托福阅读十大题型解题方法

托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧2023年，随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及，托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。

而在托福考试中，阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。

本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解，帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。

一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分，一般分为三大类：细节题、推理题和总结题，下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧：1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。

所谓细节，便是文章中一些具体的，表层的，量化的或可操作的信息。

细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型：A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分，找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。

解题技巧和句子理解题类似，要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系，深入理解文章的主旨和重点。

B. 词汇细节题一般而言，该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中，要求考生根据所在的段落，结合上下文的意思和语境，准确理解生词的含义。

有时候，在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配，考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫，正确把握词义。

C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索，回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。

在答题过程中，重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。

2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系，推断出答案。

与细节题相比，推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。

具体而言，托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型：A. 推断态度题在此类题目中，通常会给出某人的语境或情况，要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景，推断出这个人的态度。

此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色，关注思想，性格，语气等方面的具体表现，以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。

B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子，要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。

托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解, 高分难点题型如何保证正确率,今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读总结题解题技巧思路讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面本店铺就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读蒙题技巧大全每当托福考试来临时，总有一些同学还没预备好，或者有同学对某一篇阅读的某一题难以下手，这时候猜题大法就派上用场了。

虽然说是猜，但也不是点兵点将那种纯靠运气的（方法），而是带有一丝技术含量的蒙题法。

奇怪吗，那就让我为你介绍一下吧。

托福阅读蒙题技巧1、用前、后缀猜想词义英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。

1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last。

overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有超过、过于之意，overwork意思是工作过多，劳累过度。

再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。

英语中常用的前缀还有：mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当mid-中心：midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反对：antibody 抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：1)You must stop dreaming and face reality。

(-ty为名词的标志)2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)2、利用合成词猜想词义Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun。

依据（短语）构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。

托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题托福阅读大家都想能更好地把题目做对，不过托福阅读题型还是很多的，不同的托福阅读题也有着不同的解决办法，具体该如何做呢?下面介绍的就是一种很常见的题目：推理题，希望能给大家一些好的建议。

托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences, Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.还有很重要的一点，做题的时候，无论考试还是练习，不光要分析对的选项为什么对，更要分析错的选项为什么错。

有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。

有助于你把握出题的思路，培养感觉。

这是非常有用的。

五、推断题应该说推断题属于难度比较大，混淆选项比较难排除的一种。

但如果掌握一定的技巧也不是无章可循。

OG的说明是：如果文章提到结果，很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较，很可能问你比较的基础;正确答案不是文章明显提到的，而是明显可以推出来的。

最重要的一句话就是：You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to explicitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected。

托福阅读考试信息题考点解析托福阅读考试信息题考点解析一、提问方式1. According to Paragraph…, which of the following is true about X?2. According to Paragraph…, how / what/ why…?3. Paragraph… / The passage supports which of the following statements aboutX?带有提问方式的题型可以总结为以下几个特点：a. 该题型属于细节类题型，并且在大部分情况下题干中会出现一个明确的细节定位词───X。

b. 该题型是对细节信息的正面提问(由题干中true / support可知)，这一点与否定事实信息题相反。

c. 该题型疑问部分一般由特殊疑问词：which / how / what / why… 引导，可以得出该题型可以就某细节信息的具体“特性、原因、方式等”进行发问。

二、解题步骤第一步：读题干，划出定位词。

定位词特点：a. 在提问方式1和3当中就是X所代表的部分。

b. 在提问方式2中比较复杂，一般是寻找该句中的名词部分，多数充当句中的主语或宾语。

c. 定位词有可能是原文原词或者近义词。

例题：1. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statementsabout aquifers in deserts is true? (TPO 12Water in the Desert)本题干的定位词即aquifers, 符合提问方式1。

2. According to paragraph 7, why would a social group use shunning?(TPO 13 Types of Social Groups)本题干的定位词即shunning, 符合提问方式2。

