书面表达
高三英语写作高分秘诀
1．句式要有变化：①复合句、并列句②倒装句
（1）虚拟语气中if省略（2）only+状语置于句首
（3）否定词置于句首（4）地点副词置于句首
③强调句型
It is ……that (who)…
④非谓语动词。
⑤虚拟语气
⑥固定句型结构
too…to…so…that…such a…that…not only…but also…neither…nor…such as…not …until…so that…either…or…
⑦直接引语与间接引语
多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构
2．要使用高等级词汇及短语
①使用高等级词汇②使用短语③使用谚语④使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth; the very; on earth等
⑤使用修辞手法:明喻，暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等
as busy as a bee; as proud as a peacock; as blind as a bat. as cool as a cucumber
3. 使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，一气呵成
1）用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：
above before me here on the left
beyond nearby opposite to over
also further next to on top of
up down close to beneath
under around near to along
2) 用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有
soon, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early,
this morning /year, now, after, at present, later, afterwards finally, at last, all of a sudden , at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening
3) 用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有
first, second, etc. now for this purpose
but as a result furthermore
finally at last moreover
also therefore likewise
another for example next
yet for instance on the contrary
once in addition in summary
such in this case on the other hand
then otherwise in conclusion
thus
4) 用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有
another moreover in addition (to)
equally important too, also at the same time
besides then in the same way
5) 用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有
on the contrary different from on the other hand in contrast to despite
in spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless not only…butalso here…there years)one ago…today the former…the latter then…now some…others one…the other once…now
on (the one hand…on the other hand(一方面…另一方面)
6)逻辑关系
递进: then(然后)，besides(还有)，furthermore(而且)，moreover(此外)
转折: however(然而)，but(但是)，on the country(相反)，after all(毕竟)
总结: finally(最后)，at last(最后)，in brief(总之)，
in conclusion(最后)。强调: indeed(确实)，certainly(一定)，surely(确定)，above all(尤其)。对比: in the same way(同样地)，just as(正如)，on the one hand…on the other hand
4．写作中使用率最高覆盖面最广的基本句式
以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
１、表示原因1）There are three reasons for this．2）The reasons for this are as follows．3）The reason for this is obvious．4）The reason for this is not far to seek．5）The reason for this is that．．．6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life．There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
２、表示好处1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good．3）It benefits us quite a lot．4）It is beneficial to us．5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3、表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．2）It does us much harm．3）It is harmful to us．
例如：However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．2）We think it necessary to do sth．3）It plays an important role in our life．
例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5、表示措施1）We should take some effective measures．2）We should try our best to overcome （conquer）the difficulties．3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6、表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7、表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．2）No one can deny the fact that．．．3）There is no denying the fact that．．．4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．5）However，that’s not the case．
例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8、表示比较1）Compared with A，B．．．2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．3）There is
a striking contrast between them．
例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
9、表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January．
例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
10、表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．2）People have different opinions on this problem．3）People take different views of（on）the question．4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如：People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。
11、表示结论1）In short，it can be said that ．．．2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved．注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
