高考英语语法代词详解
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高考英语语法复习词法知识讲解一、名词中英文都有名词,英文名词与中文的主要区别是单数、复数变化。
(一)复数变化英语名词在表示复数时,需要变化。
怎么记呢?第一,先记主要变化,末尾加s。
比如books。
第二,记住哪些加es?1、以s、x、ch、sh结尾,加es。
比如boxes, bushes.为什么?因为加s从读音上无法区分。
不能是buss,而是buses [iz]。
注意:绝大多数特殊变换,都是为了读音方便,以后你会见到这条规律反复出现。
2、y结尾改为ies,比如babies,families。
为什么?因为y是半元音,有时发元音、有时发辅音,不改变形式容易造成读音错误。
(但为什么boys,monkeys又是直接加s呢?因为y前面是元音)3、f结尾改为ves,比如lives,knives。
4、o结尾的单词,一般有生命的加es。
比如heroes,potatoes,buffaloes。
其他直接加s,比如photos,pianos。
第三,不规则变形。
1、fish,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese单复数同形。
2、oo复数变ee。
比如foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese。
3、man复数变men,比如women,policemen。
4、很不规则的变形:mouse-mice; ox-oxen;child-children。
第四,只有复数。
clothes,trousers,glasses等,只有复数,没有单数。
怎么表示一副眼镜?很简单,一副+眼镜,a pair of glasses。
people、police、cattle等,本身只有复数,表示整体。
当people表示民族、部落时,可以有复数形式,即peoples。
为什么要区分单数复数?英语名词的单复数,决定了后面动词的形态,比如是is还是are,是has还是have。
我们后面讲到“主谓一致”时再详细讲解。
(二)不可数名词单数和复数是针对可数名词。
高考英语语法专题复习三、代词知识要点:代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词;代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类;一、人称代词人称代词在句中可以用作主语用主格,如I, you, he, she, it, we, they,等和宾语用宾格,如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等:人称代词的用法:注:1在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时,用主格:---Is that Mr. Li ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it.这是我干的;2单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格:“I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了;”“我也累了;”“Who wants this” “Me.” “谁要这个”“我要;”3有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化:I like you better than he.我比他更喜欢你;为I like you better than he likes you.I like you better than him.我喜欢你胜过喜欢他;为I like you better than I like him.4人称代词的排列顺序:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I;复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即we, you and they:You, he and I are of the same age.你,他和我都是同一年龄;We , you and they are all good citizens.我们,你们和他们都是好公民;但若用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前:Tom and I hope to go there.汤姆和我想去那儿;I and Tom are to blame.我和汤姆该受批评;但是,you and I是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒;5人称代词后跟名词同位语;有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语:These small desks are for us students.这些小课桌是给我们学生的;We girls often go to the movies together.我们女孩子常一起去看电影;He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你们男孩子安静些;二、物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their和名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs;形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词前,作定语;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语:His son is taller than hers.他的儿子比她的儿子高;Ours is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家Her son is a friend of ours.她的儿子是我们的朋友;This is your pen. Mine is in the box.这是你的铅笔,我的在铅笔盒里;注:1 a friend of mine ours, yours, hers, his, theirs结构2 物主代词与own连用;表强调;也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语:Mind your own business.别管闲事;I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看到的;I hope to have a room of my own. / I hope to have my own house.我希望有自己的房子;三、指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个,这些”“那个,那些”;在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语;单数:this, that;复数:these, those;为了方便学习将such,so也归于此类;I like these and he likes those.我喜欢这些,他喜欢那些;What I want to say is this.我想说的就是这点;注:1 指示代词用作主语和定语时,可指人或物;用作宾语和表语时,只指物;如:This is my father. 作主语,指人Do you know this作宾语,指物,译为“你知道这个情况吗2 刚提到的或已经完成的事情时用that,但是若要指下文将要发生或将要提到的事情通常用this:She married Jim, and that surprised me.她嫁给了吉姆,这使我感到很吃惊;I want to know this: Is he healthy我想知道这一点:他是否很健康;3 在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方:Hello. This is Jim. Is that John喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗4 such指代前面所述的这样的人或事;如:Such is Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, but a simple man. 这就是艾尔伯特,爱因斯坦,......5 so代替一个句子或短语表达的事情;a.在believe,expect,suppose,imagine,think等词后用so代替前文观点;表肯定、否定=not均可;b. 用于表示肯定的hope,I’m afraid后,代替前文提出的观点;四、反身代词反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等变化的词单数:myself, yourself,himself, herself, itself, 复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves,在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语,不能作主语; 注:1用作同位语加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末:The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重;You yourself said so. / You said so yourself.