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牛津英语九年级上册课文重点句讲师：凌老师1. What's up, Simon? You don't look very happy."2.Customers always prefer Debbie to me.3. It's the way you communicate."4. I don't even get a chance to speak them.”5.The way you look at people doesn't give them a good impression.6.She smiles before speaking to them.7. That's why they go to her to help, and not you.8. Without hesitating, she went to Simon and gave him a big smile.9.she came to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday.1. Although you probably don't realize you are doing it?2. Eye contact is one of the most important forms of body language.3. It can be the key to successful communication.4. However, eye contact can mean different things in different cultures.5. In Western cultures, making eye contact in conversations is necessary.6. As a matter of fact, a Westerner might considera lack of eye contact as a lack of interest.7. avoiding eye contact shows respect8. But staring at others is also considered rude and should be avoided.1. Sitting straight means a person is confident.2. But I think we should be careful about reading body language too much!1. Animals show their feelings with their faces and bodies2. It's similar to the way we shake hands.3. I spend a lot of time interviewing peopel4. Eye contact is also important---you should look the interviewer in the eye often, but don't make him or her feel uncomefortable.5. Make sure you point your face and body in the direction of the interviewer.1. We promise our hairstyles will make you feel on top of the world.2. You best hairstyle depends on the shape of your face.3. It makes the face look longer.4. First of all, keep yourself healthy.5. You will shine and so will your hair.1. Are you happy with the hair you have?2. Lack of protein and iron can secretly rob your hair of its shiny beauty3. Drinking plenty of water is also important to help prevent your hair from getting dry.4. Young people have many things to worry about, like doing difficult homework or preparing for important exams.1. I went there last week to meet a 36-year-old lady called Li Qing2.At the door of her flat she met me with a big smile on her face.3. Two "assistants" held up her hair to stop it from falling on the ground.4. I just don't have it cut5. I asked her how she cares for such long hair.6. She said that it takes her an hour each day to wash it.1. It is difficult for me to choose the right hairstyle.2.It was silly of me to forget it.3. Are you strong enough to carry them？1. We don't really need hair, do we?2. They do judge them partly by their appearance.1. How does that sound to you?2. I saw a programme on TV3. You're always influenced by TV programmes4. The animals you eat spend their lives living in tiny spaces, and then they are killed.5. There drugs may remain in the meat and can be very dangerous.6. By the way, can you pass the pappar?7. I'll never lose my appetite for meat.8. Lots of peopel get ill because of the chemicals the farmers use.9. Have you heard about that new burger restaurant near...1. There are many different anwers to this question2. Some people think that suger is bad for your health.3. It is difficult to say who is right.4. Most doctors agree on one thing.5. On the other hand, having too much of anything.6. they are likely to become fat.7. This may increase the risk of a heart attack.8. If you learn how to balance your diet properly, you will have a healthier future.9. Therefore, to help you decide what to eat and what not to eat, you should do some research.10. can help you decide on the right things to eat1.In fact, a normal fast food meal can contain more than1500 calories, over half the recommended daily amount!2.Fast food can cause serious health problems and make you put on weight.3.However, people today lead busy lives.4.Drink water instead of soft drinks5.Another healthy choice is drinking tea without sugar6.Ask for your order without them.7.Salads are far healthier than chips.8.If you follow the advice above you can enjoy food that is not only fast, but healthier too.1."Blue agriculture" refers to growing fish or plants in areas of natural water such as oceans or lakes.2.Sometimes sand or small stones are used to help hold up the plants.3.While agriculture is useful for places with poor quality soil since it makes the best use of both water and fertilier.4.Sunqiao is best known as the home of while agriculture1.As you can see, there are hundreds of greenhouses.2.We are able to grow a lot of crops here.3.In fact, because of the new technology, our greenhouses produce three times more than normal agricultural land.4.People used to regard farming as boring and backward.1.I was visiting my friend. She knocked a flower pot from her winow by accident.2.No one was hurt, so we said nothing and went to the cinema.3.My friend was too afraid to talk to the police.4.Now I feel guilty and don't know what to do.5.That did no good,6.I got off and walked home.7.I felt sorry for the boy but I didn't