完整版英语语法反义疑问句专项讲解
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(完整版)反义疑问句用法归纳反意疑问句用法完全归纳一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。
陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语,是吗?He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?【注】1. 若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, few, nothing等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯式:He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说,是不是?2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,不是吗?It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的,是吗?二、反意疑问句的主语问题1. 基本原则:疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词:Mary is a nurse, isn’t she? 玛丽是护士,对吗?2. 当陈述部分为there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there作“主语”:There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有,是吗?3. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时,疑问部分用it, they等代词:That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车,是吗?4. 当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时,若陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到,是吗?5.当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗?Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的,不是吗?三、陈述部分有动词have的反意疑问句1. 当have 为助动词时,其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词:He has already left, hasn’t he? 他已经离开了,是吗?2. 当 have 为实意动词时,要分两种情况:①若表示“所有”,反意疑问句可以用have,也可以用do:He has a lot of friends here, hasn’t [doesn’t] he? 他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗?但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式,反意疑问句用have 还是用do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:He hasn’t any money, has he? 他没有钱,是吗?He doesn’t have any money, does he? 他没有钱,是吗?②若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思,反意疑问句要用do:He has supper at 5, doesn’t he? 他5点吃晚餐,是吗?He had a good time at the party, didn’t he? 他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?3. 当用于have to时,通常也有两种可能:若表示经常性的行为,则多用加助动词do的形式;若表示特定的行为,则多用have:He often has to get up early, doesn’t he? 他经常要早起,是吗?H e has to go to bed late tonight, hasn’t he? 他今晚要迟睡,是吗?四、含情态动词的反意疑问句1. 基本原则:在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:He can speak English, can’t he?他会说英语,是吗?We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去,对不对?2. 当陈述部分含有must时,要分两种情况:①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用mustn’t或needn’t:You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止,疑问部分要must:You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑,知道吗?②若must表示推测,疑问部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了,是吗?五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1. 基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you:Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们,好吗?Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去,好吗?Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。
英语提高班学习资料(1)---初中英语语法之反义疑问句注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种,它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问,形式上是一个省略问句,附加在陈述句后,即:陈述句+逗号+省略问句+问号You are from America,aren’t you?注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则(但在祈使句等一些特殊句子中需注意,详细见注意七)Jim isn’t in Class Four,is he?注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同Mr Zhang has been here for four years,h asn’t he?注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记)1.this或that改it,无论是否指人This is your brother,isn’t it?2.these或those改theyThose are books,aren’t they?3.不定代词one改one或heOne can’t be always young,can one/he ?4.something、anything、everything和nothing改itNothing is serious,is it?(注意为什么后面用is it而不是isn’t it?)真的不掉线吗??、????????????Everything seems all right,doesn’t it ?5.everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they 或he(任选,但选定后注意单复数形式)真的不掉线吗??、????????????Everyone knows this,don’t they/does n’t he?Nobody likes to lose money,does he?(这里最好用he)6.each of改he或theyEach of the boys had an apple,didn’t h e/they?7.no one,none,neither,either改they或heNo one came,did they?8.some of…、none of…改it、they或you(联系上下文或句子)None of the food was delicious,was it ?Some of the dustmen have e back,haven ’t they?9.由neither…nor…、not only…but also、both…and…、either…or…、not…but…、…or…、…and…等连接的并列主语,改复数代词Neither you nor I am wrong,are we?Both Tom and Jack came,didn’t they?10.由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语,改itTo learn English well isn’t easy,is i t?Swimming is great fun,isn’t it?真的不掉线吗??