托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点（实用版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的实用范文，如学习资料、英语资料、学生作文、教学资源、求职资料、创业资料、工作范文、条据文书、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of practical sample essays, such as learning materials, English materials, student essays, teaching resources, job search materials, entrepreneurial materials, work examples, documents, contracts, agreements, other essays, etc. Please pay attention to the different formats and writing methods of the model essay!托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点, 学会做笔记提升答题效率,今天本店铺给大家带来了托福阅读记录要点技巧方法指点，希望能够帮助到大家，下面本店铺就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法在托福阅读考试中，有好的训练方法和一定量的解题技巧，可以为你的托福阅读得到高分。

那具体这些解题技巧和方法我们应该如何应用到平时的练习中去呢?下面小编就为大家整理了这些，希望可以帮助到大家，快来一起学习吧。

详解托福阅读的解题技巧和训练方法1.每一篇文章第一次做时，尽量按照考试速度要求做。

2.做完后，接下来就要认真把文章读一遍，划出把文章里不懂的单词和长难句，查出单词意思，(借助语法知识)认真分析长难句，同时还要把错题(包括碰巧猜对的题目)认真分析，特别是OG和汉客笔记的题目(还有北极星最后几套ETS出的题目)，一定要把题目涉及的文章内容仔细看，甚至在文章中划出涉及考题的内容，培养对易出题的考点的感觉，甚至揣摩ETS的出题思路。

等到这些工作都做完，这篇文章也就基本吃透了，这时再重新把文章读一遍，最好多读两遍。

这个过程其实就是精读了。

只要时间允许，做过一次的阅读文章最好都尽量精读，吃透它。

光作对题只是一个浅显的要求，就像只顾吃饭，对材料认真分析、精读才是真正消化吸收。

3.等过了三五天，或者两三周以后，有空的话再把这篇文章看(做)一遍，作为巩固，复习，而且有时还会温故知新。

P.S 如果时间不足，OG的文章是一定要精读的，而且题目也要仔细研究，这是出题思路和考试最为接近的资料。

这些原则在新托福阅读其实也是同样适用的，只要文章中出现如下内容，都要引起注意：举例证明，罗列式例举，转折(否定)，因果，下定义，比较级(最高级)，同位语(插入语)，数字年代，特殊标点(引号，破折号等)。

阅读具体的做题顺序阅读最基本的做题顺序有两种：先读(全篇)文章再做题;先读题目再读文章(相应部分)然后做题它们又能衍生变化出两种做题顺序：读一段文章，做相应的题目，然后再读一段，再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题对于广大非牛来说，可能“读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题”会比较合适，读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构，做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”，但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收，从而不利于做总结题，也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。

Reading 1 Historical Trends in European Urban Design托福文章阅读与解题实战展示学好托福阅读，需要掌握如下知识：话题（生物类人文历史类等）文章中心思想---标题段落中心思想---逐段判断阅读方法（精读略读跳读变速阅读）文章结构（总分结构对比展开现象说明）修辞（修辞方法修辞类题目---修辞目的题）语法词汇题型解答：十种题型（Table 不常考到）文化背景逻辑（逻辑七要素段间逻辑（1.承上启下；2.转折关系；3.并列（没有明显的承上启下的句子，和转折关系的，都属于并列逻辑）段内逻辑（分析分类举例说明对比比较因果关系递进展开）句内逻辑（并列转折因果比较条件）逻辑类题目解题方法）文章阅读---话题分类Reading 1Historical Trends in European Urban Design 本文属人文历史类话题。

