2013年上外英语语言文学英汉互译

201320135%1.Clinton's Global Initiative2.Elysee Palace3.Palace of Westminster4.Department of Interior5.lead from the behind6.bank run7.Libor8.Sequester9.Korean Armistice Agreement10.Muslim Brotherhood11.Lean In12.Troika13.Air Force One14.PM2.515.Anonymous (an organisation)16. China Railway Corporation5%1.2.3.4.5. .6. 5007.8.9.10.11. 5+112.13.14.Global Markets' Time Factor21 March 2013BARCELONA – In recent months, the dichotomy between booming financial markets, on the one hand, and sluggish economies and dysfunctional politics, on the other, has loomed large. Yet insufficient attention is being devoted to a critical factor – time, and who controls it – that could well mean the difference between an orderly global resolution of today’s growing inconsistencies and a return to a more troubled phase.Markets have been understandably buoyant in the first quarter of 2013. Most economic data confirm that, after the trauma caused by the global financial crisis, the United States’ economy is healing, and doing so in an accelerated fashion.The sequence is now well established. It started with large multinational companies, which are on as solid a financial footing as I can remember. Smaller firms are gradually recuperating; banks have rebuilt their capital cushions and reduced their dubious assets; the housing sector has stabilized; and a growing number of households are reestablishing healthier balance sheets, especially as employment gradually picks up.This private-sector recovery is helping government finances. The US budget deficit has been on a downward trend for now, helped by both higher revenues and lower pressure on spending (for example, payments to the unemployed have fallen as joblessness has declined).The healing process is also evident in Europe, though, unfortunately, it is effectively limited only to sovereign-bond markets. The real economy remains under enormous pressure in several countries, as economies contract and unemployment remains alarmingly high.After flirting with disaster last July, interest-rate spreads for eurozone bonds have generally been subdued, and financial segmentation has been slowly reversed (that is, at least before European officials embarked on the controversial path of trying to impose losses on guaranteed bank deposits in Cyprus). Moreover, as Ireland’s highlysuccessful €5 billion ten-year bond issue in mid-March demonstrated, some countries are in the process of restoring normal access to capital markets.The impact on markets of these trends has been turbocharged by central banks, which are risk markets’ best friends. This is not because they wish to play that role; rather, it is because higher asset prices are essential if central bankers stand any chance of delivering the desired economic outcomes of higher growth and stronger job creation.This is most evident in the US, where markets love the Federal Reserve’s trifecta of near-zero policy interest rates (negative in real terms), aggressive forward policy guidance, and asset purchases – all of which push investors to take more risk. Markets also welcome the fact that the Fed’s hyperactive experimentation is forcing other central banks around the world to pursue more expansionary policies.Indeed, from the Bank of Japan’s dramatic policy U-turn to the Bank of Mexico’s surprise interest-rate cuts, the Fed’s approach is affecting central banks in a growing number of countries. Pushed further away from best-case scenarios, they are unable to ignore the global liquidity impact of the Fed’s policies, yet they lack the right policy tools to address it.The mix of endogenous healing and strong central-bank tailwinds, including from a “whatever it takes” European Central Bank, has also helped markets shrug off troubling political uncertainties. Be it the US Congress’s paralyzing polarization or Italy’s protest vote against the established political order, politicians are being given time to overcome their dysfunction, thereby minimizing any immediate disruptive impact.Understandably, investors have interpreted all of this as a green light to take more risk. And with the hype this month over eight successive records for the Dow Jones index (and many other records around the world), excitement induces more investors to enter riskier asset markets.The excitement is not anxiety-free, however, and rightly so. Investors worry about the longer-term consequences of political dysfunction, another year of Europeaneconomic contraction, disastrously high unemployment, unprecedented – and thus untested – central bank policies, and increasing global tensions. And the recent bungling of the Cyprus rescue does not help. No wonder some have called the recent market rally “one of the most unloved” in history.This mix of excitement and anxiety is, in fact, a sign of the looming crossroads that faces investors. One road, involving a relatively orderly handoff from policy-assisted recovery to self-sustaining growth, offers the possibility of even greater financial rewards, as rapidly improving economic and political conditions validate current artificial pricing and drive it higher.The other road is a lot less attractive. With insufficient endogenous healing and no economic escape velocity, the effectiveness of central banks’ policies wanes and political dysfunction increases, leading to financial losses, volatility spikes, and huge risk-management challenges.Given current policy and political uncertainties – and the multiple equilibria that they entail – it is difficult to predict with a high degree of confidence which road eventually will be taken and when. Those who claim otherwise may well fail to appreciate fully the exceptional nature of the current situation.In these circumstances, timing may not be everything, but it may prove to be a key determinant of the probabilities. If the journey to the crossroads is accelerated by a large geopolitical shock (originating in, say, the Middle East or North Korea) and/or a serious political breakdown in Europe (for example, a meltdown in Cyprus or prolonged political paralysis in Italy), the probability of taking the adverse path rises to an uncomfortably high level. If, however, central banks can contain domestic and global inconsistencies long enough, the combination of endogenous healing and eventual political progress would significantly improve the probability distribution.Have no doubt: today’s markets rely heavily on the old adage that “time heals all wounds.” The timekeepers are central banks. But their control of the clock is less than perfect; and it will become increasingly ineffective if economic improvement faces additional political headwinds in the months ahead.20%Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerptand the assignment below.Nowadays nothing is private: our culture has become tooconfessional and self-expressive. People think that to hide one’sthoughts or feelings is to pretend not to have those thoughts orfeelings. They assume that honesty requires one to express everyinclination and impulse.Adapted from J. David Velleman, “The Genesis of Shame”Assignment: Should people make more of an effort to keep some things private?Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue.Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies, experience, or observations.2013201325%)The Crumbling BRICSNew Delhi-In 2001, when Jim O’Neill of Goldman Sachs coined the acronym BRIC to refer to Brazil, Russia, India, and China, the world had high hopes for the fouremerging economies, whose combined gross domestic product was expected to reach$128.4 trillion by 2050, dwarfing the United States’ projected GDP of $38.5 trillion. When the four countries’ leaders gather tomorrow in South Africa – which joined their ranks in 2010, contributing the ‘ S ’ – for the fifth BRICS summit, their progress and potential will be reassessed.The summit ’ s hosts have set ambitious goals, reflected in the summit ’ s theme:“ BRICS and Africa – a partnership for development, integration, andindustrialisation.” They seek to advance national interests, further the African agenda,and realign the world’s financial, political, and trade architecture – an agenda that encompasses objectives from previous summits, while reflecting South Africa’s goal of harnessing its membership to benefit all of Africa.But, while strengthening ties with African countries might seem like the kind of pragmatic development issue that should bring consensus, the seeds of doubt are already being sown. Lamido Sanusi, the governor of Nigeria ’ s central bank, has called for Africans to recognise that “their romance with China” has helped to bring about “a new form of imperialism”.Moreover, the central item on the summit ’ s agenda, a proposed “ BRICS development bank”, is one that has gone nowhere at previous summits. This time, armed with a “feasibility study” put together by the five BRICS finance ministers,some progress may at last be made. With trade, both among the BRICS countries and between the BRICS and the rest of Africa, expected to increase from roughly $340 billion in 2012 to more than $500 billion in 2015, there is also much to discuss on the commercial front.So far, the goal of “global realignment” away from the advanced countries has catalysed these five very disparate countries’ efforts to forge their own bloc. But the primacy given to“advancing national interests” has always precluded real concerted action, at least until now.This is why the idea of establishing a BRICS development bank has taken on such importance. And the recently conducted feasibility study might spur long-awaited progress. But toward what end?According to China ’ s official news agency, the development bank ’ s primary objective would be “to direct development in a manner that reflects the BRICS’priorities and competencies”. Once the bank is established, a working group will be tasked with building the necessary technical and governance capacity.But this stock rhetoric fails to address the discrepancies between the BRICS ’interests, or to define the bank’s role in reconciling and advancing them.The fact that China is already Africa ’ s top trading partner, for example, invites questions about the proposed bank’s potential contributions. And China’s answer –that the bank would foster the “development of more robust and inter-dependent tiesbetween the BRICS” – provides little substance. Is the bank supposed to serve as acounterweight to global multilateral development financiers such as the World Bank,or to reduce American and European dominance over the Bretton Woods institutions?Whatever the underlying objective, it must be identified, and its concomitant risks addressed, if the BRICS are to make genuine progress. For example, if the proposed bank is simply an additional funding institution aimed at supporting the BRICS ’s development agenda, the participating countries’ leaders must establish how it will interact with national institutions, such as the Brazilian Development Bank, the China Development Bank, and the Export-Import Bank of India.But the problem of aligning the BRICS’ interests is a much deeper one. Consider India ’ s need for massive investments in infrastructure, made evident in itsjust-proposed 2013-14 budget. Some hopeful Indians see a BRICS bank as a way to channel China’s surplus funds – as well as its expertise and experience – to such investments (especially railways), as well as to strengthen Sino-Indian ties. But given the two countries ’ many serious bilateral problems, will either government really want to bind itself so closely to the other? Although Wen Jiabao, in his final address as prime minister, highlighted the enduring obstacles to China ’ s economic development (many of which its fellow BRICS share), China’s new president, Xi Jinping, insists that his country will not sacrifice its “ sovereignty, security, ordevelopment interests” for the sake of more trade.Meanwhile, Russia’s impaired democracy and resource-driven economy are a poor example for its fellow BRICS – and, in fact, could serve as a warning to the others about the risks of excessive reliance on the state. And Brazil, like India a genuine democracy, also seems sui generis. Despite the commodities boom of the last decade,its industrial output relative to GDP is no higher than it was when the effort to create aBRICS bloc began.The BRICS’ ambitions – and the world’s expectations for them – may yet be fulfilled. But shared potential does not translate into collaborative action. On the contrary, each of the BRICS will have to pursue its goals, and confront its challenges, individually.25%30 “ ” “” “ ”10 38.9%1970-1980 10.5% 2001-2010 57.7%30 1.44-3 1.4-2.6 ;20“ ”“ ”。

