新精编中考英语复习三年命题规律总结+中考精炼：专题一 名词

名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如：desk,desks；②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词（a/an）,many修饰,如：three boys,an apple, many students。

2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如：tea,meat；②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。

3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。

2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。

例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。

中考英语重点知识归纳名词阿舍姐姐来了，朋友们，搬板凳，认真听讲，敲黑板，开始讲。

名词( Noun)表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫做名词。

它是中考考查的重要项目之一，考查的题型很多, 有单项选择、完成句子、完形填空、综合填空等, 其中名词的数及名词所有格是中考热点。

阿希学姐15年从教经验教你「课文」+「发音」+「单词」+「语法」+「考试技巧」=〔100%〕通过「考试/考证」→【阿希英语】01名词的数1).可数名词的数:可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

表示一个人或物用单数形式;表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。

(1)规则名词的复数形式：①一般在词尾加s。

如:lake--lakes, book--books, pen--pens, map--maps, flower--flowers, ruler--rulers.②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es。

如: box--boxes, class--classes, dish--dishes, watch--watches③以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变i再加es。

但以元音字母+ y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加S。

如:family--families, baby--babies, boy--boys, toy-- toys.④以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾直接加s。

如: radio- radios photo- photos piano-pianos但在初中阶段常考的三个以o结尾的名词变复数时要加es: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes(英雄).⑤以f或fe结尾的名词，复数形式多数是变f或fe为v,再加es。

初中阶段常考的有9个，如:wife--wives, knife--knives, wolf--wolves, thief--thieves, shelf--shelves, self--selves, life--lives, half--halves, leaf--leaves这9个单词可以编成一段顺口溜来记忆：妻子执刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光；但也有直接加s的。

书面表达旨在测试考生的英语书面表达能力，考查学生是否能够运用所学过的语言知识和语言技能进行思想表达和交流。

试题对写作的目的、对象、题材、体裁及词数都有明确的要求，提供给学生的提示性材料包含文字、图画或者图表等。

《北京市中考说明》对于学生“写”的能力做了如下要求：1. 能正确使用大小写字母和标点符号。

2. 能够运用所学词汇、语法和所学句型，按照题目要求写出一篇不少于50词的文章。

能够简单描述人物、场所、活动或事件。

3. 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。

4. 能就常见话题陈述事实，表达观点、情感和态度等。

5. 能正确使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。

写作前1. 认真读题，正确选题；自2019年，北京市中考英语作文出现了比较大的变化：学生可以从命题者所出的两道题目中任选一个来写作。

两道题目出题形式基本上与往年一样，要求考生根据题目所提供的信息、提示语和三个问题来完成写作任务。

那么，考生应该怎样来选题，以促使测试成绩达到最优化呢？一般来讲，做好书面表达需要两个条件：考生对该话题内容的熟悉程度（背景知识）和相对应的英语知识和技能（语言支持）。

鉴于此，考生应根据自身对相关话题的熟悉程度（比如以前是否写过类似作文）、对与该话题有关的英语知识的积累的多少（对于该话题能够拟出多少个重要句型、短语和谚语）以及能够利用本题目提供的语言支持的程度（在多大程度上能够利用题目所给的英语提示语）来选择。

2. 认真审题，审体裁（记叙文?说明文?应用文?议论文?）、审主题（抓住要点，切忌跑题）、审题型;3. 审时态和人称;4. 根据中文提示，找出要点，判断功能，确定该功能所对应的时态、重要句型、短语或者谚语、格言等。

写作中1. 充分利用拟好的提纲，开始写作；2. 每个要点最好分解成两个分要点，以免太单薄；3. 尽量使用比较复杂的句子结构，比如并列句和复合句等；4. 尽量使用比较丰富的词汇和表达方式；5. 使用自己最有把握、最熟悉的词句；6. 充分利用提示语和自己拟出的句型、短语、谚语等来完整地回答三个问题，避免跑题。

准确获取文章事实或细节信息是深入理解文章的基础，是重要的阅读技能。

《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）对初中毕业生提出了阅读技能标准，其中就有“能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息”的明确要求。

获取细节信息能力是中考重点考查的阅读技能之一，在中考阅读题中占较大比重。

2014年北京市中考英语试卷有10道考查获取细节信息的阅读题目，占20分；2015年和2016年北京市中考英语试卷都有11道阅读题目考查细节信息，占22分。

可见，对于初中毕业生来说，在阅读中获取细节信息能力是最基础、最重要的阅读能力，它在中考中占有很大分值，考生一定要充分重视。

此类题目的命题思路是考查考生在文章中获取如人物（who）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、数量多少（how many）、结果（result）等具体事实性信息或对细节信息判断正误的能力，属于阅读中较易题目，但要求考生要足够细心、耐心阅读、仔细甄别选项，这样才能确保正确答题。

