雅思英语阅读练习题及答案12

9月22日雅思英语阅读真题（网友版本）回忆1：1 The impact of refrigeration．讲大概是冰箱的历史．全是matching．年代配事件，人物配发明，长句配对。

2．The nature of yawning．打哈欠会传染。

段落信息配对，大学配研究成果，summary填空。

3．The plain of English．英语减少专业用语增加语言的平实易懂性。

判断题和summary填空。

回忆2：P1： Refrigeration讲一开始美国没有制冷技术只能把食物腌制，后来城市化以后需要大量新鲜食物于是人们开始利用天然冰块冷藏并运送食物，有两个人分别改进了冰块运输技术和冰块切割技术。

后来天然冰块越来越少了，有人开始利用机械制冷，一开始是铁路技术，有人改进了铁路冷藏技术，于是加州的新鲜水果可以运往各地了。

再然后有人改进公路技术，于是可以开始在公路上运送冷藏食物。

之后人们发现以前的冷藏剂有毒，能害人性命，于是就有公司开始开发合成的冷藏剂。

最后总结到新冷藏剂虽然对臭氧层有害但大大促进了冷藏技术在全球的推广。

具体题型是：1、时间匹配题，各个事件发生的年代；2、人物匹配题，各个人物对冷藏技术的改进；3、事件匹配题。

各个时间的因果关系匹配。

P2：Yawning讲关于打呵欠传染的研究，主要有三个研究机构开展的研究。

一开始人们认为打呵欠是，第一个机构研究发现打呵欠是人类冷却大脑的一种方式。

后面两个研究发现打呵欠和个人的性格、同情心、专业背景有关，和性别无关。

最后将了呵欠产生的过程，提到有一种理论讲的是呵欠可能是人类交流的一种方式，用于提醒同伴你累了需要休息，从而要求对方打起精神应对危险。

具体题型是：1、段落匹配题：信息出现在具体段落；2、机构匹配题：各个研究机构与相关发现的匹配；3、填空题：针对最后一种理论填关于触发呵欠的理论信息。

P3：Pain English讲现在的英语越来越复杂不适合日常的使用。

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe a historical eventB. To explain a scientific theoryC. To argue for a political policyD. To narrate a personal story2. According to the text, what is the most significant impact of climate change?A. Increased agricultural productivityB. Rising sea levelsC. Decreased biodiversityD. Economic growth3. The author mentions "quantum computing" in the passage. What is the context?A. As a solution to environmental problemsB. As a threat to traditional computingC. As a new field of studyD. As a historical development4. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?A. OptimisticB. PessimisticC. NeutralD. Sarcastic5. What does the passage suggest about renewable energy sources?A. They are too expensive to implementB. They are the only solution to energy needsC. They are becoming more efficientD. They are not environmentally friendly6. The passage discusses the benefits of urban planning. Which of the f ollowing is NOT mentioned?A. Reducing traffic congestionB. Improving air qualityC. Enhancing public safetyD. Increasing agricultural output7. What is the primary focus of the passage on education reforms?A. Standardized testingB. Teacher trainingC. Curriculum changesD. School infrastructure8. According to the text, what is the role of technology in modern educ ation?A. To replace teachersB. To enhance learning experiencesC. To monitor student performanceD. To reduce educational costs9. The passage on health care mentions a "revolutionary treatment." Wha t is it?A. Gene therapyB. VaccinationC. SurgeryD. Medication10. What does the author imply about the future of work?A. Automation will eliminate jobsB. Remote work will become the normC. Traditional careers will remain unchangedD. Job security will improve11. The passage on cultural diversity emphasizes which aspect?A. Economic benefitsB. Social integrationC. Political influenceD. Educational opportunities12. What is the main argument in the passage about immigration?A. It should be restrictedB. It has no impact on societyC. It benefits the economyD. It leads to cultural conflicts13. The author discusses the concept of "sustainable development." What does this term mean?A. Economic growth without environmental impactB. Balancing economic, social, and environmental needsC. Focusing only on environmental protectionD. Prioritizing social needs over economic growth14. What is the primary concern expressed in the passage about artifici al intelligence?A. Its potential to create jobsB. Its ethical implicationsC. Its cost of developmentD. Its impact on education15. The passage on global trade mentions a "shift in economic power." W hat is the cause?A. Technological advancementsB. Political alliancesC. Natural disastersD. Cultural changes16. What does the author suggest about the role of government in econom ic policy?A. It should be minimizedB. It should focus on taxationC. It should promote innovationD. It should control all industries17. The passage on environmental conservation discusses a major challen ge. What is it?A. Lack of fundingB. Public indifferenceC. Political oppositionD. Technological limitations18. What is the main theme of the passage on social media?A. Its impact on privacyB. Its role in communicationC. Its influence on politicsD. Its effect on mental health19. The author mentions "blockchain technology" in the context of which application?A. Financial transactionsB. Health recordsC. Supply chain managementD. Voting systems20. What does the passage suggest about the future of transportation?A. Increased reliance on public transitB. The dominance of electric vehiclesC. The decline of air travelD. The resurgence of horse-drawn carriages21. The passage on food security highlights a major issue. What is it?A. Overproduction of foodB. Distribution inefficienciesC. Consumer preferencesD. Agricultural subsidies22. What is the primary focus of the passage on mental health?A. Treatment optionsB. Causes of mental illnessC. Public awarenessD. Economic impacts23. The author discusses the concept of "digital literacy." What does t his involve?A. Understanding technologyB. Using social mediaC. Protecting online privacyD. All of the above24. What does the passage suggest about the role of women in leadership?A. They are underrepresentedB. They are equally capableC. They face fewer challengesD. They are less influential25. The passage on climate policy mentions a key strategy. What is it?A. Carbon taxationB. ReforestationC. Renewable energy subsidiesD. All of the above26. What is the main argument in the passage about public health?A. Prevention is better than cureB. Healthcare should be freeC. Medication is overusedD. Health education is ineffective27. The author mentions "urban sprawl." What does this term refer to?A. The expansion of citiesB. The decline of rural areasC. The growth of suburbsD. The development of infrastructure28. What does the passage suggest about the impact of globalization on culture?A. It homogenizes culturesB. It preserves cultural diversityC. It leads to cultural isolationD. It enhances cultural exchange29. The passage on economic inequality discusses a major cause. What is it?A. Tax policiesB. Education disparitiesC. Technological advancementsD. All of the above30. What is the primary focus of the passage on renewable energy?A. Solar powerB. Wind powerC. Hydroelectric powerD. All of the above31. The author discusses the concept of "net neutrality." What does thi s involve?A. Equal access to the internetB. Restricting harmful contentC. Prioritizing certain websitesD. Monitoring user activity32. What does the passage suggest about the future of education?A. More online coursesB. Increased emphasis on STEMC. Reduced government fundingD. All of the above33. The passage on public transportation mentions a key benefit. What i s it?A. Reducing trafficB. Lowering costsC. Improving accessibilityD. All of the above34. What is the main argument in the passage about food sustainability?A. Local sourcingB. Reducing wasteC. Organic farmingD. All of the above35. The author mentions "smart cities." What does this term refer to?A. Cities with advanced technologyB. Cities focused on sustainabilityC. Cities with efficient governanceD. All of the above36. What does the passage suggest about the role of technology in healt hcare?A. It improves diagnosticsB. It reduces costsC. It enhances patient careD. All of the above37. The passage on cultural heritage discusses a major threat. What is it?A. Urban developmentB. Climate changeC. Lack of fundingD. All of the above38. What is the primary focus of the passage on economic growth?A. Investment strategiesB. Consumer spendingC. InnovationD. All of the above39. The author discusses the concept of "circular economy." What does t his involve?A. Recycling materialsB. Reducing wasteC. Sustainable productionD. All of the above40. What does the passage suggest about the impact of education on soci ety?A. It reduces inequalityB. It enhances economic growthC. It improves health outcomesD. All of the above41. The passage on environmental policy mentions a key challenge. What is it?A. Public skepticismB. Political resistanceC. Technological limitationsD. All of the above42. What is the main argument in the passage about social justice?A. Equal opportunitiesB. Reducing povertyC. Addressing discriminationD. All of the above43. The author mentions "biotechnology." What is the context?A. Agricultural advancementsB. Medical treatmentsC. Environmental conservationD. All of the above44. What does the passage suggest about the future of work?A. More flexible hoursB. Increased automationC. Greater job satisfactionD. All of the above45. The passage on public health mentions a major issue. What is it?A. Access to healthcareB. Epidemic outbreaksC. Mental health stigmaD. All of the above46. What is the primary focus of the passage on sustainable agriculture?A. Organic farmingB. Reducing pesticide useC. Enhancing soil healthD. All of the above47. The author discusses the concept of "digital divide." What does thi s involve?A. Access to technologyB. Online safetyC. Internet speedD. All of the above48. What does the passage suggest about the role of government in educa tion?A. Funding schoolsB. Setting standardsC. Promoting innovationD. All of the above49. The passage on climate change mentions a key strategy. What is it?A. Reducing emissionsB. Adapting to changesC. Promoting renewable energyD. All of the above50. What is the main argument in the passage about urban planning?A. Improving infrastructureB. Enhancing public spacesC. Reducing pollutionD. All of the above51. The author mentions "green technology." What does this term refer t o?A. Renewable energy sourcesB. Energy-efficient productsC. Sustainable manufacturingD. All of the above52. What does the passage suggest about the impact of globalization on economies?A. Increased tradeB. Economic integrationC. Job creationD. All of the above53. The passage on social media mentions a major concern. What is it?A. Privacy issuesB. MisinformationC. CyberbullyingD. All of the above54. What is the primary focus of the passage on mental health?A. Treatment optionsB. Causes of mental illnessC. Public awarenessD. All of the above55. The author discusses the concept of "digital literacy." What does t his involve?A. Understanding technologyB. Using social mediaC. Protecting online privacyD. All of the above答案：1. B2. B3. A4. C5. C6. D7. C8. B9. A10. B11. B12. C13. B14. B15. A16. C17. A18. B19. A20. B21. B22. C23. D24. B25. D26. A27. A28. D29. D30. D31. A32. D33. D34. D35. D36. D37. D38. D39. D40. D41. D42. D43. D44. D45. D46. D47. A48. D49. D50. D51. D52. D53. D54. D55. D。

