雅思阅读How a Frenchman is reviving McDonald's in Europe

雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科/wiki/SS_Great_Eastern After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being conv erted to a cable-laying ship and laying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunn el under London's River Thames 题目配对tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical inno vations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (s ince engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turn of the century. Like many of Brunel's am bitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedule in the faceof a series of technical problems.great eastern 配对建设推迟了很对次和财务上不成功我配了两个Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, "a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on ade quate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the na ture and significance of the scientific method."Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's play Th e Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.Y/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的Y 然后信息配对有一道是The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by A merican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth. 这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Academic Reading 04/09/2010（，等考区）雅思阅读真题题源9.4号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that cantravel a long distancewithout taking a drink ofwater, the OrientalInstitute’s CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient andmodern space withoutpausing for the usualrefreshment known best by archaeologists —digging in the soil. CAMEL (the Center forAncient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,” said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city wall at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain, however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography.James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites.Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards, and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Instituteestablished in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 B.C.Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.From the beginning of the latest work at Kerkenes Dag, archaeologists have used nondestructive techniques to learn more about the site. Random trench work would probably not turn up much more information than was recovered in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended.“By employing a range of observational and remote sensing techniques across the entire area of the city, we have been able to fill in the blank spaces on an earlier map made by the Oriental Institute,” Branting said. The work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with a high degree of precision once digging began. Currently, another season of excavation is underway.“Since so much can be seen on the surface at Kerkenes Dag, this has proved to be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never before in archaeology has this technique been undertaken on such a grand scale. The terrain model is the basis for ongoing work to produce a virtual reconstruction of the entire city, neighborhood by neighborhood, building by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century B.C.Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as Pteria, which was conquered by the Lydian King Croesus in a failed effort to block the advance of the Persian Empire.“If the equation of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds true, then we can even more precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 B.C. and begin to underst and something of its international importance,” Branting said雅思阅读真题题源9.4号《九分达人》-----消费DematerializationUntil recently the role of consumption as a driving force for environmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy.The word dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially satiated.1Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. If smaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products. On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons,and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the tasks to be performed.2 Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about 2.6 times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately 4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about 2.0 times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem, as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips madewith the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In these instances, the number of units produced may have increased. Although dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about 1.1 billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1).In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example, a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a number of factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, largerplants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens, this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function as materializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys (e.g., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances,pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.第一篇：1、达尔文进化论被拿来作鸟的研究拓展，动物多样性保护，是表格题，直接在文中找答案就行了2、T/F/NG。

雅思（阅读）模拟试卷107(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Cutty Sark: the fastest sailing ship of all timeThe nineteenth century was a period of great technological development in Britain, and for shipping the major changes were from wind to steam power, and from wood to iron and steel.The fastest commercial sailing vessels of all time were clippers, three-masted ships built to transport goods around the world, although some also took passengers. From the 1840s until 1869, when the Suez Canal opened and steam propulsion was replacing sail, clippers dominated world trade. Although many were built, only one has survived more or less intact: Cutty Sark, now on display in Greenwich, southeast London.Cutty Sark’s unusual name comes from the poem Tarn O’Shanter by the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Tarn, a farmer, is chased by a witch called Nannie, who is wearing a ‘cutty sark’- an old Scottish name for a short nightdress. The witch is depicted in Cutty Sark’s figurehead - the carving of a woman typically at the front of old sailing ships. In legend, and in Burns’s poem, witches cannot cross water, so this was a rather strange choice of name for a ship.Cutty Sark was built in Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1869, for a shipping company owned by John Willis. To carry out construction, Willis chose a new shipbuilding firm, Scott & Linton, and ensured that the contract with them put him in a very strong position. In the end, the firm was forced out of business, and the ship was finished by a competitor.Willis’s company was active in the tea trade between China and Britain, where speed could bring shipowners both profits and prestige, so Cutty Sark was designed to make the journey more quickly than any other ship. On her maiden voyage, in 1870, she set sail from London, carrying large amounts of goods to China. She returned laden with tea, making the journey back to London in four months. However, Cutty Sark never lived up to the high expectations of her owner, as a result of bad winds and various misfortunes. On one occasion, in 1872, the ship and a rival clipper, Thermopylae, left port in China on the same day. Crossing the Indian Ocean, Cutty Sark gained a lead of over 400 miles, but then her rudder was severely damaged in stormy seas, making her impossible to steer. The ship’s crew had the daunting task of repairing the rudder at sea, and only succeeded at the second attempt. Cutty Sark reached London a week after Thermopylae.Steam ships posed a growing threat to clippers, as their speed and cargo capacity increased. In addition, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the same year that Cutty Sark was launched, had a serious impact. While steam ships could make use of the quick, direct route between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, the canal was of no use to sailing ships, which needed the much stronger winds of the oceans, and so had to sail a far greater distance. Steam ships reduced the journey time between Britain and China by approximately two months.By 1878, tea traders weren’tinterested in Cutty Sark, and instead, she took on the much less prestigious work of carrying any cargo between any two ports in the world. In 1880, violence aboard the ship led ultimately to the replacement of the captain with an incompetent drunkard who stole the crew’s wages. He was suspended from service, and a new captain appointed. This marked a turnaround and the beginning of the most successful period in Cutty Sark’s working life, transporting wool from Australia to Britain. One such journey took just under 12 weeks, beating every other ship sailing that year by around a month.The ship’s next captain, Richard Woodget, was an excellent navigator, who got the best out of both his ship and his crew. As a sailing ship, Cutty Sark depended on the strong trade winds of the southern hemisphere, and Woodget took her further south than any previous captain, bringing her dangerously close to icebergs off the southern tip of South America. His gamble paid off, though, and the ship was the fastest vessel in the wool trade for ten years.As competition from steam ships increased in the 1890s, and Cutty Sark approached the end of her life expectancy, she became less profitable. She was sold to a Portuguese firm, which renamed her Ferreira. For the next 25 years, she again carried miscellaneous cargoes around the world.Badly damaged in a gale in 1922, she was put into Falmouth harbour in southwest England, for repairs. Wilfred Dowman, a retired sea captain who owned a training vessel, recognised her and tried to buy her, but without success. She returned to Portugal and was sold to another Portuguese company. Dowman was determined, however, and offered a high price: this was accepted, and the ship returned to Falmouth the following year and had her original name restored.Dowman used Cutty Sark as a training ship, and she continued in this role after his death. When she was no longer required, in 1954, she was transferred to dry dock at Greenwich to go on public display. The ship suffered from fire in 2007, and again, less seriously, in 2014, but now Cutty Sark attracts a quarter of a million visitors a year.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1．Clippers were originally intended to be used as passenger ships.A．TRUEB．假C．NOT GIVEN正确答案：B解析：题目：帆船建造的初衷是作为客流运输船只。