12、套语1）It’s well known to us that ．．．2）As is known to us，．．．3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an ‘ivory tower’. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
再如：Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．
5. 英文写作必背之35句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子（...的优点是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子（如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V~~~
The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V~~~（愈...愈...）例句：The harder you work,the more progress you make.你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read,the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By+Ving,~~can~~（借着...，..能够..）
例句：By taking exercise,we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~enable+Object（受词）+to+V（..使..能够..）
例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we+V~~~（我们绝对不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time+S+过去式（该是...的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps(measures/action)to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的步骤（措施/行动）来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who~~~（...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but~~~（没有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner,I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that+句子（可想而知的）
It is obvious that+句子（明显的）
It is apparent that+句子（显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why~~~（那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry.That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去...年来，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years,I have been busy preparing for the examination.过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school,he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to+V~~~（...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on（以...为基础）
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort/expense to+V（不遗余力的）
例句：We should spare no effort/expense to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to+人+事（让...明白...事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to~~（与...息息相关）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of+Ving=make it a rule to+V（养成...的习惯）
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to+N/Ving,~~~（因为...）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement,I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N S+V!（多么...！）
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired（令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on~~~（对...有很大的影响）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to（对...有益），do harm to（对...有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to~~（对...造成一大威胁）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one's utmost to+V=do one's best（尽全力去...）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
6. 漂亮的书写。书写向右倾斜5度角。字间距留有英文字母a 间隔。书写落在横线上。
目录 突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达 (1) 第一讲提升英语写作的“三板斧” (3) 第二讲熟练写作的10类体裁 (18) 《突破2020-2022高考英语专题：书面表达》 【高考命题规律】 1.语用目的——讲好中国故事，增强文化自信 高考书面表达的情境设置真实，任务要求符合考生能力水平，又自然融入了我国优秀传统文化的内容，能够引导考生在使用外语了解世界的同时，注重传承和发扬中华民族优秀文明成果，运用中国元素讲好中国故事，增强文化自信。 2.文体形式——以应用文为主，主要考查书信/电子邮件 从近几年高考全国卷来看，书面表达主要考查应用文，其中以电子邮件为主，邀请信、告知信、介绍类书信考查较多，只有2018年全国卷Ⅱ考查了书面通知。电子邮件是生活中最常用的应用文体，近几年来，当仁不让地成为了命题专家的最爱，而这也符合了高考“重考查深度更重考查广度”、“贴近生活”的趋势特点。 3.提示类型——以提纲作文为主，试题的开放性越来越强 近几年高考书面表达主要以提纲作文为主，但提示越来越简洁，试题的开放性逐渐增强。(半)开放性体现在试题既为考生提供了恰当的提示，又留有供其自由发挥的空间，既让低水平的考生有话可写，又让高水平考生有展现自己语言表达能力的机会，保证试卷的区分度。 【掌握备考策略】 ●普通作文VS高分作文——找出差距才能目标明确
●高考书面表达评分细则——各省可能根据情况稍有不同 1.本题满分为25分，按5个档次给分。如果是第四档(16-20分)，那么就给18分。好处是：阅卷教师们“没有风险”，怎么都说得过去。坏处是：低分下不去，高分上不来。 2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。 4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5.评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6.如书写较差以致影响交际，可将其分数降低一个档次。 ●书面表达评价表——自我评价与同伴互评 写作训练时，教师评价和修改虽重要，但自我评价和同伴互评效果更佳，可以借鉴下表进行自我评价和同伴互评。
第三节题组训练 6（半）开放式 作文 1 假如你是李华，你的美国网友David给你写信，询问近年来多次袭击中国华北的雾霾情况。请你给他写封回信，感谢他的关注，简述雾霾的危害并谈谈你的看法。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：雾霾smog Dear David， I’m glad to receive your letter. Yours， Li Hua 参考范文 Dear David， I’m glad to receive your letter.Thank you for your concern about the heavy smog in North China.Now I’d like to tell you something about it. Since the winter last year，the smog has occurred a lot of times，which has brought much inconvenience to our daily life and done great harm to people’s he alth.Many traffic accidents have happened just because of the heavy smog weather.In addition，