上外考研英语语言文学英汉互译备考练习高译教育专注于上外各专业考研及上海其他院校外语专业考研辅导，专业的人，做专业的事，选择高译可以获得比别人更有优势的考研备考和更明确的复习方向。

上外英汉互译这科常考文学类题材的翻译，今天再来鉴赏一段朱自清散文片段的英文翻译，学习一下大家是如何恰当翻译的。

匆匆朱自清燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。

但是，聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁？又藏在何处呢？是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢？我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。

在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。

我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。

去的尽管去了，来的尽管来着；去来的中间，又怎样地匆匆呢？早上我起来的时候，小屋里射进两三方斜斜的太阳。

太阳他有脚啊，轻轻悄悄地挪移了；我也茫茫然跟着旋转。

于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去；吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去；默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。

我觉察他去的匆匆了，伸出手遮挽时，他又从遮挽着的手边过去。

天黑时，我躺在床上，他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过，从我脚边飞去了。

等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。

我掩着面叹息。

但是新来的日子的影儿又开始在叹息里闪过了。

在逃去如飞的日子里，在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢？只有徘徊罢了，只有匆匆罢了；在八千多日的匆匆里，除徘徊外，又剩些什么呢？过去的日子如轻烟，被微风吹散了，如薄雾，被初阳蒸融了；我留着些什么痕迹呢？我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢？我赤裸裸来到这世界，转眼间也将赤裸裸地回去罢？但不能平的，为什么偏要白白走这一遭啊？你聪明的，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？Transient Days（张培基版）If swallows go away,they will come back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they will flower again.But,tell me,you the wise,why should our days go by never to return?Perhaps they have been stolen by someone.But who could it be and where could he hide them?Perhaps they have just run away by themselves.But where could they be at the present moment?I don't know how many days I am entitled to altogether,but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away.Counting up silently,I find that more than 8,000days have already slipped away through my fingers.Like a drop of water falling off a needle point into the ocean,my days are quietly dripping into the stream of time without leaving a trace.At the thought of this,sweat oozes from my forehead and tears trickle down my cheeks.What is gone is gone,what is to come keeps coming.How swift is the transition in between!When I get up in the morning,the slanting sun casts two or three squarish patches of light into my small room.The sun has feet too,edging away softly and stealthily.And,without knowing it,I am already caught in its revolution.Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands; vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.Aware of its fleeting presence,I reach out for it only to find it brushing past my out-stretched hands.In the evening, when I lie on my bed,it nimbly strides over my body and flits past my feet.By the time when I open my eyes to meet the sun again,another day is already gone.I heave a sign,my head buried in my hands.But,in the midst of my sighs,a new day is flashing past.Living in this world with its fleeting days and teeming millions,what can I do but waver and wander and live a transient life?What have I been doing during the 8,000fleeting days except wavering and wandering?The bygone days,like wisps of smoke,have been dispersed by gentle winds,and,like thin mists,have been evaporated by the rising sun.What traces have I left behind?No,nothing,not even gossamer-like traces.I have come to this world stark