上海财经大学考博英语真题核心词汇辨析

重点高校考博真题6500词逻辑辨证记忆（5）-ing可作形容词和名词后缀。

writing n.1.著作，作品2.（书）写，写作clothing n.[总称]服装，衣着thanksgiving n.（基督教）感恩节living a.1.活(着),生活的 2.有生命力的,生动活泼的 3.在使用中的,现行的 4.生动的,逼真的n.生计,生活alike a.同样的，相像的ad.1.一样地，相似地2.同样程度的拉丁前缀a-=intensive。

alive a.1.活着的，在世的2.（继续）存在的，在起作用的3.有活力的，活跃的，有生气的4.(to)注意到的，敏感的5.（with）充满的amass vt.积累，积聚mass n.1.团,块,堆 2.众多,大量 3.[pl.]群众,民众 4.(物体的)质量a.大量的,大规模的v.聚集,集中massacre vt.1.大规模屠杀,残杀 2.彻底击败n.1.大屠杀,残杀 2.(比赛等)惨败massive a.大的,大而重的,大块的 2.大量的,大规模的amaze vt.使大为惊奇，惊愕maze n.曲径, 迷宫, 迷津, 迷惘, 迷惑, 糊涂vt.使迷惘, 使混乱, 迷失arouse vt.1.引起，激起，唤起2.唤醒rouse vt.惊起,唤起,唤醒ashamed a.惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的aboard prep.在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）ad.在船（或飞机、车）上，上船（或飞机、车）a-来自古英文介词a=on, in, at, to。

abase v.1.降低2.使谦卑，贬低base n.1.基，底，底座2.基础，根据3.总部，基地vt.（on，upon）把…建立在…的基础上bass n.男低音，低声部，低音乐器abide vt. 容忍，忍耐vi.1.停留，逗留，居住2.(by)遵守，服从abroad ad. 1.到国外，在国外2.在传播，在留传broad a.1.宽的，广的，辽阔的2.广泛的，一般的3.宽容的4.敞亮的，明白清楚的broadcast n.广播，广播节目vt.广播，播放across prep.1.穿过，越过，横过2.在…对面ad.1.从一边到另一边，…宽2.在对面，向对面cross v.1.穿过，越过2.（使）交叉，（使）相交3.（使）杂交n.十字架，十字形（饰物、路口等）a.1.脾气坏的，易怒的2.交叉的，交互的cross out v.删去, 注销crossing n.1.1.人行横道2.交叉口3.横渡crucial a.至关重要的，决定性的逻辑辨证记忆提示：cruc=crosscruiser n.1.巡洋舰2.游艇逻辑辨证记忆提示：cruis=crossamend vt.修改，修订，改进n.[pl.] 赔罪，赔偿emend vt.修订，校改，修改amount n.1.量，数量，数额2.总额，总数vi.（to）1.合计，共计2.（在意义，价值等方面）等同，接近mount vt.1登上 2.发起,组织 3.安放,安装,裱贴vi.增加,增长,加剧n.[M-](用于山名前)山,峰ashore ad.在岸上，上岸asleep a.睡着的cure vt.1.治愈，治好2.消除，矫正n.1.治愈，治疗，疗法2.药（剂）cur-,car-来自拉丁文curare=to take care of。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。

keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。

complete a.完全的，完整的。

thorough a.彻底的，完全的。

2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。

3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。

D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。

)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。

4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。

四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。

insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。

只有C项符合题意。

2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。

A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。

其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。

3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。

2024年考博英语词汇辨析(4)全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024年考博英语词汇辨析(4)In the competitive world of academia, having a strong command of the English language is essential for success, especially when it comes to taking the English vocabulary section of the doctoral entrance exam. The ability to accurately distinguish between similar words and choose the right one for the context can make a significant difference in your exam performance.In this article, we will discuss some commonly confused English vocabulary words that are frequently tested in the doctoral entrance exam. By understanding the subtle differences between these words and how they are used in context, you can enhance your vocabulary skills and improve your chances of success on the exam.1. Accept vs. Except- Accept: to receive or agree to something- Except: used to indicate that something is not included in a general statementExample:I accept your proposal to collaborate on the research project.All students are required to attend the seminar, except for those who have a valid reason for absence.2. Affect vs. Effect- Affect: to influence or make a difference to something- Effect: a change that is a result or consequence of an actionExample:The new research findings will affect the way we approach cancer treatment.The new policy had a significant effect on the company’s profits.3. Complement vs. Compliment- Complement: to make something complete or perfect- Compliment: a polite expression of praise or admirationExample:The red shoes complemented her outfit perfectly.She received a compliment on her presentation skills from her professor.4. Discreet vs. Discrete- Discreet: careful and circumspect in one's speech or actions- Discrete: individually separate and distinctExample:She was discreet about her relationship with her colleague.The data was divided into discrete categories for analysis.5. Elicit vs. Illicit- Elicit: to draw out or evoke a reaction or response- Illicit: illegal or forbidden by lawExample:The survey was designed to elicit feedback from customers.The police arrested several individuals involved in illicit activities.By mastering the distinctions between these commonly confused words, you can improve your English vocabulary skills and perform better on the 2024 doctoral entrance exam. Remember to practice using these words in context to deepen your understanding and ensure that you can accurately apply them in the exam setting. Good luck with your exam preparation!篇22024年考博英语词汇辨析(4)In the fourth installment of the doctoral entrance exam English vocabulary distinction series, we will delve into some more challenging word pairs that are commonly tested in the exam. These distinctions are often subtle and require a thorough understanding of the nuances in meaning. Let's explore these words in depth:1. Affect vs. Effect- Affect: This verb typically means to influence or have an impact on something. For example, "The new policies will affect the economy."- Effect: This noun refers to the result or outcome of an action. For example, "The new policies had a positive effect on the economy."2. Complement vs. Compliment- Complement: This noun means something that completes or goes well with another thing. For example, "The red shoes were a perfect complement to her outfit."- Compliment: This noun refers to a polite expression of praise or admiration. For example, "She received many compliments on her presentation."3. Desert vs. Dessert- Desert: This noun typically refers to a dry, barren area of land. For example, "The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world."- Dessert: This noun is a sweet course served at the end of a meal. For example, "I always save room for dessert."4. Elicit vs. Illicit- Elicit: This verb means to draw out a response or reaction from someone. For example, "Her speech elicited a standing ovation from the audience."- Illicit: This adjective refers to something that is illegal or forbidden. For example, "The police raided the illicit drug operation."5. Farther vs. Further- Farther: This word is used to indicate physical distance. For example, "The store is farther down the street."- Further: This word is used to indicate metaphorical or figurative distance. For example, "We need to further investigate the matter."6. Envelop vs. Envelope- Envelop: This verb means to wrap up, cover, or surround something completely. For example, "The fog enveloped the city."- Envelope: This noun refers to a flat paper container used to enclose a letter or document. For example, "She sealed the envelope before mailing it."7. Pore vs. Pour- Pore: This noun refers to a small opening in the skin or a surface. For example, "You can unclog your pores by using a facial cleanser."- Pour: This verb means to flow or stream out in a steady stream. For example, "She poured a cup of tea for her guest."Remember, mastering these subtle distinctions can significantly improve your performance on the doctoral entrance exam English vocabulary section. Practice using these words in context to solidify your understanding and boost your confidence. Good luck with your exam preparations!篇3【2024年考博英语词汇辨析(4)】In the fast-paced world of academia, the competition for admission to Ph.D. programs has never been fiercer. Alongside high test scores and impressive research experience, a strong command of the English language is crucial for success in the application process. The ability to accurately discern between similar words and use them appropriately can make all the difference in showcasing one's language proficiency. In this context, let us delve into another set of commonly confused words that frequently appear in the English entrance exams.1. Discreet vs. Discrete"Discreet" is an adjective that means careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep something confidential or avoid causing offense. On the other hand, "discrete" is an adjective that means individually separate anddistinct. For example, one might say, "She was discreet in handling the sensitive information," while "The project was divided into discrete stages for better organization."2. Appraise vs. Apprise"Appraise" is a verb that means to assess the value or quality of something, while "apprise" is a verb that means to inform or notify someone about something. For instance, "The appraiser was tasked with appraising the artwork's value," versus "He ap。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．It’s a program designed to______ mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)A．includeB．appreciateC．appealD．conduct正确答案：C解析：句意为：这是一个为吸引16到25岁年龄段的人而设计的项目。