know how to help him.8.I gave her one-hundred-yuan note to pay for a bottle of cola.9.She was busy complaining, so she gave me an extra ten-yuan note in my change by mistake.10.I left the shop and decided to keep the money.1. James is very upset about this problem and he doesn't know what to do about it.2. I want to offer some guidance to James3. don't feel ashamed if you get builled.4. Write a letter to someone or keep a diary.5. You could get in trouble yourself. Ignore them and walk away.1. Counselling of this kind aims to help students work out their personal problems if there are any2. prevent students from getting into bad habits.3. point out important things to them.4. In this way,students will make an effort to solve their own problems.1. Mike was a singer, wasn't he?Lily came home late, didn't she?Ann and Mary won't come, will they?You can't work out the problem, can you?5. I am very happy, aren't I?6. Everybody is here, aren't theyisn't it?7. I don't think you are a teacher, are you?8. Please open the window, will you?will you9. Let's do it right now, shall we?1. I'm afraid she's not available this afternoon2. I'm sorry, I can't make it at three,but I can manage four.3. Right, I'll put you down for four1. what would you advise Kathy to do now?2. Who is to blame for this situation, the checkout assistant or Tracy?1. They told you to do nothing and said it was none of your business.1. In the case of the fallen flower pot, your friend should go to the police and tell them the truth.2. You must persuade her to do this3. That is the best way to put things right.4.Perhaps they can look out for these boys and stop them before they bully someone else.5. In the case of the rude checkout assistant, the money does not belong to you---it belongs to the supermarket.6. I regret to say it is not always easy to do the right thing,7. Since you all seem to be responsible students,I am confident you will do what is right.1. I couldn't bear wearing them for another 9 to 12 months. (后面可以接名词或者代词，动名词，不定代词)2. On my way to school yesterday I passed a woman lying on the pavement.3.I don't think she was a begger.4. I think she was really ill, and I could have helped her, but I did nothing.1. He was so ugly at birth that his own mother made him wear a mask.2. She forced him to leave home while he was still a child.3. The Phantom fell in love with Christine, a beaufiful young singer at the Opera.4. When the Phantom learnt about this, it broke his heart.5. In the Phantom's home, Christine finally pulled off his mask.6. She was shocked at his horrible face, with yellow eyes and no nose.7. But she felt sorry for him.8. She understood how lonely he must be.。
学习目标1. 学习重要的句型，理解句型的含义。
2. 正确地运用句型，并能灵活地用于作文。
重点：He became interested in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six.He and David Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space.I think Yuan Longping, a rice scientist and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering is one of the greatest people that have ever lived.难点：现在和过去时态的灵活运用。
知识梳理一、重点句型【句型学习】1. He became interested in flying when he took his first flight at the age of six. 他六岁第一次乘飞机的时候就对飞行感兴趣。
(1) become interested in 对……感兴趣(2) take his first flight 第一次乘飞机(3) at the age of 在……岁的时候The boy became interested in playing football. 这个男孩对踢足球感兴趣。
Could you tell me when you took your first flight? 你能告诉我你什么时候第一次乘飞机吗？The girl could swim at the age of 8. 这个女孩八岁的时候会游泳。
同义句转换1. My father became interested in driving a car two years ago.My father ____________________________________________________.2. When he was 20 years old, he left his hometown.He left his hometown ________________________________.3. The girl was very nervous when she took a plane for the first time.The girl was very nervous when she ____________________________________.答案：1. has been interested in driving a car since two years ago 2. at the age of 203. took her first flight2. He and David Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space. 他和大卫斯科特在太空中首次设法成功地把两艘飞船连接到一起。
九年级上册语文课堂笔记重点课文《沁园春·雪》知识点【作家作品】《沁园春·雪》这首词是毛泽东诗词的代表作，1945年公开发表，写作时间是1936年2月，当时中央红军已胜利完成了举世闻名的二万五千里长征，而在1935年当红军长征快近尾声时，日本帝国主义全面侵华。
毛泽东、彭德怀率领红军以“中国人民红军抗日先锋军”的名义，于1936年2月20日渡黄河东征取道山西，奔赴抗日前线，东征前夕，毛泽东在陕西清涧袁家沟指挥渡河准备工作时，眺望北方茫茫的大雪，一口气写成这首气吞山河的壮丽诗篇。
【课文简析】“沁园春”词牌名，沁园，相传是东汉明帝女儿沁水公主的园林，曾被外戚窦宪夺取，后人作诗以咏其事，调名由此而得。
这首词以宏伟的气魄，生花的妙笔，写景论史，热情赞美祖国的大好河山，歌颂无产阶级革命英雄，激发人们的爱国热情和民族自豪感，鼓励人们为建设中国而奋斗。
《沁园春·雪》分上下两片。
上片描写北国雪景，展现祖国山河的壮丽；下片由祖国山河的壮丽引出英雄人物，纵论历代英雄，抒发诗人的抱负。
【词语积累】沁（qìn）园春数（shǔ）风流人物妖娆（ráo）素裹（guǒ）惟（wéi）余成吉思汗（hán）分（fèn）外还看今朝（zhāo）【作者思路】第一部分：词的上阕，描写北方壮丽的景色，热情赞美祖国大好河山。
第二部分：词的下阕，评论历史上的英雄人物，歌颂当代无产阶级英雄。
“江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰”此句承上启下。
“数风流人物，还看今朝”是无产阶级和人民大众决心登上历史舞台的威武雄壮的宣言，是全词的点睛之笔，亦是全词的主旨句。
【词里的古代英雄人物的历史功绩】秦始皇：统一中国，建立了第一个中央集权的封建大帝国。
汉武帝：对内巩固中央集权，对外抵抗匈奴，加强同西域的文化交流。
唐太宗：恢复社会生产，选贤任能，抗击突厥入侵，开创了大唐盛世。
成吉思汗：蒙古族军功卓著的领袖，他的孙子忽必烈建立元朝尊其为元太祖。
部编版九年级语文上册知识点汇总沁园春雪一、重点字词1、给下列加点字注音。
沁qìn园春分fèn外妖娆ráo成吉思汗hán数shǔ风流人物点拨：“分”“汗”“数”是多音字，要注意课文中读音。
2、解释下面加点的词。
(1)惟余莽莽惟：只。
(2)须晴日须：等到。
(3)略输文采输：差、失。
(4)俱往矣俱：都。
