being, while a noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea.3. The Olympic Games are significant as they are an international multi-sport event that promotes peace, unity, and sportsmanship among nations through athletic competition.4. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. It involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, which are essential for the plant's growth and energy.五、讨论题（每题 5 分，共 4 题）1. Discuss the importance of learning a second language.2. What are the benefits of regular exercise, and how can it improve one's quality of life?3. How has technology changed the way we communicate?4. What are the environmental impacts of deforestation, and what can be done to mitigate them?1. Learning a second language is important for several reasons, including enhancing cognitive abilities, improving career opportunities, fostering cultural understanding, and promoting global communication.2. Regular exercise offers numerous benefits such asimproving physical health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, boosting mental health, and increasing life expectancy. It can improve one's quality of life byincreasing energy levels, promoting better sleep, and enhancing self-esteem.3. Technology has revolutionized communication by enabling instant messaging, video calls, and social media platforms.It has made communication faster, more accessible, and global, but it has also led to concerns about privacy and the quality of interpersonal relationships.4. Deforestation has significant environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity, disruption of water cycles, and contribution to climate change. To mitigate these impacts, reforestation efforts, sustainable forestry practices, andthe protection of existing forests are crucial.。

体育事业英语作文Title: The Development of Sports Industry。

Sports play a pivotal role in our society, not only asa form of entertainment but also as a significant industry with far-reaching impacts. In recent years, the sports industry has experienced remarkable growth and evolution, both domestically and globally. This essay aims to explore the various facets of the sports industry and its significance in today's world.To begin with, the sports industry encompasses a wide range of sectors including professional sports leagues, sports marketing, sports equipment manufacturing, sports media, and sports tourism, among others. Each of these sectors contributes to the overall growth and developmentof the industry.One of the primary drivers of the sports industry is professional sports leagues. These leagues, such as the NFL,NBA, MLB, and Premier League, attract millions of viewers worldwide and generate substantial revenue through broadcasting rights, sponsorships, ticket sales, and merchandise. The popularity of these leagues has led to the globalization of sports, with events like the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games capturing the attention of audiences from diverse cultures and backgrounds.In addition to professional leagues, sports marketing plays a crucial role in the industry. Brands and companies leverage the emotional connection that fans have with their favorite teams and athletes to promote their products and services. Sponsorship deals, endorsements, and advertising campaigns are common strategies used by companies to capitalize on the popularity of sports.Furthermore, the sports equipment manufacturing sector is another integral part of the industry. Companies design and produce a wide range of sports equipment and apparel, catering to athletes of all levels. Technological advancements have led to innovations in equipment design, enhancing performance and safety for athletes acrossvarious sports.Moreover, sports media plays a vital role in the dissemination of sports content to audiences worldwide. Television networks, digital platforms, and social media channels provide extensive coverage of sporting events, highlights, analysis, and commentary. The rise of digital media has revolutionized the way sports content is consumed, allowing fans to access live streams, on-demand videos, and interactive experiences on their devices.Additionally, sports tourism has emerged as a lucrative sector within the industry. Major sporting events, such as the Olympics, World Championships, and marquee matchups, attract millions of visitors to host cities, stimulating local economies and driving tourism-related revenue. The infrastructure development and marketing efforts associated with hosting such events contribute to the overall growthof the sports industry.Overall, the sports industry continues to thrive and expand, driven by factors such as technological innovation,globalization, and the growing influence of digital media. As the industry evolves, it presents numerous opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and societal impact. By leveraging the power of sports, stakeholders can harnessits potential to inspire, unite, and entertain people around the world.In conclusion, the sports industry is a dynamic and multifaceted sector that encompasses various elements including professional leagues, marketing, equipment manufacturing, media, and tourism. Its significance extends beyond entertainment, impacting economies, cultures, and societies on a global scale. As the industry continues to evolve, it remains a powerful force that shapes our world in profound ways.。

Since reading classics plays a significant role in developing a person’s character, many people recognize the importance of reading classics, especially to young people. However, in modern society, it seems to most people that classical literary works are both outdated and time-consuming compared with their modem counterparts like TV programs, movies, and video games. Only a few people bother to spend a lot of time reading classics. And in the market, those fashionable reading materials, which may cater to modem people’s love of fashion, are taking the place of the masterpieces. One of the reasons behind the phenomenon is that there are so many other leisure activities in the modern society that young people prefer these things for fun to classical literary works.As the backbone of this society, college students should be fully aware of the importance of reading classics. Therefore, we should read those classical works our ancestors have left to us as much as possible, and advocate the importance of classics so that an increasing number of people can enjoy the pleasure and benefit from reading classics.英语六级作文必背范文(篇二)The US sub-prime mortgage crisis turns out to be a nightmare for the world economy. Though it took shape in the United States, it has already resulted in adverse consequences forbanks and financial market around the world.Affected by this crisis, the global economy was reduced to slowdown and last to date, and noone can see the bottom.On the one hand, many panies just go bankrupt or have to tighten their budget andrecruit fewer employees.Therefore, it is difficult for graduates to find a job.Even if those graduates are employed, their salaries will accordingly affected by the recessedeconomy.On the other hand, while the economic crisis is still ongoing, its impact has already extendedto our daily life.The consumer price index raises and people are experiencing the sense of desperateinsecurity.Though economic crisis has its negative impacts, we can not bee pessimistic about thefuture. We college students should be urged to work harder in order to get prepared for theunexpected future.Should Universities lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities?In recent years, many famous universities lower admission requirements for celebrities. More and more celebrities, especially sports stars, have been admitted to famous universities even without an entry examination. This phenomenon has become a subject of widespread controversy.Some people object strongly that universities lower admission requirements for celebrities. They hold that this admission pattern will damage the basic fairness rule of education. In addition, they say that if a person who has not enough academic ability is admitted to the university, it would be an insult on college education. However, still other people think it acceptable. They say that these celebrities deserve this privilege because they have proved their abilities in their field. Besides, in their opinions, these celebrities to some extent set a good model for other young people.Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one. For one thing, these celebrities have sacrificed much learning time for their work, so they should be provided a better chance for learning. For another, if they accept advanced education, they could serve the society better. Therefore, I suggest that people should pay more attention to these celebrities’ efforts and contributions rather than the special treatment they enjoy.英语六级作文必背范文(篇四)We can see a teacher and a student in the cartoon above. When the teacher asks the student to answer a question written on the blackboard, the student wants to seek tech support rather than work it out by himself. The picture aims to tell us the problem that young students are highly dependent on high technology, overlooking the importance of independent thinking.A large number of people point out that technology has played an irreplaceable part in learning process, while many others are against it. Those in favor of high technology believe we have benefited a lot from the convenience brought by Information Technology. For instance, our work efficiency has improved because computers can do complex calculations faster and more accurately than men. Also, the Internet has made it much easier to get access to information than before. However, many people claim that over-dependence on technology has done more harm than good.As one of youngsters, I think as long as we can take advantages of hi-tech reasonably, our learning process will be highly beneficial. At the same time, keep it in mind that independent thinking comes first, while tech support just offers assistance. Only in this way, can we benefit most from our learning process.英语六级作文必背范文(篇五)As a general rule, people like to help others, but there are occasions when you should say no to requests for favors. For instance, it is better to refuse when a child pesters you for sweet food and drinks or for too many toys. Another example is when a relative asks you to use yours influence to get him or her a bank loan or work promotion.However, we cannot ignore the fact that many people are reluctant to say no. They feel that if they turn down a request from a relative or friend, they will cause ill-feeling within the family or become unpopular with their acquaintances. A notable case in point is when the boss asks them to do something which they feel is unreasonable.It is important to keep in mind that not saying no when you should say no can sometimes have harmful consequences. If children are giver everything they ask for, not only may their health be damaged, but they may grow up selfish and spoilt. Again, in the long run it is kinder to re fuse to lend money to a person who has a gambling or alcoholism problem.英语六级作文必背范文(篇六)Nowadays, college students are required to take part in some social practice, such as being an assistant in companies, or doing surveys, especially during the holidays. Social practice is gradually becoming more essential for China’s higher education. Howe ver, social practice has both advantages and disadvantages for college students.On the one hand, it provides students more opportunities to contact with the real world off-campus;Besides, it helps students to grasp some practical skills, especially communication skills, which is an essential supplement to on-campus study; Moreover, social practice can widen students’ vision. On the other hand, the negative effects can not be neglected: students’ major task is learning knowledge, while curiosity about off-campus world may distract them; Sometimes social practice is even treated unseriously and becomes a waste oftime;Furthermore, the students may be faced with dangers unexpectedly.Despite the potential negative effects of social practice, I strongly support social practice for college students, since as a whole,the benefits overwhelm the likely harm. Two heads are better than one, if students, schools, and the society join hands together, social practice can be carried out more effectively and better armed students for the society can be expected.英语六级作文必背范文(篇七)Your Sleeping Position and Your PersonalityEveryone has got two personalities - the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and don’t show your secret personality when you’re awak e because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious. You usually live for today but not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so You’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people英语六级作文必背范文(篇八)On VolunteerIn recent years, the volunteering spirit has spread widely among the public, especially among youngsters. From Olympic Games to urban communities, many people are seen to offer free help.Volunteering is of tremendous benefit to those in need. For example, hundreds of thousands of volunteers played an active role in the recent quake-hit Yushu area: they offered medical and psychological aid to the victims in the relief work. On the other hand, volunteering is beneficial to the volunteers themselves too. Involved in volunteering activities, people are exposed to new circumstancesj and they can learn how to work well in a team and how to improve their interpersonal skills, all of which are critical for their career development.In my view, we should all join in volunteering work as long as we have spare time. That doesn’t necessarily mean that we all volunteer in regions struck by natural disasters. There are many people eise who need our help, . the old or the sick in the near nursing home. Little by EittJe, we are sure to help make the world better.英语六级作文必背范文(篇九)Ever since early the last century,electricity has become an essential part of our modern industrial and agricultural production depends on it to run various kinds of modern wonder computers work on electricity provides light,heat and power for we want to watch tv or films or to listen to the radios we also need can deny that the development of our civilization depends on electricity.If there were no electric power,our modern world would be in one thing all the wheels would stop because the motors that power the machines would another,many,if not all,of our industries would cease the world transport system,in addition,would be felt on the world’s communication our modern world would be impossible without electricity.英语六级作文必背范文(篇十)Like most people, I welcome the advent of the market economy. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the market economy, have come problems. In my opinion, the biggest problem is the large number of fake and shoddy goods, which are found all over the country and do great harm to society.Fake and shoddy goods are harmful on two levels. Some people think that the quickest way to make profits is by selling poor-quality commodities, and this undermines the nation s economy. At the same time, some fake and shoddy goods are bad for people s health. This makes consumers distrust the sellers and the free market in general.In view of the seriousness of this problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out to ban the manufacture and circulation of fake and shoddy goods. At the same time, consumers should be educated to identify sub-standard commodities. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before fake and shoddy goods become things. 英语六级作文必背范文(篇十一)Nowadays, digital media has permeated almost every aspect of our daily life. It is changing the way that individuals, especially young people, learn, play, socialize, and participate in the society.As a result, the function of digital media has turned into a major topic for the public. Some people pay tribute to its positive role as very convenient news sources, being available almost anywhere and anytime. While some people condemn the negative influence it has brought on privacy, morality, and independent thinking, which some people used to have and enjoy. And still others have been fighting between the merits and demerits of digital media for a final conclusion.In my view, digital media is good for us students as it introduces a new way of learning which encourages more interaction and participation rather than rote learning. Besides, digital media makes it easier to produce and share things.