雅思模拟考试题及答案听力部分：Section 1: 旅游信息1. 旅游地点的名称是？A. 蓝山B. 绿谷C. 红岩Answer: A. 蓝山2. 旅游团的出发时间是？A. 早上6点B. 早上7点C. 早上8点Answer: B. 早上7点3. 旅游团的费用包括以下哪项？A. 交通B. 住宿C. 餐饮Answer: A. 交通4. 旅游团不包括以下哪项？A. 导游服务B. 保险C. 个人消费Answer: C. 个人消费5. 旅游团的联系电话是多少？A. 0123456789B. 9876543210C. 1234567890Answer: C. 1234567890Section 2: 学术讲座6. 讲座的主题是？A. 气候变化B. 可持续发展C. 环境保护Answer: B. 可持续发展7. 讲座的地点是？A. 图书馆B. 讲堂C. 实验室Answer: A. 图书馆8. 讲座的主讲人是谁？A. 教授B. 学生C. 研究员Answer: A. 教授9. 讲座的时间是？A. 周三下午3点B. 周四下午3点C. 周五下午3点Answer: B. 周四下午3点10. 讲座的参与者需要提前准备什么？A. 笔记本B. 笔记本电脑C. 录音设备Answer: B. 笔记本电脑阅读部分：Passage 1: 城市化的影响11. 根据文章，城市化带来的主要问题是什么？Answer: 城市化导致了交通拥堵和环境污染。

12. 文章提到了哪些解决城市化问题的方法？Answer: 提倡公共交通使用和增加绿地面积。

Passage 2: 教育的重要性13. 文章认为教育对于个人发展的重要性体现在哪些方面？Answer: 教育可以提高个人技能，增强社会参与感，促进个人成长。

14. 文章提到了教育对社会的哪些积极影响？Answer: 教育可以减少犯罪率，提高社会整体的生产力。

写作部分：Task 1: 图表分析15. 描述以下图表，分析其反映的趋势和可能的原因。

定位学术阅读文章篇幅较长，通常涉及大量专业词汇和复杂的逻辑，对考生的挑战很大。

其实，不是所有的阅读都需要逐字逐行仔细理解。

反之，我们先要明确的是阅读目的。

比如，如果目的是了解文章梗概，我们则开始速读标题、开头段、每段首句及结论就好，长篇大论的细节跳过就好。

如果目的是寻找某细节信息，我们则可以先在原文中扫描细节信息词，锁定位置后，仅仔细阅读与之相关内容即可，其它部分都可以暂且忽略。

在以下练习中，我们将练习定位技能。

通过学习定位词的选择和定位的方法来帮助学生迅速寻找目标信息，提高阅读效率。

解锁技能可以帮助我们定位的词汇有两大类：原词定位与同义替换定位。

1.原词定位(1)专有名词（人名、地名、生僻词、特殊符号等）(2)数词（年份、百分比、金钱等）例题题干：The name Antilia comes from a _____________. (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)原文：Mukesh Ambani is one of the richest men in the world, and the first man to own a private residence costing more than one billion dollars to build. The home is on Altamout Road in Mumbai, one of the most expensive addresses in the world. Named after the mythical island Antilia, the property has 27 floors.以上题干中Antilia这个首字母大写的词汇就可以帮助我们很快定位到原文，从而很快确认答案为mythical island。

练习1: 选择以下题目中的最佳定位词，并完成对应填空练习。

1)题干：Builders spent ______ creating the magnificent Neptune Pool. (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)原文：One of the highlights of the estate is the Neptune Pool. It took 15 years to build and includes the front of an ancient Roman temple. It is on top of a hill and has wonderful views of the mountains, ocean and main house. The pool was rebuilt three times until he was satisfied.定位词：_____________答案：_______________2)题干：Web used by social scientists (including Dr. Huberman) to investigate the _____ of socialnetworks. (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)原文：Dr Huberman has also helped uncover several laws of web surfing including the number of times an average person will go from web page to web page on a given site before giving up, and the details of the 'winner takes all’ phenomenon whereby a few sites on a given subject attract most of the attention and the rest get very little.定位词：_____________答案：_______________3)题干：Hearst took animals from_______ for his private zoo. (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)原文：Although the inside of the house is very European, the outside is very Californian, with palm trees and water. Hearst loved trees and 70,000 were planted on the property during his lifetime. The castle was also home to the world’s largest private zoo, holding animals from every continent. Although the zoo is now closed, zebras can still be seen on the hillside.定位词：_____________答案：_______________练习2: 选择以下题目中的最佳定位词，并完成对应选择练习。

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雅思阅读文章（简单英语）解析及答案
雅思阅读文章(简单英语)解析及答案
文章标题简单英语文章大意是讲某组织发起了一个 plain language campaign ，呼吁使用简单易懂的语言，列举了点好处，然后最后两段有点反对的题目类型
TFNG
Summary
参考答案
判断题
1)美国换了总统后那个运动就没效果了 (文中说虽然换了个总统，但还是怎样怎样) F
2) the campaigner has problem talking with the officials NG
3)推广 plain English 产生了 economic benefits (文中说增加了
sales ) T
4) patients talk with docotors 后因为 doctors tend to use jargon 然后病人 confused NG
5)还有个是关于法院的 word check is made rugularly NG
填空题
我记得有个关于 DO - IT - YOURSELF 说应该现在 first - time users
上测试，他们通常感觉 upset (这个词我忘了是什么，反正就在那一句里面)其他的反正应该不是很难，就在那几段里面。

哦，我还记得有个填 legal jargon。

最新雅思G类阅读真题G类阅读一篇说员工出差的报销问题：不确定能不能报销的先找line manager(可能是其他人这个记不清了）；报销要保存帐单；车票和国内国际机票国内机票只能经济舱国际的可以其他；住宿旅馆要求经常去的地区只能住单位联系的酒店有折扣其他地区3星级或多少钱以下;其他文具啥的费用怎么样忘了另一篇超市招聘长期员工，面试后给feedback，店内不让查电子邮件，要提供有住址的帐单，其他不记得了还有一篇说的几个房屋广告：楼层高的那个不适合老人和残疾人; 天花板高的那个有储物空间;附近有学校的适合家庭带小孩;有一个房子下面有双车库，另一个外边有双车库是迷惑项;有个房子internal需要decorate，题目里说需要painting;另一个房子是房间已经update 过了;还有一个房子是很小但是可以扩大，并且有风格特色，忘了是不是前面其中的一个。

第四篇大阅读是鲸鱼唱歌的题，只记得大概，第一部分是选择xx40年xx50年一直到xx80年都有什么成果，第二部分t/f/ng的前几个西岸东岸鱼群的弄得有点晕，后面选择题，问鲸鱼唱歌是小节重复还是主题重复啥的，还问了什么情况下变歌，还有同个海洋的鲸鱼，地理位置近的歌声相近之类的。

G类的作文小作文向房屋中介介绍自己租房要求到一个英语国家快开始工作了全家要租房子大作文air travel 越来越便宜有人说是positive 进步有人反对，分析两边给出自己的观点。