解答获取细节信息类题目，应首先从问题入手，准确理解题目含义，先明确要查找什么具体信息，如考查时间（when）还是考查原因（why），再带着具体问题阅读文章，在文章中仔细查找所需信息，可边阅读边勾画出需要查找的细节信息，最后再次细读，比对各个选项，选出正确答案。

此类题目属于较易题目，不会设置太大障碍，大多可以直接在文章中找到所需信息。

此外，保持良好的心态也非常重要。

同学们要有信心，相信自己只要认真阅读文章，就一定可以找到线索，查找到答案。

Passage 1（2014·北京）Have you ever wondered what goes through your mind when you choose where to sit in a new classroom? Or in a waiting room full of strangers? Or on a bus? Researchers have found out some interesting facts.Perhaps unsurprisingly, we prefer to sit closer to people like ourselves. Girls sit by girls and boys sit by boys. Adults sit together and young people choose another young person to sit near. But it goes further than this. We even choose to sit near someone who looks like us. People with glasses are more likely to sit near other people with glasses. People with long hair sit closer to other people with long hair.1. From the passage, we know that people prefer sitting by someone who .A. is like themselvesB. has a sense of humorC. is open-mindedD. lives an exciting lifeAPassage 2（2014·北京）Billy’s favorite color is orange. But he can’t see what orange looks like. Billy is blind.A month after he was born, his mother noticed that his eyes weren’t quite as big as a normal baby’s. “Billy would never be able to see，” the doctor told his mother. After that Billy’s mother beg an talking to him, describing things she saw. She told him what she was cooking,or what she saw outside the window. She described everything to him.Billy does not only depend on his mother’s descriptions to learn about the world around him. He sees wit h his ears and his hands, too. He has perfect hearing. When people make phone calls, he can tell the numbers they dial（拨）.1. How did Billy’s mother help him?A. By teaching him how to draw.B. By asking teachers for advice.C. By describing everything to him.D. By sending him to his dream school.CPassage 3（2015·北京）Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.If you follow these steps below, you’ll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It’s easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as:...1. According to the passage, we should first .A. do some research onlineB. make a plan for lunchC. decide on a museum to visitD. choose a friend to go withCPassage 4（2016·北京）Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies（喜剧）best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.When he heard about the talent show to be held at this school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage （舞台）before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but sill y，” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do，” another boy also said to him, loudly.Brian couldn’t understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show.Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were prou d of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn’t understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.1. Brian decided to prepare for the show because .A. his friends liked his jokesB. he was invited by a TV stationC. he wasn’t busy acting in moviesD. Ken was expecting his performanceAPassage 5（2016·北京）Which hand do you use when you write?About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward （别扭的）.In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their toolsCPassage 1（2014·东城一模）Christian Bucks may be young, but he surely knows how to be a good friend. When the York, Pennsylvania, second-grader noticed that some of his schoolmates didn’t have anyone to pla y with during break time, he came up with a way to help them. He suggested having something called a “buddy bench” put in on his school’s playground.A buddy bench is a special bench where students can sit if they are feeling bored or lonely. It’s usual ly brightly colored with “BUDDY BENCH” in big letters. Other students can then go to the bench and ask them if they would like to play or talk.“We show we care about others when we ask others to play，” Christian told reporters.1. Christian Bucks suggested having a buddy bench to help .A. his teachersB. his studentsC. his parentsD. his schoolmatesDPassage 2（2015·海淀一模）Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask for next-day delivery! Each day, more and more people try online shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.People are surprised to hear this. “They think，‘I don’t need to drive, and the business doesn’t need to build a store, so there will be less pollution，’” says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. “But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution. ”In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by 33 percent between 1986 and 1997. “Onlin e shopping could have similarly negative effects，” says Nevil Cohen, a professor of environmental science.Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy products such as televisions, computers, and furniture. These products need to be packed in large amounts of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.1. Why does online shopping create a lot of waste?A. Because companies charge more for product returns.B. Because people buy too many things they don’t need.C. Because paper use has increased by 33 percent from 1986 to 1997.D. Because large, heavy products require much packing material.DPassage 3（2016·海淀一模）Living next to next is the principle（原则）of a neighbor. Good neighborliness is the ideal to be aimed at. As the saying goes, no man is an island; he has to live with his neighbors. To make life easy and pleasant, he must cooperate with his neighbors.Whether one likes it or not, one cannot do without neighbors. Normally he may think one can do without neighbors because he can manage all comforts and services, so the