你自己是这样说的;2用作宾语动词或for,of, in, by, to等介词的宾语:She could not make herself understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话;You’ll have to see if he has come for yourself. for one self 亲自,为自己The computer may shut off of itself. of oneself 自动的You shouldn’t leave the child at home by herself. b y oneself 独自,单独Jim isn’t bad in himself, but he likes playing tricks on others. in one self 本身He likes a table to himself. to oneself 独自占用3 用作表语:有时用于be, feel, seem, look等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态:The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己;The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己;I'm not quite myself these days.我近来身体不大舒服;I'll be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的;4 含有反身代词的动词短语:devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于;lose oneself=be lost in 迷失;seat oneself= be seated 坐下; express oneself 表达某人的思想; say for oneself 为自己找借口;say to oneself 心想; talkto oneself 自言自语; feel oneself 觉得正常; come to oneself 苏醒;五、疑问代词疑问代词包括who, whom, whose,which, what,在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等:1、who与whom的用法:前者为主格,用作主语、宾语,后者为宾格,用作宾语;Who spoke at the meeting Whom are you talking about口语中或作宾语的whom位于句首时,通常可用who代替,但whom前有介词时除外:Whom is the letter from2、whose的用法:表示“谁的”,既可用于名词前作定语,也可单独使用;在句中作主、宾、表、定语;Whose is better, yours or hers作主语Whose do you love better, yours or hers作宾语Tom has already taken his bag is this作表语Whose bag do you like作定语3、what和which的用法:有选择范围时,多用which;无选择范围或不明确时,多用what;拓展:what的习惯用法:1 What...for... 和What for 用于询问原因和目的;---What did you put it into the soup for --- It would improve the taste.你为什么...---I’m going to the grocery store. ---What for We still have enough food in the apartment.为何啊(2)What if...表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑;What if it rains while we are on the way(3)What do you mean by...表示愤怒、不满等情绪;What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly(4)What/How about...用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况;(5)疑问词what构成的固定搭配;So what那又怎么样呢表示不感兴趣或认为不重要What next店员用语还要什么Guess what你猜怎么着用于引起他人的注意What can I do for you你要买借什么4、what和who的区别:一般来说;what问职业、地位等,who问姓名或关系等:Who is he他是谁What is he他是干什么的六、相互代词相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语:We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助;They respect one another.他们互相尊重对方;The sea and the sky seem to melt into each other.大海和蓝天似乎融为一体;注:1相互代词在句中通常只用作宾语,不可作主语,所以以相互代词为宾语的句子不能变为被动语态;2不要将相互代词误认为是副词,将其用作状语,如可说talk to each other,但不能说talk each other;3相互代词可以有所有格形式:The students borrowed each other's notes.学生们互相借笔记;4有时可分开用:We each know what the other thinks.我们都知道对方的想法;七、不定代词1.不定代词概说;英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,few,little, both, enough, every等,以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词即somebody, anyone, nothing等;在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词none以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no和every则只用作定语;2.指两者和三者的不定代词;有些不定代词用于指两者如both, either, neither,有的不定代词用于指三者如all, any, none, every,注意不要弄混:Both of my parents are doctors.我的父母都是医生;All of the students are interested in it.所有的学生对此都很感兴趣;There are trees on any side of the square.广场的每一边都种有树;He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.他有两个儿子,都不富有;He has three sons, none of whom is rich.他有三个儿子,都不富有;注:each可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用each,不能用every;如不能说There are trees on every side of the road.3.复合不定代词的用法特点;复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等;它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语;something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句参见any & some;具体使用时应注意以下几点:1复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病;Have you seen anyone anybody famous你见过名人吗2指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his 不一定指男性;但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their:Everyone knows this, doesn't he don't they人人都知道这一点,不是吗If anybody anyone comes, ask him them to wait.要是有人来,让他等着;3指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they:Everything is ready, isn't it一切都准备好了,是吗4anyone, everyone等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of短语;若是指物或后接of短语,可用any one, every one 分开写:any one of the boys books孩子们书当中的任何一个本every one of the students schools每一个学生一所学校4.