下载文档原格式
分词作状语的类型分词作状语是英语中常见的语法结构，它通过使用动词的现在分词或过去分词来修饰或补充句子的主语、谓语或宾语，以提供额外的信息。
分词作状语在句子中具有多种类型，本文将对这些类型进行阐述。
1. 分词作时间状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的时间，作为时间状语。
例如：- Running late, John hurried to catch the bus.- Having finished his homework, Tom went to bed.这两个例子中，分词"running"和"having finished"作为时间状语，分别修饰主语"John"和"Tom"，表达了他们做完某个动作后的情况。
2. 分词作原因状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的原因，作为原因状语。
例如：- Being tired, Mary decided to take a break.- Having failed the test, he felt disappointed.这两个例子中，分词"being tired"和"having failed"作为原因状语，分别修饰主语"Mary"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作的原因。
3. 分词作条件状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的条件，作为条件状语。
例如：- If accepted, I will start working next week.- Without any money, he couldn't buy the ticket.这两个例子中，分词"accepted"和"without any money"作为条件状语，分别修饰主语"I"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作所需要的条件或限制。
现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由谓语表示的主要动作。
这个状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、或表示主要动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
一、作时间状语如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。
例如：①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot.如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。
这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。
例如：①Having watered the flowers，he began to cut the grass.②Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.③Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the footstep below)，he rose and went to the top of the stairs.④Seeing a large cake fly ing through the air，the driver pulled up quickly.注：①分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
现在分词短语作状语要点总结现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步或补充说明等不同含义。
Coming into the room, he found the books. 他一进屋就找到了书。
（时间）Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. 因为病了，他没有参加会议。
（原因）Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力就会成功。
（条件）The girls went out of the room, laughing and talking, 姑娘们又说又笑地走出房间。
（伴随）He came here running. 他跑着来到这里。
（方式）At he age of three, his mother died, leaving him an orphan. 他三岁时丧母，成了孤儿。
（结果）She went away, walking south. 她离开了，向南方走去。
（补充说明）由以上例句可以看出，分词短语作状语时，若表示时间、条件或原因，通常要放在句首；表示伴随（也可放在句首）、方式、结果或补充说明的分词短语，通常要放在句尾。
现在分词作状语时要注意以下六个要点：1. 现在分词可以与when, while, if ,though等连词一起使用，使状语意义更加明确。
如：Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路要当心。
If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生了病，我要在家好好休息。
Though not understanding French, they had a very good time in Paris this summer. 虽然他们不懂法语，但是，今年夏天他们在巴黎过得很愉快。
2. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常应与句子主语保持一致，也就是说句子的主语应是现在分词动作的执行者。
现在分词／过去分词／不定式做状语详讲及分析一．现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系,就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语．例如：①Hearing the got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)现在分词逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系② She got home, feeling very tired.逻辑主语现在分词主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系③Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. (When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying.)注：当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行．除了省略其连接词be 动词．When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice.Because he is a child, he can’t enter into the interbar.’t enter into the interbarbe 动词的现在分词形式．即Being excited, he speaks incoherently.(Because he is excited, he speaks incoherently.)ll go camping. ’ll go camping.)从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。
从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。
因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her.⑧I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first..①(knowing为一般式)②从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。
现在分词作状语一．现在分词作状语时的几种形式：二．现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、伴随、原因、方式、结果、条件等。
1. 作伴随状语时相当于and连接的两个动词或分句。
The dog came in, following its master.= The dog came in. It followed its master.2.作原因状语时相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首。
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.= Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.3作时间状语时常位于句首，一般式doing相当于when, while 引导的时间状语从句，完成式having done相当于after引导的时间状语从句。
Hearing the good news, my mother couldn’t help laughing.=When my mother heard the good news, she couldn’t help laughing.Having received his letter, I decided to write back.=After I had received his letter, I decided to write back.4.作条件状语时相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. =If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.5.作结果状语时表示结果。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.6.作让步状语时相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句。
doing sth 作状语的分类
☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：
▲doing sth.作时间状语：
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
▲doing sth.作原因状语：
Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
▲doing sth.作结果状语：
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性（自然结果）。
（making 可以改为 which makes，相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。
）
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚，这是他的妻子很生气。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试，这是她父母非常生气。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.(NMET1998全国卷)
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
▲doing sth.作条件状语：
Listening to English every day （If you listen to English every day）， you’ll learn it well step by step.
Usin g your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
▲doing sth.作让步状语：
Working so hard, he failed again.
Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
☆理解技巧：
分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
▲doing sth.作方式状语：
He came running back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
▲doing sth.作伴随状语：
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
（☆过去分词短语也可以作伴随状语）
☆理解技巧：
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。
分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
英语中V-ing形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语表示的动作加以说
明或作为陪衬。
一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。
例如:’t sit there doing and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌。
