全新版大学英语综合教程3翻译题
Unit1
1）我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。（minor）
We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.
2)父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我（my upbringing）的责任。
My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over(responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.
3）这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。
The toys have to meet strict/tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.
4）作为新闻和舆论的载体（carrier），广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.
5）至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。（digest, when it comes to…）
When it comes to this magazine, it is/carries a digest of articles from many newspaper and magazines around the world.
unit1
1. 什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的生活？其实，不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上，大多数人可能都跟你一样这么想的。
2. 例如，《交给比弗吧》一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链，穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装，系着领带。
3. 要是电视网或有线电视没有中意的节目，录像制品商店可以提供好莱坞制作的品质迥异的节目：新近发行的电影、动画片、“成人”电影、体育锻炼节目、旅游、体育及入门指南录像带。
4. 如今，妈妈在看她的有线电视销售服务节目的时候，爸爸可能想租一部动作片。而在姐姐想看《辛普森一家》时，弟弟妹妹却在玩《让我们炸毁土星》的电子游戏。
Unit2
1)虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑
战，克服危机。（confident）
Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.
2）在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。（threat，compel，settlement）
Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement,
3）根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。（motivate）
According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.
4）看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物（contaminated waste）倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。（spot，alongside）
Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.
5）一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物（genetically modified crops）的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。
（conviction，come to…）
Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.
unit2
1. 这一和平的不服从行为在蒙哥马利引发了抗议，最终使少数民族权利在法律上发生了变化，开创了美国民权运动的新时代。
2. 后来她解释说，这儿似乎是她结束受人摆布，弄清如果有的话她究竟有何人权的地方。
3. 但是，蒙哥马利的黑人团体认为应该团结在她周围组织抗议活动，她是适合担此重任的公民，因为她是该市最优秀的公民之一。
Unit3
1)无论是在城市还是在农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。（urban，rural）The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural areas.
2）和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到全球经济危机的威胁。（medium，vulnerable）
Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.
3）关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然后对国家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。（analyze，chart，reflection）
With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development.
4）他从来也没有想到他们队会以大比分赢得那场篮球赛。（by a large margin, it occurs to…）
It never occurred to him that team would win the basketball match by a large margin.
5)回顾二十年的中学教学，我把我的成功归结为耐心，才能和对知识的不断追求。Looking back on my twenty years’teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.
unit3
1.时至今日，我成了一个典型的被枪支制造商看重并视为其潜在买主的那种女人——成了成千上万个采取这种行动的人中的一员。
2.据称他的犯罪行为非常野蛮，他加害于人的欲望非常强烈，这使我开始对自己在任何情况下决不杀人的信念产生了怀疑。
3.我意识到，自己曾积极提倡的一厢情愿的和平主义会为害自身，更糟的是，会为害我的儿子。于是我极不情愿地决定：为了我们的生存，我必须确保有一个最佳选择方案。
4.我手指扣住扳机，最后用力一扣，准备在亲手结束侵入者性命的同时庆幸自己没有成为牺牲品。
Unit4
1)红十字会派遣的志愿人员非常小心地对村里的饮用水进行消毒（disinfect），
以避免爆发瘟疫。（outbreak，caution）
The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.
2）爱因斯坦用了多年时间试图把电磁学理论和引力理论结合起来，但没有成功。（unify）
Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.
3）因其在激发学生创造性想像力方面的出色表现，王教授获得了校长奖。（stimulate，imagination）
Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Awards for his excellence in stimulating students’ creative imagination.
4）因存在一些设计上的（design）重大缺陷，董事会没有同意那个经济刺激计划（stimulus package）。（approve of，flaw）
As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn’t approve of the economic stimulus package.
