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虚拟语气讲义2023届高考英语一轮语法复习虚拟语气一、英语中语气大体分为三种：陈述语气；疑问语气；虚拟语气。
虚拟语气：表达说话人的主观愿望，与事实相反或不可能发生的事情。
一、从句中的（should）+ do1、四类词+从句：表决定、命令、建议、要求的四类词引导的从句，从句谓语用（should）+ do。
不受词性、从句类型、语态的限制。
V. n. adj.决定：decide ( decision ) ( decided ) ;( decisive )determine ( determination )( determined )命令：order ( order ) ( ordered ) command ( command )( commanded )建议：advise ( advice )( advised );( advisable )suggest ( suggestion ) ( suggested )recommend ( recommend )( recommended )propose ( proposal ) ( proposed )urge ( urge )( urged )要求：demand ( demand ) ( demanded ) insist ( insistence ) ( insistent )require ( requirement ) ( required )request ( request ) ( request )desire ( desire ) ( desired );( desirable )ask 无( asked )例题：1、The doctor advised her that she __get______ (get) enough rest before going back to work.2、I don’t think it advisable that Tom __go______(go) there by foot since it is too far.3、My advice is that we __stay______ (stay) here.4、She required that you ___deal with____________ (deal with) the hot potato.5、Her requirement was that you ___deal with__________ (deal with) the hot potato.6、It was required that you ___deal with__________ (deal with) the hot potato.注意：2个特殊词 suggest;insistsuggestHis expression suggests that he __is____ (be) a shy fish, so his teacher suggests that his classmates often ____chat with___________ (chat with) him. i nsistHis parents insist that he ___be______ (be) far away from the two-timer and they insist that the girl ____is____ (be) dishonest.2、It’s + 特殊adj + that 从句 从句中用 (should) do 特殊adj: important;significant;vital;crucial;essential;necessary;natural;urgent;imperative…… It’s important that we __keep_______ (keep) our initial aspiration in our mind. 3、for fear that/in case/lest + 从句 从句中用 (should) do二、if 引导的非真实条件句If引导的条件句有两类主从句谓语的形式：练习：1、___C_______ hard, he would have passed the exam.A.If he were to workB. If he workC. If he had workedD. If he should work2.If the sun ___C____ tomorrow, what should we do?A.will not riseB. would not riseC. did not riseD. does not rise做题步骤：①找出主从句②根据给出的谓语判断是对什么时间的虚拟③确定所用谓语If there were no water, there __would be______ no life.重难点：1、虚拟倒装：规则：在if引导的非真实条件句中，若if从句的谓语部分出现了were/should/had （had为助动词），可以将它们提到主语之前，同时省略if, 句意不变。
2023年高中英语语法：英语的语气分类与虚拟语气精讲关于动词的语气动词的语气是动词的一种形式。
根据说话意图的不同，动词需要不同的形式，这就是所谓的语气（mood）。
关于语气的分类，不同的语法学有不同的看法，有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气四种，有的语法学家将语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三种（即将“疑问语气”并在“陈述语气”之中）。
■关于陈述语气陈述语气(indicative mood)用于陈述事实或提出看法。
英语中的句子绝大部分都是陈述语气。
我们在谈论时态和语态时，都主要是指陈述语气的动词变化。
如：He did very well in the examination. 他考得很好。
She heard the front door shut. 她听见大门给关上了。
I wonder if I might use your phone. 不知可否用一下你的电话。
He lived there happily for a year. 他在那儿愉快地居住了一年。
■关于疑问语气疑问语气(interrogative mood)用于提出问题。
英语中的疑问句均属于疑问语气。
如：Where do you come from? 你是哪里人?Why are you so nervous? 你为什么这样紧张？What did you do that for? 你做这个干什么?How many windows are broken? 打破了多少扇窗户?Why don’t you think more about other people? 你怎么就不多为别人着想呢?■关于祈使语气祈使语气(imperative mood)用于提出命令、要求、请求、邀请、劝告或建议等。
英语中的祈使句使用的就是祈使语气。
在祈使语气中，动词要用原形，其否定式是在动词原形前加do not或don’t。
如：Come and sit on the sofa. 来坐在沙发上。
虚拟语气Sophie 一、if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的虚拟语气时间if从句结构主句结构与过去事实相反的假设if sb had done sb would/could/should/might +have done If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the exam.与现在事实相反的假设if sb did/were sb would/could/should/might +动词原形If I were you, I would buy that house.与将来情况相反的假设if sb did/were to do/should do sb would/could/should/might +动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.当虚拟条件句中有should,had,were时，可以省略if，把should,had或were提至主语前变为部分倒装的表达行式。
例：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination.→Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination.→①错综虚拟语气当条件从句和主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，就形成了错综虚拟语气。
此时，从句和主句根据各自谓语动作发生的时间不同，采用相应的谓语动词形式。
If I shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.→①含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况不通过if条件从句表达出来，而是通过一些词或短语表达出来。
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了，那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实，所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实，也可能是假设条件。
因此，假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础，而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。
所以，对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句，而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.Example：( A ) for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.（If had it not been for）A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。
常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。
Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。
常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：●表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句●表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done●表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形✓I wish it were spring all year round.✓I wish it would be fine tomorrow.✓She wished she had stayed at home.②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。
此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.注意：当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。
常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。
其形式如下：●主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）●主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）●主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）✓He talks as if he knew all about it.✓She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.✓He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。
Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）I’d rather he didn’t go now.I’d rather you hadn’t done it.课后练习：1. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; toB. that; beC. which; should beD. to; being2. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sentB. should sendC. be sentD. must be sent3. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protectB. should protectC. shall protectD. are protecting4. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been5. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there beB. Should there beC. There will beD. There should be。