文章话题是：欧洲城镇设计的历史趋势Paragraph1①European city planning and design have a long history.（本段中心句：欧洲城市规划和设计有很长的历史了）②Most Greek and Roman settlements were deliberately laid out on the grid system, within which the siting of key buildings was carefully thought out.(举例说明，Greek and Roman的建筑风格)③The roots of modern Western urban planning and design can be traced to the Renaissance and Baroque periods(between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries)in Europe, when artists and intellectuals dreamed of ideal cities,and rich and powerful regimes used urban design to produce extravagant symbolizations of wealth,power,and destiny.（是第一句的递进展开，现代西方城市规划和建筑风格的起源，长句，语法要点）④Inspired by the classical art forms of ancient Greece and Rome,Renaissance urban design sought to recast cities in a deliberate attempt to show off the power and the glory of the state and church.（阐述了Renaissance urban design的特点，前句的递进展开）第一段中心思想：欧洲城市规划和设计风格的历史来源Paragraph2①Spreading slowly from its origins in Italy at the beginning of the fifteenth century,Renaissance design successfully diffused to most of the larger cities of Europe.（承上启下，Renaissance design 在欧洲成功传播）②Dramatic advances in weaponry brought a surge of planned redevelopment that featured impressive geometric-shaped fortifications and an extensive sloping,clear zone of fire.（递进展开，weaponry带来planned redevelopment）③Inside new walls,cities were recast according to a new aesthetic of grand design fancy palaces,geometrical plans,streetscapes,and gardens that emphasized views of dramatic perspectives.（具体阐述planned redevelopment，是第2句的递进展开）④These developments were often so extensive and so interconnected with each other that they effectively fixed the layout of cities well into the eighteenth,and even into the nineteenth century,when walls and/or open spaces eventually made way for urban redevelopment in the form of parks,railway lines,or beltways.（具体阐述planned redevelopment的另一方面，是第2句的递进展开;长句，语法分析）第二段中心思想：由于weaponry，Renaissance design发生的一些变化）Paragraph3①As societies and economies became more complex with the transition to industrial capitalism, national rulers and city leaders looked to urban design to impose order,safety,and efficiency,as well as to symbolize the new seats of power and authority.（本段中心句：由于社会和经济越来越复杂，引起urban design发生的一系列改变）②The most important early precedent was set in Paris by Napoleon III,who presided over a comprehensive program of urban redevelopment and monumental urban design.（举例说明，具体阐述urban design改变的细节）③The work was carried out by Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann between1853and1870.（举例说明，具体阐述urban design改变的细节）④Haussmann demolished large sections of old Paris to make way for broad, new,tree-lined avenues,with numerous public open spaces and monuments.（是前句的递进展开，Haussmann完善了urban design in Paris）⑤In doing so,he made the city not only more efficient(wide boulevards meant better flows of traffic)and a better place to live(parks and gardens allowed more fresh air and sunlight in a crowded city and were held to be a civilizing influence)but also safer from revolutionary politics (wide boulevards were hard to barricade;monuments and statues helped to instill a sense of pride and identity).（是前句的递进展开，具体讲到在哪些方面做的改进：more efficient；a better place to live；safer；长句，语法分析）第三段中心思想：由于社会和经济越来越复杂，引起urban design in Paris发生的一系列改变。

【导语】整理了⾼错误率考题主要围绕⼏种出现频率较⾼的题型：Factual Information questions细节题，Negative Factual Information questions排除题，Rhetorical Purpose questions修辞⽬的题，Sentence Simplification questions简化句⼦题，Prose Summary⽂章内容⼩结题。

⼀起来看看！1、Factual Information questions细节题细节题也称为事实信息题，考察⽅向主要围绕对⽂章细节的定位和理解展开。

常见问题形式为：According to paragraph X, which/what/why...or in paragraph X, the author suggests/indicates...做题⽅法：根据题⼲定位词找到段落细节位置，然后对细节句⼦进⾏分析理解其中⼼内容，并从4个选项中选择意思⼀样的选项。

做题难点：考⽣易错点在于有些错误选项⾮常相近于正确选项，但是增加了⼀些⽆关信息或者跟⽂章提供信息相反，有些错误选项甚⾄跟定位到的⽂章句⼦细节附近的句⼦内容⼀样，但是跟题⽬所问的内容⽆关，即所谓的答⾮所问选项，特别需要注意⼀下题⼲，因为⼀些题⽬会在题⼲上做⼿脚。