services or the need for a friend may not happen. However, the sympathy（同情）, admiration and appreciation which a neighbor may offer will have a great humanizing influence. To share one’s view and sometimes even sadness, one needs some neighbors.But all neighbors are not always keeping the friendly relationship. Stresses and tension（紧张）develop because of misunderstanding. Very often children may be the cause for tense feelings. The neighbor’s son may pick a flower or a fruit fr om your garden and an argument may follow. Again he may throw his ball at your window, breaking it. These are common cases so far as the younger one is concerned but it is for the elders to view them with calmness and make up for it. This may read easily on paper but not so in real life. But being broad-minded, one must be able to tolerate（容忍）. Another reason for tension may be the animals. Your neighbor’s dog may be a real trouble or his chickens would come into your garden and eat away your plants.1. Which of the following may cause misunderstanding?A. Hobbies and habits.B. Children and pets.C. Sports and games.D. Likes and dislikes.BPassage 4（2014·朝阳一模）You’re buying a used car, moving into a new house, or deciding which doctor should treat your illness. These are times when you need to get directly to the core （核心）of an important matter.Asking general questions gets little valuable information and may even result in unreal answers, says Julia Minson, a visiting scholar in decision science at the University of Pennsylvania in the US. The best way, says Minson, is to ask a lot of questions that discover there are problems.Let’s say someone is selling a used iPod. An example of a general question is “What can you tell me about it?” A positive-assumption （正面推测）question is “There aren’t any problems with it, right?” But a negative-assumption question, such as “What problems have you had with it?” will get the most honest answer, found Minson and her team.In a study，87% of the sellers warned the buyers of problems when asked a negative- assumption question, while 59% of those did the same thing to a positive-assumption one.When you want the truth, you have to ask for it. What problems does this car have? What are the worst parts of this job? How many people with my kind of illness have been successfully treated? Your questions should communicate that you are sure there will be difficulties and that you want to know about them.1. What can we do if we want the truth, according to the passage?A. Ask for it ourselves.B. Talk with honest people.C. Study it ourselves.D. Do some experiments.APassage 5（2016·通州二模）Teenage life is interesting, adventurous（冒险的）and difficult. Teenagers have to go through many problems. It may probably be a family problem or a school problem. It is important to learn how to deal with those problems.Be grateful（感激的）of your parents’ support. When you have a problem, ask your parents to support you. When a child is thirteen, he feels like he has grown up. As a part of a family, teenagers do not want their parents to involve in their personal activities and they think they are able to be independent（独立的）.It is very normal and parents should also cooperate（合作）with their kids. They should try to get to know what their child needs. Sometimes a child may be hesitating（犹豫）to tell something but they should try to know what the matter is. Parents’ support is the greatest support for a teenager.Learn to live in society.Society plays a very important role in everyone’s life. What teenagers see from society has a big influence on their characters.As a teenager, you should know what is wrong and what is right. Never be impatient in making a decision. Always keep cool and calm（沉着的）, take advice from your parents and you will make a good decision. Don’t let the ba d things of society influence you. Instead, get to learn good things from society.Learn from school. School is like a second home. We learn a lot from our school, and at the same time, it is the hardest part of a teenager’s life.·First are the stud ies. You should know what you want to do. Don’t come under pressure in making choices.·Learn to take your own stand（立场）. If you don’t do well in exams, don’t feel broken. Be strong-minded and spend more time on your studies.·Share your problems with your friends. Your friends are always ready to help. If you are confused in your life, talk about what you’ve done and what you want to do with your friends.1. When teenagers make a decision, they should .A. know their parents’ needsB. be impatientC. do it by themselvesD. keep calmDPassage 1There! I have drawn the chairs into the right corners and dusted the room nicely. How cold papa and mamma will be when they return from their long ride! It is not time to toast the bread yet, and I am tired of reading.What shall I do? Somehow I can’t help thinking about the pale face of that beggar girl all the time. I can see the glad light filling her eyes, just as plain as I did when I laid the dime in her little dirty hand.How much I had thought of that dime, too!Grandpa gave it to me, Mary Williams, a whole month ago, and I had kept it ever since in my red box upstairs, but those sugar apples looked so beautiful, and were so cheap—only a dime a piece—that I made up my mind to have one.1. Who gave the dime to the beggar girl?A. Mary’s mamma.B. Mary’s papa.C. Mary’s grandpa.D. Mary.DPassage 2Now everyone can read it and see it! The Internet is taking over the way we view the world—from news, to communication, to shopping... Will the Internet make our global society more equal, giving everyone an equal chance to findout what need to know and in turn get their message out there?The Internet has taken away a great deal of business away from