英语六级作文必背范文(篇十二)The Importance of Building Trust BetweenTeachers and StudentsA good relationship between a teacher and a studentcan have a major influence on a kid's development, and trust is crucial and indispensable inmaintaining the relationship.To begin with, only when a student believes in his orher teacher is he or she willing to learn from theteacher or look to the teacher for guidance and support. In reality, too many students areweary of study and even drop out of school only because they dislike their teachers, whichmay transform their whole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust of his or her studentsis more motivated to help them improve the consciousness and initiative of learning, whichin turn benefits the students most. However, the credibility between teachers and students isnot something that can be built in a day. On the one hand, teachers should comprehend thestudents' actual demands and offer timely help. On the other hand, students should always berespectful to their teachers.All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effective teaching anlearning.英语六级作文必背范文(篇十三)In recent years, there is a growing concern for the spending craze during graduation. Thefarewell dinners, which once symbolized a celebration of the four-year friendship and the bitterness of pending departure, pose a gigantic financial burden on the graduates.A number of factors can account for such phenomenon, but the following might be the critical ones. Firstly, it’s an undeniable truth that today’s college students tend to spend much more money than before. What’s more, the farewell dinners are held in the name of more and more social groups, such as classes, college societies, dormitories and etc.In my view, the problem mentioned above has bee increasingly severe, so great concern is deserved and effective measures are called for. To begin with, it is essential that the school should attach more importance to teaching the concept of thrift. Secondly, students should enhance their awareness that money never stands for affection. Only with these measures taken, I’m convinced, can the craze of spending during graduation be eased.英语六级作文必背范文(篇十四)When we speak of the ancient Romans, we can't help thrilling at the slaughter in their arenaswhich they took as entertainment. Well, any way, this happened 2, 000 years ago. But aremodern people less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches attract such universal interest? Don't the spectators hope to see some violence?It is really incredible that in this age we should still allow hunting and bull-fighting, that weshould be prepared to sit back and watch two men fight each other in a boxing ring, that weshould be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing andbursting into flames. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A lot of people aredisappointed if a fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen just because they have beendeprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged tor ture and violence .Why should we ban violent sports since people enjoy them so much? The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually andemotionally and this is the 21st century. Tremendous progress has been made in science andtechnology, social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world, and big effortshave been made to increase public wealth. These changes have come about because humanbeings have taken positive steps to change and improve human civilization. If we banneddangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.英语六级作文必背范文(篇十五)ies and innovations are put forward by scientists and other people, thus we attach much importance to protectingthese immaterial things by resorting to intellectual property rights. Although these things are intangible, they are as crucial as the tangible assets we possess. Recently there appear a lot of cases which violate the intellectual property rights and affect the interests of people concerned. How should we deal with this problem?To begin with, measures should be taken to arouse public awareness so that the majority may acquire a comprehensive understanding of this special property. Next, individuals and organizations who enjoy the property must equip themselves with adequate knowledge of related laws and regulations. Once violated, it’s of great importance for them to refer to the useful tools. Last but not least, it’s the governments responsibility to perfect the system of safe guarding.As I see it, intellectual property represents the progress of society, so we should exert ourselves to protect it. And the issue of being violated will be solved ultimately if the above measures can be put into practice.。

杭州市亚运会英文怎么写Chapter 1: IntroductionThe Hangzhou Asian Games, also known as the 19th Asian Games, is a major international multi-sport event that will be held in Hangzhou, China. It is scheduled to take place from September 10 to 25, 2022. As the capital city of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, picturesque landscapes, and vibrant economy. Hosting the Asian Games will not only showcase the city's development but also provide an opportunity to promote sportsmanship, cultural exchange, and friendship among Asian countries.Chapter 2: Preparation for the Hangzhou Asian GamesThe successful organization of a major international event like the Hangzhou Asian Games requires meticulous planning and preparation. The Chinese government and local authorities have been dedicating significant efforts to ensure the smooth execution of the Games. Infrastructure development, such as the construction of stadiums, athlete accommodations, and transportation systems, is well underway. Hangzhou aims to provide top-quality venues and facilities to host the various sports events, including basketball, swimming, football, and athletics.Chapter 3: The Significance of the Hangzhou Asian GamesThe Hangzhou Asian Games carries immense significance for both the city and the participating Asian countries. First and foremost, it promotes the development of sports and encourages theparticipation of athletes from diverse backgrounds. The Games provide a platform for countries to showcase their athletic abilities, fostering a spirit of healthy competition and unity. Moreover, the Asian Games is an excellent opportunity for cultural exchange, with athletes, officials, and spectators from different nations coming together to appreciate and learn from each other's traditions.Chapter 4: Expected Outcomes of the Hangzhou Asian GamesThe Hangzhou Asian Games is expected to have positive impacts on various aspects. In terms of tourism, the Games will attract a significant number of visitors from across Asia, leading to an increase in revenue for the city's hospitality sector. Additionally, the hosting city will experience an economic boost due to increased investment, job creation, and infrastructure development. Furthermore, the Asian Games will contribute to raising awareness about the importance of physical fitness and engage the local population in sports activities, leaving a lasting legacy beyond the event's conclusion.In conclusion, the Hangzhou Asian Games is a highly anticipated event that will bring together athletes, officials, and spectators from all over Asia. With meticulous preparation and the city's commitment to providing top-quality venues and facilities, Hangzhou is poised to host an exceptional Games that will leave a positive impact on sport, culture, and the local economy. The Games will be an opportunity to foster friendships and understanding among nations while promoting sportsmanship and physical wellness within the host city.Chapter 5: Sports andCultural ExchangeThe Hangzhou Asian Games will provide a unique platform for sports and cultural exchange among participating countries. Athletes and