2017年10月英语二试题及答案

2017年10月自考英语二自考真题及答案1、81．Some birds are flying ________ the lake. What a beautiful picture! [单选题] *A．forB．underC．inD．above(正确答案)2、Boys and girls, please _______ your favorite book here and show it to us next class. [单选题] *A. bring(正确答案)B. sellC. buyD. take3、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve4、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)5、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as6、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told7、My daughter is neither slim nor fat and she’d like a _______ skirt. [单选题] *A. largeB. medium(正确答案)C. smallD. mini8、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with9、10．﹣Could you please sweep the floor？I’m going to cook dinner．﹣__________．I’ll do it at once，Mom．[单选题] *A．I’m afraid notB．You’re kiddingC．It’s a shameD．My pleasure(正确答案)10、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法11、Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their life, but is that the only reason _____ they go to school? [单选题] *A. why(正确答案)B. whichC. becauseD. what12、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to13、—What were you doing when the rainstorm came?—I ______ in the library with Jane. （）[单选题] *A. readB. am readingC. will readD. was reading(正确答案)14、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] *A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that(正确答案)15、Mom, I need you ______ me a pencil box.（）[单选题] *A. buyB. buyingC. to buy(正确答案)D. to buying16、My English teacher has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. storiesB. suggestions(正确答案)C. messagesD. practice17、He studied harder to _______ his reading skills. [单选题] *A. improve(正确答案)B. rememberC. memorizeD. forget18、Marie is a _______ girl.She always smiles and says hello to others. [单选题] *A. shyB. friendly(正确答案)C. healthyD. crazy19、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地20、Which animal do you like _______, a cat, a dog or a bird? [单选题] *A. very muchB. best(正确答案)C. betterD. well21、57．Next week will be Lisa's birthday. I will send her a birthday present ________ post. [单选题] *A．withB．forC．by(正确答案)D．in22、The language school started a new（）to help young learners with reading and writing. [单选题] *A. course(正确答案)B. designC. eventD. progress23、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter24、13．—Will you come to my party?—I am not ________ . [单选题] *A．mindB．sure(正确答案)C．happyD．Sorry25、90．—I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ________. —A map is helpful,I think. [单选题] *A．price(正确答案)B．timeC．wayD．ticket26、I didn't hear _____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting. [单选题] *A. what did he sayB. what he had said(正确答案)C. what he was sayingD. what to say27、—_____ are the Olympic Games held? —Every four years [单选题] *A. How longB. How often(正确答案)C. How soonD. How far28、You can't rely on Jane as she is _____ changing her mind and you will never know what she is going to do next. [单选题] *A. occasionallyB. rarelyC. scarcelyD. constantly(正确答案)29、During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ ameal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [单选题] *A. shareB. to share(正确答案)C. having sharedD. shared30、I like booking tickets online，because it is _______. [单选题] *A. boringB. confidentC. convenient(正确答案)D. expensive。

2017年考研英语二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed.6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans.Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential, ”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing.Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster.Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A. gained great popularityB. created many jobsC. strengthened community tiesD. become an official festival22.The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A. boost population growthB. promote sport participationC. improve the city's imageD. increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A. aims at discovering talentsB. focuses on mass competitionC. does not emphasize elitismD. does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.A. organize "grassroots" sports eventsB. supervise local sports associationsC. increase funds for sports clubsD. invest in public sports facilities25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A. tolerantB. criticalC. uncertainD. sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promotemaximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device －it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the “still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it －particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.A. simplify routine mattersB. absorb user attentionC. better interpersonal relationsD. increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices ______.A. takes away babies’appetiteB. distracts children’s attentionC. slows down babies’verbal developmentD. reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment”to show that _______.A. it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB. verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC. children are insensitive to changes in their parents’moodD. parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A. protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB. teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC. ensure constant interaction with their childrenD. remain concerned about kid's use of screens30.According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A. give their parents some free timeB. make their parents more creativeC. help them with their homeworkD. help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.A. they think it academically misleadingB. they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC. it feels strange to do differently from othersD. it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.A. keep students from being unrealisticB. lower risks in choosing careersC. ease freshmen’s financial burdensD. relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para.3）is closest in meaning to_____.A. adaptationB. applicationC. motivationD. competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A. avoid academic failuresB. establish long-term goalsC. switch to another collegeD. decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A. In Favor of the Gap YearB. The ABCs of the Gap YearC. The Gap Year Comes BackD. The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says.Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A. exhausted unprecedented management effortsB. consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC. severely damaged the ecology of western statesD. caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A. raise more funds for fire-prone areasB. avoid the redirection of federal moneyC. find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD. guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A. public debates have not settled yetB. fire-fighting conditions are improvingC. other factors should not be overlookedD. a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.A. discover the fundamental makeup of natureB. explore the mechanism of the human systemsC. maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD. understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A. do away withB. come to terms withC. pay a price forD. keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump."We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every lennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love workingwith tools.I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the lennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013.When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College."There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility."Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives," she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)46.My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities.But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream -I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!Section IV WritingPart A51 Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students.Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ”instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)52.Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)参考答案1. C 空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项, 应该选择warning。