5)乔丹（Jordan）意识到没人能给他帮助，终于得出结论他必须面对现实，独自接受挑战。（come to a conclusion, reality）
Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself. unit4
1. 爱因斯坦头戴宽边黑帽，里面的头发露了出来。他秘密登上拖船，和随行人员一起摆渡到下曼哈顿，一辆汽车将从那里飞快将他送到普林斯顿。
2. 但是，小时候的爱因斯坦并不是那个聪颖的爱因斯坦。
3. 我们永远像好奇的孩子般驻足于这个我们生于其间的巨大神秘之前。
4.到1921年春天，他在全世界迅速传扬的名望促成了他为期两个月的隆重的美国之行。他受到了非常热烈的欢迎，无论走到哪里，总会引发大众的狂热。
Unit5
1)奶奶想当然地认为粮价要涨，所以买了许多大米。（take sth. for granted）Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.
2)我可以给你引用几个例子来说明她献身科学的精神。（quote，instance）
I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.
3)20世纪80年代中国一些经济特区（zone）开始迅速发展起来。（see，swift）The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.
4)两国关系的紧张部分是由最近的间谍事件（spy affair）引起的。
Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.
5)彼得已在一家律师事务所（law firm）当了多年律师。你可考虑请他做你的
律师，当你需要法律援助时，由他代你行事。（on sb.’s behalf）
Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him an your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.
unit5
1.后续的研究发现，那些每天都能找到感激之事的人较少追求物质享受——他们不大会把生活的满意度与物质财富联系起来。
2.每天只需花几分钟工夫，感恩就会产生力量。但是它需要始终不渝、心胸开阔以及奉献精神。
3.感恩日记使你以积极而又具体的方式看待生活，提醒你关注在这个快节奏的、冷漠的世界里生活的相互联系，以及他人在多大程度上提升了你的生活质量。
4. 在一个人际联系显得越来越少而有时有了联系又非常紧张的世界里，感恩之情会激起回响。
Unit6
1）这座红房子在参天古树的映衬下十分夺目。（stand out）
The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.
2）我的新工作薪酬很高，但是其他方面我并不满意。（for the rest）
The salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.
3）两条溪流的水在我们村子附近汇合了。（mingle）
The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.
4）我们不应该嘲笑别人的宗教信仰。（mock）
We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.
5)这间房间的窗帘同家具的风格不太协调。（in tune）
The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.
unit6
1.他被急急送到机场，刚好赶上唯一一架或许能让他赶到垂危老父身边的飞机。
2．前一夜，老人突发严重的心脏病，被用了大量镇静剂，此刻神志只是部分清醒。
3．每次护士来到病房，士兵总是在那儿，但他没有注意她，也没有注意夜晚医院里的嘈杂声--- 氧气罐的叮当声，夜班医护人员互相打招呼时的笑声，其他病人的叫喊声，呻吟声和大鼾声。
4．他以一种极富人情味的方式证明了世间有人关心别人的境遇。
Unit7
1)昨天半夜我听到脚步声在过道里回荡，心里害怕极了。（echo）
I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.
2）这些名牌（name-brand）运动鞋保穿12个月。（guarantee）
The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12 months.
3）雪暴使交通运输陷入混乱。（disorder）
Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.
4）我最近工作压力很大。我想去海边度假。（feel like sth./doing sth）
I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work lately. I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.
5）住公寓不错，但有其局限——比如说，没有自家花园。（limitation）
Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations—for example, you don’t have your own garden.
unit7
1. 当时我俩并未意识到这一点，但那就是我们之间开始拉开距离的日子，是开始在家庭内部重新界定劳动者的意义的日子。
2. 他没有想到的是，他的大儿子打破了蓝领规则的第一条：赚尽可能多的钱，过尽可能好的生活。
3. 爸爸就像家人期望的那样，学了一门手艺，过上了一钟预先设计的单调生活。
4. 与此同时，他继续他的蓝领生活，一块一块地砌砖。
Unit8
1)医学专家就克隆人是否应被允许以及对社会有何潜在影响展开了辩论。
（clone，potential）
Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be.