quite a lot of flights have to be put off and a great number of people have to stay at home to avoid the poisonous air.What’s worse，many people have suffered from bad coughs，sore throats and other serious diseases caused by the smog.Personally，I think not only the government but also everyone should try to make a difference.I strongly approve of the idea that we can try to drive less and buy environmentally-friendly products.Only when everyone has the awareness can we have cleaner air. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours， Li Hua 2 假定你是李华，你的班级决定组织同学们5月30日端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival) 一起骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟比赛。请你给外教史密斯先生写封邮件邀请他上午8：00 在学校门口集合，一同前往，感受中国传统文化。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Dear Mr Smith， How is everything going? Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30，when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide.We’ll gather at our school gate at 8：00 am.I’d lik e to invite you to go with us and experience this unique Chinese culture. The dragon boat race，originally held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan，has now become a common practice and developed into a sport.I’m sure it will be exciting and enjoyable.Your presence will certainly add to our pleasure.Do come and have fun. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua
高考英语书面表达想得高分，这篇秘籍不得不看！ 现在高考都是电脑阅卷，关于高考阅卷老师进行英语作文阅卷的速度，相信大家都很清楚了，可能只有十几秒。在这么短的时间内，如何能迅速吸引阅卷老师的眼球拿到高分？ 我们先来看看两篇高考书面表达学生的高分文章。 作文1 （2016年高考河北省满分作文） 这篇书面表达字迹工整、清晰，让阅卷老师眼前一亮。仔细阅读，不难发现这个学生用了很多高级词汇，还有很多地道的词块。 作文2 （2018年高考山东省24分作文）
这篇书面表达虽然因为一个小硬伤被扣了1分，但是令人惊叹的是满篇的词块，甚至还有些非常高级的词块小编都想不起来用。 那么我们来总结一下，除了书写、布局谋篇，其实在书面表达中，学生对词汇的运用能力，尤其是高级词汇和词块的运用，是影响阅卷老师在非常有限的时间内评分的很重要的一个因素。 那今天，我们就来讲讲词块。 到底什么是词块？词块，也叫作搭配，它是在词汇和句子之间存在着同时兼有词汇和句子特征的半固定结构。如下图所示： 英语里，有很多词块（搭配），对英语学习者来说，尤其是高中生，学习搭配非常重要。这是为什么呢？ 我们看看下面两幅图，比较一下哪种盖房子的方式效率更高呢？ 盖房子就像我们学英语。我们把词块作为整体输入大脑，这样不仅可以提高阅读理解的速度和精准度；再把词块作为整体输出，就可以提高口头表达和书面表达能力，促进语言输出的流利性、地道性和准确性。说的再直接一点，词块稍微加上一点语法，就能生成句子了。
既然词块这么重要，而考纲要求掌握的词汇还有许许多多的词块，那怎么能让教学更有效率，学生能记得更牢又会用呢？ 我们推荐老师根据词块的不同特点，用以下几种方式教学： 方法一：词源（文化背景） 2018年全国I卷完形填空中有这样一个词块ring true： Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he taught me: “The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions. On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist. 词块ring true高阶字典上给的解释是：听起来真实。这个词块，即使配上大量的例句，学生估计也不会很容易理解和掌握。 其实，老师给学生讲这个词块时，不妨试试给学生讲讲ring true背后的故事。 从前用金币、银币的时代，人们怕拿到的硬币纯度不参够，常会两枚互敲一下，听听声音是否清脆悠长。ring指的就是敲击的声音，ring true这个动词词组是指硬币敲击声听起来成色十足，引申为“（事情、说法等）真实可靠”。 看到这里，是不是立刻想起电视上看到的，在过去人们吹银元的情景？ 教这种“有（词源）故事”的词块，尝试讲个故事给学生，不仅能活跃课堂气氛，更重要的是学生会理解得更深刻且不容易忘记。
2021年天津高考英语作文要求同学们写一封关于成人礼的电子邮件，以下是小编给 大家整理的天津高考英语作文题目及范文，供参考。 天津高考英语作文题目 假如你是晨光中学高三学生李津，你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动。你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍有关情况，内容包括： （1）成人礼活动内容（成长点滴回顾，观看校友抗疫事迹录像等）； （2）对活动的感受； （3）对自己未来的展望。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 成人礼 the coming-of-age ceremony 信管肺炎 COVID-19 Dear Chris I’m very glad to hear from you. Yours Li Jin
天津高考英语作文范文 Dear Chris I’m very glad to hear from you.I am writing t o you to introduce the following adult ceremony activities organized by our school on June 8. The coming-of-age ceremony, usually at the age of 18 for boys and girls, symbolizes the march towards adulthood. In the bar mitzvah, usually in some parts of China, the bar mitzvah also popular Han clothing, worship Confucius and other customs. We knelt on our knees/kneel on the ground to express our gratitude to our parents for their upbringing. rite is designed to make us understand maturity and sense of responsibility. At the event scene, we watched the video of alumni anti-epidemic, deeply moved. As a new generation of teenagers, I must be motivated to study hard, grow up to become a useful person for the country to society. Yours Li Jin