经验分享如下：雅思阅读：速读就是方法听力和阅读我实在没什么可以分享的,考前从来没复习过,如果说技巧的, 可以介绍一个阅读技巧,因为本人没出来之前A类就考过阅读8.5,所以有点小经验,大部分同学的问题是读不完,我觉得最重要的千万不要看不懂一句话,就没完没了的读那句话,快速的向后看,通过后面的文章理解前面的，通过问题来猜测文章大意.先通读问题,然后带着问题速读,注意一定要速读原文!!!!雅思听力：机经少看听力机井实在不建议大家看,对于要考7的同志门,最好的方法就是提高自己的实力,坚持听新闻,每天xx分钟,就会有很明显的提高,而且对口语很有帮助如果实在要看机经,我建议大家就看看当中比较古怪的SECTION ,类似于什么大猩猩行为的,主要是对一些生词熟悉。

雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第一篇内容摘要：The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels.★Why did a promising heart drug fail?Doomed drug highlights complications of meddling with cholesterol.1. The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels. But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of 'good' cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.2. Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib, a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). In a trial of 15000 patients, a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.3. The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease. "There have been no red flags to my knowledge," says John Chapman, a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib. "This cancellation came as a complete shock."4. Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body. Specifically, torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones. Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the 'bad' low-density lipoproteins.Under pressure5. Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired, something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer. One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients. It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug. But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure. If blood pressure is the explanation, it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound. Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall.6. But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed, says Moti Kashyap, who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California. When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver, they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process. So inhibiting CETP, which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL, might actually cause an abnormal and irreversibleaccumulation of cholesterol in the body. "You're blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway," says Kashyap.Going up7. Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients. But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling. Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone. Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by, for example, introducing synthetic HDLs. "The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib, not the whole idea of raising HDL," says Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.(613 words nature)Questions 1-7This passage has 7 paragraphs 1-7.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. How does torcetrapib work?ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trialiii. One failure may possibly bring about future successiv. The failure doesn’t lead to total loss of confidenc ev. It is the right route to followvi. Why it’s stoppedvii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal resultviii. What’s wrong with the drugix. It might be wrong at the first placeExample answerParagraph 1 iv1． Paragraph 2 vi2． Paragraph 3 ii3． Paragraph 4 vii4． Paragraph 5 ix5． Paragraph 6 viii6． Paragraph 7 ivQuestions 7-13Match torcetrapib，HDLs，statin and CETP with their functions （Questions 8-13）.. Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.7．It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.8．It could help rid human body of cholesterol.9．Researchers are yet to find more about it.10. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.11. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if it’s blocked.12. It produced contradictory results in different trials.13. It could inhibit LDLs.List of choicesA. TorcetrapicB. HDLSC. StatinD. CETP(by Zhou Hong)Suggested Answers and Explanations1． vi2． ii3． vii 本段介绍了torcetrapib和statin的治病原理，但是同时短语“in contrast”与之前第二段后半段的内容呼应，暗示了这两种药在理论上能相辅相成，是理想的搭配。

雅思英语阅读练习题及答案12雅思阅读雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第十二篇雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第十二篇★Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the TreatyA.After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2022年. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.B.There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2022年the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2022年’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2022年, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.C.The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every雅思阅读four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2022年. And in 2022年they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration―until the cal m rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.D.In 2022年the European Union marks the 50th anniversary o f another treaty―the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstance s, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would befairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other雅思阅读reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and―hey presto―a new quasi-constitution will be ready.E.According to the German government―which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2022年―there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility ofpublic rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2022年-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.F.The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2022年because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental雅思阅读countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries. G.That did not happen in 2022年-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries―France, Italy and Germany―were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2022年all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.H.The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2022年. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2022年. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2022年just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.雅思阅读Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1.After years’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2022年.2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2022年in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.雅思阅读5.French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2022年.6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.Questions 7-10Complet the following sentencces.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to makea rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a newtreaty.8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2022年-10.10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2022年.雅思阅读Questions 11-14Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2022年.B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2022年.C. The development of European economy are likely to slowdown by 2022年.D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2022年.12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.A. stopped completely.B. pushed strongly.C. motivated wholely.D. impeded totally.雅思阅读13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2022年.D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2022年.14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2022年--2022年, becauseA. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France andHolland rejected the constitution.C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.Part IINotes to the Reading Passage1. pan-Enropeanpan-: 前缀：全，总，泛雅思阅读pan-African 全/泛非洲的（运动）pan-Enropean全/泛欧的（机构建设）2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于Material development outstripped human development”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落；衰退或消减The tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。

2020年雅思真题答案及解析随着全球化的加剧和留学的普及，雅思考试作为一项用于评估英语语言能力的国际标准化考试，逐渐被越来越多的考生所关注。

2020年雅思考试真题备受考生关注，下面将为大家提供一些2020年雅思考试的题目及其解析。

一、听力部分：听力是雅思考试中的第一项，也是一些考生觉得最为困难的一部分。

以下是2020年雅思听力部分的一道题目及解析，供大家参考。

题目：你将听到一个学生通过电话跟学校的图书馆咨询关于借阅书籍的信息。

请根据所听到的内容完成下面的表格。

Book DetailsBook Title: The ___1___ ChildAuthor: ___2___Genre: ___3___Publication Date: ___4___答案解析：1. Missing information；2. Phillips；3. Romance；4. 2020.二、口语部分：雅思口语部分通常由三个部分组成，其中Part 2是考生最需要准备的一个环节。

以下是2020年雅思口语Part 2的一道题目及解析，供大家参考。

题目：描述一个你希望参加的体育比赛。

答案解析：这个题目要求考生描述一个自己期望参加的体育比赛。

考生可以选择任何一项体育运动，如足球比赛、篮球比赛或者田径比赛等等。

在回答时，考生可以从以下几个方面展开：1. 决定参加这个比赛的原因：比如对这项运动的兴趣、想要挑战自己等等；2. 参加这个比赛的准备工作：比如必要的训练、技巧的磨练等等；3. 比赛过程的描述：比如比赛的规则、自己的表现等等；4. 比赛结束后的感受：自己对比赛结果的评价、对自身表现的评价等等。

