机械波英文名词
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:133.50 KB
- 文档页数:6
瞬时速度instantaneous velocity[,nstn'teinjs]圆柱形cylinder['silind]械振动mechanical vibration [va'bren]简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation [hɑ:'mnik]振幅amplitude ['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d]频率frequency ['fri:kwnsi]xxhertz [h:ts]单摆simple pendulum ['pendjulm]受迫振动forced vibration共振resonance ['reznns]机械波mechanical wave介质medium ['mi:djm]横波transverse wave [trns'v:s]纵波longitudinal wave [lndi'tju:dinl]波长wavelength ['wev,lekθ]超声波supersonic wave [,sju:p'snik]速率speed[spi:d]v-t图象v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度acceleration [k,sel'ren]xxPlanck匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion['ju:nif:m] ['vribl] [,rekti'lini]初速度initial velocity[i'nil] [vi'lsiti]自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[k,sel'ren]重力加速度gravitational acceleration [,ɡrvi'teinl] xxGalileo Galilei力force[f:s]xxNewton['nju:tn]重力gravity['ɡrviti]重心center of gravity['sent]万有引力gravitation[,grv'ten]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[,lektrmg'netk] 强相互作用strong interaction[,ntr'kn]弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation[,di:f:'men,]弹性形变elastic deformation[i'lstik] [,di:f:'men,]弹性限度elastic limit[i'lstik] ['limit]弹力elastic force[i'lstik] [f:s]劲度系数coefficient of stiffness[,k'fnt] ['stfns] xxHooke law[l:]摩擦力friction force['frikn]静摩擦力static frictional force['sttik] ['frikn]滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force['slaidi]动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor[dai'nmik]合力resultant force[ri'zltnt]分力component force[km'punnt]力的合成composition of forces[,kmp'zin]力的分解resolution of force[,rez'lu:n] 三角形定则triangular rule[tra'gjl] [ru:l]运动学kinematics[kini'mtiks]动力学dynamics[dai'nmiks]牛顿第一定律Newton first law['nju:tn] [l:]惯性inertia [i'n:j]惯性定律law of inertia[i'n:j]质量mass[ms]惯性系inertial system['sistm]牛顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le Systeme International Unites SI[,nt'nnl]作用力action['kn]反作用力reaction[ri'kn]牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight[,v'wet]失重weightlessness['wetls]误差error['er]偶然误差accidental error[,ksi'dentl]系统误差systematic error [,sist'mtik]绝对误差absolute error['bslu:t]相对误差relative error['reltiv]亚里士多德Aristotle曲线运动curvilinear motion[k:vi'lini]基尔霍夫Kirchhoff切线tangent['tndnt]抛体运动projectile motion[pr'dektl,]抛物线parabola[p'rbl]线速度linear velocity['lini]匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion['ju:nif:m] ['s:kjul] 角速度angular velocity['gjl]弧度radian['reidjn]周期period['pirid]向心加速度centripetal acceleration[sen'trptl]向心力centripetal force[sen'trptl]开普勒Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡrvi'teinl] ['knstnt]万有引力定律law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'v:sl]第一宇宙速度first cosmic velocity['kzmik]第二宇宙速度second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度third cosmic velocityxxblack hole能力energy['endi]势能potential energy[p'tenl]动能kinetic energy[k'netk, ka-]功work[w:k]瓦特watt['pau]重力势能gravitational potential energy [,ɡrvi'teinl] [p'tenl]弹性势能elastic potential energy[i'lstik] [p'tenl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:rm]机械能mechanical energy[mi'knikl] [k'netk]机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kns'vein] [mi'knikl]能量守恒定律law of energy conservation[,kns'vein]亥姆霍兹Helmholtz['helmhults]力force拉力traction['trkn]力矩torque[t:k]动量momentum[mu'mentm]角动量angular momentum ['gjl]振动vibration[va'bren]振幅amplitude['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d] xxwave[weiv]驻波standing wave['stnd]震荡oscillation[,s'len]相干波coherent wave[ku'hirnt]干涉interference[,nt'firns]衍射diffraction[di'frkn]轨道obital大小magnatitude方向direction[di'rekn]水平horizental竖直vertical['v:tikl]相互垂直perpendicular[,p:pn'dkjl]坐标coordinate[ku':dineit]直角坐标系cersian coordinate system 极坐标系polar coordinate system['pul] 弹簧spring[spri]球体sphere[sfi]环loop[lu:p]盘型disc。