详细解答雅思阅读模拟试题试题一：词汇理解（20分钟）阅读以下段落，然后回答问题。

段落：问题：1. What is the main idea of the paragraph?2. According to the paragraph, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?{content}试题二：长篇阅读（40分钟）阅读以下文章，然后回答问题。

文章：The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers问题：1. What is the main topic of the article?2. According to the article, what are the potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers?{content}试题三：信息匹配（20分钟）阅读以下段落，然后匹配每个段落与其主题。

段落：1. The Internet has changed the way we access information. We can now find answers to our questions with just a few clicks.2. Social media platforms often promote unrealistic lifestyles and beauty standards, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and pressure among users.主题：A. The advantages of the InternetB. The disadvantages of the InternetC. The impact of social media on teenagersD. Online privacy concerns{content}答案解析试题一答案解析1. The main idea of the paragraph is to discuss the role of the Internet in our daily lives and the challenges it poses.试题二答案解析1. The main topic of the article is the impact of social media on teenagers.2. The potential negative effects of excessive social media use among teenagers mentioned in the article are low self-esteem, depression, and addiction.试题三答案解析1. Paragraph 1 matches with theme A (The advantages of the Internet) as it discusses the ease of accessing information online.2. Paragraph 2 matches with theme C (The impact of social media on teenagers) as it discusses the negative effects of social media on users' self-image.3. Paragraph 3 matches with theme D (Online privacy concerns) as it discusses the issue of personal data collection and privacy.希望以上解答对您有所帮助，如有任何疑问，请随时提问。