officials from different nations will gather in Hangzhou to compete in various sports events, showcasing their skills and talents. This exchange of sporting prowess will not only promote healthy competition but also foster a sense of unity among Asian countries.Apart from sports, the Asian Games will also provide an opportunity for cultural exchange. Each participating country will have the chance to showcase its unique traditions, customs, and cultural performances during the opening and closing ceremonies. Spectators and athletes alike will have the chance to experience the rich heritage and diversity of Asian culture.Additionally, during the Games, cultural exhibitions, and events will be organized to promote intercultural understanding and appreciation. Exhibitions and performances showcasing traditional music, dance, art, and cuisine from different Asian countries will be held, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the vibrant culture of the continent. These cultural exchange activities will not only entertain the spectators but also serve as a means to build connections and foster understanding between different nations.Chapter 6: Legacy of the Hangzhou Asian GamesThe Hangzhou Asian Games is expected to leave a lasting legacy beyond the event itself. One of the most significant legacies is thedevelopment of sports infrastructure. The construction of new stadiums and sports venues will provide long-term benefits to the city by attracting more sports events in the future. This will encourage the local population to engage in physical activities and lead a healthier lifestyle.Furthermore, the Hangzhou Asian Games will raise awareness about the importance of physical fitness and Olympic values. The Games will inspire the younger generation to take up sports and strive for excellence. Special programs and initiatives may be implemented to encourage youth participation in various sports activities, thereby leaving a lasting impact on the development of sports in the region.The Asian Games will also boost tourism in Hangzhou and the surrounding areas. The influx of visitors from across Asia will create opportunities for the hospitality industry, leading to increased revenue and job creation. The improved transportation networks, accommodation options, and leisure facilities will attract more tourists even after the Games are over, contributing to the city's long-term economic growth.Lastly, the Hangzhou Asian Games will strengthen cultural ties and promote understanding among Asian countries. The friendships formed, and the cultural exchanges that take place during the Games will continue to foster cooperation and collaboration in various fields, including trade, education, and diplomacy. The event will serve as a foundation for deeper and more meaningful relationships among the participating nations.Chapter 7: ConclusionThe Hangzhou Asian Games is a highly significant event that will not only showcase the city's development but also promote sportsmanship, cultural exchange, and friendship among Asian countries. Through meticulous planning and preparation, Hangzhou aims to provide top-quality venues and facilities to host the various sports events. The Games will serve as a platform for athletes to compete, showcase their skills, and foster healthy competition. Moreover, cultural exchange activities will allow participants and spectators to appreciate and learn from each other's traditions.The Hangzhou Asian Games is expected to have a positive impact on various aspects, including tourism, the economy, and sports development. The Games will attract visitors from across Asia, leading to increased revenue for the hospitality sector. The economic boost will also result from increased investment, job creation, and infrastructure development. Furthermore, the Games will leave a lasting legacy by promoting physical fitness, engaging the local population in sports activities, and fostering intercultural understanding.Overall, the Hangzhou Asian Games promises to be a monumental event that will not only bring nations together but also leave a lasting impact on the host city and region. It is an exciting opportunity for Hangzhou to showcase its capabilities and cultural richness while promoting the values of sportsmanship and unity among Asian countries.。

Olympic Delivery AuthorityTransport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic GamesSummaryFirst edition October2007moveForeword Delivering the transport needed for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games is a challenge andan opportunity.We need to ensure safe,reliable and accessibletransport for500,000spectators daily from acrossthe UK and overseas,as well as the50,000athletes,officials and media we will host in the summer of2012.We want to do this at the same time as leaving lastingtransport improvements for generations to come.The publication of the Transport Plan marks a yearof significant achievement,during which importantprogress has been made by our transport partners onkey2012schemes.This partnership will be crucial toour future success.Thanks to the strong teamwork thatis in place right across the industry we are on trackto deliver.Together with our partners,we have hit all of ourmilestones in the last12months.Work to treblecapacity at Stratford Regional Station is underway;thetunnels needed to extend the Docklands Light Railwayhave broken through;the first new trains to be used onthe Javelin®shuttle service in2012have arrived in theUK for testing and the high speed rail link they willtravel on,HS1,is ready.With a number of other transport improvements underwayand more to follow before the Beijing Games in2008there are important targets ahead to ensure we maintainthis momentum.We are on track to meet these challengesand are confident of delivering a‘public transport Games’for spectators and a legacy of world­class transport linksfor London and beyond.Vitally important will be the transport for the athletes.We want the athletes who will grace the Olympicand Paralympic stage in2012to have high­qualityservices between accommodation,competition andtraining venues.The key to delivering world­class transport throughout the Games is partnership.The first version of the Transport Plan has been shaped and developed through extensive consultation with industry stakeholders after we published the draft plan one year ago.We will continue to listen carefully to the views of our transport partners as we review and develop our plans on the road to2012.The transport plans for the Games will create a positive legacy,helping transform the Lower Lea Valley into one of the best connected areas in the capital and bringing economic and social benefits that go far beyond2012, and far beyond sport.It is an ambitious vision but one that we can deliver together.The construction of the venues and infrastructure for the London2012Games is funded by the National Lottery through the Olympic Lottery Distributor,the Department for Culture,Media and Sport,the Greater London Authority and the London Development Agency.John ArmittChairmanOlympic Delivery AuthoritySebastian CoeChairLondon2012Organising Committeeof the Olympic and Paralympic GamesForeword Page1–Contents PageLondon2012Olympic and Paralympic Games4The transport strategy for the Games7Getting spectators to the Games13Games venues18The Paralympic Games22Ensuring a sound transport system25London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games The Olympic and Paralympic Games are two of theworld’s greatest sporting events.In the summer of2012,the Games of the XXX Olympiadwill be held in London.Around10,700world­classathletes from more than200nations will compete in theOlympic Games.Over16days of competition,approximately7.7milliontickets will be available for sale for the Olympic Gamesto watch the athletes compete in26sports.On thebusiest days of competition,around800,000tickets areexpected to be sold.Eighteen days after the Olympic Games ClosingCeremony,the sporting action at the Paralympic Gameswill begin.The Paralympic Games provide an arena forcompetition between the world’s top4,200athletes witha disability.In2012,athletes from162countries willcompete