traditional forms of media, especially newspapers. Instead of buying a newspaper and reading yesterday’s news, people can go online and find out what happened in the last few hours, and for free too! This has resulted in many newspapers going bankrupt and most newspapers, especially local papers, have been bought by big syndicates. Many journalists are concerned that the quality of the news published has come down as many newspapers cut costs. Also, they are concerned that too many newspapers are now owned by the same companies and so there are not really that many different views and ideas being expressed.1. Newspapers have declined in their influence now, because.A. there is always some untrue news in the newspapersB. the newspapers can’t provide the latest newsC. people can get free information from the InternetD. most people don’t care about news at allCPassage 3One winter Sunday, my little sister, Colleen, and I built the greatest snowman ever. We gave him a traditional carrot nose, a cool hat, a comfortable scarf and gloves on the end of his stick arms. He was a masterpiece.The next morning when looking outside, we smiled lovingly at him over our meal. We gave him a high-five as we passed by on our way to school. A lot of kids went past our house, so he was the hot topic at our school that morning. My sister and I generously shared our professional snowman-building suggestions and techniques with our classmates.The day dragged on until finally we could rush home. But as our yard came into sight, we saw somethi ng wasn’t right. The snowman was gone! We only found a broken stick here, a torn glove there and balls of snow everywhere. Worst of all, the snowman’s carrot nose lay limp and half-eaten. What had happened?1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the three paragraphs?A. Many kids went to the writer’s house to see the snowman.B. My brother and I made a lovely snowman one winter Sunday.C. The classmates asked them for advice on making a great snowman.D. It was a pleasure for the writer to share their skills about snowman-building.DPassage 4You may have heard the music and dancing from the other side of the world when Carnival happened in Rio, Brazil. On Feb 5, the festival officially began, lasting until Feb 10. So why does this colorful event’s energy （活力）continue to excite people from all over the world?Carnival is a crazy six-day celebration that happens around 40 days before the Christian （基督徒的）Easter festival. It happens at the hottest time in summer in Rio and marks the time before the start of Lent, a time when Christians are supposed to give up doing things they like. Those who take part in Carnival are allowed to have fun by enjoying themselves as much as possible. They dance, wear colorful costumes and have a great time.Carnival time has a soundtrack （配乐）of samba music, a type of music that is completely Brazilian. During Carnival, the 14 best samba schools in Rio are each given the chance to show off their music and dancing, joined by 200 to 400 drummers （鼓手）.And it’s not just the locals who entertain the crowds. According to Lonely Planet, some of the schools are “open to travelers who may be passing through town and are prepared to practice for weeks, learn a song, buy a brightly-colored costume and wear it i n front of tens of thousands of people”.In the end, judges decide who brought the best dance moves, looks, words and heart to Carnival. And the winner is the pride of Brazil.1. What do you know about Rio Carnival from the article?A. Both locals and travelers enjoy the Carnival excitedly.B. It happens at the coldest time in winter in Rio.C. People sing and dance with samba music in common clothes.D. Nobody cares about the winner of the Carnival.APassage 5Why do people want to go to university? For some, it is the desire to learn. At university, you will be taught by lecturers and professors who may be leading figures in their fields of study or at the forefront of their field of research. The opportunity to learn from and to discuss and interact with these leading academics is what drives some people to apply to university. For others, going to university provides the all-important stepping-stone for their careers, especially amongst certain professions like medicine and engineering, where obtaining a university degree in the relevant field is the minimum requirement. However, for the majority of Western people, university means freedom from home.In most British and American universities, students live in halls or dormitories, especially in their first year. Whether you are living on your own in an ensuite room or in a shared flat with five other strangers, your bedroom is now your personal space and many people like to decorate it in such a way that will reflect their tastes and values. Many students have to learn to share facilities like bathrooms and kitchens whilst others may have their own fridge or microwave. Either way, this is the time when you learn to develop your own personal living space whilst pulling your weight and sharing the responsibility for keeping shared areas clean. You may not get on well with everyone you meet. People often have different habits and circumstances which may affect the way they live. However, university is a time when you learn to look after yourself, to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.1. Which is NOT the reason for people to go to university?A. To study all kinds of knowledge from professors.B. To learn some skills to get ready for future work.C. To get away from home and never return.D. To learn to take care of themselves and live independently.C《义务教育英语课程标准》（2011年版）对初中毕业生明确提出了“能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义”的阅读技能标准要求。