雅思阅读-练习七(总分40, 做题时间90分钟)Reading passage 1You should spend about 20 migrates on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies?David Paul Morris/Getty ImagesA **panies have been in a headlong rush to prevent government from enacting policies that would affect sales of items such as sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food. One of their tactics is for **panies to issue pledges to protect children, saying in so many words, "You can trust us to police ourselves so government can back down."B The marketing of junk food has been the focus of many such pledges. In the U.S., the pledges are made through the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative run by the Council of Better Business Bureaus. The two largest fast **panies, McDonald's and Burger King, take part in this initiative. A new report from our group at Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity help answer the question about whether these and other fast **panies have made any meaningful changes.C Charlie Brown kept hoping Lucy would hold the football in place. Government can keep hoping that industry will make meaningful changes, or it can step in. This study by Yale researchers was the largest ever on the marketing of fast foods to children. A major finding is that the amount of marketing of fast foods to children is going up, not down. The average preschool child sees three ads for fast food, every day. For teens the number is five. Much of the advertising is to create brand loyalty as much as it is to promote certain foods. **panies want people in the door. And once they enter, it is not a pretty sight. A few more of the key findings.· Only 12 of 3,039 possible kids' **binations meet nutriti on criteria for preschoolers. Only 15 meet nutrition criteria for older children.· AtMcDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, and Taco Bell, emplo yees automatically served French fries or another unhealthy side more than 84 percent of the time. A soft drink or other unhealthy beverage was served at least 55 percent of the time.· Snacks and desserts often marketed directly to teens contain as many as 1,500 calories, which is five times more than the American Dietetic Association's recommendation of a 200-to 300-calorie snack for active teens.· McDonald's and Burger King have pledged to reduce unhealthy marketing to children, but children ages 6 to 11 saw 26 percent more ads for McDonald's in 2009 compared to 2007. The increase for Burger King was 10 percent.· African American children and teens see at least 50 percent more fast food ads than their white peers. McDonald's and KFO specifically target African American youth with TV advertising, targeted websites, and banner ads.D There is no longer doubt that children and teens need protection. Marketing of both brands and foods is relentless and the nation is paying a terrible price. The industry has had time to prove itself trustworthy, and government can look the other way only so long. Children's health and well-being are essential to thefuture vitality of the country and their erosion by some food industry practices must be stopped.E The fast food industry can do several things to help. Oneis to steer people toward healthier items, for instance offeringfruit and milk as the default choices in kids' meals rather than fries and sugared drinks. Posters inside restaurants can promote healthier items. Healthier foods can be priced more attractively and deals that encourage purchase of large burgers, servings of fries, and sugared beverages can end.F Most important is **panies to remove children and teens from the list of groups to be recruited as loyal customers. It seems unlikely that industry will do so voluntarily --there is simply too much money at' stake. More weak and ineffective promises from industry will hurt more than help. Charlie Brown kept hoping Lucy would hold the football in place. Government can keep hoping that industry will make meaningful changes, or it can step in.G There is much government can do. It has the authority to restrict marketing aimed at children and also has sway over what goes into food (for example, a number of cities in the U.S.and the entire country of Denmark have banned trans fats in restaurant foods). It is only a matter of time before government exercises this authority, driven by grave concern over rising health care costs, recognition that children need protecting, and legislators responding to public outrage as people learn just what industry is doing. Children's health is not something to be auctioned off to big **panies.Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL1.**panies disagree the authority to make laws concerned with fast food industry.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL2.McDonald's and Burger King have made many promises to the consumers through an organization.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL3.The study made by Yale scientists suggests that junk food market decreased in recent years.该问题分值: 1答案:NSSS_FILL4.Fast **panies served unhealthy food to the customers most of the daytime.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL5.Snacks and desserts have 5 times the calories more than the amount of recommendation, which can lead to obesity and heart diseases.该问题分值: 1答案:NGQuestions 6-11Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-G in boxes 6-11 on your answer sheet.SSS_FILL6.Big fast **panies did not keep their promises and more fast food advertisements were shown to children.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL7.Black children see more fast food **pared with the white ones.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL8.The youth need protection to keep away the junk food while the society is paying a heavy price.该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_FILL9.What the fast food industry should do to make up the negative influence.该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_FILL10.The urgent and primary thing for fast **panies to take a measure.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL11.Government should play a much more important role in restrict maketing.该问题分值: 1答案:G•Questions 12-13Choose TWO letters from A-E.Write your answers in boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet.The list below gives some descriptions from the passage.What are the two points that fast **panies should do to help7A. to encourage people to have healthier food.• B. to reduce the amount of advertisements.• C. to make young children less obsessed with fast food.• D. to cut the supply of unhealthy food.