in20sports.During the11days of competition,approximately1.5million tickets will be available forsale for the Paralympic Games.The Olympic and Paralympic Games have beendescribed as a country’s largest peacetime logisticaloperation.They present the UK and London with a hugetransport challenge.However,they also provide anopportunity to showcase London and the UK and createa valuable legacy of real and lasting improvements.Olympic Games28July to12August201210,700athletes from205countries26sports and300events7.7million tickets available for saleParalympic Games30August to9September20124,200athletes from162countries20sports and471events1.5million tickets available for salePage4Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionKey dates for Games transportThe London2012Games will be delivered by two organisations:the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games(LOCOG);and the Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA).LOCOG is responsible for preparing for and staging the Games.The ODA is the public body responsible for developing and building the venues and infrastructure for the Games.Athletes and team officials for both Games will live in the Olympic Village,which will open on13July2012, two weeks before the Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.It will serve as the Paralympic Village during the Paralympic Games and will close nearly two months later,after the Paralympic Games Closing Ceremony.Section1:London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games Page5Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic GamesThe London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006requires the Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA)to prepare and keep under review a plan to address transport matters relating to the Games.This first version of the Transport Plan has been produced by the ODA in conjunction with LOCOG.Working in partnershipThe task of delivering a safe,reliable and inclusive transport for the Games impacts on the whole of the UK transport sector.LOCOG and the ODA are working with a wide range of partners to ensure that London2012is remembered as the best connected Games ever.Many stakeholder organisations were involved in the development of the transport strategy.These,and many more,will continue to be involved during the detailed planning and operational phases.Transport for the Games will be delivered through apartnership between the ODA’s Transport team,LOCOGand a number of transport authorities,including:–Transport for London;–Department for Transport;–Highways Agency;–Train Operating Companies;–Network Rail;–London&Continental Railways(LCR),includingUnion Railways(North)–BAA;and–other transport providers,including London boroughsand local authorities and transport operators acrossthe UK.Key client groupsAs part of hosting a successful Olympic and ParalympicGames,the Host City Contract requires the safe andefficient movement of three key groups of people.The Games FamilyTransport for the Olympic Family and Paralympic Family,particularly the athletes,is the top priority.Some50,000Games Family members will require transport on any oneday during the Olympic Games for training,competitionor recreational purposes.SpectatorsAn estimated800,000spectators will use publictransport to travel to the Olympic Games on the busiestday of competition.Every person with a ticket to aLondon2012sports event will be given free publictransport within Greater London for that day.Games workforce–staff,contractors and volunteersThe majority of travel by the Games workforce,which isexpected to grow to100,000by the Games,will be bypublic transport.The Games workforce will be able touse the public transport system within Greater Londonfree of charge.Page6Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionThe transport strategy for the Games The transport strategy for the Games has evolved throughregular stakeholder involvement since the bid stage in2003.This Transport Plan has also developed throughthe responses received during the formal consultationperiod,as well as through the ongoing partnership withthe transport delivery partners and stakeholders.Delivering a fit­for­purpose transport system will be criticalto the success of the Games.The transport strategy focuseson building on London’s existing transport system andinfrastructure and driving a series of transportenhancements to meet transport demand during theGames.Just as importantly,the strategy focuses onproviding a valuable legacy for London and the UKbefore and after the Games.A‘public transport’GamesUnderpinning London2012’s transport strategy is itsambition to host a‘public transport’Games.The aim isfor100per cent of ticketed spectators to travel to theGames by public transport,or by walking or cycling.There will be no private car parking for spectators at anyvenue except for some Blue Badge parking.Existing public transport services will be improved andenhanced in the years before2012and additionalservices will operate during the Games to meet theextra demand.The challenge to get all ticketed spectators to the Gamesby public transport,walking or cycling can only be met iftransport is accessible and inclusive for all.London2012will implement an accessible and inclusive transportnetwork to ensure that everyone,including disabledpeople of all impairments and other people who mayhave difficulties using the transport system,can get tothe Games.The five key objectives of the transport strategy are to:–provide safe,secure,inclusive,fast and reliabletransport for the Olympic Family and ParalympicFamily client groups;–provide frequent,reliable,friendly,inclusive,accessible,environmentally friendly and simpletransport for spectators and visitors from all aroundthe UK and overseas;–leave a positive legacy and facilitate the regenerationof east London;–keep London and the rest of the UK moving during theGames and thus make it a positive experience to hostthe Games;and–achieve maximum value for money for every poundspent on transport.Section2:The transport strategy for the Games Page7Athletes a top priorityLondon2012is required to provide safe,secure and reliable transport for all Games Family client groups (see Figure2.1).The highest transport priority duringthe Games will be the transport services for the Olympic and Paralympic athletes,as it is essential the athletescan arrive in good time at their training and competition venues.Athletes,accredited media,technical officials and Marketing Partners(sponsors)will all be provided with their own bespoke transport services to meet their different transport requirements.To support further seamless Games Family transport,an Olympic Route Network(ORN)will be implemented(see Figure2.2).This will comprise a network of roads linking all the competition and key non­competition venues.It will be used to transport the Olympic Family quickly and securely between accommodation areas,all competition venues and other venues,such as arrival airports.In general,the roads will still be available for use by alltraffic during the Games.However,some traffic laneswill be reserved for Games vehicles on the busiestsections of the ORN.Following the Olympic Games,the ORN will bescaled down to form the Paralympic Route Networkand facilitate efficient transport services for theParalympic Family.Keeping London and the UK movingThe implementation of the Transport Plan will ensurethat increased demand for transport services during theGames has a minimal impact on existing transportnetworks and commuters’regular journeys within London.It will also ensure that spectators can easily get to andfrom London from across the UK,and to competitionvenues that are located outside of London,such as thevenues for the Football competition.As part of the transport strategy,an Olympic TransportOperations Centre(OTOC)will be established tomanage all modes of transport for the Games Family,spectators,workforce,and for all those travelling forreasons unconnected with the Games.This will helpTransport for London,other transport operators,thepolice,local authorities and those running the Gamesto keep London and the UK moving.Page8Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionFigure2.1Games