是any not还是not any;按英语习惯,any以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:误:Any one doesn't know how to do it.正:No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道如何做它;误:Anybody Anyone cannot do it.正:Nobody No one can do it.这事谁也干不了;误:Anything cannot prevent me from going.正:Nothing can prevent me from going.什么也不能阻挡我去;5.不定代词与部分否定;不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用none, neither, no one等;比较:All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说;Not all of the students like the novel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说;All of the students don’t like the novel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说;None of the students like the novel.这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说;6.all, both, each等用作同位语;若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词:We have all read it.我们都读过他;all修饰的主语是代词The villages have all been destroyed.村庄都被毁了;all修饰的主语是名词They told us all to wait there.他叫我们都在那儿等;all修饰的宾语是代词但不能说:They told the men all to wait there. all修饰的宾语是名词不是代词7.so little与such little的区别;用so little还是such little取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little:He has so little time for reading.他读书的时间少得可怜;I've never seen such little boxes.我从未见过那样小的盒子;8.some与any的用法区别;一般说来,some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中;但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some而不用any:Would you like some cake吃点蛋糕吗Why not buy some bread为什么不买些面包呢Shall I get some chalk for you要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗注:any有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:Any colour will do.任何颜色都行;Come any day you like.随便哪天来都可以;9.many与much的用法区别;两者都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替可数名词复数,与few少数相对;而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词单数,与little少量相对;在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:Did you see many people there你在那儿看见许多人了吗We don't have much time.我们没有许多时间;在肯定句中,一般用a lot of, lots of, plenty of等代之;但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有how, too, as, so, a good, a great等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:Many of us left early.我们有许多人离开得很早;Much work has been done.许多工作都已经做了;You've given me too much.你已给我太多了;Take as many much as you want.你要多少拿多少;I asked her a great many questions.我问了她许多问题;10.few, a few与little, a little的用法区别;1few和a few后接可数名词的复数形式;few表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:It is very difficult, and few people understand it.它很难,没有几个人能懂;It is very difficult, but a few people understand it.他虽难,但是有些人懂;2little和a little之后接不可数名词,其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似:Unfortunately, I had little money on me.很不巧,我身上没带什么钱;Fortunately, I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱;11.other, the other, another与others的用法区别:这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指无the和特指有the之别;其用法区别可归纳如下:1指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用the other:Give me another one.另外给我一个;Shut the other eye, please.请把另一只眼睛也闭上;2指复数时,若泛指用other后接复数名词,若特指用the other后接复数名词:There are other ways of doing it.做这事还有其他的办法;Where have the other students gone其他学生都到哪里去了3others永远表示复数意义且其后不能再接名词;其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地the others大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:Other people Others may not think that way.别的人可能不这样想;He is cleverer than the others the other students in her class.他比班上其他学生聪明;4another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词;但是若其后有数词或few修饰时,则也可接复数名词:We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子;In another two weeks it'll be finished.再过两个星期就可做完了;5与some对比使用时,用others此时与some同义:Some say yes, and others say no.有人说对,有人说不对;12.不定代词与语境考题;不定代词是高考的常考考点,有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活,不能死套规则,要注意结合语境来理解:1“Is ____ here” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody若只是从表面来看,填空句是个疑问句,可能会误选A;但其实此题最佳答案应选B,因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”,这说明问句是在查人数,故用Is everybody here 大家都到齐了吗2I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _____.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing此句若从表面看,有可能误选B,因为填空句为否定句;但实际上最佳答案为A,因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”,这与下文的but I don’t agree with everything但并不是同意他说的所有内容完全相符;3“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶;”4“If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything此题容易误选A,机械地认为:something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句;但是,此题的最佳答案是B,something在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西相当于the thing;。