、????????????11.the+形容词表示一类人,改复数代词The poor had no right(权力)to speak at the time,did they?12.there引起的句子(There be句型等),仍用thereThere stands a house and a lot of tree s,doesn’t there?There are many children in the park,a ren’t there?注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记)(初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解)1.have(有)改have或doMary has two brothers,doesn’t she/has n’t she?2.have(有)必须与陈述部分一致He hasn’t a lot of time,has he?Miss Green doesn’t have any money in her pocket,does she?3.have不做“有”解释,必须用doThey all have a good time,don’t they?4.have to用do或haveWe have to get up early,don’t we/have n’t we?5.have got to用haveWe have got to answer all the questions ,haven’t we?6.had better用should或hadWe had better go right now,shouldn’t we /hadn’t we?真的不掉线吗??、????????????7.can’t(不可能,表示推测)根据can’t 或的动词选择相应的形式He can’t be a doctor,is he?The workers can’t have finished their w ork,have they?8.may用may+主语+not(英语中不用mayn’t)They may be here next week,may they not ?9.must(必须)用needn’tYou must do it today,needn’t you?10.must(应该)用mustn’tI must study hard,mustn’t I?11.mustn’t用must或mayYou mustn’t talk like that,must you?We mustn’t stay here any longer,must we ?12.“must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理2反义疑问句He must be happy,isn’t he?He must be working hard at the office,i sn’t he?must表示推测时,也有用mustn’t的He must have been working very hard,mu stn’t he?You must have told Mr Wang the secret,m ustn’t you?真的不掉线吗??、????????????13.“must+完成时”表示对过去情况的推测,作一般过去时附加疑问句处理He must have e yesterday,didn’t he?You must have seen the play last week,d idn’t you?14.“must+完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理You must have studied English for year s,haven’t you?He must have lived here for at least t en years,hasn’t he?14.实义动词need和dear用doHe needs help,doesn’t he?I have never dared to ask him,have I?15.情态动词need和dear用need和dearHe dare not say so,dare he?We need not do it again,need we?16.needn’t用need或mustYou needn’t go yet,need you?He needn’t do that,must he?17.“would rather+动词原形”和“would like to+动词原形”用wouldn’tHe would rather read the text ten time s than recite it,wouldn’t he?You’d like to have some bananas,would n’t you?18.“ought to+动词原形”用oughtn’t或shouldn’t真的不掉线吗??、????????????The child ought to be punished,oughtn’t he?We ought to go there,shouldn’t we?19.“used to+动词原形”用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t+主语”或“used+主语+not”He used to live in London,usedn’t he/ didn’t he?He used to play football when he was a c hild,used he not?注意六、句子中有seldom,hardly,no,not,never,few,little ,nothing,nobody,nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式Nobody phoned while I was out,did the y?He is hardly able to swim,is he?There is little ink in your pen,is th ere?no one,nobody,none,nothing,neither 等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式)He has nothing to say,does(n’t)he?You got nothing from him,did(n’t)you ?注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句1.I am…改aren’t II am your friend,aren’t I?2.I wish to do sth或I wish I…改may II wish to go home,may I?I wish I were you,may I?真的不掉线吗??、????????????3.主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致He says that I did it,doesn’t he?David wouldn’t go there if it rained, would he?4.并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致Mary is a nice girl,but she had one sh ort-ing,hadn’t she?5.表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则e here,will you?Turn off the light,will you?Do sit down,will you?6.表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句,用will you、can you、would you或can’t you、won’t youStop talking,can you?Write down the new words,will you/w on’t you?7.否定的祈使句用will you或can youDon’t make a noise,will/can you?8.Let me…用will you或may ILet me help you,may I?Let me do it,will you?9.Let’s…表示建议包括听话人在内,用shall we真的不掉线吗??、????????????Let’s go for a walk,shall we?10.let us…表示允许,不包括听话人在内,用will youLet us do it by ourselves,will you?11.Let接第三人称宾语时用will youLet him e in,will you?12.Let’s not…用OK或all rightLet’s not go to the party,OK/all rig ht?13.感叹句用一般现在时be的形式(故事中用一般过去时be的形式)What fine weather,isn’t it?How clever the boy is,isn’t he?How hard she works,isn’t she?反义疑问句练习题目:1.Linda ate nothing this morning,___?A.didn’t sheB.was sheC.did sheD.wa sn’t she2.There’s hardly___milk in the bottle ,_____there?A.no,isn’tB.some,isC.little,isn’tD.any,is3.He has never ridden a horse before,_ __?A.does heB.has heC.hasn’t heD.does n’t he4.