如果考⽣没有很准确的分析清楚⽂章哪句是正确答案，以及哪个选项的意思是跟所定位的句⼦完美匹配的话，考⽣很容易错选。

In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. (TPO1 THE ORIGINS OF THEATER) According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theaterA. Are mainly hypotheticalB. Are well supported by factual evidenceC. Have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologistsD. Were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development[以origins of theater为关键词定位⾄本段第⼀句，one must rely primarily on speculation, 主要靠推测，也就是A, 主要是推论的。

托福阅读十大题型简介阅读是托福考试中非常重要的一部分，能否做好阅读对于托福成绩有重要影响。

店铺为您带来托福阅读十大题型简介，希望对备考托福的同学有所帮助。

托福阅读十大题型简介一、图表题总结全文原则1、根据引导词先大定位2、匹配与引导词语义相关的选项，排除与引导词无关/错误的选项二、事实信息题同义改写原则1、读题干，找到其中的关键词2、根据关键词，定位到原文中的有效信息3、正确答案是原文有效信息的同意改写4、选项定位法，逐个击破三、否定事实信息题排除原则1、选项定位法2、核对题干信息四、修辞目的题细节原则1、看选项中的动词从文中找逻辑排除(demonstrate/contrast/refute…)2、重点看本句(细节题)前一两句(观点)，关注段首句(段落观点)3、选择同义改写五、推断题排除原则1、根据原文有效信息选项定位法，逐个击破2、不可过分推，宁可推少，不可推多;宁可保守，都不过分推理3、思路上可以有取反或取非六、句子简化题逻辑对应原则1、正确选项必须包含原句主要信息(主干)，修饰信息可删除，可同义改写，可概括总结;2、最好用的逻辑关系词对照：因果(原因对原因，结果对结果);转折让步比较(虽然对虽然，但是对但是)3、and前后信息有前必有后，不能缺失前后信息七、句子插入题承上启下原则先看插入句找线索，三大线索分别是代词，逻辑连接词和结构八、指代题联系上下文原则指代对象一般为前一句的主语或宾语(主优先于宾九、词汇题熟词直选原则认识单词直接选;不认识根据上下文的逻辑猜测十、六选三题总结观点原则1、全文主题2、一个或多个段落的主旨大意了解了托福阅读题型，解题方法需要考生灵活掌握，才能在托福考试中处变不惊。

托福阅读真题练习：美国历史托福阅读文本：During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seatsof power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffé College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significantcontributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in earlyAmerican histories(B) The place ofAmerican women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown byAmerican women(D) The "great women" approach to history used by American historians2. The word "contemporary" in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtful(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a woman's status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women4. The word "celebratory" in line 12 means that the writingsreferred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word "they" in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author pointout?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.(D) They were printed on poor-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likelyhave been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adams(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem(D) Books about famous graduates of the country's first college8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century women'shistory materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles ofnineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians10. The word "representative" in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive托福阅读答案：BBBDB CCCDA托福阅读真题练习：人工孵化项目托福阅读文本：Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways toincrease egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growingembryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.托福阅读题目：1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C)Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4.According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5.According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nestallows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6.All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10.According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A)Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)托福阅读答案：DAACADCBCD CA。

托福阅读文章类型解析为了更好的提升托福阅读水平，相信同学们在私底下也没少下功夫。

今天店铺为大家带来的是关于托福阅读文章类型的解析，从文章类型入手，来看看有哪些解题的技巧。

托福阅读文章类型解析按照托福阅读文章的出处与选材范围，大家是能够把这些文章归为三类：说明文、议论文、史实文。

三者合一统称为：学术性文章。

这种类型的文章，一定要有着说理性特质，相当于行文逻辑大部分都遵循的是相对固定的结构模式。

(1)Topic 话题：相当于文章的主角是什么。

就好像讲解某个科学理论、研究其中的社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;在大家所做的托福阅读学术性文章中，通常要求具备三个组成部分：在托福文章中，这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。