材料、结构力学名词英文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1力学 mechanics 牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics 静力学 statics 运动学 kinematics 动力学 dynamics子波 wavelet 次级子波 secondary wavele 驻波 standing wave声强 intensity of sound 声强计 phonometer 声调 intonation音色 musical quality 音调 pitch 声级 sound level声压[强] sound pressure 声源 sound source 声阻抗 acoustic impedance声抗 acoustic reactance 声阻 acoustic resistance 声导纳 acoustic admittance声导 acoustic conductance 声纳 acoustic susceptance 声共振 acoustic resonance声波 sound wave 超声波 supersonic wave 声速 sound velocity次声波 infrasonic wave 亚声速 subsonic speed又称“亚音速”。
超声速 supersonic speed又称“超音速”。
声呐 sonar 共鸣 resonance回波 echo 回声 echo 拍 beat 拍频 beat frequency群速 group velocity 相速 phase velocity 能流 energy flux能流密度 energy flux density 材料力学 mechanics of materials, strength of materials 应力 stress 法向应力 normal stress 剪[切]应力 shear stress单轴应力 uniaxial stress 双轴应力 biaxial stress 拉[伸]应力 tensile stress压[缩]应力 compressive stress 周向应力 circumferential stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress 轴向应力 axial stress弯[曲]应力 bending stress, flexural stress 扭[转]应力 torsional stress局部应力 localized stress 残余应力 residual stress 热应力 thermal stress最大法向应力 maximum normal stress 最小法向应力 minimum normal stress最大剪应力 maximum shear stress 主应力 principal stress主剪应力 principal shear stress 工作应力 working stress 许用应力 allowable stress 应力集中 stress concentration 应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力状态 state of stress 应力分析 stress analysis结构[强度]分析 structured analysis 应变 strain 剪[切]应变 shear strain法向应变 normal strain 拉[伸]应变 tensile strain 压[缩]应变 compressive strain 体积应变 volumetric strain 残余应变 residual strain 热应变 thermal strain最大法向应变 maximum normal strain 主应变 principal strain主剪应变 principal shear strain 名义应变 nominal strain应变状态 state of strain 载荷 load又称“荷载”。
高中物理选修一机械波笔记Mechanical waves are a type of wave that requires a medium to travel through. These waves can be classified into two main types: transverse waves and longitudinal waves. 机械波是一种需要介质传播的波。
这些波可以分为两种主要类型:横波和纵波。
Transverse waves occur when the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave. This type of wave can be seen when a rope is flicked, creating a side-to-side motion. When this happens, the energy of the wave is transferred from one particle to the next. 当介质的粒子垂直于波的方向移动时,就会出现横波。
当一根绳子被弹起时,会产生这种类型的波,这种波将能量从一个粒子传递到下一个粒子。
Longitudinal waves, on the other hand, occur when the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave. An example of this type of wave is sound waves, where air particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels. 相反,纵波发生在介质的粒子沿波的方向平行移动时。
