(完整word版)复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题及答案详解

复旦大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅰ（略）Part ⅡDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the21. SheA. missedB. budgetedC. loathed22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about theA. intangibleB. sedateC. impudent23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect theA. rigorousB. equivocalC. stringent24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative andA. lucrativeB. introvertedC. vivacious25. This is but a of the total amountA. frictionB. fractionC. faction26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiasticA. onB. byC. for27. I think it is high time we the fact that environmental pollution in this area isA. woke up toB. must wake up toC. wake up to28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was sA. resentfulB. amiableC. suffocating29. Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete andA. scrapsB. leftoversC. debris30. When sheA. came toB. came offC. came through31. The shortage of water became more this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 yeaA. needyB. latentC. uneasy32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply couldA. budgeB. surgeC. trudge33. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the diseases that men andA. beseechB. besetC. bewitch34. The boy's talent might have lain had it not been for his uncle'sA. extinguishedB. dormantC. malignantD.35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notablyA. discontinuousB. discreetC. discordant36. Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry,A. oughtn't heB. wasn't heC. didn't he37. An old woman was badly hurt in the police describe as an apparently motivelessA. thatB. whichC. what38. As the city has become increasingly and polluted, there has been a growingA. flourishedB. boostedC. congested39. The taxi in front of a girl, just in time to avoidA. turned inB. pulled upC. cleared up40. The doctor told him to be careful when taking sleeping pills because too manyA. lethalB. vitalC. wholesomeD. sanitaryPart ⅢDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single lineFor my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormouI enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur:“Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!” (No Mr. Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name wasFor a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels,wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people”, for instance, might be nais,Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling toB. He was vol42. It is known from the passage that the writerB. couldn't mak43. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed wasC. a44. The word “modicum” in the last paragraph can be replaced by45. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to theC. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewD. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-It is one of the world's most recognized phrases, one you might even heat in places where little English is spoken:‘The name's Bond, James Bond.’ I've heard it from a taxi driver in Ghana and a street sweeper in Paris, and I remember the thrill of hearing Sean Connery say it in the first Bond film I saw, Goldfinger. I was a Chicago schoolgirl when it was released in 1904. The image of a candy-colored London filled with witty people, stately old buildings and a gorgeous, ice-coolWhen Ian Fleming created the man with the license to kill, based on his own experiences while working for the British secret service in World War Ⅱ, he couldn't have imagined that his fictional Englishman would not only shake, but stir the entire world. Even world-weary actors are thrilled at being in a Bond movie. Christopher Walken, everyone's favorite screen psycho, who p layed mad genius Max Zorin in 1985's A View to a Kill, gushed:‘I remember first seeing DJ' No when I was 15. I remember Robert Shaw trying to strangle James Bond in From Russia with Love.Bond is the complete entertainment package: he has hot——and cold——running women on tap, dastardly villains bent on complete world domination, and America always plays second string to cool, sophisticated Britain. Bond's England only really existed in the adventures of Bulldog Drummond, the wartime speeches of Winston Churchill and the songs of Dame VelaWhen Fleming started to write his spy stories, the world knew that, while Britain was victorious in the war against Hitler, it was depleted as a result. London was bombed out, a darkIt was America that was producing such universal icons as Gary Cooper's cowboy in High Noon (‘A man's got to do what a man's got to do’); the one-man revolution that was Elvis Presley; Marilyn Monroe, the walking, male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more iAnd those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humor and doing a job well. All qualitiesOf course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish with all the optional extras you've come to expect, a personal jet glider... the list isThere are those who are disgusted by the Bond films' unbridled glorification of the evils of46. According to the passage each production of a Bond film isD. difficult to fin48. It is known from the passage that post-war Britain as49. Judging by the context, the word “stately” in the first paragraph means50.A. When Ian Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would shake the entire world.C. Ian Fleming began to write his spy stories before world war ⅡThe current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen selfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that “winners” in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lore——a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these “family values,” arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing theThe myth of family self-reliance is so compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. “We always stood on our own two feet,” my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 million acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major weatem logging companies' land, and when some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled downLike my grandparents, few families in American history——whatever their “values”——have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social-support structures set up by governing authorities, whether thosewere the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonialAt America's inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitable work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ludicrous to colonial and revolutionar51. Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role inB. reducing individual or family dependence on government52. It can be concluded that the writer's grandfather's family purchased their landA53. It can be inferred from the passage that in early AmericaB54. The word “parochial” in the last paragraph meansC. i55. The writer's attitude toward the idea of American family values isOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consistsAdvertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer——appeal to all his other problems of man——hours and machine tolerances and stress factors, So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness, if the advertising agency can to thisOther manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for onereason or another, some alteration seems called for——how much better to change the image, the packet or tile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing theThe advertising man has to comibine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the kill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does——“Run down? You need...”. “No one will dance with you? A dab of * * * * will mAdvertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post-for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, “As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television.” Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses56. It can be concluded from the passage that modern advertising is authoritative because of the way it57. According to the passage, the advertising man must have the ability to58. The word “unimpeachable” in the last paragraph can be replaced by59. The following statements are TRUE exceptA. Advertising men dress people up in white coats because it makes their advertisement more convincing.B. Some manufacturers would rather change their product's appeal than change the productD. If advertising agency does advertising authoritatively enough, the manufacturer will surely60. It can be inferred from the passage that the advertisers' attitude is usually based on the hope that customersC. are inPart ⅣDirection: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet ⅡA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It isalways much better to tell a story than read it __61__ of a book, and, if a parent can produce __62__ in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on theA charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistie impulses. To prove the __63__, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read rairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, __64__ the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be Father a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children __65__ dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with theThere are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds __67__ they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies __68__ fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case __69__ sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick __70__ covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everPart ⅤDirections: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ根据“十五”期间的形势和任务，“十五”计划《纲要》提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是：国民经济保持较快发展速度，经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效，经济增长质量和效益显著提高，为到2010年国内生产总值比2000年翻一番奠定坚实基础：国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大进展，社会保障制度比较健全，社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善，对外开放和国际合作进一步开展；就业渠道拓宽，城乡居民收入持续增加，物质文化生活有较大改善，生态建设和环境保护得到加强，科技、教育加快发展，国民素质进一步提高，法制建设取得明显进展。