英语中的代词英语中的代词英语作为一种广泛使用的语言,其中一个重要的语法范畴是代词。
代词在英语中起着重要的作用,它们在句子中代表了已经提到的人、物或事情。
这些代词通常用于简化句子结构,并使文本更加流畅。
在英语中,代词通常用于替代已经提到的事物,以避免重复。
它们可以替代名词、名词短语,甚至整个句子。
通过使用代词,我们可以更有效地传达我们的意思,同时使我们的文本不显得冗长。
英语中的代词有很多种,以下是一些主要的代词类型:1、人称代词:这是用来代替人的代词。
例如,我(I)、你(you)、他(he)、她(she)、它(it)、我们(we)、他们(they)。
2、指示代词:这些代词用于表示特定的对象。
例如,这个(this)、那个(that)、这些(these)、那些(those)。
3、疑问代词:这些代词用于提问中,用于询问人、物或事情。
例如,谁(who)、什么(what)、哪里(where)、何时(when)、怎样(how)。
4、关系代词:这些代词用于引导从句,并表示从句与主句之间的关系。
例如,谁(who)、什么(what)、哪里(where)、何时(when)、怎样(how)。
5、不定代词:这些代词用于表示不确定的或未知的人、物或事情。
例如,一个(a)、一些(some)、任何(any)、每个人(everyone)。
正确地使用代词可以帮助我们创建清晰、易于理解的文本。
也需要注意不要误用或错用代词,以免引起混淆或误解。
总的来说,英语中的代词是一个重要的语言工具,可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的意思。
小学英语语法代词小学英语语法代词:介绍、用法和注意事项在英语学习过程中,代词起着非常重要的作用。
尤其是对于小学生,掌握代词的用法能够更好地理解和运用英语。
本文将为大家介绍小学英语语法中的代词,包括其特点、用法和注意事项,以帮助孩子们更准确地使用英语。
一、代词的种类和特点在小学英语语法中,常见的代词有:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和不定代词等。
高考英语语法代词以下是一些可能包含在高考英语语法代词PPT中的主题和内容:1.代词的定义和分类定义:代词是一种替代名词、形容词或短语的词汇,以避免重复使用相同的词语。
分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。
2.人称代词定义:人称代词是用来指代人的代词。
分类:第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
常见用法:主格和宾格形式,如I/me、you/you、he/him、she/her、it/it等。
3.物主代词定义:物主代词是用来指代物体的代词。
分类:第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
常见用法:形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its)和名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its)。
4.反身代词定义:反身代词是用来指代主语本身的代词。
分类:第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
常见用法:在动词短语中表示动作的主体,如myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself等。
5.相互代词定义:相互代词是用来指代两个人或多个物体之间的相互关系的代词。
常见用法:each other/one another表示“互相”之意。
6.指示代词定义:指示代词是用来指代较近的物体或概念的代词。
分类:基本型、所有格型和泛指型。
常见用法:this/that/these/those等。
7.疑问代词定义:疑问代词是在疑问句中用来引导名词性从句的代词。
分类:指人的who/whom/whose和指物的which/what等。
8.关系代词定义:关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。
分类:who/whom/whose/which/that等。
常见用法:在定语从句中代替先行词,并在从句中充当成分。
9.不定代词定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或数量的代词。
分类:数量不定代词(some/any/enough/many等)和种类不定代词(something/anything/everything等)。
高考英语代词知识点总结在高考英语中,代词是一个非常重要的语法知识点。
代词在句子中可以替代名词,起到简化句子结构、避免重复的作用。
本文将从不同角度总结高考英语中的代词知识点。
一、人称代词人称代词是用来代替人的名词的词语。
在高考英语中,常见的人称代词有I、you、he、she、we、they等。
在使用人称代词时需要注意其主格和宾格的区别。
主格用于做主语或表语,而宾格则用于做动词或介词的宾语。
例如:I am a student. (主格)She is taller than me. (宾格)除了区分主格和宾格之外,人称代词还有复数形式。
例如:we代表“我们”,they代表“他们”。
二、物主代词物主代词用来表示所属关系,包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词性物主代词位于名词前面修饰名词,而名词性物主代词则作为名词的替代词使用。
例如:This is my book. (形容词性物主代词)The red one is mine. (名词性物主代词)在使用物主代词时,需要根据名词的单复数和所有格进行变化。
例如,单数名词后加's,复数名词只加'。
三、反身代词反身代词用来指示动作的承受者与动作的发出者是同一个人。
常见的反身代词有myself、yourself、himself、herself、ourselves、themselves等。
例如:He hurt himself while playing football. (他在踢足球时受伤了)另外,反身代词可以用来强调主语:I myself will finish the task. (我自己会完成这个任务)四、指示代词指示代词用来指示人或物的位置、距离和数量等信息。
常用的指示代词有this、that、these、those等。
例如:This is my bag. (这是我的包)Those are my friends. (那些是我的朋友)指示代词还可以与名词连用来修饰名词,表示特指。
高考语法填空抢分热点之代词一、考点精讲代词:1.人称代词分主格和宾格。
2.物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
形容词物主代词修饰名词;名词性物主代词单独使用,相当于形容词物主代词加名词,后面不能再跟名词。
3.反身代词。
反身代词的固定搭配:devote oneself to“致力于,献身于”,其中to是介词;say to oneself“自言自语”;help oneself to“随便吃,自行取用”;by oneself“独自地,单独”;make oneself done“使某人自己被”;leave one by oneself“把某人自己单独留下”;enjoy oneself“过得愉快”;behave oneself“举止规矩”;come to oneself“苏醒过来”。
4.不定代词。
指人的不定代词:someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,everyone,everybody,nobody,no one;指物的不定代词:something;anything;everything;nothing;none既可指人也可指物,表示“一个也没有”或“一点也没有”。
5.it的用法(1)it作形式主语或形式宾语,代指动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句。
(2)用于强调句型:It is/was ...that/who...例如:It was he that/who broke the door.(是他弄坏的门);It was not until his father came back that he left home.(直到他的父亲回来,他才离开的家。
)温馨提示:这个句型不能强调谓语动词,强调谓语动词时应该用:助动词do/does/did+动词原形,意为“确实,务必,一定”。
例如:He did break the door.(他确实弄坏了门。