初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən]机械运动motion运动reference['rɛfərəns] object 参照物rest静止velocity[və'lɑsətɪ]速度sound 声音uniform rectilinear[,rɛktə'lɪnɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable['vɛrɪəb!]rectilinear motion 变速直线运动musical sound 乐音noise 噪音pitch[pɪtʃ]音调(frequently频繁的)frequency['frikwənsɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound:['ʌltrə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfrə'sɑnɪk]次声light 光reflection[rɪ'flɛkʃən]of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse[dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射conves ['kɑnvɛks]lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent[kən'vɝdʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] lens 发散透镜(凹透镜)force[fors]力elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力gravity['grævətɪ]重力weight [wet]物重(重力)center of gravity重心sliding['slaɪdɪŋ] frictional['frɪkʃənəl] force滑动摩擦力Newton’s first law 牛顿第一定律inertia [ɪn'ɝʃə]惯性mass[mæs] 质量density['dɛnsətɪ]密度buoyancy['bɔɪənsɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ]压力(相同,注意理解)pressure压强atmospheric [,ætməs'fɛrɪk] pressure 气压standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压lever['lɛvɚ]杠杆fixed pulley['pulɪ]定滑轮movable ['muvəb!]pulley动滑轮mechanicl work 机械功power功率mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'fɪʃənsɪ]机械效率kinetic energy:[kɪ'nɛtɪk]动能energy 能量potential energy[pə'tɛnʃəl]势能mechanicl energy 机械能crystal['krɪst!]晶体noncrystal非晶体melt ing['mɛltɪŋ]熔化melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点vaporization [,vepərə'zeʃən]汽化boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ]沸腾vaporation蒸发sublimation[,sʌblə'meʃən]升华solidification[sə,lɪdəfə'keʃən]凝固solidifying:[sə'lɪdə,faɪ] point 凝固点liquefaction[,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən] 液化condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华internal [ɪn'tɝn!] energy 内能heat quantity:['kwɑntətɪ]热量specific[spɪ'sɪfɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsətɪ]比热容heat engine ['ɛndʒən]热机internal-combustion[kəm'bʌstʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] charge [tʃɑrdʒ]电荷positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛgətɪv] charge 负电荷series['siriz] connection [kə'nɛkʃən]串联parallel['pærə,lɛl]connection并联electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培voltage ['voltɪdʒ]电压volt福特ohm‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'lɛktromæg'nɛtɪk] induction [ɪn'dʌkʃən]电磁感应现象induced electric current感应电流lightguide[laɪtgaɪd] fiber ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维elasticity[ɪ,læs'tɪsətɪ]弹性hardness硬度ducility延展性chemical energy 化学能nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'njuəb!]energy source [sors]可再生能源(注意“核-nuclear”-联系时政)nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源nuclear fission ['fɪʃən]核裂变nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能tidal ['taɪd!]energy 潮汐能wind energy 风能angle['æŋg!]of emergence [ɪ'mɝdʒəns]出射角light beam[bim]光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪnsədns]入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection [rɪ'flɛkʃən]反射角light source[sors]光源angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən]折射角mains frequency ['frikwənsɪ]市电频率apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ]视深medium['midɪəm]介质binoculars[bɪ'nɑkjəlɚs]双筒望远(新概念词汇)boiler['bɔɪlɚ]锅炉microwave ['maɪkro,wev]微波mirage[mə'rɑʒ]海市蜃楼,蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel]摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple ['mʌltəp!]image['ɪmɪdʒ]复像multiple reflection 多次反射condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝结,凝聚mutually ['mjutʃuəlɪ] perpendicular[,pɝpən'dɪkjəlɚ]互相垂直的colour 颜色condensation[,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点,凝结点normal 法线coolant['kulənt]冷却剂object 物,物体cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲object distance 物距critical ['krɪtɪk!]angle 临界optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪbɚ]光导纤维,光纤degree [dɪ'gri]度optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'ljuʒən]光幻象,视错觉degree Celsius(ce ntigrade)摄氏度optically['ɑptɪklɪ]dense medium['midɪəm]光密介质deviation[,divɪ'eʃən]偏向,偏差optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质物理学physics 误差error 游码rider测量measure (vt.) 