2019-2020年高考英语书面表达万能模板15通知 Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. （称呼语及开场白）________________. （正文部分，说明具体通知事项） All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes./Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Make sure you’ll come on time and don’t be late.（说明通知对象和注意事项）___________________ Please come and join in it./ Everybody is welcome to attend it./I hope you’ll have a nice time here.（重申希望大家参加之情）_______________________________ That’s all. Thank you.（结束语） 口头通知 口头通知要注意以下几点： (1) 要有称呼用语。如：在正式场合用的Ladies and gentlemen,对学生用的Boys and girls 等。 (2) 要有开头语。常用的开头语有： May I have your attention, please? Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you. You need to know. I have something to tell you. (3) 时态问题。口头通知是要告诉大家即将进行的活动，因此要以一般将来时为主。 (4) 人称问题。口头通知常用第二人称表示被通知的对象。 (5) 要有结束语。常用的结束语有： That’s all. Thank you. Any questions? Does everyone understand? 书面通知 书面通知具有以下特点： 标志。 (1) 书面通知的正文上面的正中有NOTICE或ANNOUNCEMENT
【关键字】活动、作文、英语、要点、发现、研究、支撑、环境、标准、任务、关系、取决于、规范 任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(三) (限时40分钟) Ⅰ.任务型阅读 (2017·南京、盐城高三二模)“HELL is a city much like London，” said Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers (居民) have a 21% higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders than do their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of suffering from mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained unclear —until now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-res onance imaging (机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and countrymen when they are under stress. In Dr Meye r-Lindenberg's first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they were bound to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25－40% ). To make the experience still more embarrassing, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure. The city people's general mental health did not differ from that of the rural countrymen. However, their brains dealt with the stress caused by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas (杏仁核) and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层，简称pACC)．People living in the countryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. In the case of the pACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she was brought up. The more urban a person's childhood, the more active his pACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment. The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the h ere-and-now while the pACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdalas. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be connected with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. fMRI allows
滚动题组25 阅读理解+阅读表达+书面表达 (时间:60分钟总分:80分分数:) 滚动题组第36页 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·江苏卷) The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症).He was losing his memory. A software engineer by profession,Steve was a keen lover of the piano,and the only musician in his family.Music was his true passion,though he had never performed outside the family. Melissa,his daughter,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music,to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father. Naomi,Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist,got to know about this and showed willingness to help. “Why do this?”Steve wondered. “Because she cares,”Melissa said. Steve nodded,tears in eyes. Naomi drove to the Goodwin home.She told Steve she’d love to hear him play.Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench,hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys. Naomi put a small recorder near the piano.Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses,heart sinking.But Steve pressed on,playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. “It was beautiful,”Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was worth saving.” Her responsibility,her privilege,would be to rescue it.The music was still in Steve Goodwin.It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