)(3)it的固定搭配:When it comes to...“当谈到......的时候”,其中to是介词;make it“成功做成某事”;as it is “事实上,照原样”;get it“明白了”;put it“叙述,说明”;see to it that,意为“注意,务必,一定要做到”。
高考英语语法知识总结(代词)如下:代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%,每年至少测试一道题。
测试代词常用对话形式,构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。
代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。
其中不定代词one,the one,ones与that,those,it的用法区别。
考点一、考查one(s), that, those, it的用法[考点解读]● one泛指一个人或物。其复数形式为ones。 one和the one作同位语时,如果与其同位的词语是特指,则用the one;如果是泛指,则用one,。● that指代前面提到过的名词,常有后置定语。 that的复数形式是those。 that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词,或指代前面提到过的一件事。● it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例7;指代一件事,如例8;指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人,也可指代时间、天气、距离等0。二、考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法[考点解读]● both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中任何一个”,如例13; neither表示“两者都不”。● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”,三、考查another, the other, others, the others的用法[考点解读]● another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个,如例19。another还可以作形容词,表示“另一个的”● the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个● others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物”● the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”,如例23。如果被指代的名词是不可数名词,则用the rest替代,四、考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法[考点解读]● few和little可用作代词和形容词。 few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。 few有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。 little有否定含义, a little含肯定含义,。● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词。 some用于肯定句,如例31; any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中, some也可用于疑问句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”,五、考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配[考点解读]● 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致。● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定。● 无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”。● 不定代词后跟else时,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后。以上不定代词连写时,不和of连用,every one可和of连用。【高考英语代词语法知识精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with______.A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing2. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”A. what, bothB. what, noneC. which, both C. which, none3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”A. Neither, notB. Both, moreC. Either, the mostD. All, the most4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?A. whereB. whatC. howD. which5“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten_____.”A. whatB. whenC. whichD. who6.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.A. whatB. whenC. whichD. whom7. These trousers are dirty and wet —I’ll change into my_____.A. anotherB. trousersC. othersD. other8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.A. otherB. the otherC. the othersD. another9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.A. allB. eachC. everyD. either10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is_____ but a wise leader.”A. anythingB. anyoneC. anybodyD. anywhere11.I didn’t make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.A.this B that C it D one12 To tell you the truth..really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.A.which B that C it D.what13.一Which one can I take?一You can take of them;I’ll keep none.A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir?一I’ll take ,to have n change so metimes.A.allthemB.them dlC.both them D them b0Ih15.The movie is boring;it is,in fact,rather exeiting and interestingA anything butB nothing butC no moreD all but16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the houseA.everythingB.anythingC.nothing D something17.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI haven’t covered of the cityA.anythingB.much C many D plenty18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followedA her B.herself C.her own D.she19.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies,especially you referred to jusl now.A asB whichC the oneD that20.If a studem can make what has been learned whether in class of from social practice ,he will make steady progress.A heB himC himselfD his21.一Do you want tea or coffee?一 really don't mindA.None B Neither C Either D All22.