根据句意，C项appeal“吸引”，其他三项，A项include“包括”、B项appreciate“欣赏”、D项conduct“实施”均不符合句意。

2．In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．appearanceB．popularityC．dominanceD．consolidation正确答案：A解析：本题中，advent的意思是“出现，到来”。

A项“appearance出现”符合题意，如：His sudden appearance surprised her．(他的突然到来使她很惊讶。

)其他三项“popularity普及，流行；dominance优势，统治；consolidation巩固，合并”都不正确。

3．Don’t eat anything that will spoil your______ for dinner.A．appetiteB．tasteC．interestD．appreciation正确答案：A解析：appetite n．食欲，胃口；欲望(如：She ate slowly，without appetite．At the moment he had no appetite for work／reading．)。

考博英语词汇考题详解考博英语词汇考题解密一、动词动词及短语动词是博士生入学英语考试词汇部分的一个重要测试项目。

该项目对考生的测试点包括：1)动词的认知能力和辨别能力；2)动词用法的掌握程度；3)动词搭配关系的熟练程度。

据初步统计在研究生入学考试5500个词汇中，大约有五分之一是动词及动词词组。

因此，掌握好这批词汇直接关系到能否通过博士生入学英语词汇部分的考试。

在动词部分中，考生首先应该具备较好的认知能力，即遇见一个动词后，能够较快地确定它的前两个或前三个词义。

如：evolve v.，第一个词义是“使发展”，第二个词义是“使进化”，第三个词义是“推论”。

在考试中，检查考生这一能力的题是比较多的；考生应该能够根据上下文确定动词的有关词义。

在具备认知能力的基础上，考生还需掌握这些词汇的基本用法。

如：forbid v. 后面不能用to smoke，只能用动词+ing的形式，即smoking；Occur v. (发生)，只能用于主动语态，不能以被动的形式出现。

最后，还要熟悉动词的基本搭配关系。

如：concentrate和associate两个动词，其后面的介词一般只能是on和with。

以下是按照上面三种情况出现的词汇题：1. The diplomatic relations between the two countries have ____.A. ticked awayB. gone outC. broken offD. rung up2.The Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic centralism.A. suppliesB. specifiesC. presentsD. withhold3.As a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three days.A. decideB. refrainC. surpassD. delay第一句表示“外交关系终止”需用动词词组“break off"。