naked,and in the twinkling of an eye,I am to go to back as stark naked as ever.However,I am taking it very much to heart:why should I be made to pass through this world for nothing at all?O you the wise,would you tell me please:why should our days go by never to return?Rush（朱纯深版）Swallows may have gone,but there is a time ofreturn;willow trees may have died back,but there isa time of regreening;peach blossoms may havefallen,but they will bloom again.Now,yo u the wise,tell me,why should our days leave us, never toreturn?-If they had been stolen by som eone,whocould it be?Where could he hide them?If they had made the escape themselves,then wherecould they stay at the moment?I don't know how many days I have been given to spend,but I do feel my hands are gettinge mpty.Taking stock silently,I find that more than eight thousand days have already slid awayfrom me.Like a drop of water from the point of a needle disappearing into the ocean,my daysare drip ping into the stream of time, soundless,traceless.Already sweat is starting on myforehead,and te ars welling up in my eyes.Those that have gone have gone for good,those to come keep coming;yet in between,hows wift is the shift,in such a rush?When I get up in the morning,the slanting sun marks itspresence in my small room in two or three oblongs.The sun has feet,look,he is treading on,lightly and fu rtively;and I am caught,blankly,in his revolution.Thus--the day flows awaythrough the sink wh en I wash my hands, wears off in the bowl when I eat my meal,andpasses away before my day-dr eaming gaze as reflect in silence.I can feel his haste now,so Ireach out my hands to hold him bac k,but he keeps flowing past my withholding hands.In theevening, as I lie in bed,he strides over my body,glides past my feet,in his agile way. Themoment I open my eyes and meet the sun agai n,one whole day has gone.I bury my face inmy hands and heave a sigh.But the new day begins t o flash past in the sigh.What can I do,in this bustling world,with my days flying in their escape? Nothing but tohes itate,to rush.What have I been doing in that eight-thousand-day rush,apart fromhesitating?Thos e bygone days have been dispersed as smoke by a light wind,or evaporatedas mist by the mornin g sun. What traces have I left behind me?Have I ever left behind anygossamer traces at all?I hav e come to the world,stark naked;am I to go back,in a blink,inthe same stark nakedness?It is not fair though:why should I have made such a trip fornothing!You the wise,tell me,why should our days leave us,never to return?专注上外考研辅导高译教育-由上外及北外硕博校友创办，专注上外各个专业考研、考博及上海院校外语专业考研、考博辅导。

05年：Human Greatness.汉译英参考译文Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”孔子曾经说过“三人行，必有我师焉。

”因此学生并不一定就低老师一等，老师也不见得就一定比学生优秀。

只不过有的人比别人更早地明白真理，有的人拥有特殊技能罢了。

A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): 在《学记》和《礼记》的著名段落中我们也能找到类似的思想。

“食美与否，不吃不知其味也；理善与否，不学不知其真也”“However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste. however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. 因此，其学者知其不足，其教授者只其难也。

Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies. when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. 知不足，则学者省自身；知其难，则教授者得进取。

翻译学（MA）（所属院系：013高级翻译学院）英语语言文学（所属院系：006英语学院）复试参考书目（包括笔试与口试）：注：2011年报考我校英语语言文学专业硕士研究生的考生在复试时各不同研究方向复试内容有所不同，网报时请谨慎选择研究方向，一旦选定，不得更改。