通过以上几个方面的描述和分析，考生可以较为全面地回答这个问题，并且展示出自己对体育比赛的理解和思考。

三、阅读部分：阅读部分是雅思考试中的第二项，在时间上也相对较长。

以下是2020年雅思阅读部分的一道题目及解析，供大家参考。

题目：阅读下面的文章，回答问题。

Academic ReadingALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.The test is divided as follows:Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later.TLME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTESNUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below. Write the correct number (i-x) in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.Example Paragraph A Answer iv1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph EExample Paragraph F Answer ii5 Paragraph GSpace travel AND healthASpace biomedicine is a relatively new area of research both in the USA and in Europe. Its main objectives are to study the effects of space travel on the human body, identifying the most critical medical problems and finding solutions to those problems. Space biomedicine centres are receiving increasing direct support from NASA and/or the European Space Agency (ESA).BThis involvement of NASA and the ESA reflects growing concern that the feasibility of travel to other planets, and beyond, is no longer limited by engineering constraints but by what the human body can actually withstand. The discovery of ice on Mars, for instance, means that there is now no necessity to design and develop a spacecraft large and powerful enough to transport the vast amounts of water needed to sustain the crew throughout journeys that may last many years. Without the necessary protection and medical treatment, however, their bodies would be devastated by the unremittingly hostile environment of space.CThe most obvious physical changes undergone by people in zero gravity are essentially harmless; in some cases they are even amusing. The blood and other fluids are no longer dragged down towards the feet by the gravity of Earth, so they accumulate higher up in the body, creating what is sometimes called ‘fat face’,together with the contrasting ‘chicken legs’ syndrome as the lower limbs become thinner.DMuch more serious are the unseen consequences after months or years in space. With no gravity, there is less need for a sturdy skeleton to support the body, with the result that the bones weaken, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. This extra calcium can overload the kidneys, leading ultimately to renal failure. Muscles too lose strength through lack of use. The heart becomes smaller, losing the power to pump oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, while the lungs lose the capacity to breathe fully. The digestive system becomes less efficient, a weakened immune system is increasingly unable to prevent diseases and the high levels of solar and cosmic radiation can cause various forms of cancer.ETo make matters worse, a wide range of medical difficulties can arise in the case of an accident or serious illness when the patient is millions of kilometres from Earth. There is simply not enough room available inside a space vehicle to include all the equipment from a hospital’s casualty unit, some of which would not work properly in space anyway. Even basic things such as a drip depend on gravity to function, while standard resuscitation techniques become ineffective if sufficient weight cannot be applied. The only solution seems to be to create extremely small medical tools and ‘smart’ devices that can, for example, diagnose and treat internal injuries using ultrasound. The cost of designing and producing this kind of equipment is bound to be, well, astronomical.FSuch considerations have led some to question the ethics of investing huge sums of money to help a handful of people who, after all, are willingly risking their own health in outer space, when so much needs to be donea lot closer to home. It is now clear, however, that every problem of space travel has a parallel problem on Earth that will benefit from the knowledge gained and the skills developed from space biomedical research. For instance, the very difficulty of treating astronauts in space has led to rapid progress in the field of telemedicine, which in turn has brought about developments that enable surgeons to communicate with patients in inaccessible parts of the world. To take another example, systems invented to sterilize waste water on board spacecraft could be used by emergency teams to filter contaminated water at the scene of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. In the same way, miniature monitoring equipment, developed to save weight in space capsules, will eventually become tiny monitors that patients on Earth can wear without discomfort wherever they go.GNevertheless, there is still one major obstacle to carrying out studies into the effects of space travel: how to do so without going to the enormous expense of actually working in space. To simulate conditions in zero gravity, one tried and tested method is to work under water, but the space biomedicine centres are also looking at other ideas. In one experiment, researchers study the weakening of bones that results from prolonged inactivity. This would involve volunteers staying in bed for three months, but the centre concerned is confident there should be no great difficulty in finding people willing to spend twelve weeks lying down. All in the name of science, of course.Questions 6 and 7Answer the question below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6 Where, apart from Earth, can space travellers find water ........................7 What happens to human legs during space travel ..........................Questions 8-12Do the following statements agree with the writer’s views in Reading Passage 1In boxes 8-12 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with tile views of the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage8 The obstacles to going far into space are now medical, not technological.9 Astronauts cannot survive more than two years in space.10 It is morally wrong to spend so much money on space biomedicine.11 Some kinds of surgery are more successful when performed in space.12 Space biomedical research can only be done in space.Questions 13 and 14Complete the table belowChoose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 13 and 14 on your answer sheet.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2.Cannes. Monte Carlo. St Tropez. Magic names all. And much of the enchantment comes from the deep blue water that laps their shores. But what if somebody pulled the plug Suppose the Mediterranean Sea were to vanish, leaving behind an expanse of salt desert the size of India. Hard to imagine It happened.‘It would have looked like Death Valley,’ says Bill Ryan, from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York, one of the leaders of the team that discovered the Mediterranean had once dried up, then refilled in a deluge of Biblical proportions. Between five and six million years ago, the great desiccation touched off what scientists call me Messinian Salinity Crisis-a global chemical imbalance that triggered a wrenching series of extinctions and plunged the Earth into an ice age.The first indications of some extraordinary past events came in the 1960s, when geologists 20 discovered that major rivers flowing into the Mediterranean had eroded deep canyons in the rock at the bottom of the sea. River erosion of bedrock cannot occur below sea level, yet somehow the River Rhone in the South of France had managed to create a channel1000 metres deep in the sea floor, while the Nile had cut nearly 1500 metres into the rock off the North African coast. There was more: despite the fact that the formation of caves can only take place above water, scientists 30 discovered a whole network beneath the island of Malta that reached an astonishing depth of 2000 metres below sea level.Further evidence came to light in 1970, when an international team chugged across the Mediterranean in a drilling ship to study the sea floor near the Spanish island of Majorca. Strange things started turning up in core samples: layers of microscopic plants and soil sandwiched between beds of salt more than two kilometres below today’s sea level. The plants had grown in sunlight. Also discovered inside the rock were fossilized shallow-water shellfish, together with salt and silt: particles of sand and mud that had once been carried by river water. Could the sea floor once have been near a shorelineThat question led Ryan and his fellow team leader, Kenneth Hsǖ, to piece together a staggering chain of events. About million years ago, they concluded, the Mediterranean was gradually cut off from the Atlantic Ocean when continental drift pinned Morocco against Spain. As the opening became both narrower and shallower, the deep outward flow from sea to ocean was progressively cut off, leaving only the shallow inward flow of ocean water into the Mediterranean. As this water evaporated, the sea became more saline and creatures that couldn’t handle the rising salt content perished. ‘The sea’s interior was dead as a door nail, except for bacteria,’ says Ryan. When the shallow opening at Gibraltar fin ally closed completely, the Mediterranean, with only rivers to feed it, dried up and died.Meanwhile, the evaporated water was falling back to Earth as rain. Whenthe fresh water reached the oceans, it made them less saline. With less salt in it to act as an antifreeze, parts of the ocean that would not normally freeze began to turn to ice. ‘The ice reflects sunlight into space,’ says Ryan. 'The planet cools. You drive yourself into an ice age.’Eventually, a small breach in the Gibraltar dam sent the process into reverse. Ocean water cut a tiny channel to the Mediterranean. As the gap enlarged, the water flowed faster and faster, until the torrent ripped through the emerging Straits of Gibraltar at more than 100 knots. ‘The Gibraltar Falls were 100 times bigger than Victoria Falls and a thousand times grander than Niagara,’ Hsǖwrote in his book The Mediterranean was a Desert (Princeton University Press, 1983).In the end the rising waters of the vast inland sea drowned the falls and warm water began to escape to the Atlantic, reheating the oceans and the planet. The salinity crisis ended about million years ago. It had lasted roughly 400,000 years.Subsequent drilling expeditions have added a few wrinkles to Ryan and Hsǖ’s scenario. For example, researchers have found salt deposits more than two kilometres thick - so thick, some believe, that the Mediterranean must have dried up and refilled many times. But those are just geological details. For tourists the crucial question is, could it happen again Should Malaga start stockpiling dynamiteNot yet, says Ryan. If continental drift does reseal the Mediterranean, it won’t be for several million years. ‘Some future creatures may face the issue of how to respond to nature’s closure. It’s not something our species has to worry about.’Questions 15-19Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.The 1960s discovery of 15.......................... in the bedrock of the Mediterranean, as well as deep caves beneath Malta, suggested something strange had happened in the region, as these features must have been formed16 ......................... sea level. Subsequent examination of the17.......................... off Majorca provided more proof. Rock samples from 2000 metres down contained both vegetation and 18.......................... that could not have lived in deep water, as well as 19.......................... originally transported by river.Questions 20-22Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20 The extra ice did not absorb the heat from the sun, so...21 The speed of the water from the Atlantic increased as...22 The Earth and its oceans became warmer when...Questions 23-27Choose the appropriate letters A, B, C or D and write them in boxes 23-27 on your answer sheet.23 What, according to Ryan and Hsǖ, happened about million years agoA Movement of the continents suddenly closed the Straits of Gibraltar.B The water level of the Atlantic Ocean gradually fell.C The flow of water into the Mediterranean was immediately cut off.D Water stopped flowing from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.24 Why did most of the animal and plant life in the Mediterranean dieA The water became too salty.B There was such a lot of bacteria in the water.C The rivers did not provide salt water.D The sea became a desert.25 According to the text, the events at Gibraltar led toA a permanent cooling of the Earth.B the beginning and the end of an ice age.C the formation of waterfalls elsewhere in the world.D a lack of salt in the oceans that continues to this day.26 More recent studies show thatA Ryan and Hsǖ’s theory was correct in every detail.B the Mediterranean was never cut off from the Atlantic.C it may have been cut off more than once.D it might once have been a freshwater lake.27 At the end of the article, Ryan suggests thatA the Mediterranean will never dry up again.B humans will have the technology to prevent it drying up again.C the Mediterranean is certain to dry up again one day.D humans will never see the Mediterranean dry up.Reading Passage 3onAGenetic studies show that dogs evolved from wolves and remain as similar to the creatures from which they came as humans with different physical characteristics are to each other, which is. to say not much different at all, ‘Even in the most changeable mitochondrial DNA markers - DNA handed down on the mother’s side- dogs and wolves differ by not’ much more tha n one per cent’ says Robert Wayne, a geneticist at the University of California at Los Angeles.BWolf-like species go back one to two million years, says Wayne, whose genetic work suggests dogs of some sort began breaking away about 100,000 years ago. Wolf and early human fossils have been found close together from as far back as 400,000 years ago, but dog and human fossils date back only about 14,000 years, all of which puts wolves and/or dogs in the company of man or his progenitor’s before the developm ent of farming and permanent human settlements, at a time when both species survived on what they could scratch out hunting or scavenging.CWhy would these competitors cooperate The answer probably lies in the similar social structure and size of wolf packs and early human clans, the compatibility of their hunting objectives and range, and thewillingness of humans to accept into camp the most suppliant wolves, the young or less threatening ones.DCertain wolves or protodogs may have worked their way close to the fire ring after smelling something good to eat, then into early human gatherings by proving helpful or unthreatening. As wandering packs of twenty- five or thirty wolves and clans of like- numbered nomadic humans roamed the landscape in tandem, hunting big game, the animals hung around campsites scavenging leftovers, and the humans might have used the wolves’ superior scenting ability and speed to locate and track prospective kills. At night, wolves with their keen senses could warn humans of danger approaching.ETimes might not have been as hard back then as is commonly thought, in many instances food would have been plentiful, predators few, and the boundaries between humans and wildlife porous. Through those pores slipped smaller or less threatening wolves, which from living in packs where alpha bosses reigned would know the tricks of subservience and could adapt to humans in charge. Puppies in particular would be hard to resist, as they are today. Thus was a union born and a process of domestication begun.FOver the millennia, admission of certain wolves and protodogs into human camps and exclusion of larger, more threatening ones led to the development of people-friendly breeds distinguishable from wolves by size, shape, coat, cars and markings. Dogs were generally smaller than wolves, their snouts proportionally reduced. They would assist in the hunt cleanup camp by eating garbage, warn of danger, keep humans warm, and serve as food. Native Americans among others ate puppies, and in some societies it remains accepted practice.GBy the fourth millennium BC Egyptian rock and pottery drawings show dogs being put to work by men. Then, as now, the relationship was not without drawbacks. Feral dogs roamed city streets, stealing food from people returning from market. Despite their penchant for misbehaviour, and sometimes because of it, dogs keep turning up at all the important junctures in human history.HIn ancient Greece, 350 years before Christ, Aristotle described three types of domesticated dogs, including speedy Laconians used by the rich to chase and kill rabbits and deer. Three hundred years later, Roman warriors trained large dogs for battle. The brutes could knock an armed man from his horse and dismember him.IIn seventeenth-century England, dogs still worked, pulling carts, sleds, and ploughs, herding livestock, or working as turn-spits, powering wheels that turned beef and venison over open fires. But Working dogs were not much loved and were usually hanged or drowned when they got old. ‘Unnecessary’ dogs meanwhile gained status among English royalty. King James I was said to love his dogs more than his subjects. Charles Ⅱ was famous for playing with his dog at Council table, and his brother James had dogs at sea in 1682 when his ship was caught in a storm. As sailors drowned, he allegedly cried out, ‘Save the dogs and Colonel Churchill!’JBy the late nineteenth century the passion for breeding led to the creation of private registries to protect prized bloodlines. The Kennel Club was formed in England in 1873, and eleven years later the American Kennel Club (AKC) was formed across the Atlantic. Today the AKC registers 150 breeds, the Kennel Club lists 196, and the Europe-based Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes many more. Dog shows sprouted in the mid- 1800s when unnecessary dogs began vastly to outnumber working ones, as they do to this day. Unless, that is, you count companionship as a job.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has ten paragraphs labelled A-J.Write the correct letters A-J in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Which paragraph explains how dogs became different in appearance from wolves29 Which paragraph describes the classification of dogs into many different types30 Which paragraph states the basic similarity between wolves and dogs31 Which paragraph gives examples of greater human concern for animals than for peopleQuestions 32-35Which FOUR of the following statements are made in the textChoose FOUR letters from A-H and write them in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.A In a typical camp there were many more wolves than humans.B Neither the wolves nor the humans lived in one place for long.C Some wolves learned to obey human leaders.D Humans chose the most dangerous wolves to help them hunt.E There was very little for early humans to eat.F Wolves got food from early humans.G Wolves started living with humans when agriculture began.H Early humans especially liked very young wolves.Questions 36-40Write the correct letters A-F in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.36 in war37 as a source of energy38 as food39 to hunt other animals40 to work with farm animals。