2017年10月自考英语（二）真题自一、阅读判断下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

My Writing TeacherEnglish writing was always easy for me,but that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs.Johnson’s class.Before that,I’d heard rumors from former students.They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass.So I was very nervous.The first time we met,Mrs.Johnson told us her class would be difficult,but she would give us new“tools”and guide us through.She explained that her grading system was different,and that we would not see high scores soon.“Everything you do in class matters,”she said.“As writing is an art,it takes a long time to perfect.”Mrs.Johnson scared me.I was afraid of what she would say if I asked a question.So in class I kept silent most of the time and couldn’t follow her.When I got my first essay back, my grade was terrible.I was annoyed with Mrs.Johnson.I disliked going to her class.Then I realized I needed to find out what I could do to improve my grade and how to use the“tools”in my writing.As I still didn’t dare to talk to Mrs.Johnson in person,I e-mailed her.In this way,she and I worked together to improve my writing.By and by,I could talk to her both online and in person.She walked me through every step to understand how to write an essay.Together we saw improvement in my work.From this I discovered that asking for help could actually work.Behind everything Mrs. Johnson was saying,she actually cared about me and where I would be in the future.She knocked me down so that I could climb back stronger.1.I was worried when I was in Mrs.Johnson’s first class.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given自2.Mrs.Johnson used the same grading system as other teachers.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 3.Mrs.Johnson regarded writing as an art.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 4.I was active in class in the beginning.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 5.Most students enjoyed Mrs.Johnson’s class.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 6.I got a high score for my first essay.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 7.Mrs.Johnson preferred to email students.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 8.Mrs.Johnson let me improve my writing by myself.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 9.I finally became a top student in the writing class.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 10.Mrs.Johnson cared about my future.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given 二、阅读选择阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A 、B 、C 、D ）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

