大一英语精读U1 Word Study

Unit 11) 当我知道详细情况时，我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。

(should not have done)2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。

(occasional)3) 会议应该在周二召开，但我们不得不推迟 (be supposed to)4) 我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所有中国人回到了祖国 ( take action)5) 包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。

(including)6) 如果不立即采取行动，许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。

(without, hunger)Answer1)When I knew the details, I realized I shouldn’t have lost my tempers in the office.2) I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink togeth er.3) The meeting is supposed to taken place on Tuesday，but we have to put it off.4)Our government took action immediately to bring all the Chinese in that country back to motherland.5） Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.6)Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.Unit 21) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。

UNIT 1As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。

Some Strategies for Learning EnglishLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.学习英语绝非易事。

它需要刻苦和长期努力。

Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。

以下便是其中的几种。

1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。

大学英语精读第三版第一册【课文翻译】Unit1课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。

Some Strategies or Learning English学习英语绝非易事。

它需要刻苦和长期努力。

虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。

以下便是其中的几种。

1.不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。

你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。

如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。

你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。

积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。

你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。

2．密切注意地道的表达方式。

你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说" 我对英语感兴趣" 是 "I'm interested in English"，而说"我精于法语"则是"I'm good at French"你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说" 获悉消息或秘密" 是 "learn the news or secret"，而"获悉某人的成功或到来 " 却是 "learn of someone's success or arrival"这些都是惯用法的例子。

在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。

3．每天听英语。

经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。

除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。

第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。

Unit 1 How to Improve Your Study Habits你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。

你在学校的学习成绩还不错，可你也许会觉得自己永远也成不了优等生。

然而实际情况未必如此。

你要是想取得更好的分数，也还是能做到的。

是的，即使中等智力水平的学生，在不增加学习负担的情况下，也能成为优等生。

其诀窍如下：1．仔细安排你的时间。

把你每周要完成的任务一一列出来，然后制定一张时间表或时间分配图。

先把用于吃饭、睡觉、开会、听课等这样一些非花不可的时间填上，然后再选定合适的固定时间用于学习。

一定要留出足够的时间来完成正常的阅读和课外作业。

当然，学习不应把作息表上的空余时间全都占去，还得给休息、业余爱好和娱乐活动留出一定的时间，这一点很重要。

这张周作息表也许解决不了你所有的问题，但是它会使你比较清楚地了解你是怎样使用你的时间的。

此外，它还能让你安排好各种活动，既有足够的时间工作，也有足够的时间娱乐。

2．寻找一个合适的地方学习。

选定某个地方作为你的“学习区”。

这可以是家里或者学校图书馆里的一张书桌或者一把椅子，但它应该是舒适的，而且不该有干扰。

在你开始学习时，你应能够全神贯注于你的功课。

3．阅读之前先略读。

这就是说，在你仔细阅读一篇文章之前，先把它从头至尾迅速浏览一遍。

在预习材料时，你就对它的内容及其结构有了大致的了解。

随后在你正式开始阅读时，你就能辨认出不太重要的材料，并且可以略去某些章节不读。

略读不仅使你的阅读速度提高一倍，还有助于提高你的理解能力。

<4．充分利用课堂上的时间。

上课时注意听讲意味着课后少花力气。

要坐在能看得见、听得清的地方。

要作笔记来帮助自己记住老师讲课的内容。

5．学习要有规律。

课后要及早复习笔记。

重温课堂上提到的要点，复习你仍然混淆不清的地方。

阅读教科书上讲到这些内容的有关章节。

如果你知道第二天老师要讲述的内容，那你就把这部分材料浏览一下。

这有助于你听懂下一堂课。

如果你定期复习笔记和课本，你就能更深刻地领会这些材料的内容，你的记忆也会保持得更长久。

Book 1Unit 1Want to know how to improve your gradeswithout having to spend more time studying?Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on...How to Improve Your Study HabitsPerhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however.You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work.Here's how:1. Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to completeyour normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of the free time on the schedule. It's important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedulemay not solve all of your problems, but it will make youmore aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, itwill enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place foryour study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or inthe school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin toread you will recognize less important material and youmay skip some of these portions. Skimming helps doubleyour reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.第一册第一单元想知道怎样提高你的成绩而又不必花太多的时间去学习吗？听上去是不是好得令人难以置信呢？那就读读看吧……怎样改进你的学习习惯你也许是个智力一般的普通学生。