2）当地百分之八十五的人拥有全职工作，只有百分之三的人称自己没有工作。（full-time）
Eighty-five per cent of the people in the local area are in full-time employment; only 3% describe themselves as unemployed.
3）我国相关部门将加快立法，保护农民工（migrant worker）的权利。（legislation）The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers.
4）近年来一些心理学家试图从生物学的观点解释智力。（standpoint）
In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.
5)世界金融危机对该国的出口工业产生了巨大影响。在仅仅六个月的时间里，许多工厂迫于情势而关门歇业。（no more than, by necessity）
The global financial crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months, many factories have closed down by necessity.
unit8
1.时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说:“慢一点来。”
2.就像禁止人工流产和婚外性行为一样，禁止克隆人肯定难以实施。
3.由于是人工生育而被认为缺乏道德，这样的苦境不是会糟糕得多吗？
4.因此，如果要禁止克隆人，其理由应比任何已经提出的更为有力才行。
1、我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而自豪（count on ；take pride in ) What I didn ' t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2、奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼：天哪，我们要赶不上火车了 ( Shoot a look at ；let out) Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “ Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we're going to miss the train! ” 3、我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问：在这种情形下，年轻的父母们是否得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？(stern;hold on to sb) At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances? 4、昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩( dim;weep ) In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5、富人捐赠时要尽量考虑周全，不要让受赠者陷入难堪的境地(considerate;embarrassing) When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6、从上个月起，我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转，所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节：我和朋友要去乡下远足呢！(revolve;count the days ) Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 7、无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多(maximum ;minimum.) In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. 8、我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人(build on;sincerity) I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 9、我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病(in vain) We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. 10、情人节是个一年一度在 2 月14 日庆祝的节日，一个向心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子(affection) Valentine 's Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one's affection. 11、在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的(era;via) In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 12、爱情需要培养，我们梦想拥有的“永恒的爱情”只有在双方学会欣赏对方、包容对方之后才可能缔造(nurture;forge) Love needs to be nurtured, and the “ eternal / everlasting love” that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 13、以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的(ground;break up) The friendship based on the sane interest doesn't break up easily 14、孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来(distinguish between) Children must learn to distinguish the 15、当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的(sensible)
综合教程（第一册）汉译英参考答案 Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题做好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（hand in hand） The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common）People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在三年内买一幢新房子。（look into） Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相 帮助。（part） Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon）At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨日抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天 的友好访问。（head） Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在 屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids, for all your lessons as well as all
历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一
综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at
单元1 （1）这个婴儿还不会爬，更不要说走了。 The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. （2）威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭，但是我认为他在说谎。 Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. （3）一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好的应对课外阅读 To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. （4）根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。 According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. （5）有些人想当然的认为日语中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。 Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. （6）我们已经讲所有的相关信息告知了警方。 We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. （7）关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没有用，因为我是不会回答你的。 There/ It is no use ask ing me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. （8）事先没有仔细阅读合同就签了名的吉姆的错误。 It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully （9）他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。 They refused to provide us with all the information we need （10）这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。 This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. （11）这部电影是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。 The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare. （12）如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职是就一定比别人根有优势。 If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting. 单元2 （1）很多老师不赞成这种做法。 Many teachers frowned on this practice. （2）当我想从草地上穿过去的时候，有位老人在旁边怒视着我。 An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn （3）当我提到我的父亲时，她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。 When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face （4）我的大孩子比较听话，而小的那个非常倔。我现在还常想起小的孩子在中学毕业后是如何执意要出国读书的。 My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. （5）当海啸袭来时，许多东南亚国家遭受了巨大的损失。 Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.