• E. to introduce more public opinion supervision mechanism.SSS_FILL12.该问题分值: 1答案:C/ASSS_FILL13.该问题分值: 1答案:A/C14.Questions 14What is the main idea of the short passage?• A. To appeal government and parents to pay more attention to the children's health problem.• B. To raise the sales promotion of fast food and enlarge the budget of the government.• C. Children have no idea of telling the black from white on terms of junk food.D. Fast **pany should do more to be concerned about children's health problem.SSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D该问题分值: 1答案:DReading passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-28, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The Difference Engine: Safety firsthttp./// blogs/babbacle/2011/02/road_safetyA IT is remarkable how risk-conscious people have become, especially on the road. Sure, some motoring maniacs will always push their luck, causing mayhem for themselves and others—and everyone makes mistakes from time to time, gets distracted, becomes impatient and is, perhaps, not as mindful of other road users as he ought to be. Nevertheless, the statistics for traffic accidents, at least in developed parts of the world, reveal a heartening downward trend.B In the United States, for instance, the latest figures fromthe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) show that 33,808 people died on American roads in 2009—the lowest level since 1950. That is still way too many personal tragedies. Even so, it represents a 9.7% decline from the figure in 2008, which was itself 9.7% lower than 2007's. The absolute number of fatalities may grab the headlines, but the more relevant statistic—the fatality rate per 100m vehicle-miles traveled-has also been inching steadily down over the past half century. In 2009, the American rate had fallen to 1. 13 deaths per 100m vehicle-miles. Only Britain, Denmark, Japan, The Netherlands and Sweden fared better. For that, traffic authorities everywhere can thank the wholesale introduction of safety-belts and air-bags, as well as tougher drunk-driving laws.C As could be expected, the recession has played its part in reducing the deathly toll on the road—especially among the most vulnerable group, 16 to 24-year-olds. They have suffered most from unemployment and hence have been exposed to fewer hazards on the road. The worry is that there could be a rebound in fatalities once the recovery gets seriously underway and the young resume their reckless driving habits.D While horrifying, traffic accidents are far from being mankind's greatest scourge. Around the world, they account for 1.2m deaths a year, compared with the 35m people who die from **municable illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes (5.4m of which are caused by smoking alone). According to the World Health Organisation, some 25m people all told have died in road accidents since horseless carriages took to the streets (the first such fatal accident occurred in London in 1896). That is the same as the number of people who have died over the past 30 years from AIDS.E The irony is that, while the roads are safer than ever, motorists have become more safety conscious. Back in the early1970s, when your correspondent built a car forhimself, he considered its backbone frame—made of pressed-steel sections braced with steel tubing—as state-of-the-art as far as crashworthiness was concerned. With the engine and transmission amidships, the front third of the vehicle was effectively a dedicated crumple zone. Likewise, the rear had strategically placed structural members designed to collapse on impact and mop up excess kinetic energy if shunted from behind. An added virtue was that, being a mere 1,4501b (660kg), the car had very little inertia to **e relative to most other vehicles on the road, and thus tended to be shoveled down the highway intact when hit from behind (as has happened twice) rather than being crumpled on impact.F Today, though, he considers his beloved 39-year-old car a death trap, and won't allow his wife or daughter to drive it or ridewith him. The reason is not that he thinks it dangerous to drive. Over the decades he has upgraded—on a machine that was inherently safe to start with—the brakes, the tyres and the suspension, and made the frame torsion ally even stiffer. As a result, the vehicle now has far more primary safety (the agility, stability and stopping power needed to avoid accidents) than the vast majority of modern cars.G The problem is the vehicle's secondary safety—the ability to save occupants' lives if the car is, despite all its primary safety, actually involved in a crash. While the car's original seat belts have been replaced with four-point harnesses, it still has no air-bags, nor any side-intrusion protection. Viewed from the side, its occupants sit within a fragile eggshell of fibreglass. Tee-boned at a crossing, they would be instant spam in a can.H That never used to enter your correspondent's mind. Nowadays, he thinks about it every time he gets into the car. Put it down to better driver education, more graphic media coverage of road accidents, or simply old age. Yet, the likelihood of his ending his days that way is remote. Statistically, he is more likely to be murdered than to suffer a fatal side-impact.I Without question, the biggest killer stalking the roads today is driver distraction, followed by drink, speeding, fatigue, aggression and the weather. Researchers at Virginia Tech reckon 80% of crashes and 65% of near-crashes involve some form of distraction three seconds prior to the incident.J Despite the fact that it is illegal in many parts of America to use handheld phones while driving, the **mon distractions behind the wheel remain texting and dialling. Motorists who text while driving increase their risk of a crash or near-crash 23-**pared with those who do not. Reaching out for something inside the car represents a nine-fold increase in risk. Dialling causes a six-fold increase (see "Driven to distraction", October 2nd 2009).K But the technologies NHTSA is putting greatest emphasis on are those that keep intoxicated motorists off the road. Across America, a third of traffic fatalities these days are related to the use of alcohol. One system uses sensors developed by QinetiQ North America, a research and **pany that spun out of the British defence establishment, that can measure a person's blood-alcohol content through the skin. Attached to the steering wheel or the door handle, the device would stop anyone over the limit from driving home. To prevent such sensors from being thwarted by