2017 年考研英语二Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technologyis replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world willbedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wastelandof a different sort，one 4 by purposelessnes：s Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today ’s unemployed don ’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who havebeen unemployed for at least a year report having depressio，n double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of ajobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without workwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployedin a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for thefuture of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potentia，l”says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people usetheir free time to counterbalancethe intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day ’，s w I o o f r t k e n feel 18 ，”Danahersay，sadding，“Ina world in which I don’thave to work ，I might feel rather different ”pe—rhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passionproject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated12.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside3.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically4.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles5.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course6.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield7.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship8.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce9.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats10.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved11.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into12.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved inproviding common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and themoney to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all theseactivities in schools. But successivegovernments have presided over selling greenspaces, s queezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport ineducation. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more toprovide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.13. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival14. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____.A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools15. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers16.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____.A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities17. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children ’s use of screens, it'o sr e p a a s r y e n f ts to forgetabout their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in, ”says Je Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promotemaximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-overinto the family routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she sawthat phonesbecame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents ’faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiv—e as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still faceexperiment ”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother ’a sttention. "Parents don'thave to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parentsneed to be responsive and sensitive to a child ’s verbal or nonverbaal nexpressions of emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' useof screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting ”with their children: n a“s o I m t e’w s h a b t a f s a e n d t a o s i z e d, verywhite, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’refailing to expose yourchild to 30,000 words you are neglecting them. ”Tronick believes that just because a child isn ’t learning from the screen doesn ’n ot v m a e l u a e n t t o h e i t r－e pa’r ticsularly ifit gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friendor get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then bemore available to their child the rest of the time.18. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency19. Radesky’s fo-otdesting exercise shows that mothers ’use of devices ______. A．takes away babies ’appetiteB．distracts children ’s attentionC．slows down babies ’verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication20. Radesky’s c i t e th s e“still face experiment ”to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents ’moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs21. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens22.According to Tronick, kid ’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunctionwith increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes studentstocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? Andafter going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isn ’t academic.But while this may be true, it ’s not a good enough reason g t o a p c o y n e d a e r s m.nThere's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line, ”whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does nothinder the success of academic pursui－t s in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yearare generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who donot. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparingthem for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes－all thingsthat first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessenthe blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to exploreinterests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According tothe National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students endup changing their majors at least once. This isn ’s turprising, considering the basicmandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselveslisting one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It ’n s o t necessarily a bad thing, but depending on theschool, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. AtBoston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.23. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses24. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen ’s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures25. The word “acclimatio（n Lin”e 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition26. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major27. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentageit spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkee－p that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“’Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholecountry, ” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a min this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on l o-w h a e z r ardparts of the landscape? ”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over thepast decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earthfrom greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn ’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“Thehuman systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and theinteractions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "anoverly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problemand of what the solution is becomes very limited. ”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitudecrucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’vdeisconnected ourselves from living with fire, B”a lch says. “Itis reallyimportant to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with firetoday. ”28. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure29. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds30. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____.A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place31. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____.A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature32. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left columnto its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers －and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another majorhurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were contentto work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.[A] says that he switched to electricalengineering because he loves working with41．Jay Deuwelltools。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is nodifferent, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology bereplacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will bedefined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses willstruggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland ofa different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 ,people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seemto be having a g reat time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans whohave been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the ratefor 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates ofmortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-agedpeople is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work wouldbe filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in asociety built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designedwith other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the futureof labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobsDanaher,are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use theirfree time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a come home from a hard day’s work, I often feelperhaps differentworld in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usuallyreserved for 20 matters.1．[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring【答案】[C] warning2．[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 【答案】[A] inequality3．[A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction【答案】[D] prediction4．[A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured【答案】[A] characterized5．[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom【答案】[B] meaning6．[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 【答案】[B] Indeed7．[A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated【答案】[C] working8．[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 【答案】[A] explanation9．[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among【答案】[D] among10．[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 【答案】[C] worry about11．[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically【答案】[C] necessarily12．[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 【答案】[B] downsides13．[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course【答案】[A] absence14．[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield【答案】[D] yield15．[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship【答案】[C] virtue16．[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 【答案】[D] scarce17．[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats【答案】[A] demands18．[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved【答案】[B] tired19．[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into【答案】[D] into20．[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D]interpersonal【答案】[B] professionalSectionII Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on the A NSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Sat urday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km aroundtheir local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and hasinspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousandsof volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times rangefrom Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level anation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doingweekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012—but the generalpopulation was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an acceleratingrate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport aweek have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Officialretrospections continue as to why Lon don 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethoswelcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clappedover the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dualaim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating fornewcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planningof such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities ingreen spaces,schools. But successive governments have presided over sellingsqueezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to providethe conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival【答案】[A] gained great popularity.22. The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy” has failed to[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B] promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers【答案】[C] does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D] invest in public sports facilities.25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympathetic【答案】[B] criticalText 2Wit h so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine. ”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phonesbec ame a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.orld, and if thoseInfants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their wfaces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—itcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. Init, amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parent have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parentsneed to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned th a t the worries about kids’ use ofscreens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shouldalways be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if y ou’re failing to expose yourbec ause achild to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that justparticularly ifchild isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friendor get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then bemore available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______.[A] simplify routine matters[B] absorb user attention[C] better interpersonal relations[D] increase work efficiency【答案】[B] absorb user attention-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______.27.Radesky’s food[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attentiondevelopment[C] slows down babies’ verbal[D] reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D] reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] ensure constant interaction with their children[D] remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C] ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.[A] give their parents some free time[B] make their parents more creative[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentive【答案】[A] give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’after going to school for 12 ye ars, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does nothinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yearare generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing themfor independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen theblow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand newenvironment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to theNational Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end upchanging their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding ofthemselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. AtBoston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on..31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that[A] they think it academically misleading[B] they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C] it feels strange to do differently from others[D] it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C] it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A] keep students from being unrealistic[B] lower risks in choosing careers[C] ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D] relieve freshmen of pressures.33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to[A] adaptation[B] application[C] motivation[D] competition【答案】[A] adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A] avoid academic failures[B] establish long-term goals[C] switch to another college[D] decide on the right major【答案】[D] decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be .[A] In Favor of the Gap Year[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year[C] The Gap Year Comes Back[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】[A] In Favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency ofwildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, saysProfessor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on suchefforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards thesuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resourcesagency’s other work—management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholea minute,country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate onlower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire, researchers say.For one thing, conver sat ions about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the pastdecade, the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go“The human systems andboth ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly sim view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what thesolution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be whollycontrolled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the Universityof Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with firetoday.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they .[A] exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C] severely damaged the ecology of western states[D] caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B] consumed a record-high percentage of budget.37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to[A] raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B] avoid the redirection of federal money[C] find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D] guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A] public debates have not settled yet[B] fire-fighting conditions are improving[C] other factors should not be overlooked[D] a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C] other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A] discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B] explore the mechanism of the human systems[C] maximize the role of landscape in human life[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D] understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A] do away with[B] come to terms with[C] pay a price for[D] keep away from【答案】[B] come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly fromDonald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, whiledefending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hitmanufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: insteadof having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competitionand outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands ofretiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking theirplace, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upwardsays Jaypressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may becoming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that arealso doing an well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high schooljuniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipmentthat his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of hisnearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-collegestudents enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hourthat rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered bythe copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school heconsidered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love work wit h tools. I love creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another majorhurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the GreatDepression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father an mother both were laid off. They blame it on the m anufacturing recession,” says BirgitKlohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for westernMichigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortagesfirst appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilllevels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,says Rob Spohr, a business profes sor at Montcalm Community College. “There’reenough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t nee have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is. ”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennialsinto manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to worklong hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.[A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he lovesworking with tools.41. Jay Deuwell [B] points out that there are eno ugh people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.42. JasonStenquist[C] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anything anymore.43. Birgit Klohs [D] believes that it is important to keep a close eye on the age of his workers.44. Rob Spohr [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.45.Julie Parks [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.[G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.【答案】41 [E] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42 [A] says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43 [G] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44 [B] points out that there are enough people to fill t he jobs that don’t need much skill45 [F] points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it ,—I knew that no one because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dreamcould imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for somefashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。