雅思考试阅读理解范文雅思考试是国际上非常著名的英语语言考试之一，其中阅读理解是考察考生英语阅读能力的重要部分。

在雅思考试中，阅读理解的题目种类繁多，涵盖了各种各样的文章类型，考生需要有很强的阅读能力和解题能力才能顺利完成考试。

接下来，我们将通过一篇范文来展示一种典型的雅思阅读理解题目及解答方式。

题目：The Benefits of Outdoor ExerciseOutdoor exercise has numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. Not only does it provide the opportunity to be active in a natural environment, but it also offers a welcome break from the hustle and bustle of modern life. In this article, we will explore the advantages of outdoor exercise and why it is becoming increasingly popular among fitness enthusiasts.首先，户外运动提供了大量新鲜空气和阳光，有益于身体健康。

相比于在健身房里面动辄闷热的空气，户外运动可以让人更加愉快地运动，呼吸到更多清新的空气，这对心肺功能和免疫系统都有好处。

此外，户外锻炼还能促进身体的新陈代谢，有助于消耗多余的脂肪，减轻体重，提高身体素质。

因此，越来越多的人选择在户外进行运动，享受这样一种健康的生活方式。

此外，户外运动还能促进心理健康。

在如今快节奏的生活中，人们常常感到压力大、焦虑和情绪低落。

而户外运动能够让人置身于大自然中，远离城市喧嚣，放松身心，舒缓压力。

研究表明，户外运动可以促进身体释放内啡肽，提高人的快感，缓解不良情绪，改善睡眠质量。

剑桥雅思阅读解析t e s t TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-T e s t 2 Question 1答案：isolation关键词：6800/variety of language/geographical定位原文：第3段第1句“Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people.”解题思路：根据这句话可知，语言多样性是由于地理上的isolation。

Question 2答案：economic globalization/globalization/socio-economic pressures关键词：government/huge decrease定位原文：第5段第4句“…the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic pressures...”解题思路：本题目要看清楚问的是语言消失的原因，and表示并列，因此空中应该填与governmentinitiatives对等的原因，而文中第五段前半部分提到政府政策对语言的影响，但是科学家们也指出，真正致命的原因是社会经济压力。

Question 3答案：cultural identity关键词：Increasing appr?eciation/language classes定位原文：第7段第2句话“But a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst predictions from coming true.”解题思路：“increasing appreciation”和文中的“growing interest”是同义替换，故正确答案是cultural identity。

雅思考试频道为⼤家推出【】考⽣可点击以下⼊⼝进⼊免费试听页⾯！⾜不出户就可以边听课边学习，为⼤家的梦想助⼒!2017年2⽉25⽇雅思笔试机经回忆（阅读）Passage 1：童年概念的发展The concept of childhood in the western countries1. FALSE2. FALSE3. TRUE4. NOT GIVEN5. FALSE6. NOT GIVEN7. TRUE8. history of childhood9. miniature adults10. industrialization11. The factory Act12. play and education13. classroomPassage2：冰川(⽆忧核⼼预测命中)Passage 3：澳⼤利亚⼟壤盐碱化全程班→雅思全能6.5分VIP全程班特⾊：内部讲义+专业作⽂精批+外教1对1⼝语模考+免费重读主讲⽼师：王超伟、王煦、徐晓如、朱峰、袁伯娜、新东⽅外教团队适⽤⼈群：⾄少具备⼤学六级英语⽔平，⽬标分数为6.5分，英语基础较好的同学班→雅思全能7分VIP班特⾊：内部讲义+专业作⽂精批+外教1对1⼝语模考+免费重读主讲⽼师：姜⼤⾬、赵楠、韩悦娇、蒋中蓝、袁伯娜、王超伟、新东⽅外教团队适⽤⼈群：⾄少具备⼤学六级英语⽔平，⽬标分数为7分及以上，英语基础较好的同学直达班→知⼼雅思全能7分直达班特⾊：内部讲义主讲⽼师：姜⼤⾬、赵楠、韩悦娇、蒋中蓝、袁伯娜、王超伟适⽤⼈群：⾄少具备⼤学六级⾼分英语⽔平，⽬标分数为7分及以上，英语基础很好，仅需要针对雅思培训的同学。

雅思阅读真题答案：龙涎香Ambergris为了帮助大家备考雅思的阅读，参考更多真题，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读真题答案：龙涎香 Ambergris，望喜欢！雅思阅读真题答案：龙涎香 Ambergris文章标题 Ambergris 龙涎香文章大意关于ambergris龙涎香和amber琥珀第一段说ambergris这个东西很久以前就有了，然后说ambergris的用途有 for medicine， spice，用来制作perfume 什么的等等（有题，matching）然后说但是人们不知道它是从哪里来的，再就是说在古代it worth in weight in gold，当然是贵了。

第二段说以前人们一直把ambergris和amber当作一种东西。

但是有个叫Dick的作者写了一本书讲了这两个东西的区别（有题，matching）说ambergris 通常发现在海面或者shore，但是仍然不知道是从哪里来的。

Amber是一种什么东西，与松树pine有关，然后说了amber的一些特性 hard，transparent，等等，用来做装饰品，头饰什么的，同样 very costly。