⼤学英语精读第⼀册英语专业本科《综合英语》授课教案第⼀册Lesson Plan For Contemporary College English(BookⅠ)Lesson 1 Half a Day By Naguib MahfouzⅠ.教学内容1. 热⾝；2．作者：教育与背景；主要著作；创作观；3．作品赏析：结构分析；如何赏析⽂学作品；扩展式讨论；4．写作技巧：省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；―with‖独⽴结构；5．语⾔理解：长难句解析；核⼼词汇学习；介词练习；构词法：前缀；6．课堂讨论；7．练与讲。

Ⅱ.教学⽬的1. 了解作者及其背景知识；2．熟悉本⽂使⽤的写作⼿法；3．掌握修辞疑问句、倒装句等修辞⼿法；4．熟练掌握三类构词法；5．通过深刻理解⽂章内涵，培养学⽣社会洞察⼒和相关的讨论能⼒，同时掌握⽂中的核⼼语⾔点。

Ⅲ.教学重点与难点1. ⽂学作品的赏析；2．⽂学中的修辞⼿法――省略疑问句和修辞疑问句；倒装句；―with‖独⽴结构；3．构词法：前缀；4．课⽂的写作背景与主题。

Ⅳ.教学⽅法采⽤讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、多媒体等⽅法对学⽣进⾏启发式教学。

Ⅴ.教学过程Step1. Question Discussing for Warming-up (10 minutes)Step2. Background Information (40 minutes)1. Naguib Mahfouz——Education & Background（纳吉布?马福兹所受教育和⼀般背景）Naguib Mahfouz was born on the 11th Dec. 1911 in an old quarter of Cairo, the youngest son of a merchant. He studied philosophy at King Faud I (now Cairo) University, graduating in 1934. He worked in university administration and then in 1939 he worked for the Mini-stry of Islamic Affairs. He was later Head of the State Cinema Organisation at the Ministry of Culture. He also worked as a journalist. Although widely translated, his works are notavailable in most Middle Eastern countries because of his support of Sadat's Camp David initiative. In 1994 he survived an assassination attempt by Islamic extremists. He is married, has two daughters and lives in Cairo.He died on Aug. 30, 2006. Naguib Mahfouz —— important works（纳吉布?马福兹的主要著作）●Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature, in 1988. He hasbeen described as “a Dickens of the Cairo cafés ”and “the Balzac of Egypt”.●He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated throughout the Arabic-speaking world.●Mahfouz began writing when he was 17. His first novel was published in 1939 and tenmore were written before the Egyptian Revolution of July 1952, when he stopped writing forseveral years. One novel was republished in 1953, however, and the appearance of The Cairo Trilogy in 1957 made him famous throughout the Arab world as a depictor of traditionalurban life.●Works of his second writing period:The Children of Gebelawi (1959)The Thief and the Dogs (1961)Autumn Quail (1962)Small Talk on the Nile (1966)Miramar (1967)several collections of short stories.3. Naguib Mahfouz —— how he pictures the world（作者笔下的世界：⽆尽的拼搏与悲剧的⼈⽣）The picture of the world as it emerges from the bulk of Mahfouz's work is very gloomy indeed, though not completely despondent. It shows that the author's social utopia is far from being realized. Mahfouz seems to conceive of time as a metaphysical force of oppression. His novels have consistently shown time as the bringer of change, and change as a very painful process, and very often time is not content until it has dealt his heroes the final blow of death.To sum up, in Mahfouz's dark tapestry of the world there are only two bright spots. These consists of man's continuing struggle for equality on the one hand and the promise ofscientific progress on the other; meanwhile, life is a tragedy.Step3. Text Appreciation (50 minutes)1. Structure of the text (10 minutes)The text can be conveniently divided into three parts. In the first part (para.1-7), we learn about the boy‘s misgivings about school. He found it hard to be away from home and mom, and thought school was punishment. The second part (para.8-16) describes how the boy felt about school. He found that life at school was rich and colorful in many ways, although it also required discipline and hard work. In the last part of the text, the boy walked out of the school to find that the outside world had changed beyond measure and that he had grown into an old man.2. How to appreciate literature (15 minutes)Plot of the story:Setting of the story:Protagonist v.s. Antagonists:Drama of the story lies in:Writing technique: (Have you ever read a story using the similar technique?)Theme of the story:3. Further discussion (15 minutes)A. Read the following suggestions made by the father. Which ones do you agree with andwhich ones not? Have you ever been given some suggestions by your parents when entering the university? List them out.1) School is a place that make useful men out of boys.2) Don‘t you want to be useful like your brothers?3) Put a smile on your face and be a good example to others.4) Be a man.5) Today you truly begin life.B From the description between Para.8 and Para.16, we can see different aspects of school life.Try to list as many aspects as possible in the following table.C In the last part of the text, the boy walked out of the school to find that the outside worldhad changed beyond measure. How might he feel about the changes? List exact words that support your choice. D．After-class thinkingAfter reading the story, do you feel emotionally or spiritually touched? Why or why not?Step4. Writing devices(30 minutes)1.Elliptical question（省略疑问句）“Why school?” I asked my father. e.g.A: Headmaster: We want you to go and tell the boy‘s parents the news.B: Teacher: Why me?Father: We‘ll go to Tianjin this weekend.Daughter: What for?/ Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin?2．Rhetorical question（修辞疑问句）“What have I done?”Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers? e.g.Can‘t you see I‘m busy? (Don‘t disturb me!)What good is a promise for an unemployed worker?Does nothing ever worry you?Please give more examples.3. Inverted sentences(倒装句)… here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks, or making snakes appear frombaskets.Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.More examples:There are some exceptions to this reaction.Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it.In no case should we waste our time.There goes the bell.Away hur ried the customers.4. “with” absolute structure(with‖独⽴结构)Then there was a band ..., with clowns and weight lifters walking in front.More examples:He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.)Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle)She can‘t go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do.)He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (with + n. + adv. )Step5. Language Understanding （60 minutes）1. Sentence Paraphrase (20 minutes)1) They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into schoolfor the first time.