2021高考英语书面表达强化提高教学案 书面表达五大基本原则 1. 主题句原则 书面表达一定有主题句，否则就会给人造成“群龙无首”的感觉！把主题句写在文章的开头（保险型），让别人一目了然。如：Now, I want to tell you something about mylife at Senior High school. In the past few years,great changes have taken place in the means of communication. In the past, we usedto write letters….. 总说“改变”——分说(先写“过去”，然后写“现在”进行对比) 2. 一二三原则 老师阅卷必然会通过关键性的“标志”，来看你的作文是否要点齐全，结构清楚，条理自然。要点齐全，一目了然，自然会增加“印象分”。方法很简单，选用以下其中一组，加在要点前。 （1） first, second, third, last （2） firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally （3） in the first place, in the second place, inthe third place,lastly （4） to begin with, then, furthermore, finally （5） to start with, next, in addition, finally （6） on one hand, on the other hand （7） for one thing, for another thing 3. 短语优先，多实少虚原则 1) 写作时，使用短语有两个好处。其一，为文章增加亮点——又可以为作文加分！其二，字数明显增加。 I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达为： I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达为： I am looking forward to it. 2) 写作文应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。比如我们说一个人好的时候，不应该只说good, nice这样空洞的词，应该使用形象一点，具体一点的词,诸如generous,humorous, interesting, smart,gentle, warm-hearted, etc. 常用过渡短语：1）作比较：onthe other hand,on the contrary, in/ by contrast,
如何突破写作，获得高分，成为广大师生关注的问题。下面就写作中如何运用高级表达提 出以下几点建议，供广大师生参考。 1.使用复合句 复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来，从而使表达显得高级。高考写作中用到的复合句 包括下列几种： (1) 定语从句 Mary is a girl in Class 1. She speaks English very fluently. → Mary is a girl in Class1 who speaks English very fluently. (2) 状语从句 The doctor arrived there in time. The boy was saved. It was not too late. → The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late. (3) 名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句) Xiao Ming was always late for school. His te acher didn’t know why. → His teacher didn’t know why Xiao Ming was always late for school. 如果考生驾驭句子的能力较强，则还可以恰当使用复杂的复合句（就是从句中还包含从句）。例如： I want to know whether you want to meet Miss Tang when she comes back from Japan where she works as an engineer. (本句包含3个从句) 2.使用某些惯用句型 写作中如果能恰当运用英语中某些常见的惯用句型，可以使文章显得富有“洋味”。例如： (1) The boy was so brave that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement (包围).(so…that… 句型) (2) So brave was the boy that he led the enemy into our ring of encirclement (包围). （倒装结构） (3) I did not realize the importance of learning English well until then.（not…until…） (4) Not until then did I realize the importance of learning English well.(not until的倒装句) (5) It was not until then that I realized the importance of learning English well.（强调句） 3.使用高级词汇 ⑴巧用习语(idiom) 英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力。考生要在平时的学习过 程中不断积累。例如： ① What she explained doesn’t hold water. 她的解释站不住脚。 ② Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。 ③ I don’t know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。 ④ He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他对我的话一点也听不进去。 ⑤ This sentence doesn’t make sense. 这个句子讲不通。 ⑵用短语代替单词 英语中同义词众多，在表达的时候，尽量用短语代替单个的词。例如： ① I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同义词：decide) ② I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同义词：don’t know) ③ A burning cigarette end resulted in/led to the big fire. (同义词：cause)
第三节题组训练 1 (2017·天津春) 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你的美国笔友Chris正在学习汉语，他得知“中国诗词大会”在CCTV播出，非常感兴趣，便写信给你，希望你介绍相关情况及更多了解中国文化的途径。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信。 (1)简单介绍“中国诗词大会”引起的反响； (2)介绍了解中国文化的途径(如阅读相关书籍、利用媒体资源等)； (3)表达对Chris学习中国文化的祝愿。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：中国诗词大会ChinesePoetryCompetition DearChris， Yours， LiJin 参考范文 DearChris， I’mgladtoreplytoyourletter.ChinesePoetryCompetition，whichaimstoencouragepeopletoknowmoreabouttraditionalChinesepoetryculture，hasbeensuccessfullyheldonCCTVandhasattractedalmostallthepeoplewhoareinterestedi nChinesepoetry. Inyourletter，youmentionedthatyouwereeagertoknowaboutChineseculture.Ithinkthebestwaytolearnab outitistoreadsomerelevantbooks.I’dliketorecommendabooktoyou.Thebook，entitled ReadPoetryandLearnHistory byWangChunshui，issuitablefortheforeignerstolearnclassicalChinesepoetry.Thepoemsofthebookcanref lecttheChinesehistoryandculture，