二、重点句子背记知识清单1、用原文填空。
(1)北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
(2)点明这首词的中心的句子是：俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
(3)“望”字统领的句子是：望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。
(4)全词中起承上启下作用的句子是：江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
(5)写出采用比喻、对偶、夸张的修辞手法把静物写动的句子是：山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。
2、解释下列句子。
(1)惟余莽莽。
只剩下白茫茫的一片。
(2)山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象。
群山好像(一条条)银蛇在舞动，高原(上的丘陵)好像(许多)白象在奔跑。
(3)俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
统统都过去了，要说真正的英雄人物，还得看今天。
三、段落背记知识清单。
默写《沁园春雪》下阕词的内容。
江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
惜秦皇汉武，略输文采；唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚。
一代天骄，成吉思汗，只识弯弓射大雕。
俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
四、文学常识背记知识清单《沁园春雪》的作者是毛泽东，“沁园春”是词牌名，“雪”是词的题目。
我爱这土地作者简介：艾青（1910～1996），原名蒋海澄，浙江金华人，现代著名诗人，只因一次在写自己姓时，刚写出草字头，便想起了蒋介石，顿生厌恶之情，便在底下划了叉号，从此更名为艾青可见其坚定的政治立场。
1932年，正在巴黎留学的作者因感民族危机日益严重便急速回国，投入到救亡运动中，却因从事革命文艺创作而被国民党逮捕判刑6年，但始终没间断创作，狱中创作了《大堰河——我的保姆》，接着创作了《芦笛》，《巴黎》，1937年写了《雪落在中国的土地上》，1938年初，又创作了《北方》等诗篇。
九年级语文上册：《沁园春·雪》知识点及练习【知识点】一、重点字词1、给下列加点字注音。
沁（qìn）园春分（fèn）外妖娆（ráo）成吉思汗（hán）数（shǔ）风流人物。
点拨：“分”、“汗”、“数”是多音字，要注意课文中的读音。
2、解释下面加点的词。
（1）惟余莽莽惟：只。
（2）须晴日须：等到。
（3）略输文采输：差、失。
（4）俱往矣俱：都。
二、重点句子1、用原文填空。
（1）北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘。
（2）点明这首词的中心的句子是：俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
（3） "望“字统领的句子是：望长城内外，惟余莽莽；大河上下，顿失滔滔。
山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。
（4）全词中起承上启下作用的句子是：江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
（5）写出采用比喻、对偶、夸张的修辞手法把静物写动的句子是：山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象，欲与天公试比高。
2、解释下列句子。
（1）惟余莽莽：只剩下白茫茫的一片。
（2）山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象：群山好像（一条条）银蛇在舞动，高原（上的丘陵）好像（许多）白象在奔跑。
（3）俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝：统统都过去了，要说真正的英雄人物，还得看今天。
三、文学常识《沁园春·雪》的作者是毛泽东，”沁园春“是词牌名，”雪“是词的题目。
四、整体把握《沁园春·雪》分上下两片。
上片描写北国雪景，展现祖国山河的壮丽；下片由祖国山河的壮丽引出英雄人物，纵论历代英雄，抒发诗人的抱负。
五、课后练习答案一、发挥想像，用自己的话描绘一下诗人笔下的北国雪景图，并谈谈你的感受。
答：诗人笔下的北国雪景，空间极其广阔，景色极为壮丽，令人感受到诗人豪迈的胸怀，雄伟的气魄，对祖国山河的热爱。
二、仔细的体会”俱往矣，/数风流人物，/还看今朝”的含义。
答：秦皇汉武唐宗宋祖成吉思汗这些人物都是中国历史上的英雄，而且是无数英雄之中的佼佼者，他们具有雄才大略，对中国历史的发展都有过巨大的影响。
九年级语文课内重点文言文知识点梳理陈涉世家一、从通假字,一词多义,古今异义,词类活用几方面梳理本课实词： 一通假字1、发闾左适戍渔阳“适”通“谪”,贬谪2、固以怪之矣“以”通“已”,已经3、为天下唱“唱”通“倡”,首发4、将军身被坚执锐“被”通“披”穿二一词多义1、次：吴广皆次当行编次又间令吴广之次所旁祠中旅行或行军在途中停留2、会：会天大雨适逢,恰巧遇到与皆来会计事集会3、将：上使外将兵带领,率领项燕为楚将将领4、书： 乃丹书帛曰动词,写得鱼腹中书名词丝绸条5、数：广故数言欲亡屡次卒数万人几6、乃：当立者乃公子扶苏是乃可以放在虚词里陈胜乃立为王于是,就三古今异义词 1、等．死古义：同样今义：等着 2、卒中往往．．语古义：处处今义：常常 3、楚人怜．之古义：爱怜今义：怜悯 4、夜篝．火古义：用竹笼罩着今义：泛指火堆 5、而戍死者,固十六七．．．古义：十分之六或七,表分数的约数今义：表整数的约数,十六或十七 6、号令召三老、豪杰与皆来会计．．事古义：集会,议论今义：监督和管理财务的工作 7、今亡．亦死古义：逃走今义：死 8、又间．令吴广之次所旁丛祠中古义：私下今义：两段时间或两种事物相接的地方四词类活用 1、大楚兴,陈胜王．名词用作动词,称王,为王 2、尉果笞．广用鞭、杖或竹板打3、天下苦．秦久矣形容词意动用法,以……为苦 4、皆指目．陈胜名词用作动词,指指点点 5、夜篝．火名词用作动词,用笼罩着 6、置人所罾．鱼腹中名词用作动词,就是用网捕 7、将军身被坚．执锐．形容词用作名词,坚硬的铠甲形容词用作名词,锐利的武器 8、死．国可乎为……而死 9、乃丹．书名词作状语,用丹砂 10、法．皆斩名词作状语,按法律; 11、固以怪．之矣形容词意动用法,以……为怪; 12、忿恚．．尉形容词的使动用法,使……恼怒二、文言虚词1、之：辍耕之垄上动词,到,去怅恨久之语气助词,凑足音节,无实义二世杀之代词,扶苏燕雀安知鸿鹄之志结构助词,的2、为：为屯长当为天下唱替士卒多为用者成为为坛而盟修筑3、以：扶苏以数谏故因为或以为死认为诚以吾众诈自称把以激怒其众来三、文言特殊句式一省略句1、守丞死,乃入据陈“乃”的前面省略“起义军”2、上使外将兵“使”后面省略代词“之”,指扶苏3、吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者“为”后面省略了代词“之”或“其”,指吴广二判断句1、陈胜者,阳城人也“……者……也”译为……是……2、当立者乃公子扶苏 “……乃……”译为……应当是……三、朗读节奏1、而戍死者/固十六七2、乃诈称/公子扶苏、项燕3、今/诚以吾众/诈自称公子扶苏、项燕唐雎不辱使命一、从通假字,一词多义,古今异义,词类活用几方面梳理本课实词：一通假字：1.故不错意也“错”通“措”,放置2.仓鹰击于殿上“仓”通“苍”,青黑色3.轻寡人与“与”通“欤”,疑问语气助词4.岂直五百里哉“直”通“值”,只,仅仅5寡人谕矣“谕”通“喻”,明白二一词多义：徒：1.亦免冠徒跣光着,动词2.徒以有先生也只,仅仅,副词夫：1.此庸夫之怒也……的人2.夫专诸之刺王僚也句首发语词,无意义怒：1.此庸夫之怒也,非士之怒也发怒2.怀怒未发愤怒,名词使：1.秦王使人谓安陵君曰派遣,动词2.安陵君因使唐雎使于秦;两者皆为动词,前“使”：派遣；后“使”：出使然：1.虽然这样2.秦王怫然怒...的样子与：1.轻寡人与通"欤",疑问语气助词2.与臣而将四矣加若：1.非若是也像2.若士必怒如果,假如三古今异义： 1.非若是．也古：这样,如此;今：今常用作判断词 2.岂直．五百里哉古：只,仅仅;今：不弯曲 3.休．祲降于天古：吉祥;今：常用作休息 4.以五百里之地易．安陵古：交换;今：容易,简单 5.虽然．．,受地于先王古：即使这样;今：连词,用在上半句,下半句多用“但是”、“可是”、“却”等与它呼应,表示承认前边的事,但后边的并不因此而不成立 6徒．以有先生也古：只;今：徒弟 7.秦王色挠．古：屈服;今：轻轻地抓 8长跪．而谢．之古：一种坐姿;今：双膝着地;古：道歉;今：感谢或凋落 9.以头抢．地耳古：撞;今：抢夺 10.安陵君因．使唐雎使于秦古：于是;今：因为 11.大王加．惠,以大易小古：给予;今：增加四词类活用： 1、请广．于君———广,可以看作形容词活用为动词,解释为扩充 2、轻．寡人与 ———轻,形容词用作动词,此处的意思是轻视; 3、伏．尸二人,流．血五步———伏,使动用法,使……伏；流,使动用法,使……流 4、天下缟素．．———缟素,名词作动词,穿戴丧服 5、与臣而将四．矣－－－数词活用做动词,成为第四个人二、虚词以、而、之、者、于以：1.寡人欲以．五百里之地易安陵用 2.而安陵以．五十里之地存者凭借 3.徒以．有先生也因为 4.以．君为长者把 而：1.挺剑而．起动作承接,不翻译 2.而．安陵以五十里之地存者表转折,但是 3.受地于先王而．守之表顺承,不译 之：1.而安陵以五十里之．地存者结构助词,的 2.愿终守之．代词,指代安陵国土 3.夫专诸之．刺王僚也主谓之间,取消句子独立性,不译 4.长跪而谢之．曰代词,指唐雎 5.愿终守之．它 6.寡人以五百里之．地易安陵的 者：1.以君为长者．……的人 2.而安陵以五十里之地存者．……的原因 于：1.受地于．先王从 2.仓鹰击于．殿上到 3.请广于．君给三、特殊句式1、非若是也——判断句2、此三子者．,皆布衣之士也．