（What does ―they‖ refer to?What does the narrator imply by using ―to be thrown into school‖? ）2)My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time totime, hoping she would help.（What does ―progress‖ mean here?What kind of help could his mother offer?What does the sentence tell us about the boy‘s relationships with his parents?）3) a street lined with gardens …：a st reet where there are gardens … along both sideslined with …: past participle phrase used here to modify ―a street‖. It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short, eg.a novel (that was) written by Charles Dickens/personal computers (that are) made inChina4.) I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home andthrowing me into the huge, high-walled building.There is no good to be had in doing sth.It is no good/use doing sth.5).from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.：… on one side of the courtyard was a building with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen. Or … from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.6) Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.：Well, perhaps my doubt, worry and fear about what school would be like were all groundless.OrWell, it seemed that I was wrong to think that school was a dreadful place.7.) In addition, the time for changing one‘s mind was over and gone and there was no question ofever returning to the paradise of home.：There is no question (of doing): there is no possibilityBesides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.8.)Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance.：nothing but: onlyWe would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like. OrThe kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle andperseverance.9.)Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness thatpresented themselves.：to present itself/ themselves: (formal) to appear, happenIf there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success andhappiness.2 Word Study (20 minutes)1.) to make sb./sth. (out) of sb./sth.It‘s a place that makes useful men out of boys.(make boys become useful men) eg.The army made a man of him.He said the Government were frightened of nothing. The real trouble was we were making a mountain out of a molehill.2.) There is no good to be had in doing sth.：It is no good/use doing sth.e.g. There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you don‘t have enough spare time to use it.It‘s no good crying over spilt milk.It is worth doing well what is worth doing.it is no (not much) goodit is no (not any, hardly any, little) useit is uselessit is not the slightest useit is worth(worthwhile)there is no (no good, no use)There is no denying that women are playing an important role in the world today.3.) to tear sb. away from a place：to (make sb.) leave a place or a person unwillingly because one has to eg. Can‘t you tear yourself away from the TV for dinner?4). to cling to sth.：to hold tightly; not release one‘s grip oneg. The little child clung to his mother for comfort.Some of the victims of the fire climbed out of the building, clung to the window ledges for a minute or two and then dropped to their death a hundred feet below.She still clings to the belief that her son is alive.5.) burst into (tears, sobs; laughter, a guffaw, song)：begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing etc.eg. Aunt Annabel, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst into tears.As the comic got into his stride, the audience burst into hoots of laughter.cf.：The aircraft turned on its back and burst into flames.The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight.I mentioned the incident later to a tailor friend and he burst out laughing/crying.6) sort people into ranks：put ... in order; arrangee.g. They sorted the apples according to size into large ones and small ones.cf.：She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and stamps.It‘s no good standing back and waiting for things to sort themselves out.7）．to resort to: to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solution eg.e.g. Terrorists resorted to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.These are means we have never resorted to to obtain information.8）．to present oneself: to appear, happeneg. When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it.He was ordered to present himself at the chairman‘s office at nine o‘clock next morning.Step6. In-class discussion and presentation (40 minutes)1. If you had only half a day left to live, what would you most want to do? List the top five things you would do and give us your reason.2. Suppose the narrator found his home at last. What would happen after that?3. Work in group. Make up your own story of ―Half a Day‖ and perform it.Step7 Textbook exercises (70 minutes)1. In-class news report2. In-class dictation 3．P.11-P. 21 (Contemporary College English 1)Step8 Homework1. Paraphrase the following sentences taken from the text.1)．We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings.2)……; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.3.) Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.4.) Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded.5.) It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around.6.) Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting.7.) In addition, the time for changing one‘s mind was over and gone and there was no question ofever returning to the paradise of home.8.) Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance.9.) Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness thatpresented themselves.10）. How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its surface?2Pick out idiomatic expressions in the text as many as possible.( write the English phrase and their Chinese meanings)(p13 on the textbook)3. Write a composition with at least 150 words. The title is “My First Day atCollege”.Ⅵ. 教学反思Unit 2 Going HomeⅠ.教学内容1. 热⾝；2．作者：教育与背景；主要著作；社会背景；3．作品赏析：结构分析；如何赏析⽂学作品；扩展式讨论；4．写作技巧：现在分词和过去分词；if条件状语从句；5．语⾔理解：长难句解析；核⼼词汇学习；构词法；6．课堂讨论；7．练与讲。