第一部分词汇第一章考博词汇选择填空题制胜攻略一、六种常考题型词汇题主要测试考生对考博大纲词汇和短语的词义、用法、搭配的辨认与运用能力。

其考试的重点是短语动词搭配、近义词辨析、近形异义词辨析、同根词辨析、单词辨析和固定搭配辨析。

(一)以动词为中心与其他词搭配【例1】Eating too much fat can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure．A．contribute to B．attribute to C．attend to D．devote to 答案：A【例2】I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate．A．sought to B．accounted for C．turned up D．resorted to答案：D(二)近义词辨析【例1】The Persian Gulf is ______ in petroleum deposits and that's part of the reasons why it is a trouble place．A．abundant B．enough C．plentiful D．adequate答案：A【例2】On New Year's Even, New York City holds an outdoor ______ which attracts a crowd of a million or more people．A．affair B．incident C．case D．event答案：D(三)近形异义词【例1】It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means．A．consistent B．continuous C．considerate D．continual 答案：A【例2】It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ______ knowledge．A．extensive B．expansive C．intensive D．expensive 答案：A(四)同根词辨析【例1】The football game comes to you ______ from New York．A．lively B．alive C．live D．living 答案：C【例2】 ______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make frieds with others．A．Dislike B．Unlike C．Alike D．Liking答案：B(五)单词辨析【例1】The teaeher spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his students．A．virtues B．featuresC．properties D．characteristics答案：A【例2】Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong ______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists．A．motivation B．perspective C．impression D．impact答案：D(六)固定搭配辨析【例1】In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded every detail．A．in B．at C．for D．on答案：D【例2】These two areas are similar ______ they both have a high rainfall during this season．A．to that B．besides that C．in that D．except that答案：C二、词汇应试法宝——七大推导法只有将词汇的含义和用法联系起来，才能对词汇有准确的把握。

上海财经大学考博英语必备词汇汇总第一组hurry up(使)赶快，迅速完成keep back阻止，阻挡;隐瞒，保留keep down控制，压制，镇压;压低keep off不接近，避开keep up Xu yao quan guo ge da yuan xiao kao bo ying yu zhen tishi juan qing jia qq：qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi,huo er ba jiu lingling liu si san wu yi.ye ke yi bo da quan guo mian fei zi xun dianhua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba xiang shou kao bo fu daoti yan.保持，维持;继续，坚持let down放下，降低;使失望let in让……进入，放……进来let off放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)let out放掉，放出，发出line up排队，使排成一行look back回顾，回头看look out留神，注意，提防，警惕look on旁观，观看;看待，视作look up查阅，查考;寻找(某人)look in顺便看望make out辨认，区分;理解，了解make out of用……做，从……得出第二组make up构成，拼凑;弥补，赔偿;化装mix up混淆，混合，搞糊涂pass away去世，逝世pass off中止，停止pass to转到，讨论，传到pass out失去知觉，昏倒pay back偿还，回报pay off还清(债)pay down即时交付，用现金支付pay up全部付清第三组pick out选出，挑出，拣出;辨认，辨别出pick up拾起，(偶然)得到;(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down拆毁，拉倒;拉下，降低pull in(车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull off脱(帽、衣)pull on穿，戴pull out拔出，抽出;(车、船)驶出pull together齐心协力pull up(使)停下put across解释清楚，说明put aside储存，保留put away放好，收好;储存put down记下，放下;镇压，平定put forward提出put in驶进put on穿上，戴上;上演;增加(体重)put out熄灭，关(灯);出版，发布;生产put right改正(错误)，整理第四组put up提起，举起，提(价);为……提供食宿，投宿ring off挂断电话rub out擦掉，拭去run down撞倒，撞沉;追捕，追查run off复印，打印run over略读，略述;辗过，浏览，匆匆复习see off给……送行see through看穿，识破;干完，干到底set back推迟，延缓，阻碍set down卸下，放下，记下，记入set forth阐明，陈述set off出发，动身;引起，使发生set out陈列，显示;动身，启程;制定set up创立，建立，树立;资助，扶持show in领入show off炫耀，卖弄第五组show up使呈现，使醒目shut out排除sit in列席，旁听sit up迟睡，熬夜speed up使加速stand out突出，显眼stand up站起来，耐用step up提高，加快，加紧step in插入，介入stick out伸出，突出;坚持到底，继续take away消除;消耗take down记下，写下take off拿走，脱下;起飞take on呈现;接纳，承担，从事take over接管，接办take up占据;开始;拿起，接收take up with和……交往，忍受，采用本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

上海大学考博英语核心词汇辨析1、feasible,practicable,practical,pragmaticfeasiblea.可行的，行得通的，用来表示实施后可以成功的。