一、假定你是李华,你所在学校要举办英语戏剧节(The English Drama Festival)。你们想邀请外教Peter参加。请你写一封信给Peter,要点如下: 1.英语戏剧节的活动内容; 2.邀请Peter一起表演一个节目; 3.期望Peter对本次活动给出建议。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, The English Drama Festival of our school is to be held next week. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Dear Peter, The English Drama Festival of our school is to be held next week.Knowing that you are interested in English drama,I am writing to invite you to participate. A variety of activities will be included in the festival,such as singing,crosstalk and so on.You are expected to put on a performance with us.In my opinion,it will be a good combination of your culture and ours.Besides,since it is the first time that we have organized the English Drama Festival,we are at a loss about how to arrange it properly.Your advice will be of great value to us.Please inform us of your arrival in advance so that early arrangements can be made. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、假定你是武汉晨光中学的李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Mark最近给你发来邮件,说他准备参加武汉12月31日举办的冬季马拉松比赛(marathon race),希望你帮助他预订好旅馆,并带他游览市内著名景点(如黄鹤楼the Yellow Crane Tower,东湖East Lake)。请你给他写封回信,内容包括: 1.回复他的要求;
高三英语复习---书面表达高分技巧（20120307） By Zhang Shiqin Teaching aims: we are trying to teach sts how to write a good composition, or how to make a composition better so as to get a good mark in an examination especially in the National College Entrance Examination. Teaching Procedures: Step 1高考英语书面表达高分卷常识 一．高考英语书面表达题材特点、体裁特点及出题模式： 1. 题材特点：紧扣课标，教材和考试说明； 贴近现实生活和学生生活实际，易于表达； 突出考查学生实际运用语言的能力。 2.体裁特点：利用各种体裁，以应用文（致辞、发言稿、记叙文、议论文）为主。 3.出题模式：叙事+ 议论，写人+ 议论 二．近年高考英语写作高分卷的五大特点： 1.行文逻辑科学，条理性好； 2.巧用过渡词汇，逻辑性强； 3.巧用高级词汇和复杂句式，文章品味高； 4.妙用变通式表达，文章错落有致； 5.书写规范工整，整体效果好。 三．英语写作高分卷的七大原则、八项注意︰ 七大原则八项注意 主题句原则注意审题 一二三原则注意人称 分段原则注意时态 长短句结合原则注意巧用连接词 多实少虚原则禁用汉式英语 短语优先原则注意书写 词句多变原则注意用有把握的词句 注意检查 四．高分卷书面表达段落的核心要素︰ 1. General structure Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding sentence 2. Linking words 3. Advanced expressions Various structures Graceful words Step 2怎样写出高分作文 一．仔细审题Analyze the topic carefully
一书面表达（共35分） 某中学生英文报近期开辟专栏,讨论学习习惯问题。请你结合自身学习实际,按以下提示,用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件。 1.说明学习习惯与学习效果之间的关系; 2.介绍一种好的学习习惯并提出养成该习惯的建议; 3.描述自己在学习习惯方面存在的某个问题并给出改进措施。 注意: 1.词数120左右,开头语已为你写好; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 It's useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. 【范文赏读】 It's useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. In reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly. Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite. Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class. They think only in this way can they understand and memorize the teaching materials better. If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for long. However, those dull lessons require our determination, self-controlling ability and confidence. My classmates always call me "Mr. forgetful", because I cannot memorize those I have learnt. I know that it is because I don't spend some time in memorizing them after class. My teachers advise me to repeat the materials several times and read them aloud, which they think will help improve my memory. 二书面表达(满分25分) 孩子的成长和教育是社会热议的话题,现今父母包揽一切、孩子过度依赖等现象十分严重。请阅读下面的漫画,按要求用英文写一篇短文。 内容要求: 1.描述漫画内容; 2.分析漫画所揭示的问题; 3.提出你的看法。 注意: 1.短文开头已给出,不计入总词数; 2.考生可适当发挥,使文章内容充实、连贯; 3.词数120左右; 4.文中不能出现考生的具体信息。 参考词汇：铺路pave the way From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. 【范文赏读】 From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.
天津五年高考作文探究 引言 天津卷作文，从近几年的趋势不难看出，天津卷侧重书信、email、演讲稿等实用性强的作文题材，这类题材考察目的当然是考察学生的英语表达能力、创新能力，非常体现现在学习英语的终极目标，听说读写都要并重，学习了十几年的英语，写不出一篇像样的文章绝对不是我们想要的，所以针对天津市考试的规律与趋势，务必大家要掌握这些作文的考察方向，在平时注意积累相关知识及素材，写出符合英文表达要求的英语作文。 下面以天津市近几年的考试真题为例解析一下考试规律和应对策略 2017高考天津卷 书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。 （1）简要介绍自己的学习和生活； （2）告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备（如深入了解天津等）； （3）希望她有机会重访天津。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。 假设你是李津，与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况，请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。 （1）简要介绍自己的学习和生活； （2）告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者，并介绍为此所做的准备（如深入了解天津等）； （3）希望她有机会重访天津。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mrs. Green, I’m so glad to hear from you. I’m writing to tell yo u something about my life and study in recent days. I’m very busy with my lessons now, for the Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near. Every day, I have to spend most of my time studying. As a result, I don’t have enough time to take exercise, what’s worse, I don’t communicate a lot with my parents and my friends. By the way, I am now a volunteer for the 13th National Games, which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin. In order to be a qualified volunteer, I have to