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than four percent.A.any other B the other C another D other23.The manager was very angry,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy,half of unqualified.A.whom B what C them D.which24一Did you visit many places while you were in Canada?一Yes,A.afew quite B only few C.only afew D quite few25 In somecountries, is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all peopleA thatB whatC whichD how26一May I have a glass of beer.please?一Beer?Sorry,there is left,but would you mind having,some juice instead?A none B.no one C nothing D few27.一When can we goto visit you?一Anytime you feel likeA.one B it C so D thal28 We need a more capable leader, with strong will as well as good humour.A who B.that C.one D.which29.The number 2008 is a special number, I think,that will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.A.which B what C one D.it30.一How do you like his wife?一She is like a good housekeeper,for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.A SomebodyB nobodyC something D.nothing——答案与解析——1【解析】此题应选 A,注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定,意为“不是所有的都同意”,前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接,语气通顺、连贯。
高中英语语法之代词概述及各类代词用法归纳代词概述1. 什么是代词?代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的一类词, 它在句中的作用类似于名词。
代词可分为人称代词, 物主代词, 自身代词, 相互代词, 指示代词, 疑问代词, 连接代词, 关系代词和不定代词。
2. 代词在句中的作用1) 作主语That's my book. 那是我的书。
Both are expensive. 两个都很贵。
Who tells you this? 谁告诉你这个?2) 作宾语Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾自己。
I will show it to you. 我会展示给你看。
I don't believe him. 我不相信他。
3) 作表语The car is not mine. 这辆车不是我的。
I will be myself again soon. 我过一会儿就会没事了。
4) 作同位语The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
They are both in favor of the plan.他们两人都赞成这个计划。
5) 作呼语You stand here and wait for the bus. 你站在这儿等公车吧。
Be patient, everyone. 大家都耐心点吧。
6) 作定语That's my glasses. 那是我的眼镜。
I'll buy that umbrella.人称代词1. 人称代词的词汇a) 人称代词主格 (在句中作主语)单数第一人称: I (我)单数第二人称: you (你)单数第三人称: he, she, it (他,她,它)复数第一人称: we(我们)复数第二人称: you(你们)复数第三人称: they (他们/她们/它们)b) 人称代词宾格 (在句中作宾语)单数第一人称: me (我)单数第二人称: you (你)单数第三人称: him, her, it(他,她,它)复数第一人称: us(我们)复数第二人称: you(你们)复数第三人称: them (他们/她们/它们)2. 人称代词在句中的作用1) 作主语I am a student. 我是一名学生。
高考英语语法代词考点归纳在高考英语中,几乎每一年都会有对英语代词的直接考题,有的出现在单项填空,有的出现在完形填空或短文改错中。
下面由店铺为你提供的高考英语语法代词考点归纳,希望能帮到你。
高考英语语法代词考点归纳一I. 代词可以分为以下八大类1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 2反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves, yourselves, themselves3指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some4疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever,whichever, whatever5关系代词/连接代词that, which, who, whom, whose,as6不定代词one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代词each other,one another高考英语语法代词考点归纳二II. 不定代词用法注意点类别区别例句one, some,any和it one可以泛指人或者事(东西),其复数为ones ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far moreserious _______ than mobile phones do.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thosesome可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico.Would you like ________?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittlesome 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个①I have read this article in some magazin e. Please correct the mistakes, if any.②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?—________way as you please.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Eitherone指同类中的一个,it指代同一种类的东西。
代词高考对代词的考察主假如人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词等。
设置特定的语境,对代词的数、性、格的变化进行考察仍旧是高考的热门。
Ⅰ代词的分类1.人称代词:主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they宾格me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代词:形容词性my, our, your, his, her, its, their名词性mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代词:单数myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数ourselves, yourselves, themselves4.互相代词:each other (二者之间互相); one another ( 二者以上的互相)5.指示代词:this, that, these, those6.疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词:who, whom, whose, that( 指人 ),which, that, as, whose (指物)8.不定代词:all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less一、人称代词单数复数第一第二第三第一第二第三人称人称人称人称人称人称人主I you he,she,we you they称格it代宾me you him ,us you them词格her ,it人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补足语。