初三中考英语名词知识点归纳名词是中考的常考点也是必考点，所以初三的学生要好好掌握这一个知识点了。

小编为大家准备了一些相关的资料，一起来看看吧!名词的所有格名词的所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。

(1) 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加“’s”，其复数形式是“s’”。

例如：a student’s roomstudents’ roomsfather’s shoes(2) 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加“’s”。

例如：Children’s Day(3)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用“’s”。

例如：a twenty minutes’ walkten miles’ journeya boat’s lengthtwo pounds’ weightten dollars’ worth(4)无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。

例如：a map of Chinathe end of this termthe capital of our countrythe color of the flowers(5)双重所有格。

例如：a friend of my father’s名词的数(1) 可数名词的单数和复数。

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“ s”构成，其主要变法如下：①一般情况在词尾加“ s”。

例如：doctor→doctors②以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词加“ es”。

例如：bus→busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesb rush→brushes③以ce，se，ze，(d)ge结尾的名词加“ s”。

例如：orange→orangessize→sizes④以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加“ es”。

例如：factory→factories但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加“ s”。

例如：boy→boys⑤以o结尾的词多数都加“ es”。

名词名词是我们在英语学习中最先接触到的一类词。

任何一个题,一篇文章都离不开名词,在中考试题中直接考查名词书写的部分有很多：在听力部分要求写出月份、星期、地点、国家等名词的题占1分，在10分的完形填空题中考查意义相近的名词的辨析的占3分，阅读与表达部分涉及的名词占4～5分，写作部分更是考查考生对名词掌握的广度与深度。

在北京市历届中考语法试题中直接考查名词的部分就占到11分之多,其次，对名词的准确掌握更是理解文章的关键。

由此可见，名词的掌握有多么重要！2014年—2016年北京市中考有关名词的测试考点分析：2014年2015年2016年17. table 18。

City 19。

Park 20。

bathroom35. A。

vegetableB. milkC. breadD。

fish 42. A。

loveB。

successC.16. Nick 17. River18。

eggs 19。

milk31。

A。

baseballB。

cardsC. chessD.toys36. A。

attention B.messageC. praiseD。

trust39. A. choice16。

Toby 17. party18. house19。

Friday31. A. timeB。

moneyC. energyD. food32。

A. flowersB.sunglassesC. glovesD.chocolates35。

A. secretB. choiceC。

dreamD. task44. A. a picnicB. a concertC。

a footballgameD. a flower show48。

A。

successB。

happinessfriendshipD。

honor45. A. cameraB.umbrellaC。

appleD. boxB。

homeworkC。

speechD。

decision41。

第一讲名词考点分析名词是中考的常考点也是必考点，主要考查学生是否掌握名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化、可数名词和不可数名词的区分及不可数名词的运用，以及名词所有格的运用、名词词义的辨析等。

高频考点一：名词的单复数变化，主要涉及以下考点：1. 可数名词复数的判断。

2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。

3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词＋数量词＋of。

高频考点二名词的所有格，主要涉及以下考点：1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用­'s。

2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词。

3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and B's”。

4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“A's and B's”。

高频考点三：名词词义的辨析，主要涉及以下考点：1.语境辨析。

2. 近义词辨析。

3. 固定搭配。

熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。

高频考点四：名词作定语，主要涉及以下考点：1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。

2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。

3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“­”)＋名词单数。

纵观近几年名词的中考考题，试题大多分布在词汇应用、单项选择以及书面表达中，我们只要掌握了试题特点，抓住试题考点，就能给出正确答案，所以在今后的复习中，我们必须紧扣高频考点，进行专项练习。

知识梳理考点剖析☆聚焦高频高频考点剖析一名词的数一、可数名词的复数1.名词变复数的规则形式1).一般情况下直接加s如：book------books ，cup-----cups2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es 如：city-------cities ，family-----families3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es如：bus-----buses ，wish------wishes ，watch------watches4).以o结尾的多数加s初中阶段只有三个单词加es如：tomato-----tomatoes，potato------potatoes ，hero-----heroes（我们可以用一句话记忆：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato））5).以f或fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变成v再加es 如：leaf----leaves，self---selves，shelf----shelves，life----lives，thief---thieves .（我们可以用一句话记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀牛（calf）；架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）忙））2.名词变复数的不规则形式（1）man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice（2）单复同形如：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese（我们可以用一句话记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）来聚会，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、鱼（fish）、牛（cattle）齐齐把家回）（3）与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women. 如：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen（我们可以用一句话记忆：男士(man)、女士(woman)a变e;鹅(goose)牙(tooth)脚(foot)双o 双e;孩子们(child)想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n）二、不可数名词的复数不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。