汉译英教程 第十三章词类的转换 汉英两种语言，用词方式各不相同，同一意思在不同的语言中有可能使用不同类别的词表达。如汉语中可用形容词作谓语，而英语必须用动词；汉语单句中可有几个动词。而英语单句中谓语动词通常只有一个，其它汉语用动词的地方，英语中只有变换方式。因此，汉英翻译时不可能总是保持原文词类的原貌，而须根据英语的甩词习惯选择词类。现将常见词类转换现 象介绍如下: 第一节汉语动词的转换 一、转换成英语名词 1．汉语中做主语、宾语的动词英译时可译作名词，这时的名词一般都表动作意义或是动词 转化来的名词。如： a)我们也认识到越来越需要使某些经济部门实行工业化。 We also realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy b)采用这种新装置可以大大地降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly reduce the percentage ot defective products． c)一切爱好和平的人们都要求禁止原子武器。 All peace loving people demand the prohibition of atomic weapons 2．汉语的一些动宾短语，英译时可采用"名词+of”引导的短语的结构。如： a)他一生的真正使命是想办法为推翻资本社会而作出贡献。 His real mission in life was to contribute，in one way or another，to the overthrown of capitalist society. b)看到这张照片，我想起了我的童年。 The sight of the photo brought me back to my childhood． 3 根据英语句式的要求转译为名词 a)在城市和乡村，托儿所和幼儿园都在大量扩展。 There has been a tremendous expansion of nurseries and kindergartens in both town and villages． b)骄傲自满最终毁了他。 Arrogance and complacence turned out to be his ruin． c)一切旨在保证国际机构特别是联合国机构进行工作的便利条件必须恢复。 There must be restoration of all the necessary facilities for the functioning of international organs，particularly the United Nations
2004.5 It isn’t often that one has the chance to congratulate a noted woman writer on her 80th birthday. So on October 5 last year，when I went to Bing Xin’s house，I felt very excited. I explained that I hoped she would tell me something about how she becam e a poet. “I haven’t written poetry for many years,” she said smiling. “But I still love to read good poetry.” Bing Xin was fortunate to have parents who encouraged her to study and write. When she was attending a women’s college in Beijing in 1919，an event occurred which changed the whole course of her life. That was the May 4th Movement，a patriotic democratic movement started by students in Beijing. The mass demonstrations made a deep impression on her. She threw herself into the struggle and was put in charge of publicity by the Student Union. She wrote poems，articles and stories，attacking imperialism and feudalism in its various forms. Going to the U.S. in 1923 to study literature，she wrote down her impressions on the way and during her stay there. These were published in the collection To Little Readers. The book brought her instant fame，not only because she was a woman writer，but also because of the noble sentiments in the book. Quite a few younger writers say it was Bing Xin’s writings that started t hem on the road they have since followed. 2004.11 In recent years, the Chinese government has encouraged domestic travel and implemented a policy of "holiday economics", giving its citizens three annual week-long vacations and the opportunity to spend more savings on travel, shopping and eating out. In 2004, total tourist spending during the May Day holidays was 39 billion yuan. Tourism now contributes 2.3 percent of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP), and revenues are expected to grow by 10 percent annually through to 2013, creating 40 million jobs.