——判断句3、此庸夫之怒也,非士之怒也——判断句4、受地于先王——状语后置倒装句5、请广于君——状语后置倒装句四、课文内容分析：主要内容这篇文章所记叙的是强国和弱国之间一场外交斗争的情况;写的是唐雎奉安陵君之命出使秦国,与秦王展开面对面的激烈斗争,终于保全了安陵国土的故事; 主题思想示了弱国安陵能够在外交上战胜强秦的原因;表现了唐雎维护国土的严正立场和不畏强暴、敢于斗争的布衣精神,揭露秦王的骄横欺诈,外强中干,色厉内荏的本质;文章结构第一部分第1段,写唐雎出使秦国的背景;安陵君委婉地加以拒绝,并派唐雎出使秦国,这一部分是为下面的情节做铺垫;第二部分第2、3段,写唐雎同秦王进行针锋相对的斗争的经过;可分两层：第一层第2段,写唐雎坚决抵制秦王的骗局,表现出维护国土的严正立场;这种尖锐的对立,势必促使双方间的矛盾进一步发展;这是斗争的第一个回合;第二层第3段,写唐雎以“士之怒”反击秦王的“天子之怒”;秦王用“天子之怒”威胁唐雎;对此,唐雎也毫不示弱,立即接过话题,以“士之怒”进行反击,自然而然地引出专诸、聂政、要离行刺的故事,并表示自己要效法他们,意即要跟秦王拼命;并立即付诸行动,“挺剑而起”;这是斗争的第二个回合,也是这场斗争中的高潮,矛盾在对话中得到升级;第三部分第4段,写唐雎在这场斗争中得到了胜利,这是斗争的结局;表现出亲王色厉内荏的本来面目;写作特点1、本文以对话为主本文通过对话交代事情的起因、经过和结局,塑造人物形象;本文把这两个人物放在一场尖锐的矛盾冲突当中,塑造了唐雎和秦王的形象;通过对话,鲜明地表现了他们各自的性格特点;安陵君的委婉而坚定,唐雎的沉着干练,有胆有识,义正辞严,秦王的骄横无理,无不跃然纸上;2、运用对比用多种形式的对比和衬托来刻画人物;两种人物、两种思想和行为的对比,可以突出他们各自的特征;一个先倨而后恭,“使人谓”--“不悦”--“怫然怒”--“色挠,长跪而谢之”,这是秦王在事件全过程中态度的变化过程；另一个先恭后倨,临危出使--沉着应对--针锋相对--“挺剑而起”,这是唐雎在事件全过程中态度的变化过程;处境不同、态度不同、结果不同,表现出不同的性格;一个是色厉内荏、外强中干的纸老虎；一个是临危不惧、机智果敢的伏虎英雄;一倨一恭,也形成对比,这种对比,更有力地揭示了秦王这一复杂性格--既是凶恶的,又是虚伪的;本文还恰当地运用了衬托手法,用安陵君从正面来衬托唐雎;用秦王从反面来衬托唐雎;秦王的骄横狂暴和阴险狡诈反衬了唐雎的凛然正气、有胆有识和不畏强暴;唐雎的说话技巧：.1、言辞委婉,言之有“节”;如：“否,非若是也;”“受地于先王而守之”,”虽千里不敢易也,岂直五百里哉”等语言,接着用语势强烈的排比句,列举专诸刺王僚、聂政刺韩傀、要离刺庆忌的史实,对“士之怒”加以渲染说明;于是,唐雎又逼近一步：“此三子者”,“与臣而将四矣”;这是暗示他将效法三人,刺杀秦王,迫使秦王不得不考虑自己的危急处境;2、以行证言,言之有“力”;唐雎辅以“挺剑而起”这一义无反顾的行动,来证明“今日”欲刺秦王之“言”的实在性和尖锐性,这就从根本上彻底打破了秦王的一切幻想,迫使秦王不得不“长跪而谢之”;公输一、从通假字,一词多义,古今异义,词类活用几方面梳理本课实词：一通假字1、公输盘不说说通“悦”高兴2、子墨子之守圉有余圉通“御”抵挡3、子墨子九距之距通“据”抵御4、公输盘诎诎通“屈”理屈二一词多义1、为：公输盘为楚造云梯之械替;夫子何命焉为与“焉”合用,表示疑问语气;必为有窃疾矣是公输盘为我为云梯制造;以牒为械当作2、见：行十日十夜而至于郢,见公输盘动词,会见;胡不见我于王动词,引见;于是见公输盘动词,召见;3、子：子墨子闻之子,先生,老师愿借子杀之子,您4、说：公输盘不说说,通“悦”,高兴;请说之说,解释,陈说;5、然：虽然,公输盘为我为云梯这样然臣之弟子禽滑厘等三百人但是6、起：起于鲁出发、动身子墨子起,再拜起身7、以：将以攻宋凭借臣以王吏之攻宋也认为以牒为械用三古今异义 1、虽然．．,公输盘为我为云梯,必取宋;古义：即使这样今：表转折,常与“但是”搭配 2、虽．杀臣,不能绝也古义：虽然今义：表转折 3、吾知所以．．距子矣,吾不言古义：用来....的方法今义：表因果关系的连词 4、子墨子曰：“请．献十金”古义：敬辞,相当于现代汉语的“允许”今义：请求 5、公输盘曰：“吾义固．不杀人”古义：本来今义：坚固 6、墨子起,再．拜古义：两次今义：又一次 7、荆之地方．．五千里古义：土地方圆今义：领土,土壤 8、请献十金．古义：古代计算金属货币的单位今义：今常表示“金银”的“金” 9、舍其文．轩古义：彩饰今义：常指字和文章 10、胡．不已乎古义：为什么今义：姓氏四词类活用1.吾既已言．之王矣言：名词作动词,说,告诉 2.吾义．固不杀人义：名词作动词,善良坚持道义 3.公输盘九设攻城之机变．．机变：动词作名词,巧妙的方式 4.虽杀臣,不能绝．也绝：形容词作动词,杀尽,杀光 5.吾不言．言：言：名词作动词,说,告诉 6.义不杀少而杀众．少,众：形容词作名词,少数人,多数人 二、虚词的用法1、之：为楚造云梯之械这样子墨子闻之代词,指代造云梯攻宋这件事宋何罪之有宾语前置的标志,结构助词臣以王吏之攻宋也用于主谓之间,取消句子独立性2、于：胡不见我于王向今有人于此在起于鲁从3、而：行十日十夜而至于郢表顺接知而不争表转折,却在宋城上而待楚寇矣表顺接三、特殊句式1、反问句然胡不已乎2、省略句1将以之攻宋;2虽杀臣,不能绝守圉者也;3、倒装句1宋何罪之有宋有何罪2子墨子闻之,起于鲁;于鲁起4、判断句臣以王吏之攻宋也,为与此同类;四、课文要点1、墨子同公输盘、楚王作斗争的经过,可分为三个步骤：1使公输盘理屈词穷2使楚王理屈词穷3模拟攻守,说明楚国攻打宋国不会有好结果,促使楚王放弃攻宋;2、墨子是用什么方法对付公输盘和楚王的对公输盘,诱使公输盘说出“吾义固不杀人”这句话,抓住这句话来做文章;用连续的否定句,断了公输盘的退路,揭示出他所标榜的“义”的欺骗性,使其无话可说;对楚王,墨子采用相同策略,先让他陷入以子之矛攻子之盾的困境;用假设诱使楚王说出“必为有窃疾矣”,随即连用颇有夸张意味的对比,类推出楚国攻宋是和有“窃疾”“同类”的结论,楚王陷入自己所否定的圈子中而无话可说;3、人物形象墨子：机制多谋、无所畏惧、镇定自若;公输：顽固、阴险、狡诈;楚王：虚荣、愚蠢、阴险、狡诈;4、语言特点课文里人物的语言富于表现力;第7段,墨子的语言,连用五个“不可谓”重重否定,极有气势；15段一连用三个对比,并采用夸饰的手法,极言楚国富饶宋国贫乏,感染力强;19—21段揭露公输盘杀机,长短句交错,语气时缓时急,既从容又有威慑力,充分显示了墨子无所畏惧、镇定自若的特点;孟子两章一、从通假字,一词多义,古今异义,词类活用几方面梳理本课实词：一通假字1、亲戚畔之“畔”通“叛”背叛2、曾益其所不能“曾”通“增”增加3、入则无法家法家拂士“拂”通“弼”辅佐4、衡于虑“衡”通“横”梗塞、不顺二一词多义1、发：舜发于畎亩之中起,被任用发于声发出2、拂：行拂乱其所为违背入则无法家拂士通“弼”,辅佐3、利：天时不如地利有利兵革非不坚利也锋利4、士：管夷吾举于士狱官入则无法家拂士贤士三古今异义 1、亲戚．．畔之古义内外亲属今义跟自己家庭有婚姻关系的或他的成员 2、池．非不深也古义护城河今义今常指水塘 3、管夷吾举于士．古义狱官今义士兵 4、兵．革非不坚利也古义武器今义士兵 5、是．天时不如地利也古义代词“这”今义判断动词 6、委．而去之古义放弃今义委托 7、域．民不以封疆之界古义限制今义区域,范围四词类活用 1、威．天下不以兵革之利“威”是形容词,这里用作动词,威慑 2、必先苦．其心志“苦”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使……痛苦; 3、劳．其筋骨“劳”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使……劳累; 4、饿．其体肤“饿”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使……饥饿; 5、空乏．．其身“空”“乏”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使……贫困; 6、行拂乱．其所为“乱”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使……颠倒错乱; 7、所以动．心忍．性“动”是动词“忍”是形容词,这里是使动用法,使他的心惊动,使他的性情坚韧起来; 8、人恒过．“过”是名词,这里是动词,犯错误、犯过失 9、入．则无法家拂士,出．则无敌国外患者;“入”“出”是动词,这里是名词,国内、国外;二、虚词的用法1、于：舜发于畎亩之中从生于忧患而死于安乐也在天将降大任于是人也给2、而：环而攻之而不胜连词,表转折征于色发于声而后喻连词,表承接3、之：三里之城助词,的环而攻之而不胜代词,它,指代小城寡助之至主谓之间,取消句子独立性,不译4、其：舍其文轩代词,他的曾益其所不能代词,他三、特殊句式1、判断句然而不胜者,是天时不如地利也;这是因为…2、被动句舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之间;…被任用…,…被提拔…3、倒装句困于心衡于虑;内心忧困,思虑堵塞;四、课文内容要点一得道多助,失道寡助1、短文的论点天时不如地利,地利不如人和;2、主要运用的论证方法举例论证、道理论证、对比论证3、如何展开论证短文开篇提出中心论点,指明“人和”是克敌制胜的首要条件;然后用概括性的战例加以证明,由“人和”推出治国安邦的道理,得出“得道多助,失道寡助”的道理,阐明了“人和”的实质;4、语言特点语句整齐、流畅,一气贯注;运用排比否定句,使结论有说服力;“多助”“寡助”进行对比,自然导出“君子有不战,战必胜矣”;二生于忧患,死于安乐1、短文论点文章结尾得出“生于忧患,死于安乐”;2、主要运用的论证方法举例论证、道理论证、对比论证3、短文开头列举的六位历史人物,有什么共同点,有什么作用六个人物都是都是在经受了艰苦的磨练之后,终于成就了不平凡的事业,这些事例为论点提供事实论据;4、本文要告诉我们的道理是什么呢人才是在艰苦的环境中造就的5、作者从那两方面论述了经受磨难的好处正面——个人；反面——国家;论证了经受磨难的益处,继而得出孟子的治国论断：入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡;6、两则短文的论证方式有什么异同两则短文都运用了类比论证的手法：第一则以战争中的事例作为例证,强调“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”,然后类推出治国的道理；第二则从个人事例说起,在得出“逆境出人才”这个观点后,转到统治者治国上,指出决定国家存亡的因素和个人能否成就大事业的因素相仿,最后得出论点;不同之处在于,两则短文提出论点的方式不尽相同：第一则在开头,第二则在结尾;鱼我所欲也一、从通假字,一词多义,古今异义,词类活用几方面梳理本课实词：一通假字1．故患有所不辟也“辟”通“避”,躲避;2．乡为身死而不受“乡”通“向”,从前;3．所识贫乏者得我与“得”通“德”,恩惠,这里是感谢的意思;4.所识贫乏者得我与“与”通“欤”,语气助词,相当于“吗”;5.万钟则不辩礼义而受之“辩”通“辨”,辨别;二一词多义1．得二者不可得兼得,得到,拥有所识穷乏者得我与;通“德”,感激故不为苟得也取得2．生舍生而取义者也生命由是则生而有不用也获得生命3．与所识穷乏者得我与与通“欤”,语气词呼尔而与之给4．故故患有所不辟也所以是故所欲有甚于生者因三古今异义1.可以古：能够用来今：能够2.是古：这指示代词今：判断动词3.豆古：古代盛食物的器具今：豆子4.钟古：古代的量器今：计时器具5.加古：益处今：两个或两个以上的东西或数目合在一起 四词类活用 1、所识穷乏者得．我与名词作动词恩惠,这里是感激的意思;2、由是则生而有不用也动词作名词可以获得生存的手段;二、虚词的用法1、于所欲有甚于生者,比万钟于我何加焉,对2、为今为宫室之美为之第一个“为”：为了,表目的;第二个“为”：接受;则凡可以辟患者何不为也：采用3、则则凡可以辟患者何不为也那么得之则生就万钟则不辩礼仪而受之却4、而蹴尔而与之修饰呼尔而与之修饰舍鱼而取熊掌者也并列由是则生而有不用也转折5、之万钟则不辨礼义而受之：之：指示代词,指万钟的俸禄;妻妾之奉：之：……的;使人之所恶莫甚于死者之：取消句子独立性,不翻译三、特殊句式1．判断句例句：鱼,我所欲也;“也”,判断句标志;译文：鱼,是我所喜爱的东西;2．