—He seldom came here,_____?—Yes sir.真的不掉线吗??、????????????A.didn’t heB.does heC.doesn’t heD. did he5.Everything seems all right,_____?A.does itB.don’t theyC.won’t itD.d oesn’t it7.One can’t be too modest,can_____?A.oneB.heC.itD.we8.No one failed in the exam,_____?A.was heB.did oneC.did theyD.didn’t he10.Neither you nor I am a artist,_____ ?A.am IB.aren’t weC.are weD.ain’t I11.He can’t be her father,_____he?A.isB.isn’tC.canD.can’t12.They have no time to visit the museu m,_____?A.do theyB.haven’t theyC.don’t theyD.will they14.You’d better go at once,_____you?A.hadn’tB.didC.didn’tD.don’t15.You’d rather work than play,_____y ou?A.hadn’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.mustn’t16.You dare not do that,_____you?A.don’tB.doC.dareD.daren’t18.He dislikes the two subjects,_____ he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.isD.isn’t19.These tools are useless now,_____ ?A.are theyB.aren’t theyC.is itD.is n’t it20.He used to get up at6:30,_____he?A.didn’t heB.did heed heD.woul dn’t he22.He ought to win the first prize,___ ____he?A.mustn’tB.oughtn’tC.shouldn’tD.B oth B and C.23.Let’s go there by bus,___?A.will youB.shall weC.don’t youD.w ill you24.Let us go to play football,___?A.will youB.shall weC.do weD.are w e25.Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water,___?A.will youB.shall weC.won’t youD.d o you26.—Let’s go shopping this afternoon ,_____?—All right.A.will weB.shall weC.don’t weD.are we27.—Pass me the dictionary,_____?—Yes,with pleasure.A.would youB.will youC.won’t youD. wouldn’t you30.There is little water in the glass, ____?A.isn’t thereB.isn’t itC.is itD.is there32.There won’t be any concert this Satu rday evening,_____?A.will there notB.will thereC.is th ereD.won’t33.—I guess she taught herself Japan ese,______?—Yes.A.don’t IB.did sheC.do ID.didn’t sh e34.I don’t believe you are right,_____ ?A.are youB.do youC.won’t youD.do35.She doesn’t think that Tom sings bes t in the class,_____?A.does sheB.doesn’t sheC.does heD. doesn’t he37.I know you didn’t want to hurt me,_ ____?A.did youB.didn’t youC.do ID.don’t I38.If my father were here,he would be very happy,_____?A.weren’t heB.were heC.wouldn’t he D .would heKey:1—5CDBDD6—10BACDC11—15AABA B16—20CCBBA21—25CDBAA26—30BBBAD31—35BBDAA36—38AAC真的不掉线吗??、????????????II. 形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则A. 三级的形成形容词可用来表达三种不同的程度:1. 原级用在描述与比较对象之间的性质相同。
英语反义疑问句详解英语反义疑问句详解英语反义疑问句是一种特殊的问句形式,它通常由一个陈述句和一个反义问句构成。
反义疑问句常用于询问对方是否同意或不同意陈述句的内容。
下面详细解释英语反义疑问句的用法。
反义疑问句的构成英语反义疑问句由两个部分组成:一个陈述句和一个反义问句。
陈述句一般是一个简单句,而反义问句则是由一个助动词或情态动词+主语+其他组成的疑问句。
例如: - You don’t like coffee, do you? - She will come, won’t she?助动词和情态动词在英语反义疑问句中,常用的助动词和情态动词包括:do、does、did、am、is、are、was、were、has、have、had、can、could、will、would、shall、should、may、might、must等。
助动词和情态动词的选择根据陈述句的时态和情态来决定。
例如,如果陈述句是一般现在时,通常使用do或does作为助动词;如果陈述句是一般过去时,则使用did作为助动词;如果陈述句是一般将来时,则使用will作为助动词。
主语和其他反义疑问句中的主语和其他成分与陈述句保持一致。
如果陈述句的主语是第一人称(I)、第二人称(you)或不具体的第三人称(everyone、nothing等),则在反义问句中保持不变。
如果陈述句的主语是第三人称具体的名词或代词,则在反义问句中使用相应的人称代词。
例如: - She likes ice cream, doesn’t she? - They don’t have a car, do they?疑问部分的调整在英语反义疑问句中,疑问部分的词序通常与一般疑问句相同,即助动词或情态动词在主语之前。
但是,如果陈述句中已经包含了助动词或情态动词,疑问部分只需省略即可。
例如: - She is reading a book, isn’t she? - They can’t swim, can they?对陈述句的确认或否定英语反义疑问句常用于对陈述句的内容进行确认或否定。
反义疑问句【反义疑问句】(一)概念:反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。
其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
(二)要点注意:1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是:“肯定陈述+否定疑问"或“否定陈述+肯定疑问"。
2、简略问句如果是否定式:not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写.3、简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词。
4、陈述部分含“too...to"时,是否定句。
(三)用法:1)陈述部分I am时,疑问部分要用aren’t I.I'm as tall as your sister,aren’t I?(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)2)陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little,seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
如:The old man made no answer,did he?Jim is never late for school,is he?3) 陈述部分有情态动词have to +v。
(had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn’t +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow,don’t we?used to,疑问部分用didn’t +主语或usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he?/ usedn’t he?had better(最好)+ v。
疑问句部分用hadn’t you?You’d better read it by yourself, hadn't you?4) 陈述部分有would rather(宁可、宁愿)+v。