Beauty 论美 —苏珊·桑塔格 For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons t hen were assumed to be what we now have to call whole person. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s “inside” and “outside”, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates (苏格拉底) found it quite paradoxical （自相矛盾的）that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive ---- and so ugly. One of Socrates’ main pedagogical （教导的）acts was to be ugly ---- and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. 在古希腊人看来，美是一种德性：一种优秀品质。那个时代的人大概就是我 们如今不得不称之为完人的人，尽管称之为完人仍让我们觉得有些辞不达意，还 带着些许嫉妒。要是古希腊人确实想到过要把一个人的“内在”与“外在”区分 开来，那么他们还是认为内在美应该与外在美相匹配。那些聚集在苏格拉底周围 的雅典富家子弟就发现，实在自相矛盾的是，他们心目中这位英雄如此聪颖、如 此勇敢、如此正直可敬的、如此富有魅力—又是如此丑陋。自身的长相丑陋也是 苏格拉底的现身说法之一：他要教导这些相貌出众却不谙世事的弟子们，生活确 实充满了矛盾。 他们也许充耳不闻苏格拉底的教训。我们则不然。几千年之后，我们更是小 心翼翼地看待美的魅力。我们不仅轻易地把“内在”和“外在”割裂开来，而且 发现一个人既相貌美丽，又德才兼备时，我们会觉得难以置信。 主要是由于基督教的影响，美才被剥夺了它在关于人的优秀品质的古典理想 中的中心位置。基督教把优秀的概念限制于道德上的美德，这样便把美束之高阁—视之为一种异化的、无常的、浅薄的魅力。于是美之声誉不断下降。将近两个 世纪中，人们已经约定俗成把美归之于两性中的一个性别：无论多么美丽，这个 性别总是第二性。把美和妇女相联系，结果使得美在道德上更容易受到批判和攻 击。 我们英语中常说，一个美丽的女子。但是却说一个英俊的男人。“英俊”是“美丽”的阳性等义词，也意味着拒绝“美丽”这个恭维字眼，因为这个字眼已 经由于专用于女子而带上了贬义色彩。在法语和意大利语中，可以说一个男人“美丽”，这表明天主教国家仍然保留着异教徒对美的崇拜的绪余，而不同于演化为 新教的基督教影响下的那些国家。不过要说存在区别的话，那也只是程度问题。 在每个现代国家里，不论是基督教国家还是基督教衰落后的国家，妇女都是美的 性别—这对妇女以及美这个概念都为害不浅。 人们认为，被称为美丽是点明女性性格上和关注问题方面本质的东西。（这
1. 她是个好学生，但她很害羞，又缺乏自信。She is a good student, but she is shy and lacks confidence. 2. 他承认自己设定的目标不够现实，因此考试成绩也不够理想。He confessed that he had not set realistic targets / goals, so he did not do as well in the exams as he had expected. 3. 如何组织时间，如何结交新朋友是大学新生面临的挑战。(challenge; faced with)How to organize time and how to make friends are challenges that freshmen are faced with. 4.直到大学毕业我才认识到，学习并不是大学生活的全部，大学生活本可以更加丰富多彩。It wasn’t until graduation that I realized college life was not all about studying. It could have been more colorful. 5.大学是人生中最美好的时光。好好享受大学生活，因为这样的时光不会再来。College years are the best years of a person’s life. Enjoy your college life because these moments will never come again. 1. 令很多家长感到困惑的是，为什么孩子们对洋快餐那么感兴趣。What puzzles many parents is why their kids are so crazy about foreign fast food. 2. 到中国之前，你应该对中国的饮食文化有所了解。Y ou should have learnt something about Chinese food culture before you came to China .3. 尽管食品安全问题引起了广泛关注，食品安全仍然面临严峻的问题。Despite all the attention that has been paid to food safety, it still faces serious problems. 4. 除了欣赏美景外，品尝当地的小吃也是一大美事。Apart from appreciating the beautiful scenery, tasting some local food is also a great pleasure. 5. 肯德基、麦当劳等洋快餐的出现对中国的传统饮食产生了不小的影响。The appearance of foreign fast food such as KFC and McDonald’s has had quite an influence on traditional Chinese food. 1 人们往往凭第一印象去判断一个人，虽然有时第一印象并不可靠。People tend to judge a person by first impressions, though sometimes the first impression is not really reliable. 2 他非常感谢那些在他困难时期给过他帮助和支持的人。 He is very grateful to those who offered help and support when he was in trouble. 3 总的来说，中国人比较含蓄，一般不怎么愿意和陌生人交谈。Generally speaking, Chinese people are more reserved; they are less inclined to talk to strangers. 4 正是他乐于助人的品德使他赢得了人们的尊重. It is his virtue of being ready to help others that earns him people’s respect. 5 他们之间建立了良好的关系，这给双方都带来了很多好处。They established a good relationship, from which both of them benefited a lot. 1 虽然父母有教育子女的义务，但很多父母不知道如何扮演好这一角色。Despite the fact that parents have the responsibility to educate their children, many of them have no idea how to play the role well. 2 他主张父母应该成为孩子的朋友，并在言行上保持一致。He advocates that parents should be friends to their kids, and be consistent in what they say and do. 3 父母往往能认识到知识教育的重要性，却忽视了对孩子的情感教育。Parents are generally conscious of the importance of academic education while neglecting emotional education. 