语言学方向1. 戴炜栋何兆熊（主编）《新编简明英语语言学教程》上海外语教育出版社,20022. 胡壮麟（主编）《语言学教程》second edition, 北京大学出版社，20013. George Yule 1996/2000 The Study of Language (second edition), Cambridge University Press/Foreign Language Research &Teaching Press英美文学方向美国文学吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of American Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社；Peter B. High, An Outline of American Literature, London and New York: Longman, 1988英国文学：吴伟仁编：History and Anthology of English Literature（第一、二册），北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988翻译（笔译）方向[英]杰里米·芒迪：《翻译学导论——理论与实践》.北京：商务印书馆，2007Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber：《翻译理论与实践》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004 冯庆华：《实用翻译教程》（增订本）.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002口译方向罗德里克•琼斯(Roderick Jones)：《会议口译解析》(Conference Interpreting Explained)，上海外语教育出版社，2008James Nolan：《口译：技巧与操练》（Interpretation: Techniques and Exercises）,上海外语教育出版社，2008鲍刚：《口译理论概述》, 中国对外翻译出版公司, 2005梅德明:《高级口译教程》，上海外语教育出版社，2006英美文化方向美国文化王恩铭编：American Culture & Society，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2009年修订版英国文化肖惠云主编：Contemporary British Culture and Society (Revised Edition)，《当代英国概况》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003王恩铭主编：《英语国家概况》，上海外语教育出版社，2008教学法方向K. Johnson：An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001David Nunan（主编）：Practical English Language Teaching（体验英语教学）北京：高等教育出版社，2004Jack C. Richards：The Language Teaching Matrix（语言教学矩阵）外语教学法丛书之十九，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002跨文化方向Required Reading:Larry A. Samovar & Richard E. Porter ：Communication between Cultures (5th Ed.),《跨文化交流》（第5版）（影印版），北京大学出版社，2004Carly Dodd: Dynamics of Intercultural Communication (5th Ed.) 《跨文化交际动力》(第5版)，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2007.胡文仲：《跨文化交际学概论》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999Recommended Reading:张红玲：《跨文化外语教学》，上海：.上海外语教育出版社，2007Samovar & Porter, edited., Intercultural Communication Reader (10th ed.), 上海外语教育出版社, 2007关世杰：《跨文化交流学: 提高涉外交流能力的学问》北京大学出版社，1995*同等学力考生须通过英语专业八级考试（详细要求见招生简章中报考条件的表一表二）*经资格审查，有资格报考单独考试的考生（具体要求见总章）网报时研究方向请选择“单独考试”，政治科目请选择“111单独考试政治理论”注：2011年报考我校英语语言文学专业硕士研究生的考生在复试时各不同研究方向复试内容有所不同，网报时请谨慎选择研究方向，一旦选定，不得更改。

2012年上海外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Austerity measures正确答案：财政紧缩措施2．UNESCO正确答案：(United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织3．The US Senate正确答案：(美国)参议院4．APEC正确答案：(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织5．The Washington Post正确答案：(美国)《华盛顿邮报》6．NATO正确答案：(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织7．Arab Spring正确答案：阿拉伯之春8．Gary Locke正确答案：骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9．Reuters正确答案：(美国)路透社10．The Wall Street Journal正确答案：(美国)《华尔街日报》汉译英11．十二五规划正确答案：Twelfth Five-Year Plan12．十七届三中全会正确答案：the Third Plenary Session of the seventeenth Central Committee 13．全国人大正确答案：NPC(National People’s Congress)14．新华社正确答案：the Xinhua News Agency15．软实力正确答案：Soft Power16．中美战略经济对话正确答案：China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue17．上海合作组织正确答案：SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization)18．珠江三角洲正确答案：Pearl River Delta19．西气东输正确答案：project of natural gas transmission from West to East China;West-East Gas Pipeline20．北京共识正确答案：Beijing Consensus英汉互译英译汉21．Reforming Education —The great schools revolution Education remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011|DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print edition From Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world. Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have been measuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years. Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institution like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results. Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses”for bad schools have receded in importance? Teachers’union have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves. The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money. Many still insist, though, that socialclass makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils under perform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of long standing and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first. Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best. So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four important themes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all betraced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.正确答案：教育改革——教育大改革教育改革始终是社会改革中最棘手的一部分，但随着越来越多的国家着手进行改革，人们逐渐学到一些重要的经验教训。

上海外国语大学考研
2013年翻硕翻译基础真题回忆版分享
一用中文解释（10个，总共15分）
the Great Depression，the 18th CPC Congress，ASEAN，CNN，GDP，IMF， Capitol Hill，US pivot to Asia，the Gaza Strip，QE3
二用英文解释（10个，总共15分）
科学发展观，可持续发展，纳米技术，中等收入陷阱，替代能源，长三角，独立自主的和平外交政策，钓鱼岛争端
三英译中
Broken BRICs ---by Richir Sharma（可以网上找得到，输入标题作者即可，有篇中英双文的，本来想复制粘贴过来的，但是好像URL不行）
四中译英
中国间谍，美国间谍之类的东西，（今年题量加大，难度下降，来不及做呐，25分钟战中译英，还有两小段没译，我那个运笔如飞，那个行书狂草，但是还是来不及呐。