Family client groupsCreating a lasting and positive legacyThe ODA aims to implement a Transport Plan that will produce benefits which reach beyond simply delivering transport during the Games.The ODA is committed to providing a legacy of new transport infrastructure, enhanced and new public transport services,training and employment opportunities in the transport sector,and to regenerating east London.The implementation of the Transport Plan will provide benefits in two ways.The first is to enhance or accelerate existing transport schemes–for example,co­funding22 of an additional55rail cars to increase capacity on the Docklands Light Railway.For other schemes,such as the upgrade of Stratford Regional Station,the ODA is funding the full scheme so that benefits can be enjoyed before,during and after2012.Other important benefits after the Games will include:–a network of new and upgraded walking and cyclingroutes,and an increased awareness about the benefitsof walking and cycling asa healthy means of travel;–improvements to key stations to enable disabled peopleof all impairments to use public transport networks moreeasily;and–more people choosing public transport when travellingto or within London and the UK,and to future events.Section2:The transport strategy for the Games Page9Weymouthand PortlandPage10Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionMaximum value for moneyIn order to meet immovable deadlines and to achieve the best value for money,the ODA will maximise the use of existing transport infrastructure and services,and will build new infrastructure only where it is essential and leaves an appropriate legacy.Wherever possible and where there is no cost­effective legacy,temporary solutions will be used to meet temporary peaks in travel demand generated by the Games.The ODA will use existing expertise and processes to deliver the new transport solutions needed.In addition to creating cost efficiencies by identifying legacy opportunities,the transport strategy seeks to bring forward where possible planned transport infrastructure or investment in services so that passengers may enjoy the benefits earlier.Sustainable transportLondon2012has made a commitment to be the first‘sustainable’Games,setting new standards for majorevents.Sustainability principles were incorporated intothe development of the transport strategy for the Gamesfrom the start of the planning process.The following areexamples of these principles:–All ticketed spectators will travel to competition venuesby non­car modes.–The transport strategy makes best use of existinginfrastructure.–The need for transition between the Olympic Gamesand Paralympic Games has been minimised.–A compact Games means that the need for travelis reduced.–The promotion of the‘Active Spectator Programme’.London2012is committed to working with stakeholders tomaximise the economic,social,health,environmental andsporting benefits the Games bring to the UK and London.For example,the‘Active Spectator Programme’is beingdeveloped to promote active and healthy travel modes,such as walking and cycling,across London and the UK.To help minimise the amount of carbon dioxide emissionsrelated to Games transport,the Olympic Park will be aLow­Emission Zone(LEZ)during the Games.This is anindependent LOCOG initiative that requires emissionlevels to be even lower than the Greater London LEZlevels and extends to smaller passenger vehicles,such ascars.Only vehicles under five years old and which meetthe predetermined London2012emissions standards willbe allowed to enter the Olympic Park.Section2:The transport strategy for the Games Page11–Getting spectators to the Games A wide range of schemes are proposed to enhancetransport networks across the UK and London to meet thetravel demand generated by the Games.The transportstrategy will build on and maximise existing transportnetworks,infrastructure and assets.It will also utilisefuture transport networks that are planned to be inplace by2012.Major schemes for the Olympic ParkRail,including National Rail services,LondonUnderground and Docklands Light Railway services,will play a key part in delivering spectators and Gamesworkforce and volunteers to competition venues andcultural events across the UK and London.Three stations–Stratford Regional Station,Stratford International Stationand West Ham Station–have been identified as keyaccess points to the Olympic Park.A total of12differentrail services will run through these stations.Stratford Regional StationStratford Regional Station is a major public transportinterchange that allows passengers from east of Londonto travel to Canary Wharf without travelling into centralLondon,as well as providing interchange opportunitiesfor passengers using National Rail and Undergroundservices from central London.Currently,Regional Station in the morning peak period.By2012,this number is forecast to rise to55,000.An additional63,000spectators are expected to use the station eachmorning during the Games,bringing the number ofpeople passing through Stratford in the morning peakperiod to118,000.The ODA­funded improvements to Stratford RegionalStation are already underway.By2012theseenhancements,which are part of a wider package ofimprovements,will include:–nine new lifts to make all station platforms fullyaccessible;–re­opening a disused subway to create additionalaccess to platforms and make it easier to changebetween rail,Underground and Docklands LightRailway services;–a new westbound Central Line platform;–lengthened and wider platforms to increasecapacity;and–a new station entrance at mezzanine level to improvethe flow of passengers.37,000passengers pass throughStratford Section3:Getting spectators to the Games Page137Seven Number of minutes it will take to travel from St. Pancras International to the Olympic Park using the Javelin ® shuttle service. Fifteen Frequency in seconds of trains serving the Olympic Park 1.5 million Number of tickets available for sale for the Paralympic Games 7.7 million Number of tickets available for sale for the Olympic Games 118,000 Number of people passing through Stratford Regional Station in the morning peak period during the Games Up to 25,000 The hourly capacity of the Javelin ® shuttle service that will transport people to and from Stratford International Station Up to 240,000 Hourly capacity of the rail system servicing the Olympic Park during the Games Up to 800,000 Number of spectators who will use public transport totravel to the Olympic Games on the busiest day of competition151.5million 7.7million 118,000 Up to 25,000Up to 240,000 Up to 800,000Stratford International StationDuring the Olympic Games,a high­speed rail shuttle service–the Javelin®–will operate from St.Pancras International Station to Stratford International Station and then on to Ebbsfleet in Kent.This temporary Games­time service will be one of the transport centrepieces forthe Games.It will run from St.Pancras International to Stratford International in seven minutes,with a service frequency of up to ten trains per hour.Spectators travelling on Eurostar services,which will not stop at Stratford International Station during the Games,will use the Javelin®service to complete their journey to the Olympic Park.North London LineThe North London Line will undergo two significant changes before2012.The first is that the section ofthe line between Stratford Regional Station and Canning Town Station will be converted from National Rail to Docklands Light Railway operationand extended from Stratford Regional Station toStratford International Station.The second change is that new terminating platformswill be constructed for the North London Line atStratford Regional Station.The existing North London LineNational Rail services to the north from Stratfordwill become part of the Transport for London,NorthLondon Railway(‘London Overground’)concessionfrom November2007.As a result,there will be four new stations on theDocklands Light Railway network:Star Lane,AbbeyRoad,Stratford High Street and Stratford International.The converted route will also serve the existing stationsat Canning Town,West Ham and Stratford Regional.New Docklands Light