现代大学英语精读Book One 课后练习答案Unit One Half a DayV ocabulary1 Become familiar with the rules of word formationI identify the parts of speech of the following words and list the suffixes used.Noun suffixes:-tion,-ment, -ing, -ness, -or/erAdjective suffixes: -ful, -less, -ed.Adverb suffixes: -ly2 Write down the corresponding adverbs, adjectives, nouns or verbs of the following words.1. Their corresponding adverbs are:Simply, hurriedly, terribly, possibly, miserably, politely, fortunately, practically, physically, favorably, roughly, seriously.2. Their corresponding adjectives are:Complete, accurate, particular, total, absolute, easy, angry, miserable, exact, final.3. Their corresponding nouns are:Power(powerfulness), success(successfulness), care(carefulness),tear(tearfulness), meaning(meaninglessness), home(homelessness), price (pricelessness)4. Their corresponding verbs are:Express, impress, attend, celebrate, attract, spell, produce, pollute, prevent, oppose, organize, inform, appoint, require, judge.3 Translate1. 一个有用的词，2一条很有帮助的建议3. 一次痛苦的经历4. 一个含泪的声音5. 一场无望的战争 6 一颗无价的宝石7. 一本无用的书8. 仔细一看9. 一个多事的年份10.一个有害的习惯11. 一只对人无害的动物12. 一个无耻的撒谎者13.一个无阶级的社会14. 很有希望的形势15．一次富有成果的访问16. 一支强大的军队17. 一个粗心的错误18. 一个无家可的孩子19. 一个牙齿已掉光的老汉20.一朵无名的花。