实验experiment 温度计temperature长度length 实验室laboratory 摄氏度degree centigrade单位unit 面积area 温度计thermometer千米kilometer 平方米square meter 体温计clinical thermometer米meter 体积volume 时间time分米decimeter 立方米cubic meter 小时hour厘米centimeter 升Liter 分钟minute毫米millimeter 毫升Milliliter 秒second微米micron 质量mass 毫秒millisecond纳米nanometer 吨ton 停表stop watch测量工具measuring tool 千克kilogram 力force刻度尺meter ruler 克gram 牛顿Newton最小刻度division value 毫克milligram 测力计dynamometer零刻度线zero graduation line 天平balance 弹簧秤spring balance 测量范围measuring range 砝码weightsⅡ、运动(simple motion)相对运动relative motion 方向direction 路程path静止rest 直线运动rectilinear motion 速度velocity参照物reference 曲线运动curvilinear motion变速直线运动variable rectilinear motion位置position 匀速直线运动uniform rectilinear motion平均速度average velocityⅢ、热(heat)分子molecules 熔化melting 液化liquefaction分子运动molecular motion 熔点melting point 升华sublimation 扩散diffusion 凝固solidification 凝华condensation排斥力repulsive force 凝固点solidifying point 冰箱refrigerator 吸引力attractive force 晶体crystal 热传递heat transfer物质substance 非晶体non crystal 热传导heat conduction物体object 吸收absorb(v.) 热对流heat convection状态state 放出release(v.) 热辐射heat radiation固体solid 汽化vaporization热量heat液体liquid 蒸发evaporation 比热(容)specific heat (capacity)气体gas 沸腾boiling物态变化state transformation 沸点boiling pointⅠⅠ、光(light)光源light source 入射角incident angle 焦距focal length 光的直线传播rectilinear propagation of light反射角reflection angle 会聚converge(v.)小孔成像image by ping hole 镜面反射mirror reflection发散diverge(v.)日食solar eclipse 漫反射diffuse reflection 光屏(屏幕)screen 月食lunar eclipse 平面镜plane mirror 照相机camera光速velocity of light 潜望镜periscope 幻灯机slide projector真空vacuum 蜡烛candle 电影放映机film projector空气air 光的折射refraction of light 放大镜magnifier玻璃glass 折射光线refracted ray 倒立的inverted水water 折射角refraction angle 正立的erected均匀介质well-distributed medium 透镜lens 缩小的reduced光的反射reflection of light 凸透镜convex lens 放大的amplified反射定律reflection law 凹透镜concave lens 实像real image 入射光线incident ray (主)光轴principal optical axis虚像virtual image反射光线reflected ray 光心optical center of lens 海市蜃楼mirage法线normal 焦点focus 光的色散dispersion of lightⅤ、磁(magnetism)磁体magnet 小磁针magnetic needle 磁场magnetic field天然磁体natural magnet 磁极magnetic pole地磁场geomagnetic field人造磁体man-made magnet 南极north pole电流的磁场magnetic field of electric current条形磁铁bar magnet 北极South pole 磁感线magnetic induction line蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet 磁化magnetization 电磁铁electromagnet三、声音(sound)振动vibrate 声波wave of sound 振幅amplitude介质medium 音调pitch 噪音noise传播travel 响度loudness 乐音voice声速velocity of sound 音色musical quality 分贝decibel(dB)回声echo 频率frequency四、力(force)重力gravity 惯性inertia 动力motive force重心center of gravity 平衡equilibrium 阻力resistance摩擦力friction force 压强pressure 动力臂power arm滑动摩擦sliding friction 帕斯卡Pascal(Pa) 阻力臂resisting arm滚动摩擦rolling friction 液体压强hydraulic pressure作用线action-line静摩擦static friction 大气压强atmospheric pressure 滑轮pulley 压力pressure force 标准大气压standard atmospheric pressure定滑轮fixed pulley浮力buoyancy force 气压计barometer 动滑轮movable pulley 力的图示force diagram 托里拆利Torricelli 滑轮组pulley block 力的大小magnitude of force 阿基米德原理Archimedes principle 功work力的方向direction of force 密度density 功率power力的作用点acting point of force 潜水艇submarine机械效率mechanical efficiency合力resultant