大家以后合理安排时间吧）
（内容来源：考研论坛）
1。

上 海 对 外 贸 易 学 院 2013年 攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》试题适用翻译硕士专业（全部试题均做在答题纸上，否则不予得分）一、Phrases translation: (60 points)1. a seasoned general manager2. Saint Laurent, Chanel, Gucci, Amarni and other brands in the emerging market3. Double-digit growth in sales and operating profit4. Exceptional poised, articulate, and effective5. P&L experience6. Outstanding executive presence and communication skills7. To leverage customer relationships8. To quantify the financial impact of marketing and business decision 9. State-of-the art policy10. R uled out a few additional niche acquisitions11. T o increase pretax margins by 20%12. T o beg off 13. D rag one’s feet新浪 @ 鬼谷一喵 姚洋老师授课丗1312-6505-007电联14. E nough’s enough 15. F iduciary responsibility1. 行业知识丰富2. 极具合作精神，在跨部门项目中表现出色3. 获得极为正面的客户反馈4. 提升品牌质量和现场销售管理质量5. 自有品牌产品6. 负责3亿美元的产品业务7. 负责多个职能部门8. 组织一次全国销售会议9. 远见和个人魅力 10. 在风险重重的十字路口 11. 有创造力，出色的市场意识 12. 设定高绩效的标准13. 有号召力，能领导复杂项目14. 有机增长15. 担任更多的职务，增加业界间知名度二、Paragraphs translation: (90 points)1. Translate the following passage into Chinese :《Give respect and get performance 》新浪 @ 鬼谷一喵 姚洋老师授课丗1312-6505-007电联It sounds clichéd, but to get the best from your people, you have to showrespect for them. This can result in surprising decisions. There was a time when some people regarded workers in England as lazy and careless, but I recognized that England has a very strong appreciation of craftsmanship and tradition, so wepurchased a high-end footwear company, Church’s shoes. People in Italy thought this was crazy.Our first challenge was to decide what to do with the factories. Church’sowned a plant in the middle of Northampton that employed 600 people, and the smart move appeared to be to relocate it out of town, which would give us more space at less cost. But when I visited the factory, I saw that peopl e’s lives were organizedaround its location. Most employees lived nearby and would go home for lunch. If we moved them out of town, we’d be robbing them of an hour at home and forcing them to bring sandwiches to work. Their quality of life would be compromised, and they wouldn’t be getting anything in return. So we kept the factory in town.That decision has paid dividends. We retained nearly all the company’s veryhardworking and talented people, who have rewarded us with increased productivity. And we’ve proved a larger point: English workers are both cheaper and more industrious than Continental workers.You could say that work is about duties. People have a duty to work hardfor me, but I have a duty to respect them as individuals. Another duty I have is to help them learn. That’s a duty I owe to the company as well as to my employees, because a company whose managers take seriously the obligation to help their people improve will be a lot more competitive. Prada is rather good at developing talented employees. Many of our senior managers joined us as young people, and many of the people who have left us have gone on to launch successful businesses of their own.2. Translate the following passage into English :《重用年轻经理》我特别推崇年轻人。

2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院会议口译试题（上午笔试题）注：本试卷是一考生回忆版本，含有上午笔试题，中午口译题，和下午笔试题，试题内容不能有偿出卖，不能用于培训，供英语学习爱好者学习交流之用，试卷版权归上海外国语大学高翻学院所有。