2017年10月自考英语二(00015)试题及答案英语(二)试卷(课程代码00015)选择题区第一部分:阅读判断(第1~10题,每题1分,共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑My Writing Teacher我的写作老师English writing was always easy for me, but that changed on the first day I walked into Mrs. Johnson's class. Before that, I'd heard rumors from former students. They said she was strict and her class was hard to pass. So I was very nervous英语写作对我来说是容易的，但改变的第一天，我走进约翰逊老师的课。

在这之前，我听过以前学生的谣言。

他们说她很严厉，她的课很难及格。

所以我很紧张The first time we met, Mrs. Johnson told us her class would be difficult but she would give us new "tools" and guide us through. She explained that her grading system was different, and that we would not see high scores soon. Everything you do in class matters, "she said. "As writing is an art, it takes a long time to perfect.我们第一次见面的时候，约翰逊夫人告诉我们，她的课很难但是她会给我们新的“工具”，引导我们通过。

综合英语(二)2017 年 10 真题试题及答案解析(00795)1、the government will do at the critical moment is try all ways to reduce the unemployment rate.A、ThatB、WhatC、HowD、This试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：本句意为：政府在关键时刻要做的就是尽一切努力减少失业率。

本句为 what 引导的主语从句，在从句中充当宾语。

2、Technology has greatly improved and now this type of car is produced and sold at a price can afford.A、an average personB、that an average person whoC、and an average personD、an average person who试题答案：[['A']]试题解析：an average person could afford 是定语从句，修饰 price, 其前省略了关系代词 that 。

3、Not until he shouted“help!”at the top of this voice her head.A、the girl turnedB、that the girl turnedC、did the girl turnD、had the girl turned试题答案：[['C']]试题解析：否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装，在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 to be 可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。

4、The rumor of his bribery came as quite a surprise he had a reputation for being a government official of high dignity.A、soB、becauseC、althoughD、if试题答案：[['B']]试题解析：本句意为：关于他受贿的传闻令人吃惊，因为他是以一位有尊严的政府官员而闻名。