Railway services will run betweenStratford International and Woolwich Arsenal stations,and between Stratford International and Beckton stations.Docklands Light RailwayThe Docklands Light Railway(DLR)currently providesa highly accessible transport service in east London.Capacity on the DLR service will be increased througha2.6km track extension from King George V Station toWoolwich Arsenal and through the procurement of anadditional55rail cars.Other plans include a number of enhancements that werealready being developed by DLR,including infrastructureworks to allow for three­car trains on most of the existingDLR network by2009.Three­car trains will increasecapacity on the Bank–Lewisham line by50per cent atpeak times.Due to the nature and location of the DLRsystem,the proposed enhancements will benefit boththe Olympic Park and River Zone venues,as well ascontributing to the delivery of the rail strategy for theCentral Zone and cultural events.Page16Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionOther rail enhancementsA range of other temporary and permanent station enhancements are planned that will provide benefits to people using the rail network during the Games.For example,temporary and permanent lifts are being constructed at Prince Regent Station to enable the circulation of spectators between the platforms and the ExCeL venue.Permanent enhancements include the refurbishment of St.John’s Wood Station and the modernisation of Highbury&Islington station.Mode specific schemesWalking and cyclingPromoting sustainability is at the heart of the transport strategy,and walking and cycling play an important role in supporting this objective.The Active Spectator Programme will ensure that spectators are encouraged to walk and cycle to venues. This will also help to raise awareness about the benefits of walking and cycling as a mode of transport,and help increase the number of walking and cycling journeys across London as a whole.Local bus,coach,taxi,and river and canal servicesThe ODA is working with Transport for London,therelevant local authorities and trade representatives todefine the role that bus,coach,taxi and river and canalservices will play to help deliver the transport strategy.For example,discussions will be required todetermine the location of bus and coach stops andtaxi drop­off/pick­up points,and service patternsduring the Games.Bus and rail park and ride servicesTwo types of park and ride services are planned;onecoach­based and the other rail­based,and each one willserve different spectator demand.Park and rail serviceswill operate from Ebbsfleet to Stratford InternationalStation using the Javelin®service.During the bid stage,two large coach­based park andride sites located close to the M25and M11wereproposed.Analysis has since suggested the long­termbenefits and use of these schemes would be low andso alternative arrangements are being investigated.Dedicated,temporary,local park and ride servicesare proposed for spectators at the Wimbledon,Weymouth and Portland,and Eton Dorney venues.In addition,the need for temporary park and rideservices to serve Broxbourne and Weald CountryPark will be investigated.Section3:Getting spectators to the Games Page17Games venues Competition venuesThe2012Olympic Games will be staged at33competition venues within London and the UK,asshown in Figures4.1and4.2.Venue transport plansDuring the bid stage,a venue transport plan was createdfor each competition venue.London2012is continuingto review and develop the detail of these plans,whichmay undergo significant changes before2012.TheInternational Olympic Committee requires a VenueOperating Plan to be produced for each venueapproximately two years before the Games.The ODA and LOCOG will continue to work with venueoperators and other stakeholders to develop robustvenue transport plans.Crowd movementThe Games will generate large numbers of spectatorstravelling to competition venues.This will createconsiderable volumes of pedestrian crowd movement atvenues,on the transport systems and on the approachesto venues.Careful analysis is being undertaken for all competitionvenues in relation to key transport interchanges to ensurethat the predicted levels of crowd movement can besafely accommodated and managed.Non­competition venuesA series of non­competition venues will be used during the Games.These include:–the Olympic Village;–other accommodation for athletes and team officialsat Weymouth and Portland and at Royal Holloway College;–the International Broadcast Centre/Main Press Centre (IBC/MPC)in the Olympic Park,which will house an estimated20,000members of the media for the Olympic Games and10,000media for the Paralympic Games;–training venues;–hotel accommodation in central London for Games Family members,including the International Olympic Committee and International Paralympic Committee members,and the media;and–airports for arrivals and departures to and fromthe UK.Transport services will be provided to serve thesenon­competition venues.Venue transport plans that outline the specific transport arrangements for each venue will be produced.Page18 Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionSection4:Games venues Page19Page20Summary Transport Plan for the London2012Olympic and Paralympic Games–first editionThe Paralympic Games will be hosted at 17 competition venues, which will be mainly concentrated in the Olympic Park and River Zone, as seen in Figure 5.1. It is expected that more than 1.5 million spectators will travel to the Olympic Park and River Zone to watch the Games. The Paralympic Games will be held over 11 days and the sporting action will start 18 days after the Olympic Games Closing Ceremony. An integrated approach to transport planning for both Games has been adopted. This will minimise the need for transition works between the two Games and achieve the best value for money. As for the Olympic Games, the transport strategy for ticketed spectators to the Paralympic Games is founded on the principle that public transport, walking and cycling will be the main modes of transport for spectators. Spectators with a valid event ticket will be entitled to free public transport within Greater London on the day of the event. In many respects, the transport challenge and strategy for the Paralympic Games are similar to the Olympic Games with some important differences: – providing safe, reliable and accessible transport for more than 16,500 Paralympic Family members each day; The ParalympicGames – provide for disabled people of all impairments; – providing appropriate transport for approximately 2,500 Paralympic Family members, including athletes, who use a wheelchair for daily living; – maintaining a high level of security for the Paralympic Family and spectators, while satisfying the access requirements for all; – ensuring that transport is available for up to 160,000 spectators each day during the Games; and – providing high­capacity, accessible transport, to cater for approximately 15–20 per cent of spectators (24,000 to 32,000) who are expected to have specific access needs. The ticketing arrangement for the Paralympic Games will be different from the Olympic Games. The majority of tickets will be sold as ‘open day’ passes, allowing entrance to any events held on that day. In addition, a significant number of spectators will be schoolchildren who are likely to arrive by coach. Transporting equipment Paralympic athletes use a variety of specialist equipment, both for daily living and for sporting activities. This includes wheelchairs, throwing platforms and tandem bicycles, as well as spare parts and maintenance equipment. This equipment will need to be transported to venues, and extra time and resources will be required to load equipment into vehicles. ensuring that Paralympic Family transportservices Page 22 Summary Transport Plan for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games – first edition。