考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解。

(2)Aspects 方面：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。

如果话题是其中一个科学论点，那么方面也许可划分成若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象，则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;如果话题则是某个历史事件，那么方面为几段发展时期;在托福文章中，通常都是根据各个方面之间的层次关系，把各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落，共同组成行文主体。

(3)Attitude态度：相当于文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。

或是积极肯定，或是消极否定，或是保持中立。

Topic话题+ Aspects方面 + Attitude态度，前面 3要素加在一起即为标准学术论文体的"T+A+A篇章结构"。

托福文章大部分都是遵循这种结构，考生们能够通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落主旨，便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。

在大致上阅读文章又分为以下顺序结构：好坏顺序。

在大家介绍新产品时，一般是去首先说它的几个优点，后面再去说它缺点。

在介绍某一种现象时，同样是会首先说它带来的好处，再说它的坏处。

时间顺序。

在大家叙说一个事物史的发展时，通常都是采取时间渐进的方式进行叙述。

试题结构阅读部分篇数时间文章长度问题数量Passage120分钟Approximately700 words12-14 个Passage2 & Passage340分钟Approximately700 words perset每篇12-14个Passage 4& Passage 5（遇加试时才有）40分钟Approximately700 words perset每篇12-14个TOEFL 阅读首堂课介绍• 1. what is TOEFL? why do you guys study TOEFL？• 2. what is TPO?• 3. what is pbt-cbt-ibt?• 4. what is OG?• 5. 托福阅读十大题型介绍+ 例题？• 6. 高分标准？•7. 教案思路？（词汇+ 语法+ 长难句+ 简单阅读）•8. 介绍上这门基础课的目的何在？？学生学完这门课有什么收获？？•9. “授渔”而非“授鱼”？一.事实信息题（Factual Information Questions ）•①.问题形式：•According to the paragraph,which of following is true of X?•The author's discription of X mentions which of following?•According to the paragraph,X did Y because...•According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?•②.例题：•1790 saw the nation entering a new era of road development.Unable to finance road construction,states turnd for help to privatecompanies,organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in better communications with the interior.•According to the passage, why did states need private companies' help in road building?• a. the states were unable to build roads themselves financially.• b. private companies could spend less time completing roads.• c. the states did not have as much equipment as private companies.• d. private companies had more knowledge of the interior.二.指代题（Reference Questions）• .问题形式：The word (or phrase) X in the passage refers to ?（常考的代词有they,this, it, others, which等）。

托福十大题型1. 事实信息题(Factual information)事实信息题是托福阅读中数量最多的题型，在每篇阅读文章中都会有3-6题为事实信息题。

这个题型如同其字面含义，就是考察大家对阅读文章中包含的各类信息的掌握程度。

这类题目的提问方式主要有两种，分别是：According to the paragraph，...?The author's description of X mentions which of the following?2. 否认事实信息题(Negative Factual Infomation)这个题型和上面的事实信息题正好相反，如果说事实信息题问的是文章里讲了什么，那么否认事实信息题问的就是文章里没讲没有提及什么。

这类题型的考察目的和事实信息题相同，也是考察考生对文章包含信息的了解。

每篇文章中这样的题目数量最多2题，也有可能1道都没有。

这个题型的提问方式是：According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT...3. 暗示推理题(Inference)这个题型同样问的是事实，但并不是文章直接提到的事实，而是需要考生结合文章给出信息进行一定推理后得出的结论，对考生的逻辑推理分析能力有一定要求。

这个题型每篇阅读中都会有1到3题，常见提问方式是：Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X...Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?4. 修辞目的题(Rhetorical Purpose)这个题型的题数为1-2题，光看名字似乎有点不太好理解，其实通俗来说就是问目的或者说原因，比如作者会什么要提某人某事，或者作者提及某人某事是为了什么等等。