省略句例句1我乡为礼义身死而不受施舍;译文：从前我为了“礼义”宁愿死也不接受施舍;例句2我舍生而取义者也;四、课文分析：一第一段分为三层;首先,第一层作者采用比喻论证方法先讲一个生活常理,即在鱼和熊掌不可同时得到的情况下,一般要“舍鱼而取熊掌”,以这个常理为喻,引出在生和义无法同时兼顾的情况下应该“舍生而取义”,这也是本文的中心论点;然后,第二层作者采用道理论证方法和对比论证方法直接对论点进行较深入的分析和阐述;作者先从正面来论述“甚于生者”就是指“义”,“甚于死者”就是“不义”;于是为了“义”可以“舍生”；即使死掉,也不做“不义”的事;作者又从反面进行假设分析,进一步警醒人心,得出“由是则生而不用”是因为“有甚于生者”,就是“义”；“由是则可以避患而不为”,是因为“甚于死者”,就是“不义”的结论;最后第三层作者进一步指出,其实人人都有向善之心,之所以只有“贤者”才能做到“舍生取义”,是因为“贤者”能够保有“本心”而已;二第二段运用的是举例论证法和对比论证;作者以“一箪食,一豆羹”为例告诉我们,这看似微不足道的“一箪食,一豆羹”,当它关乎生死的时候,也能考验一个人的品德;“呼尔”“蹴尔”而与之,则“行道之人”与“乞人”都不屑受之,这就是人没有丧失“本心”的表现;又举有的人“不辩礼义”地贪求“万钟”为例,说明丧失“本心”的表现;这里作者又运用了对比论证法,将“一箪食,一豆羹”与“万钟”作对比;按财富的数量说,“万钟”自然是多的;但是,“万钟”决定的是“宫室之美,妻妾之奉,所识穷乏者得我”,而“一箪食,一豆羹”决定的却是生命,自然要比“万钟”更重要;通过这种对比,既让人认识到将“礼义”抛到脑后,贪求富贵的行为是多么地不值得,也让人醒悟到“本心”的丧失是一个渐变的过程;曹刿论战一．通假字1.小惠未徧徧：通“遍”,遍及,普遍;二.词类活用1．下视其辙下：名词作状语,向下;2.神弗福也福：名词作动词,赐福,保佑;三．古今异义1.间古义：参与今义：两个物体之间；中间例句：又何间焉2.鄙古义：鄙陋;这里指目光短浅;今义：轻视,看不起;例句：肉食者鄙,未能远谋3.安古义：养今义：平安例句：衣食所安,弗敢专也4.牺牲古义：指猪、牛、羊等;今义：放弃或损害一方的利益；为正义的事业舍弃生命;例句：牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也5.加古义：虚报今义：增例句：牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也6.狱古义：案件今义：监禁罪犯的地方例句：小大之狱7.情古义：实情今义：感情例句：小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情;8.忠古义：尽力做好分内的事;今义：忠诚例句：忠之属也9.可以古义：可以凭借今义：可以,表允许;例句：可以一战10.再古义：第二次今义：又一次例句：一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭;四．一词多义1．故：公问其故缘故,原因故克之所以,因此2．请：曹刿请见请求战则请从请允许我3．从：民弗从也听从战则请从跟随4．信：必以信实情小信未孚讲信用五．常见虚词1．以：何以战介词,凭、靠必以分人介词,把必以信介词,按照可以一战介词,凭、靠2．之：肉食者谋之第三人称代词,代鲁国将要迎战这件事小大之狱结构助词,的公与之乘第三人称代词,代曹刿公将驰之第三人称代词,代齐军登轼而望之第三人称代词,代齐军彼竭我盈,故克之第三人称代词,代齐军望其旗靡,故逐之第三人称代词,代齐军3．其：其乡人曰第三人称代词,代曹刿的下视其辙第三人称代词,代齐军的公问其故第三人称代词,代取胜的吾视其辙乱第三人称代词,代齐军的望其旗靡第三人称代词,代齐军的4．于：战于长勺在5．而：登轼而望之顺接连词,表修饰再而衰顺接连词,表承接三而竭顺接连词,表承接六．特殊句式一省略句1.曹刿请见;省略宾语“鲁庄公”2.又何间焉省略主语“你”3.乃入见;省略主语“曹刿”和“入”的宾语“朝”、“见”的宾语“鲁庄公”;4.必以分人省略介词“以”的宾语“之”5.对曰：“小惠未徧,民弗从也;”省略主语“曹刿”6.可以一战省略介词“以”的宾语“之”7.再而衰,三而竭“再”“三”后面省略了谓语“鼓”二状语后置句1.战于长勺即“于长勺战”三倒装句1.何以战即“以何战”四判断句1.忠之属也;2.夫战,勇气也;3.夫大国,难测也;七．写作特色一详略安排得当;本文紧扣“论战”来写,详写曹刿的言论,完整地表现了曹刿政治上的远见卓识和军事上的卓越才能;对于无助于表现人物性格的事一笔带过或一概不提,这样的剪裁,叙事清楚,详略得当,有力地突出了中心;第一段在略叙背景后就引出实质性的对话,由曹刿提出“何以战”开始,步步紧逼,直到庄公说出对“小大之狱”的态度后,曹刿才作了“忠之属也,可以一战”的结论,表现了他在政治上取信于民的思想;第二段着重写曹刿在战场上的决断能力,两次以“未可”和“可矣”来表现他善于掌握战机,以“齐师败绩”和“遂逐齐师”来证明他决断的正确;第三段再通过论述取胜原因,把他以小敌大必须抓准战机、详察敌情的战略战术思想表现出来;以上是详写的内容,其余与表现曹刿的“远谋”无关的事,如战争的起因,双方参战人数,战争的激烈程度等一概不提,而对“论战”起引线作用的事件如“请战”“从战”“克敌”等也只是一笔带过;这样剪裁,对再现军事家曹刿的形象,突出文章中心具有极大的作用;二运用对比手法运用对比手法,突出曹刿的远见卓识和军事才能;作者把曹刿的“远谋”和庄公之“鄙”作对比;文章开头就提出“肉食者鄙,未能远谋”,用以说明鲁庄公为代表的肉食者的浅陋,对比突出曹刿的远见卓识；接着在庄公与曹刿三问三答中,又对比出庄公未及曹刿善谋；然后在战争中,把庄公和曹刿的不同指挥方式作了对比描述：写庄公,以“将鼓”“将逐”跟上文“将战”相应,表现他在作战中不察敌情,急躁冒进；写曹刿,则以两个“未可”和两个“可矣”前后映衬,表现他既能把握住战略防御原则,又善于观察,善于捕捉战机,临阵从容,指挥若定;因此,庄公的轻率鲁莽、缺乏军事头脑和指挥才能与曹刿的胸有成竹、善于掌握战机、谨慎而又果断、冷静而又大胆的形象形成鲜明对比;最后,写战后“公问其故”,更显示出庄公无谋,而曹刿的分析透辟中肯,有谋与无谋,鲜明对比,突出了曹刿的形象,突出了“论战”的主题;三运用伏笔照应的写法作者在第二段中埋设伏笔：对曹刿为什么必待“齐人三鼓”而后才认为可以击鼓进军,为什么在“齐师败绩”之后还要“下视其辙,登轼而望之”,然后才认为可以追击,都先不作交代;把这两个问题留到下面去解答,才能更好突出“论战”的主旨;第三段,写曹刿论述这次战役取胜的原因;这段论述用两个“夫”字依次带出两层意思：第一层以“战,勇气也”为根据,提出要选择“彼竭我盈”的时机发动进攻的观点,回答了作战时为什么在“齐人三鼓”之后他才认为“可”“鼓”的问题；第二层以“大国难测”,以谨防埋伏为根据,提出判断敌方真实动态的观点,说。
初中英语重点句型（Unit 1 The changing world - Topic 3 The world has changed for the better. ）1. 学习句型，理解句型的含义。
2. 正确地运用句型，并能灵活地用于作文中。
3. 继续学习现在完成时，并注意since和for在该时态中的用法区别。
重点：1. You have been in New York for a long time．2. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help.3. Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with drugs or because they have a mental illness.4. We must think of the homeless as people, not just as problems.5. Project Hope has made important contributions to both the education and the health of children.难点：现在完成时考点精讲：【课文朗读】Section A(Helen and Bob are talking on the phone.)Helen: You have been in New York for a long time. How do you like living there?Bob: It’s great. I really love itHelen: But I heard that the local traffic was terrible and almosteveryone drove too fast.Bob: Oh, you will get used to it very soon if you come.Helen: I also heard the streets were dirty.Bob: They used to be, but the city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.Helen: Isn’t it dangerous to live there?Bob: Well, it was in the past, but it’s quite safe now. As a matter of fact, it’s a wonderful place to live. Near our block, there are beautiful parks, good schools, famous museums and excellent restaurants. And you can go to plays, concerts and operas every day if you like. You must come for a visit. Then you can see New York yourself.Section BMaria: What are you reading, Jane?Jane: I’m reading a newspaper from Canada. Martin showed me an interesting article. It is about a program that helps homeless people.Maria: Are there homeless people in Canada?Jane: Oh, yes. Many countries have homeless people. The article says one city has a wonderful program. Since it started, it has helped hundreds of people return to work and live a normal life.Maria: That sounds great! How do they manage it?Jane: Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help.Maria: Can the homeless people get enough food, homes and medical treatment?Jane: Yes. And it’s not only that. The program also provides them with job training so that they can find jobs again.Maria: I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.Jane: You are right. The world has changed for the better.Section COne of the most basic human needs is a home. A home is a safe place. While most people around the world value their homes, there are many people in every country who are homeless.Some people are homeless for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to another, and other people are not able to find a home. They must live on the streets or in a shelter.There are many causes of homelessness. Sometimes people can not keep a home because they do not earn enough money, or because they do not have a job. Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with drugs or because they have a mental illness. No one is ever homeless on purpose.Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the effects are the same. Homeless people must work very hard to live. They can not raise their children. Sometimes they must steal food just to eat. The government in every country has worked for many years to support the homeless but more needs to be done. We must think of the homeless as people, not just as problems.【句型精析】1. You have been in New York for a long time．你在纽约待了很长时间。
九年级(上) 语文复习资料1 沁园春雪（易考）①基础知识：本课作者毛泽东，字润之，伟大的无产阶级革命家、军事家、思想家，著名诗人、书法家。
本文选自《毛泽东诗词集》。
②重难字词：惟余莽莽顿失滔滔妖娆（娇艳美好）红妆素裹一代天骄③重点句段： 1.北国风光，千里冰封，万里雪飘：这三句总写北国雪景，创造了宏大的境界，把读者引入了一个冰天雪地、广袤无垠的银色世界；运用互文的修辞，给人以纵深广袤之感；“封”写地面，“飘”写天空，动静结合，威猛雄奇。
2.须晴日，看红妆素裹，分外妖娆：“看”与“望”字照应，写出诗人欣赏祖国河山的无限赞叹之情。
“红妆素裹”运用比喻修辞，把江山美景比作少女的衣装，形容红日与白雪交相辉映的艳丽景象。
“分外妖娆”赞美的激情溢于言表。
这三句想象雪后晴日当空的景象，写的是虚景。
3.江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰：这两句在上片的写景与下片的议论之间起承上启下的过渡作用，使全文浑然一体。
4.俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝：本句是对无产阶级英雄人物的赞美，由评论历史人物到赞美当代无产阶级和人民大众，使全词的境界达到高峰，点明了主旨，抒发了作者的豪情壮志。
④中心思想：这首词上片描写北国雪景，展现祖国山河的壮丽；下片由祖国山河的壮丽引出英雄人物，抒发了作者的远大抱负。
全词激发了人们的爱国热情和民族自豪感。
⑤理解性默写：采用比喻、对偶、夸张的修辞手法化静态为动态，描写了我国北方壮丽的雪景：山舞银蛇，原驰蜡象。
点明这首词的中心的句子是：俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。
全词中起承上启下作用的句子是：江山如此多娇，引无数英雄竞折腰。
2 雨说①基础知识：本文作者郑愁予，台湾人，被称为“浪子诗人”。
本文选自《郑愁予诗的自选Ⅰ》②重难字词：田圃喧嚷洗礼襁褓禁锢喑哑(嘶哑) 蓑衣温声细语润如油膏③重点句段： 1.雨说，我来了，我来探访四月的大地：这句话写出了春雨知时而降、春雨的珍贵以及春雨的爱心形象——这雨俨然是一位春天的使者，爱的使者。
九上-Unit 1-重点句型重点句型知识讲解Part 1课文原文How I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad dream. ①The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.②Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. ③Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the interesting conversations in English movies. ④I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” I did not un derstand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class.⑤ I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.句型讲解1. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.翻译：老师讲得太快了，以至于大部分时间我听不懂她（的话）。
仁爱版九年级 Unit 1 topic2 Topic2 A部分课文要点如下：ever，never，already，yet 用法1、ever曾经 ：用在疑问句和否定句中Have you ever been to Jilin University? 曾经去过吉林大学 吗？2、never:从不No,I have never been to Jilin University. 从没去过吉林大学3、already 已经: 用在肯定句But I have already been to Tsinghua University. 去过清华大学4、yet 已经,还，然而：用在疑问句和否定句中I haven't been to Peking University yet.还没去过北京大学I have never been to Peking University.从没去过1、popular流行的 ---un popular---popular ity流行度be popular with 受某些人的欢迎2、populate聚居---population---人口3、(1)购物中心-----shopping center(2)百货商场-----department store(3)中心公园-----central park(4)center中心-----central 中心的(5)世纪公园-----Century Park(6)天安门广场----Tian'anmen Square(7)时代广场-----Times Square(8)莫斯科红场------Red Square4、我以前从未去过那儿，但我再也不想去那儿了I have never been there before,but I don't want to go there any more.not...any more 不再...not ..any longer 时间上不再继续 例：He couldn't wait any longer. 5、走失，迷路-----get lost我们走散了，找不到对方-----We got lost and couldn't find each other.我的钢笔丢了----My pen is lost=My pen is gone=My pen is mising.6、给...打电话------call sb up =ring sb up = make a phone call to sbI often call my mother up on weekends.7、倒装句：so+be+主语， 表示“....也一样”neither+be+主语, 表示“....也不”<1>He really hate going to a place like that.So ___ ___.他真的讨厌去那样的地方，我也是。
U1学习建议1.It’s too hard to understand spoken English.2.The more you read, the faster you’ll be.3.I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.4.I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie!5.My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.6.I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.7.I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of Englishmovies.8.I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.9.Everyone is born with the ability to learn.But whether or not you can do this well depends on yourlearning habits10.“Practice makes perfect.”Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned,and they arenot afraid of making mistakes.11.Knowledge comes from questioning.12.Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. Everything that you learnbecomes a part of you and changes you ,so learn wisely and learn wellU2 节日介绍1.New Year is a time for cleaning and washing away bad things.2.Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn festival and enjoying mooncakes forcenturies.3.They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss.4.After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing moon cakes with theirfamilies.5.What fun the water Festival is!6.How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!7.I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate mother’s day and father’s day inChina.8.But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas: the importance of sharing andgiving love and joy to people around us.U3 礼貌用语1.When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.2.Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations.3.It might seem more difficult to speak politely then directly.4.However, it’s important to learn how to use the right language in different situations. This willhelp you communicate better with other people.U4 自身改变1.Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.2.You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is.3.Many times I thought about giving up, but I fought on.4.You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed.5.Only a very small number of people make it to the top.6.He works very hard and does well in school.7.Sometimes he was absent from class and failed to his examinations.8.They take pride in everything good that I do.9.He has even joined the school basketball team and become active in many other activities.10.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.11.Kate’s grandparents have had a great influence on her.12.People are usually required to give a general self-introduction in a job interview.U5 产品产地1.It seems that many people all over the word drink Chinese tea.2.He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.3.He hopes that in the future China will also get better at making high-technology products thatpeople can buy in all parts of the world.4.Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.5.They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.6.Paper cutting has been around for over 1500 years.7.These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.U6 发明激励1.The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.2.This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world.3.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the oneswho best understand the nature of tea.4.Tea is now traded between many different countries.5.At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.6.The popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming ofbecoming famous players.7.The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.8.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.9.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.U7 亲子关系1.Teenagers shouldn’t be allowed to have part-time jobs.2.When I was two running through the fields, she made sure I was safe and kept me from danger.3.Now I’m an adult, thinking back to those times.4.I regret talking back, not listening to mom.5.Parents should give teenagers chances to make their own decisions.6.Their parents believe that they should be educated to take care of themselves from a young age.7.However, in most Asian societies, it is not common for teenagers to move out.8.That’s why many Chinese adults continue to live with their parents.9.Parents should not to be too strict with teenagers.10.Many teenagers have hobbies. But sometimes these can get in the way of their schoolwork, andparents might worry about their success at school.11.Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.12.He needs to think about what will happen if he doesn’t end up as a professional runner.13.I think I should be allowed to decide for myself.14.I think I should be allowed to make this choice myself.15.Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.16.No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be solved in the end.U8 景观介绍1.He’s wearing a suit. He might be running to catch a bus to work.2.Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors.3.As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body.4.Others think it was built to celebrate a victory over an enemy.5.One of the greatest mysteries is how it was built because the stones are so big and heavy.6.Some people think the rocks can not only stop people from becoming ill but also keep themhealthy.U9 表达喜好1.I like smooth music that helps me relax after a long week at work.2.I prefer movies that give me something to think about.3.While some people stick to only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds depending onhow I feel that day.4.When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up.5.The characters may not be perfect, but they try their best to solve their problems.ughing for two hours is a good way to relax.7.She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.8.It was one of the most moving pieces of music that I’ve ever heard.9.The music was written by Abing, a folk musician who was born in the city of Wuxi in 1893.10.It’s a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded it for the future word to hear, but hispopularity continues to this day.11.It has become one of China’s national treasures.12.Its sad beauty not only paints a picture of Abing’s own life but also makes people recall theirdeepest wounds from their own sad or painful experiences.U10 文化差异1.You are supposed to shake hands.2.As soon as I held out my hand, he bowed.3.To my surprise, she kissed me on both sides of my face.4.Where I’m from, we are pretty relaxed about time.5.We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives.6.We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!7.I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it’s impolite to keep otherswaiting.8.We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.9.It is helpful to learn as many of these customs as possible.10.They go out of their way to make me feel at home.11.You wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has improved because of that.12.Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t worry me as it used to.13.My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table.14.I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it.15.Let me give you some suggestions and advice about Chinese customs.16.Have a safe trip, and I look forward to meeting you soon!17.In many countries, it is impolite to show up at someone’s house for the first time with emptyhands.U11 情绪处理1.Sad movies make me cry.2.The more I get to know Julie, the more I realize that we have a lot in common.3.It makes Alice unhappy because she thinks Julie is now better friends with me than with her.4.His face was always pale as chalk.5.And this was the day we would get our exam results back, but I didn’t answer the exam questionsvery well last week.6.He felt like there was a heavy weight on his shoulders as he walks home alone.7.His mind would not stop thinking about what happened only just an hour ago on the school soccerfield.8.But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself.9.If you have a good team, you are supposed to support each other.10.Winning or losing is only half the team. The other half is learning how to communicate with yourteammates and learning from your mistakes.11.Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart.12.I think if we continue to pull together, we are going to win the next one.13.To his surprise and relief, his teammates all nodded in agreement.14.She was worried because she disappointed her parents.U12 意外1.Life is full of the unexpected.2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.3.I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door.4.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.5.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.6.We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.7.I felt lucky to be alive.8.I jumped out of bed and went straight to the airport.9.My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.10.April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.11.It happens on April 1st every year and is the day when many people play all kinds of treats andjokes on each other.12.This was the luckiest/unluckiest day of my life.U13 环境保护1.We are trying to save the earth.2.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.3.We should write to the government and ask them to close down the factories.4.Everyone should help to clean up the river.5.Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!6.People are also littering in public places like parks. This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.7.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.8.There are other advantages of bike riding.9.I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help.10.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!11.Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.12.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.13.Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can bebrought back to life with a little creativity.14.The air pollution is getting worse and worse.U14 回忆时光1.She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were.2.Because of her, I put in more effort and my exam scores doubled.3.Looking back at these past three year, I remember many things.4.I have become much better at speaking English.5.I used to take dance lessons, but I do n’t anymore.6.In Grade 8, I studied harder but I still got poor grades in English. I had problems withpronunciation and reading texts.7.I can’t believe how fast the time went by!8.With Mr. Trent’s help, my English level has been improving and I hope to get good grades at theend of the year.9.I hope to get a business degree and become a manager.10.You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge.11.Never fail to be thankful to the people around you.stly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life.13.You will make mistakes along the way but the key is to learn from your mistakes and never giveup.14.But along with difficulties, there will also be many exciting things waiting for you.15.Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things, and you have the ability to make yourown choices.16.Choose wisely and be responsible for your decisions and actions.17.The future is yours/ours.。