九年级英语阅读理解30题：激烈的竞争挑战1<背景文章>In modern society, competition is everywhere. Whether it is in the workplace or in academic fields, people are facing intense competition.In the workplace, the number of job seekers often far exceeds the number of available positions. Companies are constantly looking for the most talented and efficient employees. With the development of globalization and the rapid progress of technology, the requirements for employees are getting higher and higher. People need to have a wide range of knowledge, excellent skills, and strong adaptability to survive in this competitive environment. For example, in the IT industry, new technologies emerge in an endless stream. Programmers need to keep learning new programming languages and algorithms to keep up with the pace of the industry.In academic fields, students also face fierce competition. There are a large number of students competing for limited educational resources. In order to enter a good university or get a scholarship, students have to study hard, get high scores in various exams, and participate in various extracurricular activities to enrich their resumes. The competition among students not only comes from classmates in the same school but also fromstudents all over the world.The intense competition has a great impact on people's psychology and life. On the one hand, it brings a lot of pressure. People may feel anxious, worried, and even lose confidence because of the fear of failure. On the other hand, it also has a positive impact. It can stimulate people's potential, make people more self - disciplined, and improve their ability to solve problems.To deal with the competition, people need to adopt some strategies. First of all, people should have a correct attitude towards competition. Competition is not the end, but a means to promote personal growth. Secondly, people should continuously improve their own abilities. They can participate in training courses, read books, and communicate with others to expand their knowledge and skills. Finally, people should also pay attention to their physical and mental health. Appropriate rest and relaxation can help people relieve stress and better face competition.1. What is the main idea of this article?A. The importance of competition in modern society.B. The phenomenon, reasons, impacts and coping strategies of intense competition in different fields.C. The negative impacts of competition on people.D. How to succeed in competition.答案：B。

1. Thanks for reform and opening-up policy, the past twenty years witnessed the past development of society/economy/culture, but it leads to a host of serious problems like_____.(Of course, we have happily seen the progress like _______). There are many reasons/advantages responsible for this situation, and the followings are the typical ones. For one thing, with the development of ____, _____ has been ______ in our daily life. For another thing, it is undoubted that______. Last but not least, the most important one is that we could (not) give enough attention to such phenomenon. This phenomenon will bring about a lot of good/bad impacts, and the important ones are just as following. First and foremost, if we let this situation go as it is, ____ has been (seriously/pleasantly) affected to some extent. The last but most important ones is that ____ will (gravely/ joyfully) influence other aspects of our life, including economy, education, culture and so on. The effective solution to this problem depends on the efforts made by both the government and ordinary people. On the one hand, the government should make a proper policy concerning ___; on the other hand, the ordinary people should enhance the awareness of the importance of ______. According to the above evidence, at the risking of sounding too simplistic and arbitrary, I bravely draw a conclusion that_______. A bright future will be waiting for us if ________________.Only in this way, can we construct our harmonious society. 2. Thanks for reform and opening-up policy, the past twenty years witnessed the past development of society/economy/culture, Of course, we have happily seen the progress like the traveling by train, which is popular now. There are many advantages responsible for this situation, and the followings are the typical ones. For one thing, we can see many beautiful scenes by train. Last but not least, the most important one is that traveling by train can spare some money. This phenomenon will bring about a lot of bad impacts, and the important ones are just as following. The sanitary situation is not good and we will cost more time on the way of traveling. According to the above evidence, at the risking of sounding too simplistic and arbitrary, I bravely draw a conclusion that I will travel by train if I have a chance. 3. Thanks for reform and opening-up policy, the past twenty years witnessed the past development of society/economy/culture, Of course, we have happily seen the progress like the good change in my hometown. This phenomenon will bring about a lot of good impacts, and the important ones are just as following. First and foremost, our city is a clean little town. Furthermore, life is good for most of the people in our city and most of the people are rich. The last but most important ones are that we are living in bright, healthy room in new buildings. According to the above evidence, at the risking of sounding too simplistic and arbitrary, I bravely draw a conclusion that our city is more and more beautiful. A bright future will be waiting for us if we continue to develop our city. Only in this way, can we construct our harmonious society. 4. Thanks for reform and opening-up policy, the past twenty years witnessed the past development of society/economy/culture, but it leads to a host of serious problems like the fake commodities. There are many reasons responsible for this situation, and the followings are the typical ones. For one thing, with the development of economy, making money has been very important in our daily life. For another thing, it is undoubted that we ignore honesty. Last but not least, the most important one is that we could not give enough attention to such phenomenon. The effective solution to this problem depends on the efforts made by both the government and ordinary people. On the one hand, the government should make a proper policy concerning dealing with the fake commodities; on the other hand, the ordinary people should enhance the awareness of the importance of buying the real commodities. 5. Thanks for reform and opening-up policy, the past twenty years witnessed the past development of economy and culture, of course, we have happily seen the progress like going abroad for further education. Going abroad will make us contact with some latest educational fruits and knowledge, which will advance our studying and works and so on. But, going abroad will give us some inconvenient things, such as living, communicating, language and other things like that. According to the point of view, going abroad will bring about a lot of good impacts, and the important ones are just as following. First and foremost, if we can go abroad, we will greatly enhance our studying and learn a lot of knowledge from the famous universities and professors. The last but most important ones is that going abroad will joyfully influence other aspects of our life, including economy, education, culture and so on. According to the above evidence, at the risking of sounding too simplistic and arbitrary, I bravely draw a conclusion that going abroad will give us much more advantages. However, I want to say, every one who will go abroad, must go back for contributing our energy and efforts into Chinese constructing. Only in this way, can we construct our harmonious society. 6. The old saying said that, “life is short, but time is precious.” Every one in school should know that, the time in our universities is even shorter in our life. We will quickly spend 3 or 4 years during this time. Therefore, how to make full use of our time in school? There are many plans responsible for this situation, and the followings are the typical ones. For one thing, we should study harder and harder in our major. For another thing, it is undoubted that we will learn more knowledge from outside the book, such as computer and foreign language. Last but not least, we are going to comprehensively develop our ability and become the pillars of our country.