（有题，matching）第三段说ambergris是与sperm whale的intestine肠子里的消化digest 某种东西有关。

以为intestine会有题，结果没有，提到了马可波罗，好像与这个发现有关（没题，当笑话好了）第四段就是具体describe ambergris的产生过程了。

（summary 题）大意是，sperm whale吃一种东西叫beaks of squalid，肠子就有助消化，但是不能完全消化，就转化成了另一种东西，应该是体内的垃圾。

这种垃圾是soft的，会被sperm whale 呕吐出来 be vomited up。

然后这种东西遇到空气就会变硬 harden，于是就形成了ambergris了，也解释了为什么ambergris总在海面和shore被发现。

雅思阅读练习题目及答案阅读练题目
1. 题目：如何提高阅读理解能力？
选项：
a) 多读英文书籍
b) 注重词汇积累
c) 多做阅读理解练题
d) 参加英语角活动
2. 题目：阅读理解中的推理题是什么意思？
选项：
a) 根据文章中的信息做出推断
b) 需要背诵文章的内容
c) 需要记住生词的中文翻译
d) 根据标题猜测文章的主题
3. 题目：如何有效解答阅读理解中的推理题？
选项：
a) 仔细阅读文章并理解关键信息
b) 熟练掌握各种推理题的解题技巧
c) 跳过推理题，先解答其他类型的题目
d) 参考同学的答案来确定自己的选择
阅读练答案
1. 答案：a) 多读英文书籍
2. 答案：a) 根据文章中的信息做出推断
3. 答案：a) 仔细阅读文章并理解关键信息
以上是一份关于雅思阅读练题目及答案的文档，通过多读英文
书籍、注重词汇积累和多做阅读理解练题，可以提高阅读理解能力。

在解答阅读理解中的推理题时，需要仔细阅读文章并理解关键信息，根据文章中的信息做出推断。

T h e S p e c t a c u l a r E r u p t i o n o f M o u n t S t.H e l e n sA The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world withits violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energyreleased was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth'scrust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. Oneedge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate,producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and LassenPeak as well as Mount St. Helens.C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs oflife during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United StatesGeological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival ofEuropeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoringthe volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by themountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of thecentury. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a fewclouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger anddarker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In Aprila slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northernflank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft theslopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodgeowner who had livedthere for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including anentire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock haddisintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale wasrecorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entire north face ofthe mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shothorizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the slidingice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed alllife in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as adust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash andgas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamoltenrock-at temperatures above 2000o F. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. Thebuild-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magmagrew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressurecaused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shakensoda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas andfragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of thesurrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off bythe shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. Allthe towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash siltedup the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of thevolcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysed inhistory. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts oftechnical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of theexplosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and theEarth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of MountSt. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has beencalculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- wasnegligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmaiin Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed insidethe new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on..Questions 1 and 2Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answersheet.Example AnswerWhich paragraph compares the eruption to the energy Areleased by nuclear bomb?1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens?Questions 3 and 43. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980?Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above?Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answersheetQuestions 5-8Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.W rite your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of thecentury. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors andclouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of themountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18that ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.Question 9 and 10Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.Item Equivalent toExampleThe energy released by the explosion ofMount St. HelensAnswer500 nuclear bombsThe area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...Question 11Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced ourclimate by ...A increasing the amount of rainfall.B heating the atmosphere.C cooling the air temperature.D causing atmospheric storms.READING PASSAGE 2Questions 12-16Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet. NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the headings more than once.List of Headings(i) The effect of changing demographics on organisations(ii) Future changes in the European workforce(iii) The unstructured interview and its validity(iv) The person-skills match approach to selection(v) The implications of a poor person-environment fit(vi) Some poor selection decisions(vii) The validity of selection procedures(viii) The person-environment fit(ix) Past and future demographic changes in Europe(x) Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failureExample Paragraph A Answer (x)12. Paragraph B13. Paragraph C14. Paragraph D15. Paragraph E16. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 Britishcompanies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionallyundertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because ofundercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely,organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen oftenunderperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity,degree and sustainmentof organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet andthe "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more completeexplanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisationactually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, ispeople.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for thejob involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational andprofessional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who ismost likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition toacquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in aparticular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, withother employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of theorganisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992).Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience toworking in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout ￡ 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The cos ts of employing an unsuitable technician on an oilrig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss oflife. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low jobsatisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisationaloutcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e.physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticatedand more objective selection techniques available, including the use ofpsychometric tests,assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis ofa single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selectiondecision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, theinterviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject"decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that theunstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poorpredictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods likegraphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer'smarket" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economictrends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, Thebirth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level neededto ensure replacementof the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeanswill be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% ofall women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% ofmen.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make itincreasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be moreresponsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain anddevelop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from homeor job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting andretaining staff in the future.Questions 17-22Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in ReadingPassage 2?In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage17. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.18. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.19. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.20. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.21. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.22. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.Questions 23-25Complete the notes below with words taken from Reading Passage 2. Use NO MORE THANONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-38 which are based on Reading Passage 3on pages 9 and 10."The Rollfilm Revolution"The introduction of the dry plate process brought with it many advantages. Not only was it muchmore convenient, so that the photographer no longer needed to prepare his material in advance,but its much greater sensitivity made possible a new generation of cameras. Instantaneousexposures had been possible before, but only with some difficulty and with special equipment andconditions. Now, exposures short enough to permit the camera to the held in the hand were easilyachieved. As well as fitting shutters and viewfinders to their conventional stand cameras,manufacturers began to construct smaller cameras in tended specifically for hand use.One of the first designs to be published was Thomas Bolas' s 'Detective' camera of 1881.Externally a plain box, quite unlike the folding bellows camera typical of the period, it could beused unobtrusively. The name caught on, and for the next decade or soalmost all hand cameralwere called ' Detectives', Many. of the new designs in the 1880s were for magazine cameras, inwhich a number of dry plates could be pre-loaded and changed one after another followingexposure. Although much more convenient than stand cameras, still used by most serious workers,magazine plate cameras were heavy, and required access to a darkroom for loading andprocessing the plates. This was all changed by a young American bank clerk turned photographicmanufacturer, George Eastman, from Rochester, New York.Eastman had begun to manufacture gelatine dry plates in 1880. being one of the first to do so inAmerica. He soon looked for ways of simplifying photography, believing that many people wereput off by the complication and messiness. His first step was to develop, wih the cameramanufacturer William H. Walker, a holder for a long roll of paper negative 'film'. This could befitted to a standard plate camera and up to forty-eight exposures made before reloading. Thecombined weight of the paper roll and the holder was far less than the samenumber of glassplates in their ling-tight wooden holders. Although roll-holders had been made as early as the1850s, none had been very successful be cause of the limitations of the photographic materialsthen available. Eastman's rollable paper film was sensitive and gave negatives of good quality;the Eastman-Walker roll-holder was a great success.The next step was to combine the roll-holder with a small hand camera; Eastman's first designwas patented with an employee, F. M. Cossitt, in 1886. It was not a success. Only fifty Eastmandetective cameras were made, and they were sold as a lot to a dealer in 1887; the cost was toohigh and the design too complicated. Eastman set about developing a new model, which waslaunched in June 1888. It was a small box, containing a roll of paperbased stripping filmsufficient for 100 circular exposures 6 cm in diameter. Its operation was simple: set the shutter bypulling a wire string; aim the camera using the V line impression in the camera top; press therelease botton to activate the exposure; and turn a special key to wind to thefilm. A hundredexposures had to be made, so it was important to record each picture in the memorandum bookprovided, since there was no exposure counter. Eastman gave his camera the invented name'Kodak'-which was easily pronounceable in most languages. and had two Ks which Eastman feltwas a firm, uncompromising kind of letter.The importance of Eastman's new roll-film camera was not that it was the first. There had beenseveral earlier cameras, notably the Stirn 'America', first demonstrated in the spring of 1887 andon sale from early 1888. This also used a roll of negative paper, and had such refinements as areflecting viewfinder and an ingenious exposure marker. The real significance of the first Kodakcamera was that it was backed up by a developing and printing service. Hitherto ,virtually allphotographers developed and printed their own pictures. This required that facilities of adarkroom and the time and inclination to handle the necessary chemicals, make the prints and soon. Eastman recognized that not everyone had the resources or the desire todo this. When acustomer had made a hundred exposures in the Kodak camera, he sent it to Eastman's factory inRochester (or later in Harrow in England) where the film was unloaded, processed and printed,the camera reloaded and returned to the owner. "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest" ranEastman's classic marketing slogan; photography had been brought to everyone. Everyone, that is,who could afford $ 25 or five guineas for the camera and $ 10 or two guineas for the developingand printing . A guinea ( $ 5 ) was a week's wages for many at the time, so this simple camera costthe equivalent of hundreds of dollars today.In 1889 an improved model with a new shutter design was introduced, and it was called the No. 2Kodak camera. The paper-based stripping film was complicated to manipulate, since theprocessed negative image had to be stripped from the paper base for printing. At the end of 1889Eastman launched a new roll film on a celluloid base. Clear, tough, transparent and flexible, thenew film not only made the rollfilm camera fully practical, but provided theraw material for theintroduction of cinematography a few years later. Other, larger models were introduced, includingseveral folding versions, one of which took pictures 21.6 cm x 16.5 cm in size. Othermanufacturers in America and Europe introduced cameras to take the Kodak roll-films, and otherfirms began to offer developing and printing services for the benefit of the new breed ofPhotographers.By September 1889 , over 5,000 Kodak cameras had been sold in the USA, and the company wasdaily printing 6-7,000 negatives, Holidays and special events created enormous surges in demandfor processing: 900 Kodak users returned their cameras for processing and reloading in the weekafter the New York centennial celebration.Questions 26-29Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 26-29 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does agree with the writerNOTGIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage26. Before the dry plate process short exposures could only b achieved with cameras held inthe hand.27. Stirn's America' camera lacked Kodak's developing service.28. The first Kodak film cost the equivalent of a week's wages to develop.29. Some of Eastman's 1891 range of cameras could be loaded in daylight. Questions 30-34Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.Questions 35-38Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-38 on your answer sheet.。