,疑问部分多用wouldn’t +主语.He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldn’t he?5 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
反义疑问句的语法解析反义疑问句是英语中常用的一种问句形式,由一个肯定或否定的陈述句和一个附加问句构成。
通常,陈述部分的形式是简单句,而附加问句则由助动词、情态动词或系动词以及主语构成。
在反义疑问句中,陈述部分和附加问句的形式及意义相反,用来表示询问对方的看法、确认事实或邀请对方赞同。
一、陈述部分与附加问句的一致性在反义疑问句中,陈述部分和附加问句的一致性是十分重要的。
如果陈述部分是肯定的,附加问句应该是否定的;如果陈述部分是否定的,附加问句应该是肯定的。
例如:1. You haven't seen the movie, have you?(你没有看过这部电影,是吗?)2. She is a good singer, isn't she?(她是一个好歌手,不是吗?)反义疑问句的一致性原则旨在通过附加问句对前面的陈述进行确认或邀请对方表达同意。
二、主要使用助动词和情态动词的反义疑问句助动词和情态动词是构成反义疑问句最常用的词类,它们在疑问句中的运用有所不同。
以下分别对助动词和情态动词的反义疑问句进行探讨。
1. 助动词的反义疑问句助动词常用于反义疑问句的构成,根据英语时态和语气的不同,使用的助动词也会有所变化。
比如:1. He is playing soccer, isn't he?(他在踢足球,是吗?)2. She can speak French, can't she?(她会说法语,对吗?)助动词的选择应与陈述部分一致,并且要根据陈述部分的时态和语气来确定是否需要进行时态的转换。
2. 情态动词的反义疑问句情态动词也经常用于构成反义疑问句,常见的情态动词包括can、could、will、would、shall、should、may、might等。
例如:1. You should study hard, shouldn't you?(你应该努力学习,对吗?)2. He might go to the party, mightn't he?(他可能会去参加派对,不是吗?)情态动词的选择要根据陈述部分的意义和语境来确定,以保持整个句子的逻辑和语用准确。
初中英语语法反义疑问句讲解及提升练习中考反义疑问句即附加疑问句。
它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1、陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2、陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式They work hare, don’t they?She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?You didn’t go, did you?He can’t ride a bike, can he?请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法:1、当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时,后面的疑问句应表示为: I ama student, aren’t IEveryone is in the classroom, aren’t they?Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?Nobody will go, will they?2. 当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时,后面的疑问句则表示为:There are few apples in the basket, are there?He can hardly swim, can he?They seldom come late, do they? 3. 当陈述部分是I think 加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。
I think chickens can swim, can’t they?I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?I didn't think he was happy, was he? 4. 陈述部分有had better 时,疑问句应用hadn’t开头:you’d better get up early, hadn’t you?5.当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?Let us go our for a walk, will you? Turn on the radio, will you? 6.反义疑问句的回答用yes,no,但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。
中考初中反义疑问句讲解反意疑问句专题一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。
陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语,是吗?He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?【注】1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ,little,nobody,seldom等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯定式:He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说,是不是?2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,不是吗?It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的,是吗?3. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时,疑问部分仍用there作“主语”:There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有,是吗?4. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词(this ,that ,these ,those)时,疑问部分用it, t hey等代词:That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车,是吗?5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时,若陈述部分的主语为somebody,someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到,是吗?6.当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗?Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的,不是吗?二、含情态动词的反意疑问句1. 基本原则:在通常情况下,当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:He can speak English, can’t he?他会说英语,是吗?We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去,对不对?2. 当陈述部分含有must时,要分两种情况:①若must表示“必须”或“有必要”,疑问部分用mustn’t 或needn’t:You must leave at onc e, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开,是吗?但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止,疑问部分要must:You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑,知道吗?②若must表示推测,疑问部分不能用must,而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:He must be tired,isn’t he? 他一定累了,是吗?三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1. 基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句,疑问部分通常用will you:Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们,好吗?Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去,好吗?Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。