Your work plan is feasible,so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的，我们可以马上修建那座桥。

practicablea.能实施的，可行的，只表示一种可能性，但是实施后的效果不一定理想。

Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed theonly practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。

practicala.实践的，实用的，实际的，指未经过实践检验的事物，如计划、项目等。

She felt that most of what she learned in the coursewas of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。

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pragmatica.讲究实际的，实用的，务实的，强调用常识解决实际问题，不追求不切实际的目标。

He would like to be a doctor,but he has a pragmaticattitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生，但是他很实际，知道自己上不起医学院。

2、gaze,gape,glance,glare,glimpse,peer,peep,stare这一组动词都含有"看"的意思。

gazev.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。

上海财经大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are aboutmoney.But most mistakes are about people.Did Jerry really care whenI broke up with Helen?When I got that great job,did Jim really feelgood about it,as a friend?Or did he envy my luck?And Paul-why didn'tpick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?When we lookback,doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back,it's too late.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti jiqi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling lingliu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wusan qi.Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies?Sometimeswhat people say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listenwe miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you,You're a lucky dog.That's being friendly.But lucky dog?There's abit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.Butbringing in the dog bit puts you down a little.What he may be sayingis that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris anothernoise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that thespeaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your lifeas a whole.But is he?Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought thatyour problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of all thestarving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturdaynight.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words?One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks?Does what he says agree with the tone of voice?His posture（姿态）?The look in his eyes?Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.26.This passage is mainly about.A）how to interpret what people sayB）what to do when you listen to others talkingC）how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleD）Why we go wrong with people sometimes27.According to the author,the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that.A）We fail to listen carefully when they talkB）People tend to be annoyed when we check what they sayC）People usually state one thing but means anotherD）We tend to doubt what our friends say28.In the sentence Maybe he doesn't see it himself.in the second paragraph,the pronoun it refers to.A）being friendly C）lucky dog B）a bit of envy D）your luck29.When we listen to a person talking,the most important thing for us to do is.A）notice the way the person is talkingB）take a good look at the person talkingC）mind his tone,his posture and the look in his eyesD）examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture30.The author most probably is a.A）teacher C）philosopher B）psychologist D）doctor Passage7A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain.To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two,we demand theneedle-a shot of novocaine（奴佛卡因）-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it.This helps us adjust to the world.Without our nerves-and our brain,which is a bundle of nerves-we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity.We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain.Look at the Indian fakir（行僧）who sits on a bed of nails.Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm,and feel no pain.This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.Ifthe dentist says,This will hurt a little,it helps us to accept the pain.By staying relaxed,and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation（感觉）,we can handle the pain without falling apart.After all,although pain is an unpleasant sensation,it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.31.The passage is mainly about.A）how to suffer pain B）how to avoid painC）how to handle pain D）how to stop pain32.The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity.in the second paragraph implies that.A）we should pay a debt for our feelingB）we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC）our pain is worth feelingD）when we feel pain,we are suffering it33.When the author mentions the Indian fakir,he suggests that.A）Indians are not at all afraid of painB）people may be senseless of painC）some people are able to handle painD）fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms34.the most important thing to handle pain is.A）how we look at pain B）to feel pain as much as possible C）to show an interest in pain D）to accept the pain reluctantly35.The author's attitude towards pain is.A）pessimistic B）optimistic C）radical（极端的）D）practicalPassage8Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows.She was their neighbor.Yet none of the32 helped her.Not one even called the police.Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?Not so,say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane.These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act.They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk.Is he having a heart attack?Is he in a coma（昏迷）from diabetes（糖尿病）?Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning?Is itsteam pipes?Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second,and more important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible.He must feel that he must help,or the person won't get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around.They had college students in to betested.Some came alone. Some came with one or two others.And some came in large groups.The receptionist started them off on thetests.Then she went into the nextroom.A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream,the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help.All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.Of the students in pairs,only two out of ten helped.Of the students in groups,none helped.In other words,in a group,Americans often fail to act.They feel that others will act.They,themselves,needn't.They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes.Scientists found that the people were emotional,they sweated, they had trembling hands.They felt the other person's trouble.But they did not act.They were in a group.Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.36.The purpose of this passage is.A）to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB）to explain when people wil act in emergenciesC）to explain what people will do in emergenciesD）to explain how people feel in emergencies37.Which of the following is NOT true?A）When a person tries to help others,he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B）When a person tries to help others,he should know whetherhey are worth his help.C）A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D）A person with a heart attack needs the most.38.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies whenA）they are in pairs B）they are in groupsC）they are alone D）they are with their friends39.The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that.A）they are afraid of emergenciesB）they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC）others will act if they themselves hesitateD）they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help40.The author suggests that.A）we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies B）a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC）people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies D）when you are in trouble,people will help you anywayPassage9People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other timesthey begin to act without thinking;they try to find a solution by trial and error.However,when all these methods fail,the person with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example,Sam's bicycle is broken,and he cannot read it to class as he usually does.Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle.he must find the reason why it does not work.For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears,the brakes,or the frame.He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.For instance,suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels.At this time.he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.after studying the problem,the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration.His suggestions might be:put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam,forexample,suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum（口香糖）between the gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem:he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short,he has solved the problem.41.What is the best title for this passage?A）Six Stages for Repairing Sam's BicycleB）Possible Ways to Problem-solvingC）Necessities of Problem AnalysisD）Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem42.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except.A）recognize and define the problemB）look for information to make the problem clearerC）have suggestions for a possible solutionD）find a solution by trial or mistake43.By referring to Sam's broken bicycle,the author intends to.A）illustrate the ways to repair his bicycleB）discuss the problems of his bicycleC）tell us how to solve a problemD）show us how to analyses a problem44.Which of the following is NOT true?A）People do not analyze the problem they meet.B）People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C）People may learn from their past experienceD）People can not solve some problems they meet.45.As used in the last sentence,the phrase in short means.A）in the long run B）in detail C）in a word D）in the endPassage10The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living.People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises,the poverty line does,too.Therefore,even with today's relatively high standard of living,about10percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line.However,if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living.Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing,more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work.Over40percent of the poor people are children.By law,children less than16years old cannot work in many industries.A large number of poor people are old.Many companies do not hire people over65years old,the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons:they are sick,they do not have any motivation（动力）.they have family problems,or they do notbelieve that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one.Many poor adults never went to high school.Therefore,when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time,the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First,if the national economy grows,businesses and industries hire more workers.Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment.Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second,if society invests in the poor,the poor will become more productive.If the government spends money on social programs, education,and training for poor people,the poor will have the skills to offer.Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally,if the government distributes society's income differently,it raises some poor people above the poverty line.The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor.These payments to the poor are called welfare.In1975over18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem.However,at the present time,many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.46.The author's main purpose to write this article isA）to define what the poverty line isB）to explain why some people live the poverty lineC）to find solutions to the problem of povertyD）to show sympathy for those poor people47.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B）Poor people are those who love below the poverty line.C）The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D）The poverty line tends to be at the same level.48.More than40percent of the poor people are children.This is mainly because.A）they do not have enough motivationB）they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work C）they fail to get enough educationD）they are very poor in health49.Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because.A）they to not have any motivation to workB）they are not very self-confidentC）they are too young or too old to workD）they have physical and family problems50.We may conclude from the passage that.A）better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found B）welfare will enable people to be richC）poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD）employment is the best solution to the poverty problem 参考答案Passage61.C2.C3.B4.D5.BPassage71.C2.D3.C4.A5.BPassage81.B2.C3.C4.D5.APassage91.B2.D3.C4.A5.CPassage101.C2.D3.B4.C5.A本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。