4 父母在子女教育方面所起的积极作用是显而易见的。The positive influence that parents may have on their children’s education is obvious and self-evident. 5 对孩子取得的任何进步都要给予肯定，不管是多么小的进步。Be positive about any progress your child is ma king, no matter how small it is. 1 到达山顶后，游客们被眼前的美景惊呆了。Upon reaching the top of the mountain, the tourists were overwhelmed by the beauty of what they saw. 2 他强烈推荐游览华山, 因为与以前爬过的山相比，华山更具有挑战性。He highly recommended visiting Huashan Mountain, because in comparison with the mountains we climbed before, Huashan Mountain is more challenging. 3 国庆期间我们去了黄山，发现黄山的美无法用文字形容。During the National Day holidays we went to Huangshan Mountain, the beauty of which we found is beyond words. 4 对我而言，旅游是有效的放松方式。我去过很多地方，确实觉得旅游带来的益处非常大。For me, travelling is an effective way to relax. I have travelled to many places and really feel that the benefits have been huge. 5 这次故乡之行让我想起了我小时候在那里度过的快乐时光。The trip back to my home town reminded me of the happy days I spent there when I was a child. 1 我们消耗的能量越多，造成的污染也可能越多。The more energy we consume, the more pollution we are likely to produce. 2 事实证明宣传活动是成功的，它把人们的注意力吸引到环境保护上来。The publicity campaign turned out to be quite successful in drawing people’s attention to environmental protection. 3 事实是，不可再生资源正日益枯竭；如何满足未来的能源需求是科学家高度关心的问题。The fact is that we are running out of non-renewable resources. How to meet our energy needs in the future is a major concern for scientists. 4 按照目前的能源消耗速度，能源短缺是不可避免的。At the present pace we consume energy, an energy shortage is inevitable. 5 离开家前，要记得关掉电视和电脑等电器。Always remember to switch off electrical equipment like TVs and computers before you leave the house.
八级汉译英 1997年: Translation from CHINESE to ENGLISH (30 min) 1 来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出的较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生的勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解（v-n）亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。（主动和被动改）他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1999年夏天，我不顾别人的劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学历程。 【参考答案】 Like other Asian Americans, most Chinese American students are very diligent. They often spare one day even two days of the weekend for the overtime work in the lab, so they harvest more than American students. My advisor, who was an Asian American, had a strong（准）addiction to smoking and drinking, a nd（连词）a n irritable temper as well.（合句，定从，插入语and,with,状从句子，或提一部分作成份）However, he appreciated the industry and the solid basic knowledge of students with Asian origins.He also had a particular keen insight into the mentality of these students. So it was not surprising（用it 句式，补词）that all the students in his lab were from Asia except one from Germany. The advisor was so straightforward as to paste an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read: “It is ）无人称句正式）a must that all the research assistants in the lab work from 10 to 12pm every day, and seven days a week. （调整句子）Furthermore, they should spare no effort in working hours.” The advisor was well-known for his strictness and severity through out the university. During the three and a half years of my work there, fourteen students were recruited into his lab, but only five stayed until after they had graduated with a PH.D degree. In the summer of 1999, regardless the dissuasion, I accepted my tutor’s subsidization and from then on I began my hard way of study. 1998年: CHINESE TO ENGLISH 1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多…… On February 24, 1997, our delegation stayed at ZhongXin hotel beside RiyueTan, It was already 3 o'clock of the next morning when we saw off the last group of visitors, I lay down on the