gloves, the vehicle would be activated only if the device received an actual reading of the person's alcohol level below 0.08%.L Publicly, carmakers embrace such initiatives. Privately,they are leery of them. The added cost is one thing. Customer resistance is another. Then there are the legal liabilitiesresulting from all the likely false-positive responses that will doubtless lock a proportion of sober drivers out of their vehicles or incapacitate their engines in some way. Lawyers will have a field day.M The security industry has been grappling with similar questions when trying to screen for terrorists among the millions of innocent travelers at airports. The problem is that biometric systems—whether they measure blood alcohol, fingerprint geometries or facial features—do not provide binary yes / no answers like conventional digital systems. By their nature, they generate results that are probabilistic—and hence inherently fallible. Worse, the sensors degrade with age and their data can be corrupted by environmental factors.N Yet there is a real and urgent need for technologies that can keep habitual drunks off the road. According to NHTSA, drivers who were involved in fatal accidents and were over the limit at the time were eight times more likely to have had a prior conviction for drunken driving than drivers involved in crashes who were stone cold sober. Preventing such people from getting behind the wheel might save up to 9, 000 American lives a year. Presumably, such savings in life and limb would be similar, or even better, elsewhere.Questions 15-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2 ?In boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL15.A downward trend of traffic accidents is shown in the developing countries these years.该问题分值: 1答案:NGSSS_FILL16.The decline of employment rate has contributed to reduced deathlytoll during recession.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL17.There are less people who died from smoking than that of traffic accidents.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL18.Primary design of a vehicle include the ability to prevent passengers' lives involved a car accident.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL19.Biometric sensors can generate data which may be damaged or modified by unwanted factors.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL20.Annually there are up to 9,000 lives in United States that die due to drunk driving.该问题分值: 1答案:NGQuestions 21-24SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.Which is TRUE according to NHTSA's figures?A There were over thirty-three thousand people who died on American roads in 1988.B There were more people who died due to traffic accidents in America in 2009 than that of 2008 and 2007.C The American rate was 9.7% per 100m vehicle-miles in 2009.D The vehicle's performance in America increased from 1950 to 2009.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL22.Which of the following statements about vehicle's safety is TRUE?A The primary safety of vehicles has been **pared to decades before.B The vehicle's secondary safety is more important than its primary safety.C Air-bags are introduced while four-point harnesses replace the car's original seat belts.D Good driver education can improve the performance of vehicle's safety.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL23.What disturb(s) drivers most in America?A making phone callsB using handheld phonesC drinkingD low driver education该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL24.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A Alcohol content in human blood can be measured by a sensor, which was developed by the technologies in NHTSAB Biometric systems always generate probabilistic results and have good stability over years.C Habitual drunks should be prevented from the road.D Most of the American lives could be saved by Preventing drunk people from drivin该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestions 25-28Which of the paragraph contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-N, in boxes 25-28 on your answer sheet.SSS_FILL25.Description of primary design of a car decades ago.该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_FILL26.Recession's role in less death on the road该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_FILL27.NHTSA's attention on drunk drivers该问题分值: 1答案:KSSS_FILL28.Different reasons for human deaths该问题分值: 1答案:DReading passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29-40, which arebased on Reading Passage 3 below.TSA Says Better Body Scanners Will EndPrivacy Uproar: Don't Bet on ItWhat if you could walk through that airport body scanner, pause for the camera, and know that your naked image would never be pored over by human eyes? If it was software, not TSA screeners, who searched you and other passengers for possible explosives?That's the vision of Transportation Security Administration head John Pistole. At a Senate hearing yesterday, Georgia Republican Johnny Isakson conjured this future and suggested to Pistole, "It looks like technology can be a solution to the privacy issue."Pistole responded, "1 think so, I'm very hopeful in that regard."Earlier in his testimony, he'd remarked, "1 see us in an interim period" where the TSA was using best available technology but that "target recognition software" clearly addresses the privacy issue in its "entirety" and would be available soon.How soon? "I'd like to say months, but it's all technology driven," Pistole said.While vendors like L-3 and Rapiscan are actively trying to come up with a magic technological solution for the TSA, independent experts on body scanning technology and automated threat detection aren't nearly as optimistic as the TSA head. Setting aside the question of how much real safety would be afforded by body scanners that use algorithms to detect artfully hidden explosives under someone's clothes there are fundamental problems that may make it very difficult to deploy them.Here's how they work. First, an image is obtained with an x-ray backscatter or millimeter wave machine like the 385 systems already installed in 70 airports around the country. While the two types of machines have important differences, their basic principles**parable. The electromagnetic waves (x-rays or radio) used in the machines pass easily through clothing, but bounce back when they encounter human skin (or other denser materials). Those reflections reach the scanner and are transformed into an image of the body sans clothing.In one of the automated threat detection systems, that image