一、名词解释：（用英文解释分值5%）1.Clinton's Global Initiative2.Elysee Palace3.Palace of Westminster4.Department of Interior5.lead from the behind6.bank run7.Libor8.Sequester9.Korean Armistice Agreement10.Muslim Brotherhood11.Lean In12.Troika13.Air Force One14.PM2.5二、名词解释：（用中文解释分值5%）1.大部制改革2.全口径预算3.寻租行为4.塞浦路斯救助5.杰克.卢6.标普5007.福克兰群岛8.碳足迹9.华西村10.知青11.伊核问题5+112.点心债券13.女性赋权14.亚布力论坛三、完形填空（没有找到原文，歉意，和2012年的形式一样，附上2012年真题完形原文，具体的空也不记得了，大概就是在中间随意挖20个空，分值20%）Reagan,Clinton'great'?Not so fastHistorians routinely rank presidents.They tend to agree on the truly great but also hold subjective views.Perhaps there should be an edict that no president can be pronounced"great"until50 years after leaving office.Reagan's sycophants contend he was truly great because he made Americans feel good about themselves and his policies made many of them richer.But,unlike Clinton,about whom we know too much,Reagan may be better remembered as a national enigma.He is credited with tamping down the Cold War.But that overlooks his near pathological hatred of the Soviet Union.And one biographer of his wife,Nancy, makes a convincing case that it was she who nudged him into serious arms-reduction talks.And although the Cold War was winding down on his watch,the Soviet Union ultimately,and perhaps inevitably,imploded of its own backwardness.Even Reagan's purported greatness gets wobbly when superimposed over the likes ofJean Edward Smith's brilliant new biography correctly recognizes Eisenhower as"the most successful president of the20th century,"with the exception of FDR.Yet,when Eisenhower left office51years ago,he was not highly regarded and was dismissively referred to as mediocre,a caretaker,a better general than chief executive.Americans are notoriously impatient to pass judgment.Perhaps it's a function of the pace of the world in which we live.We need to remember that no president is ever as bad as his enemies aver,and very few are equal to the adulation they receive.Public pronouncements of presidential greatness often suffer from myopia. Fortunately,time has its own perspective.Walter Rodgers,a former senior international correspondent for CNN,is a columnist for The Christian Science Monitor.四、写作：（题目来源于SAT1考试写作20%）Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below.Nowadays nothing is private:our culture has become too confessional and self-expressive.People think that to hide oneone’’s thoughts or feelings is to pretend not to have those thoughts or feelings.They assume that honesty requires one to express every inclination and impulse.Shame””Adapted from J.David Velleman,“The Genesis of ShameAssignment:Should people make more of an effort to keep some things private? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies,experience,or observations.范文：I cannot help but believe,despite my slight ambivalence over the issue of privacy,that the trends which now-a-days indicate a slight reluctance on part of people to keep some things private,are dangerous.Shows like"Jerry Springer"in the USA tend toreveal information that is inherently dangerous for young children,and thus should be kept private.A problem with capitalism that I have become cognizant of,through my observations, is that if some activity can help amass profits,it is widely employed.This almost insane drive to attain profit maximization not only ignores external and societal costs, but is setting dangerous cultural precedents.Since lurid,sensationalist confessions by 'average'people are quite appealing to the general television viewer,it is unsurprising that myriad shows have propped up on television,which pander to these very wants by exposing stories and information which is better kept dissembled.In this context,the show'Jerry Springer'epitomizes my argument.In this show,an array of family problems are presented to an audience,not for informationdissemination,but for'entertainment';In this case,which means—and I think this is quite obvious—nothing but mockery and amusement over the antics of people whochoose to expose their problems.These'personal predicaments'range from some less disturbing ones,such as people cheating on their friends or marital partners,to extremely grave ones,such as people sleeping with their relatives.I am not someone who would like to contravene principles like freedom of expression, or freedom of choice.But democracy as a system doesn’t herald absolute freedom for its own sake;rather,it champions the cause of'live and let live'.The latter principal is surely being violated by people who choose to expose such stories—for no plausible reasons I can conjure,since no family problem has actually been solved by such shows—to impressionable young children;for TV ratings and parental supervision do not always work.Am I exaggerating?Is it not harmful or psychologically detrimental when a child is exposed to such ideas?You be the judge.2013年上海外国语大学高级翻译学院会议口译试题（中午口译题）我今天要讲的题目是展望今后十年，第一个问题，发展优势的创造。

Lesson 11.3 美国副总统复旦演讲韩市长,非常感谢您!谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。

今天我们很高兴来到这里。

我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。

感谢贵国对我们的欢迎,特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。

我们为此感到不胜荣幸,谢谢你们!我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。

我听说贵校有极为严格的标准,得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。

我祝贺在座各位学业有成。

对各位老师坚持复旦大学 99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。

1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton UniversityLadies and Gentlemen,Good evening.I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleaguesand for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hopet hat today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话各位尊敬的来宾,女士们,先生们:下午好!欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼! 感谢各位拨冗光临,与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动!我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢! ”公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲,我们能干的员工感到骄傲, 他们发展了工厂的业务,使之达到国际水平。