自考英语二2017年10月真题和答案1、How beautiful the flowers are! Let’s take some _______. [单选题] *A. photos(正确答案)B. potatoesC. paintingsD. tomatoes2、14．Builders have pulled down many old houses, and they will build a lot of new ________. [单选题] *A．ones (正确答案)B．oneC．the onesD．the one3、89．The blackboard is ________ the classroom. [单选题] *A．nextB．betweenC．in front ofD．in the front of(正确答案)4、Don’t read in bed. It’s _______ your eyes. [单选题] *A. good atB. good forC. bad atD. bad for(正确答案)5、John suggest _____ anything about it until they found out more facts. [单选题] *A not to sayB. not sayC to say notD not saying(正确答案)6、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything7、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)8、--Shall we have a swim?--Yes, let’s _______ it at 9:00 next Sunday. [单选题] *A. putB. meetC. setD. make(正确答案)9、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for10、I passed the test, I _____ it without your help. [单选题] *A.would not passB. wouldn't have passed(正确答案)C. didn't passD.had not passed11、30．I want to find ______ and make much money. [单选题] * A．worksB．jobC．a job(正确答案)D．a work12、-Do you have tickets for Friday? -Sorry, we've got _____ left. [单选题] *A. eitherB. none(正确答案)C. no oneD. neither13、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest14、He gathered his courage and went on writing music. [单选题] *A. 从事B. 靠······谋生C. 继续(正确答案)D. 致力于15、The Titanic is a nice film. I _______ it twice. [单选题] *A. sawB. seeC. have seen(正确答案)D. have saw16、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay17、We _______ play basketball after school. [单选题] *A. were used toB. used to(正确答案)C. use toD. are used to18、I want something to eat. Please give me a _______. [单选题] *A. bookB. watchC. shirtD. cake(正确答案)19、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have20、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)21、_____how to do with the trouble of the computer, Tom had to ask his brother for help. [单选题] *A.Not to knowB.Not knowing(正确答案)C.Not knownD.Not know22、It _______ him ten minutes to solve the problem. [单选题] *A. spentB. took(正确答案)C. costD. paid23、49．________ is the price of the product? [单选题] *A．HowB．How muchC．What(正确答案)D．How many24、72．I really don’t know how to thank you , but for your help, I （）my lost necklace．[单A.couldn’t have found(正确答案)B.mustn’t have foundC.couldn’t findD.wouldn’t find25、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A．surpriseB．surprising (正确答案)C．surprisedD．surprises26、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)27、They returned successfully from ______ moon to _____ earth. [单选题] *A. /; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. the; /28、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film29、I’m still unable to make myself_____in the discussion, which worries me a lot. [单选题]*A.understandB.understood(正确答案)C.understandingD.to be understood30、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions。