如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.说明:在复合句中,假如主句和从句主语同样,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。
When he arrived , John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还能够作主语。
如:I saw her with them ;at least,I thought it was her. (第一个her 作动词宾语,them 作介词宾语,第二个her作表语)— Who broke the vase? 谁打坏了花瓶?—Me.我。
3.人称代词之主、宾格的替代(1) 宾格取代主格在简洁对话中,当人称代词独自使用或在not 后,多用宾语。
— I like English. 。
— Me too.— Have more wine? — Not me. 。
在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格取代主格。
但假如比较状语的谓语保存,则主语只好用主格。
He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2)主格取代宾格在介词but, except 后,有时可用主格取代宾格。
在电话用语中常用主格。
— I wish to speak to Mary. 。
—This is she.注意:在动词be 或 to be 后的人称代词视其前方的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我认为是她。
(主格——主格)I thought it to be her. (宾格——宾格)I was takento be she.我被当作了她。
(主格——主格)They took me to be her. 他们把我当作了她。
(宾格——宾格)4.代词的指代问题1)不定代词anybody ,everybody ,nobody ,anyone, someone, everyone ,no one,及 whoever 和 person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him 取代。
如: Nobody came , did he?2)动物名词的指代一般用it 或 they 取代,有时也用he , she,带有和蔼的感情色彩。
如:Give the cat some food.She is hungry. 。
3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩经常用she。
5.并列人称代词的摆列次序1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其次序为:第二人称→第三人称→ 第一人称,即you → he/she; it。
→I 如:You , he and I should return on time. 你,他还有我应当准时回来。
2)复数人称代词作主语时,其次序为:第一人称→ 第二人称→ 第三人称,即we→ you → they。
在以下状况中,第一人称放在前方。
在认可错误,肩负责任时。
It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。
在尊长对晚辈,长官对部下说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。
当其余人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
二、物主代词物主代词是表示所相关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。
物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人称和数的变化见下表。
单数复数第一第二第三第一第二第三人称人称人称人称人称人称物形容my your his, her,its our your their主词性代名词mine your shis,hers,its ours yours theirs词性Our school is here ,and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那边。
1.物主代词的用法1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。
如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.?2)物主代词有形容词性( my , your 等)和名词性( mine , yours 等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的’s属格构造。
如:Jack ’ s cap意为 The cap is Jack。
’sHis cap 意为 The cap is his 。
2.名词性物主代词的句法功能1)作主语。
如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.2)作宾语。
如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.3) 作介词宾语。
如:You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word , not in yours.4) 作表语。
如:’’ s yours.3.两重所有格物主代词不行与a, an,this,that ,these,those,some,any ,several,no,each,every, such,another,which 等词一同前置,修饰一个名词,而一定用两重所有格。
公式为:a, an, this , that+ 名词 +of+ 名词性物主代词。
三、指示代词指示代词表示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”等指示观点的代词。
指示代词有this,that ,these,those 等。
如:That is a good idea.指示代词的用法1.指示代词分单数(this/that )和复数(these/those)两种形式,既可作限制词又可作代词。
2.指示代词的句法功能。
1)作主语。
如:This is the way to do it.2)作宾语。
如:I like this better than that.3) 作表语。
如:My point is this.4) 作介词宾语。
如:I don ’ t say no to that. There is no fear of that.说明 1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其余句子成分时只好指物,不可以指人。
如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。
(that 作主语,指人)(对) He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘成婚。
(this 作限制词)(错) He is going to marry this. ( this 作宾语时不可以指人)(对) I bought this. 我买这个。
(this 指物,可作宾语)说明 2: that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但this 和 these 不可以,同时,在作先行词时,只有those 可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.(对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他欣赏那些表面美丽的人。
(those 指人)(错)He admired that who danced well. ( that 作宾语时不可以指人)(对) He admired those who danced well. 他欣赏跳舞好的人。
(those 指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful.他欣赏那些表面美丽的东西。
(those 指物)四、反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自己代词,也称为“反身代词”。
如:She was talking to herself. 她喃喃自语。
反单数复数身第一第二第三第一第二人称第三人称代人称人称人称人称词myself yourself himselfourselves yourselves themselvesherselfitself反身代词的用法1.作宾语,如1) 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame , dry , cut, enjoy , hurt , introduce ,behave 等。
如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.2) 用于及物动词+宾语 +介词,如:take pride in , be annoyed with , help oneself to sth 等。