反义疑问句 一、反义疑问句 又叫附加疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。 1. 陈述部分为肯定式 + 疑问部分为否定式 (如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式) e.g. She was ill yesterday, wasn't she? Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he? 2. 陈述部分为否定式 + 疑问部分为肯定式 (陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。) e.g. He can't ride a bike, can he? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
二、附加疑问句 (一)主语的选择 1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如: I find English very interesting, don't you? I don't like that film, do you? 2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如: Somebody phoned while I was out, didn't they? Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如: Everything seems all right now, doesn't it? Nothing is kept in good order, is it? Something must be done to stop pollution, isn't it? 4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如: This is important, isn't it? That isn't correct, is it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren't they? 5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如: One can't be too careful, can one?或can you? One should do his duty, shouldn't he? 1 6.当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如: There's no help for it, is there? There's something wrong, isn't there? 7.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如: She says that I did it, doesn't she? I told them not everybody could do it ,didn't I? 但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。 I suppose that he's serious isn't he? I don't think she cares, does she? 8.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如: Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn't he? 9.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。如: Don't open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why don't you? 但以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是allow us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如: Let's have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you? 10.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如: Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn't it? Between six and seven will suit you, won't it? Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
(二)谓语动词的选择 1.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn't。如: You must work hard next term, mustn't you? I must answer the letter, mustn't I? 但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如: You must have made a mistake, haven't you? They must have seen the film last week, didn't they? He must be in the library, isn't he? 2.当陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。如: The old man used to smoke, didn't /usedn't he? Tom used to live here, usedn't /didn't he? 3.当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't。如: He ought to know the answer, oughtn't he? We ought to read this book, oughtn't/ shouldn't we? 4.当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用 need /dare +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? 2 He dare not say so, dare you? 但当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 5.当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用hadn't。 如: You'd better finish your homework now, hadn't you? 6.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如: What a clever boy, isn't he? What a lovely day, isn't it? 7.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。如: I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I? 8.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如: You have a new bike, haven't you(或don't you)? She doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she? 9.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。如: We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 10.陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。如: He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 11.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。如: You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 12. 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 13.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如: Oh, he is a writer, is he? You'll not go, won't you?
(三)反义疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。 例:—He likes playing football, doesn't he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗? —Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 是的,他喜欢。/ 不是,他不喜欢。 当陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 —His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? —Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。