force 热气球fire balloon 有用功useful work 分力component force 飞艇airship 额外功extra wok力的合成composition of forces 简单机械simple mechanics总功total work形变deformation 杠杆lever 斜面inclined plane牛顿第一定律Newton’s First Law支点pivot五、电(electricity)电荷electric charge 正极positive plate 电压voltage带电体charged body 负极negative plate 伏特V olt摩擦起电electrification by friction 电路electric circuit伏特计voltmeter正电荷positive charge 通路closed circuit 电阻resistance负电荷negative charge 开路open circuit 欧姆Ohm导体conductor 短路short circuit 变阻器rheostat绝缘体insulator 电路图circuit map 滑动变阻器slide wire rheostat 蓄电池storage plate 安培计ammeter半导体semiconductor 串联series connection 欧姆定律Ohm’s law电源power source 并联parallel connection 电功electric work导线wire 电量electric quantity 电功率electric power电键key(switch) 电流electric current 额定电压rated voltage干电池dry cell 安培Ampere 额定电功率rated power。
机械波机械振动在介质中的传播称为机械波(mechanical wave)。
机械波与电磁波既有相似之处又有不同之处,机械波由机械振动产生,电磁波由电磁振荡产生;机械波的传播需要特定的介质,在不同介质中的传播速度也不同,在真空中根本不能传播,而电磁波(例如光波)可以在真空中传播;机械波可以是横波和纵波,但电磁波只能是横波;机械波与电磁波的许多物理性质,如:折射、反射等是一致的,描述它们的物理量也是相同的。
常见的机械波有:水波、声波、地震波。
机械振动产生机械波,机械波的传递一定要有介质,有机械振动但不一定有机械波产生。
形成条件波源波源也称振源,指能够维持振动的传播,不间断的输入能量,并能发出波的物体或物体所在的初始位置。
波源即是机械波形成的必要条件,也是电磁波形成的必要条件。
波源可以认为是第一个开始振动的质点,波源开始振动后,介质中的其他质点就以波源的频率做受迫振动,波源的频率等于波的频率。
介质广义的介质可以是包含一种物质的另一种物质。
在机械波中,介质特指机械波借以传播的物质。
仅有波源而没有介质时,机械波不会产生,例如,真空中的闹钟无法发出声音。
机械波在介质中的传播速率是由介质本身的固有性质决定的。
在不同介质中,波速是不同的。
下表给出了0℃时,声波在不同介质的传播速度,数据取自《普通高中课程标准实验教科书-物理(选修3-4)》(2005年)[1]。
单位v/m·s^-1传播方式与特点质点的运动机械波在传播过程中,每一个质点都只做上下(左右)的简谐振动,即,质点本身并不随着机械波的传播而前进,也就是说,机械波的一质点运动是沿一水平直线进行的。
例如:人的声带不会随着声波的传播而离开口腔。
简谐振动做等幅震动,理想状态下可看作做能量守恒的运动.阻尼振动为能量逐渐损失的运动.为了说明机械波在传播时质点运动的特点,现已绳波(右下图)为例进行介绍,其他形式的机械波同理[1]。
绳波是一种简单的横波,在日常生活中,我们拿起一根绳子的一端进行一次抖动,就可以看见一个波形在绳子上传播,如果连续不断地进行周期性上下抖动,就形成了绳波[1]。
物理英语单词大全带音标Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】平均速度 average velocity['vrid] [vi'lsiti瞬时速度 instantaneous velocity[,nstn'teinjs]圆柱形cylinder['silind]械振动 mechanical vibration [va'bren]简谐振动 simple harmonic oscillation [hɑ:'mnik]振幅 amplitude ['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d]频率 frequency ['fri:kwnsi]赫兹 hertz [h:ts]单摆 simple pendulum ['pendjulm]受迫振动 forced vibration共振 resonance ['reznns]机械波 mechanical wave介质 medium ['mi:djm]横波 transverse wave [tr?ns'v:s]纵波 longitudinal wave [lndi'tju:dinl]波长wavelength ['wev,le?kθ]超声波 supersonic wave [,sju:p'snik]速率 speed[spi:d]v-t 图象 v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度 acceleration [k,sel'ren]普朗克 Planck匀变速直线运动 uniform variable rectilinear motion['ju:nif:m] ['vribl] [,rekti'lini]初速度 initial velocity[i'nil] [vi'lsiti]自由落体运动 free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[k,sel'ren]重力加速度 gravitational acceleration [,ɡr?vi'teinl]伽利略 Galileo Galilei力 force[f:s]牛顿 Newton['nju:tn]重力 gravity['ɡr?viti]重心center of gravity['sent]万有引力gravitation[,gr?v'ten]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[,lektrm?g'netk]强相互作用 strong interaction[,ntr'kn]弱相互作用 weak interaction形变deformation[,di:f:'men,]弹性形变 elastic deformation[i'l?stik] [,di:f:'men,]弹性限度 elastic limit[i'l?stik] ['limit]弹力 elastic force[i'l?stik] [f:s]劲度系数 coefficient of stiffness[,k'fnt] ['stfns]胡克定律 Hooke law[l:]摩擦力 friction force['frikn]静摩擦力 static frictional force['st?tik] ['frikn]滑动摩擦力 sliding frictional force['slaidi]动摩擦因数 dynamic friction factor[dai'n?mik]合力 resultant force[ri'zltnt]分力 component force[km'punnt]力的合成 composition of forces[,kmp'zin]平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule[,p?r'lel,gr?m]共点力 concurrent forces[kn'k:rnt,]力的分解 resolution of force[,rez'lu:n]三角形定则 