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Unit1 单元语法详解虚拟语气的用法（一）条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式虚拟条件句往往指不能实现的或纯属假想的情况，可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想，分别用不同的动词形式表示，主句谓语动词也相应地采用不同的形式。
(1)If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
(2)If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(3)If he were free, he would help us.要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。
(4)If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这部电影了，我会告诉你的。
2. 须注意的几个问题（1）当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，就是所谓的“错综虚拟语气”。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在他们就能容易地完成这件事了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会像这样做得好多了。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
If he knew her，he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她。
（2）当虚拟条件句中有were，should，had时，if可省略，而将were，should，had提到主语前面。
[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?②If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?③If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.④Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.(1)①句wish后的从句是对将来情况的虚拟，谓语动词用would_/could＋动词原形。
(2)②句是对现在情况的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，主句用would/should/could/might_do结构。
(3)③句是对过去情况的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might_have_done 结构。
(4)④句是含蓄条件句的虚拟语气，虚拟条件隐含在上下文中或通过without, or, but, otherwise 等表示。
[语法剖析]虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。
语法点一虚拟语气在条件句中的应用相反的情况。
构成方式如下：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had＋过去分词)would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反①一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)②should＋动词原形③were to＋动词原形would/should/might/could＋动词原形If I were you, I would/should/might/could tell him the good news.要是我是你，我就会告诉他这个好消息。
had+done would/could/should/might had + done+ have donedid; should + do; ere to do would/could/should/ mightdwere to do+ doYou could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed the lessons last night.Maybe if I ____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011,北京卷30)A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying_____ I you, I would go with him to the party.But for their help, we ____ the program in time. (2009,安安徽卷，I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.They would have resisted but that they lacked courage. （= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lackedA A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about 3days.possession possess [pə'zes]vt. 拥有；具有；支配有有支Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, sothey could decorate the superb palaces and great houses.they could decorate the superb palaces and great houses(选修6, P 2-18）1.2.The , painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. (选修6, P3-53)1k ff t t ith t di1.make an effort, try, esp. without succeedingHe attempted to leave but stopped. 【L.C】attempt to do; attempt doing总结一、虚拟条件句的用法回顾二、虚拟条件句的用法补充（三种变体）1、错综复杂句2、省略if 的条件句条件3、含蓄条件句三、重点词汇。
选修六unit1 语法虚拟语气
一、概念语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。
英语中有三种语气：陈述语气（The Indicative Mood）、祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）、和虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）。
陈述语气是用来陈述一个事实或提出一种看法；祈使语气则表示请求、命令、警告或劝告等，而虚拟语气则表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
I saw Wang Ping yesterday. 语气
Do come to the meeting next Monday. 语气
If I were you, I would not do it like that. 语气
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
在含有虚拟语气条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列
特别提示：
◆主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句
中的should可用于各种人称。
1）与现在事实相反
If I ______(be) you, I ________________(tell)him the truth.
If she ______（have）enough money, she __________(buy) a computer.
2) 与将来事实相反
If it ____________, the crops would be saved.要是能下雨的话，庄稼就能得救了。
3）与过去事实相反
If you _____________(take) my advice, you _______________(not fail) in the exam.
如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。
（事实上你根本没听我的）
◆在虚拟条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
If I were you, I would do it another way.
=_____________, I would do it another way.
If I should have time, I would help Tom with his maths.
=___________________, I would help Tom with his maths.
If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
=___________________________, I wouldn’t have finished the work on time
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
I wish it _______(be) spring in my hometown all the year round.
I wish I __________(meet) him yesterday.
特别提示：wish本身可以是过去式，表示过去的一种愿望，that从句的时态不受影响。
He wished that he ___________(not tell) Lucy the bad news yesterday.
2) 在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should+动词原形”should可省略。
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，propose，advise
四要求：request，require，demand，ask
1 She asked that she _____ of developments.
A should keep inform
B be kept informed
C should be keep to inform
D keep inform
2 The doctor advised that he ________(change) his job.
特别提示
suggest 表“暗示、表明”，insist表“坚持认为,坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。
1 The smile on his face suggested that he _______(be) satisfied with our work.
2 The man insisted that he ______________(never steal) the money.
3）在would rather 后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。
did/ be---were 对现在或将来的虚拟
would rather sb
had done 对过去的虚拟
I’d rather you _________(go) tomorrow.
I’d rather she _______________(do) that. 我宁愿她没那样做。
当堂检测
1 If I had worn my overcoat, I ______ cold.
A won’t have caught
B couldn’t have caught
C won’t catch
D wouldn’t catch
2 ---Shall we go to the movie tonight?
---No, I’d rather ____ at home with our baby.
A you stayed
B you stay
C stayed
D to stay
3 ---Mike, it’s a pity you didn’t come to the opening ceremony of the 11th National Games. It was really great!
---Really? If I ______ so busy, I would have gone.
A hadn’t been
B weren’t
C shouldn’t be
D wouldn’t be
4 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a visit.
A come
B would come
C came
D have come
5 Should the weather be good tomorrow, we ______ climbing.
A had gone
B could have gone
C would go
D went
6 ---Why didn’t you buy the flat?
---I ______, but I didn’t have the money.
A would have
B bought
C would like to
D had bought
7 I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A has come
B did come
C came
D had come
8 I wish I ______ English hard when I was young, but it is too late now.
A had studied
B have studied
C studied
D study
9 Seeing we were very tired, Jack suggested that we _____ a ten-minute coffee break.
A could take
B may take
C must take
D take
10 The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free immediately.
A did, set
B had done, should be set
C do, be set
D had done, must be set
11 ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube.
A Were
B Should
C Would
D Will。