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2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：新手与
专家
雅思阅读解析及答案：新手与专家
2021年雅思阅读模拟练习试题及答案：竹子雅思阅读解析及答案：竹子。

11111111T h e S p e c t a c u l a r E r u p t i o n o f M o u n t S t.H e l e n s A The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world withits violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energyreleased was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth'scrust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. Oneedge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate,producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and LassenPeak as well as Mount St. Helens.C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs oflife during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United StatesGeological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival ofEuropeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoringthe volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by themountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of thecentury. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a fewclouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger anddarker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In Aprila slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northernflank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft theslopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodge owner who had livedthere for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including anentire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock haddisintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale wasrecorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entirenorth face ofthe mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shothorizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the slidingice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed alllife in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as adust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash andgas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamoltenrock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. Thebuild-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magmagrew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressurecaused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shakensoda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas andfragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of thesurrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off bythe shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. Allthe towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash siltedup the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of thevolcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysedinhistory. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts oftechnical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of theexplosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and theEarth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of MountSt. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has beencalculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- wasnegligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmaiin Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed insidethe new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on..Questions 1 and 2Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answersheet.Example AnswerWhich paragraph compares the eruption to the energy Areleased by nuclear bomb?1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens? Questions 3 and 43. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980? Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above? Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answer sheetQuestions 5-8Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.W rite your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of thecentury. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors andclouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of themountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18that ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.Question 9 and 10Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.Item Equivalent toExampleThe energy released by the explosion ofMount St. HelensAnswer500 nuclear bombsThe area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...Question 11Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced ourclimate by ...A increasing the amount of rainfall.B heating the atmosphere.C cooling the air temperature.D causing atmospheric storms.READING PASSAGE 2Questions 12-16Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.You may use any of the headings more than once.List of Headings(i) The effect of changing demographics on organisations(ii) Future changes in the European workforce(iii) The unstructured interview and its validity(iv) The person-skills match approach to selection(v) The implications of a poor person-environment fit(vi) Some poor selection decisions(vii) The validity of selection procedures(viii) The person-environment fit(ix) Past and future demographic changes in Europe(x) Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failureExample Paragraph A Answer (x)12. Paragraph B13. Paragraph C14. Paragraph D15. Paragraph E16. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionallyundertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because ofundercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely,organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen oftenunderperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainmentof organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet andthe "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more completeexplanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisationactually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, ispeople.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for thejob involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational andprofessional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who ismost likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition toacquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in aparticular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, withother employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of theorganisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992).Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience toworking in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout ￡20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oilrig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds ofdamage or loss oflife. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low jobsatisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisationaloutcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e.physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticatedand more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests,assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis ofa single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selectiondecision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, theinterviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial"accept" or "reject"decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that theunstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poorpredictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods likegraphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer'smarket" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economictrends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, Thebirth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacementof the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeanswill be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-yearperiod between1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% ofall women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% ofmen.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make itincreasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be moreresponsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain anddevelop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from homeor job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting andretaining staff in the future.Questions 17-22Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage17. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.18. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.19. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.20. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.21. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.22. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now. Questions 23-25Complete the notes below with words taken from Reading Passage 2. Use NO MORE THANONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-38 which are based on Reading Passage 3on pages 9 and 10."The Rollfilm Revolution"The introduction of the dry plate process brought with it many advantages. Not only was it muchmore convenient, so that the photographer no longer needed to prepare his material in advance,but its much greater sensitivity made possible a new generation of cameras. Instantaneousexposures had been possible before, but only with some difficulty and with special equipment andconditions. Now, exposures short enough to permit the camera to the held in the hand were easilyachieved. As well as fitting shutters and viewfinders to their conventional standcameras,manufacturers began to construct smaller cameras in tended specifically for hand use.One of the first designs to be published was Thomas Bolas' s 'Detective' camera of 1881.Externally a plain box, quite unlike the folding bellows camera typical of the period, it could beused unobtrusively. The name caught on, and for the next decade or so almost all hand cameralwere called ' Detectives', Many. of the new designs in the 1880s were for magazine cameras, inwhich a number of dry plates could be pre-loaded and changed one after another followingexposure. Although much more convenient than stand cameras, still used by most serious workers,magazine plate cameras were heavy, and required access to a darkroom for loading andprocessing the plates. This was all changed by a young American bank clerk turned photographicmanufacturer, George Eastman, from Rochester, New York.Eastman had begun to manufacture gelatine dry plates in 1880. being one of the first to do so inAmerica. He soon looked for ways of simplifying photography, believing that many people wereput off by the complication and messiness. His first step was to develop, wih the cameramanufacturer William H. Walker, a holder for a long roll of paper negative 'film'. This could befitted to a standard plate camera and up to forty-eight exposures made before reloading. Thecombined weight of the paper roll and the holder was far less than the same number of glassplates in their ling-tight wooden holders. Although roll-holders had been made as early as the1850s, none had been very successful be cause of the limitations of the photographic materialsthen available. Eastman's rollable paper film was sensitive and gave negatives of good quality;the Eastman-Walker roll-holder was a great success.The next step was to combine the roll-holder with a small hand camera; Eastman's first designwas patented with an employee, F. M. Cossitt, in 1886. It was not a success. Only fifty Eastmandetective cameras were made, and they were sold as a lot to a dealer in 1887; the cost was toohigh and the design too complicated. Eastman set about developing a new model, which waslaunched in June 1888. It was a small box, containing a roll of paperbased stripping filmsufficient for 100 circular exposures 6 cm in diameter. Its operation was simple: set the shutter bypulling a wire string; aim the camera using the V line impression in the camera top; press therelease botton to activate the exposure; and turn a special key to wind to the film.A hundredexposures had to be made, so it was important to record each picture in the memorandum bookprovided, since there was no exposure counter. Eastman gave his camera the invented name'Kodak'-which was easily pronounceable in most languages. and had two Ks which Eastman feltwas a firm, uncompromising kind of letter.The importance of Eastman's new roll-film camera was not that it was the first. There had beenseveral earlier cameras, notably the Stirn 'America', first demonstrated in the spring of 1887 andon sale from early 1888. This also used a roll of negative paper, and had such refinements as areflecting viewfinder and an ingenious exposure marker. The real significance of the first Kodakcamera was that it was backed up by a developing and printing service. Hitherto ,virtually allphotographers developed and printed their own pictures. This required that facilities of adarkroom and the time and inclination to handle the necessary chemicals, make the prints and soon. Eastman recognized that not everyone had the resources or the desire to do this. When acustomer had made a hundred exposures in the Kodak camera, he sent it to Eastman's factory inRochester (or later in Harrow in England) where the film was unloaded, processed and printed,the camera reloaded and returned to the owner. "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest" ranEastman's classic marketing slogan; photography had been brought to everyone. Everyone, that is,who could afford $ 25 or five guineas for the camera and $ 10 or two guineas for the developingand printing . A guinea ( $ 5 ) was a week's wages for many at the time, so this simple camera costthe equivalent of hundreds of dollars today.In 1889 an improved model with a new shutter design was introduced, and it was called the No. 2Kodak camera. The paper-based stripping film was complicated to manipulate, since theprocessed negative image had to be stripped from the paper base for printing. At the end of 1889Eastman launched a new roll film on a celluloid base. Clear, tough, transparent and flexible, thenew film not only made the rollfilm camera fully practical, but provided the raw material for theintroduction of cinematography a few years later. Other, larger models were introduced, includingseveral folding versions, one of which took pictures 21.6 cm x 16.5 cm in size. Othermanufacturers in America and Europe introduced cameras to take the Kodak roll-films, and otherfirms began to offer developing and printing services for the benefit of the new breed ofPhotographers.By September 1889 , over 5,000 Kodak cameras had been sold in the USA, and the company wasdaily printing 6-7,000 negatives, Holidays and special events created enormous surges in demandfor processing: 900 Kodak users returned their cameras for processing and reloading in the weekafter the New York centennial celebration.Questions 26-29Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 26-29 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does agree with the writerNOTGIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage26. Before the dry plate process short exposures could only b achieved with cameras held inthe hand.27. Stirn's America' camera lacked Kodak's developing service.28. The first Kodak film cost the equivalent of a week's wages to develop.29. Some of Eastman's 1891 range of cameras could be loaded in daylight. Questions 30-34Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.Questions 35-38Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-38 on your answer sheet.。