would be fed to an algorithm that **pare it to a database of other images to determine if it was suspicious. Instead of looking at an image of a person, the TSA scanners would see a stick figure that would indicate the general area where a problem existed. They would then follow up with a pat down or other screening procedure.Unfortunately, the technological task of automated threatdetection is not trivial. There are inherent problems that make an accurate machine very, very difficult to build.The most basic problem is that an algorithm is only as good as its training data. These machines are like a massive game of memory: **pare something new with something they've seen before. In order to make accurate determinations, they need a huge library of suspicious and normal images, said the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Doug McMackin, who developed the technology on which the L-3 SafeView system is based."To see different threats, you really have to scan a lot of people and put objects on different places on the body and use different kinds of threats too," McMackin said.Of course, we could easily generate a huge database of images from all the people walking through the scanners right this minute, but the privacy problem that would represent makes it impossible. "You can build up this huge database, but because they don't save any of the imagery, you have to go out and get people to build up this database."Carey Rappaport, the head of the Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems (a multi-university organization that studies automatic threat detection) and a microwave engineer at Northeastern University, agreed that automated threat detection using just this kind of imaging would be very hard. "How do you get a computer algorithm to say this fits in the parameters of what's human and this is something that is not human?" Rappaport asked. "There are a lot of things that could look naturally occurring but that are cleverly disguised explosives."This problem is not easily sidestepped. It's built into to the detection task: it's just hard to know what you're looking for and even harder to provide a computer with a set of rules to precisely define the characteristics of something you've never seen before."What are you looking fore If you're looking for something that looks like a Glock or a roadrunner cartoon object with a **ing out of it, that's easy," Rappaport said. "Guns have to have a barrel. Knives have to have sharp edges, but an explosive can be formed into anything."And not only is it difficult to predict the precise form of a threat, but people's bodies vary too, introducing even **plexity, Rappaport said.Even Pistole admitted that the rate of false-positives was too high based on the TSA's own testing. Some of the L-3 ProVision Automatic Threat Detection systems have been deployed in other countries, most prominently at Amsterdam's Schipol Airport and the Hamburg Airport. At the latter, officials revealed this week thatfolds in clothing were creating false alarms. L-3 has not—and does not plan to—make their data public in a peer-reviewed journal.Human beings are actually great at this kind of pattern detection. As Rappaport put it, even a two-year old can tell you the difference between a dog and a cat, whereas the **puter vision systems can't. There is a reason that image recognition tasks are one of the most popular assignments on cheap labor markets like Mechanical Turk.The TSA did not officially provide a timeline for when automated threat detection might be deployed. "The current version of automated threat detection technologies do not meet TSA's detection standards," spokesperson Sarah Horowtiz wrote to me. "TSA sees automated threat detection as a viable option for the future. "Rappaport thinks that the real answer to automated threat detection will be to use "multiple modalities". So, in addition to an x-ray or backscatter scanner, there'd also be some chemical detection machine or some other type of technique. Obviously, such a system would be much **plex and take longer to develop than a few months.Nonetheless, holding out the carrot of an automated scanner is very effective rhetoric. When Congressional representatives **plaints about pat-downs and body scans, they can assure their constituents that they're working on it and liberally sprinkle that statement with that magic word. technology.Questions 29-34Whose idea or words contains the following information ?Write the correct letter, A-E in boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet.• A. John Pistole• B. Johnny Isakson• C. Doug McMackin• D. Carey Rappaport• E. Sarah HorowtizSSS_SIMPLE_SIN29.The proportion was on the foundation of the system, causing some problems.A B C D E该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN30. The system is capable of being used in the time to come.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN 31. Imagine the prospect and gave a suggestion that technology can solve the problem.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN 32. A large range of pictures are needed for the purpose of being determined to carry the system out.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SIMPLE_SIN33. By putting the imaging into use, the automated threat detection would be difficult for the machine cannot tell the parameters of human from others.A B CD E 该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN 34. People must be collected to fill up the database because the system cannot save any of the imagery.A B C D E该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestions 35-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3 ?In boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts theinformationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisSSS_FILL35.Pistole has the same opinion with Isakson that technology plays an important role to the solution.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL36.Pistole regards that it will take only a few months to reach the target.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL37.Comparing the two types of machines, their primary principles are different.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL38.The task on terms of technology of automated threat detection is quite important.该问题分值: 1答案:TSSS_FILL39.Neither the precise form of a threat nor people's body are difficult or complex to predict by using the system.该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_FILL40.Some chemical detection machine or some other type of technique would be helped within a year.该问题分值: 1答案:NG1。