triangular rule[tra'gjl] [ru:l]运动学 kinematics[kini'm?tiks]动力学 dynamics[dai'n?miks]牛顿第一定律 Newton first law['nju:tn] [l:]惯性 inertia [i'n:j]惯性定律 law of inertia[i'n:j]质量 mass[m?s]惯性系 inertial system['sistm]牛顿第二定律 Newton second law单位制 system of units国际单位制 Le Systeme International Unites SI[,nt'n?nl]作用力 action['kn]反作用力 reaction[ri'kn]牛顿第三定律 Newton third law超重 overweight[,v'wet]失重 weightlessness['wetls]误差 error['er]偶然误差 accidental error[,ksi'dentl]系统误差 systematic error [,sist'm?tik]绝对误差 absolute error['bslu:t]相对误差 relative error['reltiv]亚里士多德 Aristotle曲线运动 curvilinear motion[k:vi'lini]基尔霍夫 Kirchhoff切线 tangent['t?ndnt]抛体运动 projectile motion[pr'dektl,]抛物线 parabola[p'r?bl]线速度 linear velocity['lini]匀速圆周运动 uniform circular motion['ju:nif:m] ['s:kjul]角速度 angular velocity['gjl]弧度 radian['reidjn]周期 period['pirid]向心加速度 centripetal acceleration[sen'trptl]向心力 centripetal force[sen'trptl]开普勒 Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡr?vi'teinl] ['knstnt]万有引力定律 law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'v:sl]第一宇宙速度 first cosmic velocity['kzmik]第二宇宙速度 second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度 third cosmic velocity黑洞 black hole能力 energy['endi]势能 potential energy[p'tenl]动能 kinetic energy[k'netk, ka-]功 work[w:k]焦耳 joule[du:l]功率 power['pau]瓦特 watt['pau]重力势能 gravitational potential energy [,ɡr?vi'teinl] [p'tenl]弹性势能 elastic potential energy[i'l?stik] [p'tenl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:rm]机械能 mechanical energy[mi'k?nikl] [k'netk]机械能守恒定律 law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kns'vein] [mi'k?nikl]能量守恒定律 law of energy conservation[,kns'vein]亥姆霍兹 Helmholtz['helmhults]力 force拉力 traction['tr?kn]力矩 torque[t:k]动量 momentum[mu'mentm]角动量 angular momentum ['gjl]振动 vibration[va'bren]振幅 amplitude['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d]波 wave[weiv]驻波 standing wave['st?nd]震荡 oscillation[,s'len]相干波 coherent wave[ku'hirnt]干涉 interference[,nt'firns]衍射 diffraction[di'fr?kn]轨道 obital大小 magnatitude方向 direction[di'rekn]水平 horizental竖直 vertical['v:tikl]相互垂直 perpendicular[,p:pn'dkjl]坐标 coordinate[ku':dineit]直角坐标系 cersian coordinate system 极坐标系 polar coordinate system['pul]弹簧 spring[spri]球体 sphere[sfi]环 loop[lu:p]盘型 disc。
大学物理下册常用英文单词及短语Mechanical Oscillation(vibration)机械振动Electromagnetic Oscillation 电磁振荡Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) simple harmonic oscillator 简谐振动Superposition 合成、叠加Spring 弹簧Period 周期frequency Angular frequency 频率、角频率Phase initial phase 相位、初相rotating vector 旋转矢量vertical directions 垂直方向Mechanical Wave 机械波Plane Harmonic Waves 平面简谐波Propagation 传播Huygen’s Principle 惠更斯原理Interference of Waves 波的干涉Standing Wave (Stationary Waves) 驻波traveling waveDoppler Effect 多普勒效应Medium 介质Transverse waves 横波Longitudinal waves 纵波:Wave Front:(波前)Wavelength 波长Crest 波峰trough 波谷Wave speed 波速Randomly 随机Position 位置Displacement 位移wave equation 波动方程oscillating curve 振动曲线kinetic, potential and total energy 动能、势能和总能量energy flow density 能流密度spherical waves 球面波Principle of Independent Propagation 波的独立传播原理Principle of Superposition of Waves 波的叠加原理Coherent wave 相干波phase difference 相位差wave path difference 波程差constructive 干涉相长destructive 干涉相消interface draft(干涉图样)Node 波节Antinode 波幅important features: 重要性质Half-Wave Loss 半波损失wavy thinner medium 波疏介质wavy denser medium 波密介质toward 向着far away 背离Optics 光学Visible light可见光light vector 光矢量Luminescence 发光Interference of Light 光的干涉Coherence Light 相干光incoherent superposition 非相干叠加coherent superposition 