上海高三英语辅导讲义-第二讲名词性从句

上海高三英语辅导讲义-第二讲名词性从句辅导讲义课题名称第二讲名词性从句讲义序号教学目标（1）掌握名词性从句的种类。

（2）引导名词性从句的连接词。

（3）学会运用名词性从句。

教学重点难点重点：名词性从句的引导词难点：掌握what在名词性从句的用法教学过程第二讲名词性从句1.从句的分类形容词性从句，即定语从句状语从句（分9种）从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2.说明：①名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成份，有不同的叫法。

②引导名词性从句的词语主要有：a.从属连词that，无词义，不作句子成分；b.从属连词if，whether（是否）有词义，但不作句子成分；c.从属连词as if（=as though，似乎、好像）有词义，但不作句子成分；d.连接代词who，whoever，what，whatever，whom，whomever，which，whichever，how much，how many 有词义，作成分；e.连接副词when，whenever，where，wherever，why，how，however，how often，how soon，how far，how long作句子成分。

③在名词性从句中，要用陈述语序。

【例】1.I don?t know where do es he live.(false)I don?t know where he lives.(true) 我不知道他住在哪。

2.What life in the future will be like is unknown.(true)What will life in the future be is unknown.(false)④不可用no matter who，no matter what等引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。

一、主语从句1.定义：若处在主语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做主语从句。

2.注意事项：a.在主语从句中，任何引导词都不可以省去。

【例】That her hair is turning grey worries her.b.在主语从句中，不用if，用whether。

【例】Whether he will come or not is not clear.(true)c.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

若谓语动词为两个或两个以上时，则用复数。

【例】1.Where we will have a holiday hasn?t be en decided.2.Where we?ll go picnicing and how we will go aren?t clear.d.主语从句作主语时，习惯上用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。

但由what，whatever，whoever引导的主语从句，没有这个习惯。

【例】1.It?s very clear that the boy was seriously ill.形式主语真正的主语2.It?s uncertain whether we?ll have a meeting today.3.It hasn't been decided when they will leave for(前往) New York.e.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常见句型有：It's certain/uncertain that……肯定…/不确定……It's likely/possible/probable that…有可能……It's a pity/shame that…很可惜/很遗憾……It's no surprise that…毫不奇怪/很正常……It's said/reported/thought/believe that…据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信……It happens that…碰巧……f.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须用it做形式主语。

【例】1.Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture?2.Does it matter much that they w on?t come?g.主语从句的虚拟语气，常见句型如下：It's a pity/shame/no wonder+that+主语+(should)+ v.…It's requested/suggested/desired+that+主语+(should)+ v.…It's necessary/strange/important+that+主语+(sho uld)+ v.…二、表语从句1.定义：若处在表语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。

2.注意事项：a.引导表语从句的任何词都不可以省（在口语中that偶尔可以省去）。

【例】The truth is (that) I have never been there.b.在表语从句中，不用if，用whether。

c.as if（=as though）可以引导表语从句。

【例】It looks as if it?s going to rain.The girl seems as though she has cried.d.有争议的because：有的语法家叫之表语从句，有的则称之为强调句的省略。

【例】—Why was he late?—It was because his bike was broken.e.reason不能和because连用，要用that代替。

【例】The reason why he didn?t come was that he was ill.三、宾语从句1.定义：若处在宾语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。

2.注意事项：①引导宾语从句的that可以省，但若有两个或以上的that引导的宾语从句时，只可以省去第一个that，其后的不省。

【例】I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.②that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，不可以省去that。

【例】That he ever said such a thing,I simply don?t believe.③if和whether在引导宾语从句时，可以互换，但在下列情况下不可以：a.与or not连用时，只用whether，不用if。

b.宾语从句是否定句时，用if，不用whether。

【例】I don?t care if it doesn?t rain.c.用if引导的宾语从句，如果会产生歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。

【例】Please tell me if you intend to go.上例中if翻译为“如果”、“是否”均可。

d.介词后的宾语从句，只用whether，不用if。

【例】It depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.e.与不定式连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。

【例】I don?t know whether to go or not.f.discuss后接whether引导的宾语从句，不可接if。

g.将宾语从句放在句首时，只用whether引导，不用if。

【例】Whether he?ll come to the meeting tomorrow,I?m not sure.④如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语时，则需用it作形式主语，而将宾语后置，此时that不可省。

【例】1.We thought it strange that Xiao Ming didn?t attend the meeting yesterday.2.We find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.3.He made it clear that anyone who broke the law would be punished.⑤介词后的宾语从句不可以用which来引导，用what或whatever。

【例】1.Are you sorry for what you have done?2.The Emperor was pleased with what the minister had told him about the cloth.3.He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.⑥在宾语从句中，时态要一致：若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。

【例】he is having supper now.he saw the film yesterday.he will go to Shanghai next week.I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.he often goes to work by bus.he has read the magazine before.若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。

但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。

【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)He said he would come to see me next week.(true)He said he has been there.(false)He said he had been there.(true)他说他曾经在这。

2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

⑦由连词that引导的宾语从句很少做介词的宾语，只用在except （=but，除…以外，不包括在内）、besides （除…以外，包括某一范围在内）之后，且此时的that不可省。

其它一些介词后若出现that 引导的宾语从句时，要用it先行一步，作形式宾语，后放从句。

【例】1.The girl hasn?t changed at all except that she is no longer so talktive (adj.健谈的).2.Your composition is well-written except that there are a few spelling mistakes.3.You may depend on it that they?ll support you.4.We must see to (确保) it that everyone will be pleasant at the meeting.⑧在宾语从句中应注意句型：what is the matter with him.(true)I don't know what's wrong with him.(true) 已是陈述语序what wrong is with him.(false)what the matter is with him.(false)⑨believe，think，guess，suppose在含有宾语从句的疑问句中要作“插入语”。