1. 全球气候变化的主要原因是什么？A. 自然气候循环B. 温室气体排放C. 太阳活动变化D. 地球轨道变化2. 科学家通过哪些方法来研究气候变化？A. 冰芯分析B. 树木年轮分析C. 历史记录分析D. 以上所有3. 温室效应是由什么引起的？A. 水蒸气B. 二氧化碳和甲烷C. 氧气D. 氮气4. 地球平均温度上升的现象被称为？A. 气候循环B. 气候变化C. 温室效应D. 全球变暖5. 以下哪种气体不是温室气体？A. 二氧化碳B. 甲烷C. 氧气D. 氮气6. 温室气体排放主要来自哪里？A. 火山爆发B. 人类活动C. 海洋蒸发D. 森林火灾7. 气候变化对地球生态系统的影响包括？A. 物种灭绝B. 海平面上升C. 极端天气事件增加D. 以上所有8. 科学家如何确定过去的气候条件？A. 通过现代气象记录B. 通过历史文献C. 通过地质记录D. 通过考古发现9. 温室效应会导致什么结果？A. 地球温度下降B. 地球温度上升C. 地球温度不变D. 地球温度波动10. 全球气候变化的影响是？A. 局部的B. 区域的C. 全球的D. 不确定的阅读材料二：随着科技的发展，人工智能（AI）已经开始在各个领域发挥重要作用。

从医疗诊断到自动驾驶汽车，AI的应用正在改变我们的生活方式。

然而，AI的发展也带来了一些伦理和安全问题，例如数据隐私和算法偏见。

问题11-20：11. 人工智能在哪些领域有应用？A. 医疗诊断B. 自动驾驶汽车C. 金融分析D. 以上所有12. AI的发展带来了哪些问题？A. 数据隐私B. 算法偏见C. 安全问题D. 以上所有13. 自动驾驶汽车是AI的一个应用实例吗？A. 是B. 否C. 不确定D. 部分是14. 数据隐私问题是如何与AI相关的？A. AI需要大量数据进行学习B. AI不需要数据C. AI不涉及隐私问题D. AI只处理公开数据15. 算法偏见是指什么？A. 算法总是公平的B. 算法有时会偏向某些群体C. 算法没有偏见D. 算法只处理数学问题16. AI在医疗领域的应用包括？A. 疾病诊断B. 药物研发C. 患者管理D. 以上所有17. 自动驾驶汽车的安全问题主要涉及？A. 软件故障B. 硬件故障C. 人为错误D. 以上所有18. 数据隐私问题的解决方法包括？A. 数据加密B. 数据匿名化C. 数据监管D. 以上所有19. 算法偏见的解决方法包括？A. 算法透明化B. 算法多样化C. 算法监管D. 以上所有20. AI的发展对社会的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的阅读材料三：renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are becoming i ncreasingly important as the world seeks to reduce its reliance on foss il fuels. These sources offer a cleaner and more sustainable alternativ e to traditional energy sources, but they also come with challenges, su ch as intermittency and storage issues.问题21-30：21. 可再生能源包括哪些类型？A. 太阳能B. 风能C. 水能D. 以上所有22. 世界减少对化石燃料依赖的原因是什么？A. 化石燃料价格上涨B. 环境污染问题C. 能源安全问题D. 以上所有23. 可再生能源相比传统能源的优势是什么？A. 更清洁B. 更可持续C. 更经济D. 以上所有24. 可再生能源面临的挑战包括？A. 间歇性问题B. 存储问题C. 成本问题D. 以上所有25. 太阳能是一种可再生能源吗？A. 是B. 否C. 不确定D. 部分是26. 风能是一种可再生能源吗？A. 是B. 否C. 不确定D. 部分是27. 可再生能源的间歇性问题是指？A. 能源供应不稳定B. 能源供应稳定C. 能源供应过剩D. 能源供应不足28. 可再生能源的存储问题是指？A. 能源无法存储B. 能源存储成本高C. 能源存储技术不成熟D. 以上所有29. 可再生能源的成本问题是指？A. 初始投资高B. 运营成本高C. 维护成本高D. 以上所有30. 可再生能源的发展对环境的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的阅读材料四：The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access informat ion, and conduct business. It has created new opportunities for innovat ion and growth, but it has also introduced new challenges, such as cybe rsecurity threats and digital divide.问题31-40：31. 互联网改变了哪些方面？A. 通信方式B. 信息获取方式C. 商业活动D. 以上所有32. 互联网带来的新机遇包括？A. 创新B. 经济增长C. 教育普及D. 以上所有33. 互联网引入的新挑战包括？A. 网络安全威胁B. 数字鸿沟C. 隐私问题D. 以上所有34. 网络安全威胁是指？A. 网络攻击B. 数据泄露C. 网络诈骗D. 以上所有35. 数字鸿沟是指？A. 技术差距B. 信息差距C. 经济差距D. 以上所有36. 互联网对教育的影响包括？A. 教育资源共享B. 在线学习C. 远程教育D. 以上所有37. 互联网对商业的影响包括？A. 电子商务B. 在线营销C. 远程办公D. 以上所有38. 互联网对通信的影响包括？A. 即时消息B. 社交媒体C. 视频通话D. 以上所有39. 互联网对信息获取的影响包括？A. 搜索引擎B. 在线数据库C. 数字图书馆D. 以上所有40. 互联网的发展对社会的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的阅读材料五：Globalization has connected the world in unprecedented ways, enabling t he flow of goods, services, capital, and people across borders. This has led to increased economic interdependence and cultural exchange, but it has also raised issues of inequality and environmental degradation.问题41-50：41. 全球化连接了世界的哪些方面？A. 商品流动B. 服务流动C. 资本流动D. 以上所有42. 全球化带来的经济影响包括？A. 经济相互依赖B. 经济增长C. 经济一体化D. 以上所有43. 全球化带来的文化影响包括？A. 文化交流B. 文化多样性C. 文化融合D. 以上所有44. 全球化引发的问题包括？A. 不平等B. 环境退化C. 社会冲突D. 以上所有45. 全球化对经济的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的46. 全球化对文化的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的47. 全球化对环境的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的48. 全球化对社会的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的49. 全球化对政治的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的50. 全球化对科技的影响是？A. 积极的B. 消极的C. 中立的D. 不确定的阅读材料六：Healthcare is a critical sector that affects the well-being of individu als and societies. Advances in medical technology and healthcare servic es have improved the quality of life for many, but they have also raise d issues of access and affordability.问题51-55：51. 医疗保健对个人和社会的影响是什么？A. 健康改善B. 生活质量提高C. 社会福祉D. 以上所有52. 医疗技术进步带来的好处包括？A. 疾病治疗B. 健康监测C. 预防措施D. 以上所有53. 医疗保健服务面临的问题包括？A. 可及性B. 可负担性C. 质量问题D. 以上所有54. 医疗保健服务的可及性问题是指？A. 服务分布不均B. 服务质量不一C. 服务成本高D. 以上所有55. 医疗保健服务的可负担性问题是指？A. 服务价格高B. 保险覆盖不全C. 自费负担重D. 以上所有答案：1. B2. D3. B4. D5. C6. B7. D8. C9. B10. C11. D12. D13. A14. A15. B16. D17. D18. D19. D20. D21. D22. D23. D24. D25. A26. A27. A28. D29. D30. A31. D32. D33. D34. D35. D36. D37. D38. D39. D40. D41. D42. D43. D44. D45. D46. D47. B48. D49. D50. D51. D52. D53. D54. D55. D。