智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料剑7test2Passage2长难句分析-智课教育出国考试雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。

今天，雅思小编就给大家带来剑7 Test 2 Passage 2长难句分析，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的技巧，攻克长难句，不再是个传说。

1. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects. (剑 7 Test 2 Passage 2)我们先来认识一些单词：1. skylark：云雀2. grey partridge：灰山鹑3. lapwing：麦鸡4. corn bunting：黍鹀句子结构分析：In Britain做地点状语，forexample做插入语，句子主干是farmland birds have vanished…，such as举例说明，as引导费限制性定语从句，同时是一个倒装句，可以写为Even more wild flowers and insects have vanished from huge stretches of countryside.译文：例如，在英国，许多深受人们喜爱的农田鸟类，比如云雀、灰山鹑、麦鸡和黍鹀，还有更多的野花和昆虫，都已经从乡村大片的土地上消失了。

2. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers.(剑 7 Test 2 Passage 2)我们先来认识一些单词：1. externalities(n. 外部经济效应)2. transaction(交易，事务)句子结构分析：that指代上文，人们意识不到食品的隐藏经济代价。

【参考文档】雅思阅读真题文章：How IQ Becomes IQ-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读真题文章：How IQ Becomes IQ下面是一篇雅思阅读真题文章，这篇雅思阅读文章的主要内容是讨论了 IQ 理论的产生和发展的过程，以及它的影响的不断扩大的过程。

大家可以参考一下这篇文章的结构和思路，这样就可以对雅思阅读文章更加了解了。

雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩！In 1904 the French minister of education , facing limited resources for schooling , sought a way to separate the unable from the merely lazy . Alfred Binet got the job of devising selection principles and his brilliant solution put a stamp on the study of intelligence and was the forerunner of intelligence tests still used today . He developed a thirty - problem test in 1905, which tapped several abilities related to intellect , such as judgment and reasoning . The test determined a given childs mental age . The test previously established a norm for children of a given physical age . For example , five - year - olds on average get ten items correct , therefore , a child with a mental age of five should score 10, which would mean that he or she was functioning pretty much as others of that age . The childs mental age was then compared to his physical age .A large disparity in the wrong direction might suggest inability rather than laziness and means that he or she was earmarked for special schooling . Binet , however , denied that the test was measuring intelligence and said that its purpose was simply diagnostic , for selection only . This message was however lost and caused many problems and misunderstandings later .。

年雅思阅读模拟题及答案雅思阅读练习的时候肯定会积累到一些重要雅思阅读考试技巧，雅思阅读模拟题那么是各位考生比拟关注的内容，接近雅思真实考试，帮助大家了解题型难易度，重视自己的英语水平！雅思阅读模拟题内容如下：Rogue theory of smell gets a boostPublished online：6 DecemberRogue theory of smell gets a boost1. A controversial theory of how we smell，which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics，has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.3. That s still some way from proving that the theory，proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin，is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.4. This is a big step forward，says Turin，who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory，it has been ignored rather than criticized.5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules，which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular lock and key process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body s detection systems：it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders，for example，and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.6. But Turin argued that smell doesn t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different - such as alcohols，which smell like spirits，and thiols，which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly，some molecules can smell different - to animals，if not necessarily to humans - simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。

剑桥6 培训类阅读答案剑桥雅思6test1Reading3阅读答案解析Question 27答案：i关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: B段倒数第2句“…they believe their best hope of…”解题思路: B段主要介绍了因纽特人不满足于自己袖手旁观而让外国们告知他们北极的现状，他们要把祖先的知识和现代科技进行结合来解决环境变化问题。

很明显可以看出，这是对于环境变化的一种反应和对策。

因此答案为i。

Question 28答案：vi关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: C段第1句“The Canadian Arctic…”解题思路: C段详细地描述了位于加拿大北极圈里面的地貌，而且还提及了因纽特人的祖先顽强地适应了下来并定居在这片土地上。

因此逐个分析答案可以看到只有vi符合原段意思。

Question 29答案：iii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: D段后半部分：food / clothing / provisions / meat解题思路: 此段重点描述了过去因纽特人依靠自然提供食物和衣服，而现在则是更加先进的飞机和船运进口必需品，所以可以看出一个转变的过程。

纵观题干，不难看出答案是iii，即生活必需品的替代的来源。

Question 30答案：vii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: E段第1句“... there has certainly been an impact on peopled health.”解题思路: 首先E段开头用while，则可判断主题句应该在后半句。

意思是这些气候变化会对人们的健康有影响。

通过下一句的举例：肥胖，心脏病和糖尿病就可以判断出是一个负面的影响那么对应题干negative effect，故答案是vii。

答案：iv关键词：段落匹配题，暂无关键词定位原文: F段句和引言句“... the Inuit are determined to play a key role in …in the Arctic. / ...in recent years, IQ…weight.”解题思路: F段首句提出了因纽特人决定在应对北极环境变化要起关键作用。