相干叠加Optical Distance 光程Optical Path Difference 光程差Film Interference 薄膜干涉Reflection反射Refraction折射Diffraction 衍射Slit 缝Fraunhofer 夫朗和费Grating 光栅Polarized Light 偏振光stable interference pattern 稳定杆射花样light intensity 光强Young’s Interference 杨氏干涉central bright fringe 中央明纹first-order bright fringes 第一级明纹adjacent bright (or dark) fringes 相邻明暗纹Lloyd’s mirror experiment 络唉镜实验the refractive index 折射率Thin Lens 薄透镜parallel light 平行光in-phase 同相位primary optical axis 主光轴secondary optical axis 副光轴primary focus 主焦点focal plane 焦平面optical center 光心Equal-inclination interference, isoclinal interference 等倾干涉Film 薄膜Equal-thickness interference(等厚干涉)Wedge Interference 劈尖干涉bright or dark fringes 明暗纹distance 距离Newton’s ring 牛顿环Michelson’s Interferometer 迈克尔逊干涉仪Huygens-Fresnel’s Principle 惠更斯菲涅尔原理incident lights 入射光Fresnel Diffraction 菲涅尔衍射Vertical 垂直的center bright fringe 中央明纹Circular Hole Diffraction 圆孔衍射Ariy disk 艾丽斑Rayleigh criterion 瑞丽判据Ruling 刻痕glass plate 平板玻璃grating constant 光栅常数diffraction angle 衍射角grating equation 光栅方程Primary maximum fringe 主机大条纹spectrum line 谱线visible frings 可见条纹incident normally 垂直入射missing order 缺级Dark fringe 暗纹equal to 等于Grating spectrum 光栅光谱Oblique incidence 斜入射Nature Light 自然光Polarized Light 偏振光Linearly Polarized Light 线偏振光plane polarized light 平面偏振光Partially Polarized Light 部分偏振光Polarizer 起偏、偏振片Analyser 检偏The polarized direction 偏振方向Malus Law 马吕斯定律Extinction消光Snell’s Law (refraction law)死聂耳折射定律Brewster’s Law 布如斯特定律full polarization angle全偏振角or Brewster angle布儒斯特角the Kinetic Theory of Gases 气体动理论Equilibrium State 平衡态Ideal Gas 理想气体Equipartition Theory of Energy 能量均分理论Internal energy 内能Maxwell Speed Distribution 麦克斯韦速率分布Boltzmann Distribution 波尔滋蔓速率分布The Mean Free Path 平均自由程vast number of molecular 大量分子Thermodynamics 热力学Thermology 热学macroscopic quantities 宏观态microcosmic quantities 微观态Avogadro’s constant 阿伏伽德罗常量Brownian Motion 布朗运动Attractive 吸引Repulsive 排斥isolated System 孤立系统State Parameters 状态参量Ideal Gas Equation of State 理想气体状态方程geometric parameter 几何参数mechanical parameter 力学参数thermal parameter 热学参数fixed 固定的The root-mean-square(RMS) speed 方均根速率The degrees of freedom of molecule 分子自由度monatomic gas 单原子分子diatomic gas双原子分子polyatomic gas 多原子分子Energy Equipartition theorem 能量均分定理degree of translational freedom 平动自由度translational kinetic energy 平动动能average kinetic energy 平均动能rotational kinetic energy 转动动能thermodynamic temperature 热力学温度speed distribution function 速率分布函数the mean value 平均值collisions 碰撞Normalization归一化Curve 曲线the most probable speed 最可几速率average speed 平均速度The mean free path 平均自由程The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Adiabatic Process绝热过程Carnot Cycle 卡诺循环Cyclical Processes 循环过程The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律Reversible可逆的& Irreversible不可逆的ProcessStatistical Meaning 统计意义Entropy 熵Quasistataic process 准静态过程Work功、Heat热、Internal Energy 内能Piston 活塞Integration 积分Isochoric process等容过程Isobaric process等压过程Isothermal Processes等温过程Heat Capacities 热容Specific Heat capacity比热容molar heat capacity 摩尔热熔Mayer’s formular 迈耶公式Adiabatic equation 绝热过程adiabatic curve 绝热曲线isotherm curve 等温曲线heat engine 热机p-V diagram p-V图original state 初态Clockwise 正循环Anticlockwise 逆循环Refrigerator 电冰箱The efficiency of heat engines 热机效率refrigeration coefficient 制冷系数Carnot cycle 卡诺循环isothermal expansion 等温膨胀adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀compression 压缩Kelvin statement开尔文说法Clausius statement克劳修斯说法work transfers into heat 功热转换Carnot Theorem 卡诺定理Statistical Meaning 统计平均。