2017考研英语二真题+答案（缺少完型填空1-20）Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points).People have speculated for centuries about a future without work,.Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again_1_ warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_2_ inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exculsive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction _9_ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many _10_ about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the_12_of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a world without work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, Ioften feel _18_,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.1 [A]boasting [B]warning[C]denying[D]ensuring2[A]uncertainty[B]unreliability[C]instability[D]inequality3[A]policy[B]guideline[C]prediction[D]resolution4[A]measured[B]divied[C]balanced[D]characterized5[A]meaning[B]wisdom[C]glory[D]freedom6[A]indeed[B]instead[C]thus[D]nevertheless7[A]rich[B]working[C]urban[D]educated8[A]substitute[B]requirement[C]compensation[D] explanation9[A]under[B]beyond[C]among[D]alongside10[A]leave behind[B]worry about[C]make up[D]set aside11[A]atatistically[B]necessarily[C]occasionally[D]economicall12[A]downsides[B]chance[C]benefits[D]principles13[A]course[B]height[C]face[D]absence14[a]disturd[b]restore[C]yield[D]exclude15[A]model[B]virtue[C]practice[D]hardship16[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]scarce[D]mysterious17[A]threats[B]standards[C]qualities[D]demands18[A]tired[B]ignored[C]confused[D]starved19[A]off[B]against[C]into[D]behind20[A]professional[B]technological[C]educational[D]interpersonal完型填空【答案】1.B warning2.D inequality3.C prediction4.D characterized5.A meaning6.A Indeed7.B working8.D explanation9.A under10.worry about11.B necessarily12.B chances13.D absence14.C yield15.C practice16.C scarce17.D demands18. A tired19.C into20.D interpersonalSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympic would be to lever a nation of sportlovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim is mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved planing of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associat ions. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph 1 Parkrun has .[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C] strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy”has failed to .[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C] improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. ith regard to mass sports the author holds that governments should .[A] organize “grassroots” sports e vents[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what government have done for sports is .[A] tolerant[B] critical[C] uncertain[D] sympatheticText1【答案】21.A gained great popularity22.B promote sport participation23.C does not emphasize elitism24.D invest in public sports facilities25.B criticalText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during theexercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive- as they often are when absorbed in a device- it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to______.[A] absorb user attention[B] increase work efficiency[C] simplify routine matters[D] better interpersonal relations27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices______.[A] takes away babies’ appetite[B] distracts children’s attention[C] reduces mother-child communication[D] slows down babies’ verbal development28.Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that______.[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs[C] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[D] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to______.[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C] remain concerned about kids’ use of screens[D] ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may_______.[A] make their parents more creative[B] give their parents some free time[C] help them with their homework[D] help them become more attentiveText2【答案】26. A absorb user attention27. C reduces mother-child communication28. B parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.D ensure constant interaction with their children30.B give their parents some free timeText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving word often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something tha t isn’t academic.But while this may be true it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line ” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hind the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college that those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes - all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests then consider its financial impact on future academic choice. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college application, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing but depending on the school it can be closely to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston college, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is thatA. they think it academically misleadingB. they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC. it feels strange to do differently from othersD. It seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helpsA.Keep students from being unrealisticB.Lower risks in choosing careersC.Ease freshmen’s financial burdensD.Relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation” (Line 8 Para. 3) is closest in meaning toA.AdaptationB.ApplicationC.Motivationpetition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping themA. Avoid academic failuresB. Establish long-term goalC. Switch to another collegeD. Decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would beA. In Favor of the GapB. The ABCs of the Gap YearC. The Gap Year Comes BackD. The Gap Year :A DilemmaText3【答案】31.B They have a lot of fun to expect in college32.D relieve freshmen of pressure33.B adaptation34.A decide on the right major35.B In favor of the Gap YearText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of the wildfires is a national concern because of impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spend on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal finds todays are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservations, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public front other agencies are going into construction in fire—prone districts. As Moritz puts it ,how often are federal dollors building homes are likely to be lost to a widefire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure persperctive for the whole country,”he says “We need to take a manifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minitues, is this Ok?” Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concertrate on lower—hazardparts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fires, researchers say.For one thing, conversation about wildfires needs to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change —how the warning of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human system and landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go boths ways,” he says. Falling to recognize that, he notes, leads to “ an overly simplified view of what thesolutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time , people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Proffesor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing for the laws, politics, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says .“We’re disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says ,” It is really important to understand and try and trease out what is the human connection with the fire today .”36. More frequency wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they tend toA. cause a huge a rise of infrastructure expenditureB. severely damaged the ecology of western statesC. consumed a record—high percentage of budgetD. exhausted unprecendented management efforts37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” toA. raise more funds for fire-prone areasB. guarantee safer spending of public fundsC. avoid the redirection of federal moneyD. find widefire—free parts of the landscape38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes thatA. public debates have not selected yetB. fire—fighting conditions are improvingC. other factors should not be overlookedD. a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of falling toA. understand the interrelation of man and natureB. maximize the role of landscape in human lifeC.explore the mechanism of the human systemsD. discover the fundamental makeup of nature40. Professor Balch point out that fire is something man shouldA. do away withB. keep away fromC. pay a price forD. come to terms withText4【答案】36. C consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. A raise more fund for fire-prone areas38. C other factors should nod be overlooked39. A understand the interrelations of man and nature40. D come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWE SHEET.(10 minutes)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore.”he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing. American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their places. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers - and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers.”says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.”Mr Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr Roth has three community-college students enrooled in awork-placement program, with a starting wage of $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I loving creating.” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturing have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downtown since the Great Despreesion, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recessions.” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency western Michigan.There concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker strangers first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilled levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take on skill and those that require a lot of skills.” says rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a worker/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives.” she says.[A] believe that it is important to keep a close eye on the ageof his workers41. Jay Dunwell [B] says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for thelay off of the young people’s parents.42. Jason Stenquist [C] says that for factory owners, workers are harder to findbecause of stiff competition.43. Birgit Klohs [D] says that he switched to electrical engineering because heloves working with tools.44. Rob Spohs [E] points out that the US doesn’t manufacture anythinganymore.45. Julie Parks [F] points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs thatdon’t need much skill.[G] points out that a worker/life balance can attract youngpeople into manufacturing.【答案】41. Jay Dunwell 答案C says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42. Jason Stenquist 答案D says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43.44. Birgit Klohs 答案B says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.45. Rob Spohr 答案F points out there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.46. Julie Parks 答案G points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neat on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favorite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. Thi s is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”46.【答案】我总是梦想着在一个与时尚和出版相关的地方工作。