IELTS Reading passage - Adam’s WineAdam’s WineA.Water is a life-giver as well as a life-taker. It spans the majority of our planet's surfaceand has had a significant role in human evolution. According to current projections, it is a factor that will become even more important.B.Water has played a vital role in our lives throughout history. Water has always had athorny relationship with humanity, on the one hand providing immense benefits notonly as a supply of drinking water, but also as a source of food, a means oftransportation, and a means of trade. However, because people have been obliged to live near water in order to survive and thrive, the relationship has not always beenpleasant or productive. Contrary to popular belief, it has been the exact opposite.What started out as a survival necessity has turned out to have a highly destructiveand life-threatening side in many cases.C.People and their environment have been hit by big floods and long droughtsthroughout history, making it harder for them to fight for their lives. The dramaticchanges in the environment that we hear about in the news every day are not new.Fields that used to be green and full of life are now empty. Lakes and rivers that used to be full of life are now empty. Savannas have become deserts. What might be new is our childlike amazement at the forces of nature.D.Today, we know more about how climates change around the world. Floods infaraway places have an immediate effect on the whole world. Maybe these thingsmake us feel better when floods and other natural disasters are destroying our ownproperty.E.In 2002, floods in several parts of Europe caused a lot of damage that cost billions ofeuros to fix. Properties all over the continent fell into the sea as waves thumped thecoast and destroyed sea defenses. But it was not just the sea. Rivers that weredeformed by heavy rains and the loss of trees carried large amounts of water thatruined many communities.F.The costly short-term solution is to build better and more sophisticated flooddefences along rivers. There are less complicated options. Tree planting in highland areas, not just in Europe, but also in locations like the Himalayas, to safeguardpeople living in low-lying areas like the Ganges Delta, is a less expensive and moreappealing alternative. Countries are already being persuaded that the release ofcarbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is affecting significant environmentaldamage. In this area, however, further work is needed.G.What about the future? According to projections, two-thirds of the world's populationwould be without fresh water by 2025. However, the future has arrived in a risingnumber of parts of the planet. While floods have wreaked havoc in certain areas,water scarcity is generating strife in others. The Rio Grande failed to reach the Gulfof Mexico for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting the region against the region as they compete for water supplies. Due to drought and growing waterusage in many regions of the world, there is currently discussion of water becoming the new oil.H.Other doom-laden predictions claim that, as the polar ice caps melt, coastal regionsand some low-lying islands will almost certainly be drowned by the water. Popularexotic sites, which are today frequented by tens of thousands of tourists, will become no-go zones. Today's vacation attractions in southern Europe and others will literally become hotspots, making them too hot to live in or visit. It's impossible not to despair in light of the current weather's irregular behavior.I.Some may argue that this pessimism is unfounded, but there has been plenty ofevidence that something is wrong with the climate. Flooding has been destructive in many regions of the globe. The catastrophe shifts from one continent to the next as the seasons change. The cost of living is sad, and the environmental impact isworrying. We'll have to get used to it.Adam’s Wine IELTS Reading QuestionsQuestions 1-8This reading passage has eight paragraphs labeled A-I.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-I from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-xii) in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.List of HeadingsI. Change in the environment has always been a part of our lives.II.Water shortagesIII.Rivers and waves wreak havoc.IV.Is it reasonable to be pessimistic? Or is it more realistic?V.Climate disasters make us feel better.VI.Water, the source of nourishmentVII.How to deal with a floodVIII.Widespread floodsIX.Relationship between humans and waterX.Water's devastation in the pastXI.Future floodingXII.A negative outlook on the future1.Paragraph B2.Paragraph C3.Paragraph D4.Paragraph E5.Paragraph F6.Paragraph G7.Paragraph H8.Paragraph IQuestions 9-11Choose the appropriate letters A-D9. The author contends thatA.every day, the news we read and watch on TV amazes us.B.We’re petrified in the face of environmental changes.C.every day, the news we read and watch on TV should not amaze us.D.Nature has surprised us with its ability to alter the surroundings.10 According to the writer,A.People do not need to become habituated to environmental destruction.B.People will have to adapt to climate changes than harm the environment.C.People are currently more accustomed to environmental devastation than in the past.D.The widespread pessimism over environmental transformations is unjustified. Questions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? WriteTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage11. Humanity's connection with water has always been fraught.12. Half of the world's population will lack access to clean water in the year 2025.13. As the seasons change, the disaster moves from one continent to another.。

雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之是非题雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Ture/False/Not given(是非题)Ture/False/Not given(是非题)1. 题型要求题目是若干个陈述句，要求根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对(Ture)、错(False)、还是未提及(Not Given)。

这种题型的难度在于，在对和错之外还有第三种状态：未提及。

很多同学难以区分“错”和“未提及”。

实际上，这种题型本身有一定的缺陷，即不严密。

有些题目很难自圆其说，比如6道题中，可能会有1-2题英语老师也解释不清，在实际考试中，他们也可能将它们做错。

但大多数题目还是有规律可循的，同学们应认真阅读下面讲的方法和规律，争取做对大多数的题目。

这种题型，A类考试每次考1-2组，共5-10题左右。

G类考试一般考3组，20题左右，最多的一次超过30题。

所以，G类考生更应重视此种题型。

2. 解题步骤STEP 1：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。

(1)找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。

(2)从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其它关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。

(3)仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律，确定正确答案。

(4)要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。

这个规律也有助于大家确定答案的位置。

STEP 2：判断，根据下列原则和规律，确定正确答案。

1. True第一种情况：题目是原文的同义表达。

通常用同义词或同义结构。

例 1：原文：Few are more than five years old.译文：很少有超过五年的。

题目：Most are less than five years old.译文：大多数都小于五年。

解释：题目与原文是同义结构，所以答案应为True。

第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。