复旦大学医学部博士入学考试生物化学试题（历年真题）
复旦大学医学部博士入学考试生物化学试题(第一套)
一、名词解释
1.核酶
2.中心法则
3.模序
4.操纵子
问答题(4个，每个15分)
1.举例说明蛋白质一级结构空间结构与功能的关系
2.举例说明竞争性抑制的定义及在实践中的应用
3.氨的来源和去路
4. 举例说明端粒和端粒酶的作用
复旦大学医学部博士入学考试生物化学试题（第二套）
一、名解4x10
1.质粒
2.转染
3.核酶
4.胆固醇逆向转运
5.核酸杂交
6.PCR
7.离子交换柱层析
8.蛋白质结构域
9.G蛋白
10.蛋白质变性
二、简答15x4
1.蛋白质分离的方法与原理
2.酶抑制剂的临床应用
3.基因工程的基本步骤和原理
4.蛋白质与核酸相互作用的机理和举例。

复旦大学研究生新生入学教育考试试题及答案复旦大学研究生新生入学教育考试试题及答案因缺乏严谨治学态度违反一般学术规范，虽不属于造假、篡改、抄袭、剽窃等学术不端行为，但在学术活动中损害他人合法利益或造成一定不良后果的行为属于(学术不当行为 )。

入学资格初步审查时发现身心状况暂时不适宜在校学习，经学校指定的医院诊断，认为经过休养和治疗，可以到校学习的，可申请保留入学资格(一学年 )。

研究生在参加课程学习过程中缺席课时数或者缺交作业次数超过教学规定总数(三分之一 )的，不得参加该门课程的考核，课程成绩按(F )记载。

在学位申请有效期内，可以提出学位申请的次数是(两次 )。

研究生以作弊、剽窃、抄袭等学术不端行为或其他不正当手段取得学历、学位证书的，学校是否有权撤销已颁发的学历、学位证书?(是 )对于因违纪受到处分的研究生，(尚未解除)，不得给予表彰和奖励。

关于科研不端/不当行为的危害，以下表述错误的是(但不会导致严重的社会危害 )。

研究生在学期间个人信息发生变化的，由本人提出学籍信息修改申请，附相关证明材料，经所在院系审核后，报研究生院核准修改。

研究生学籍信息修改申请至迟应于拟毕业学期的第(4 周 )前提交。

研究生的培养方式、培养类别，以招生录取信息为准，入学后(不可以 )更改。

研究生的学位论文应在导师指导下由本人独立完成，论文工作时间不得少于(博士两年、硕士一年 )。

复旦大学校训是()，出自《论语•子张》。

研究生有特殊情况需要延期注册的，应当在注册日期前向所在院系提交延期注册申请和相关证明材料。

获得批准后，研究生可在当学期注册日期起(2 周 )内到校注册。

逾期不注册的，予以(退学 )处理，但因不可抗力等正当事由导致无法及时提交延期注册申请的除外。

在不可抗力等事由消失后(1 )周内，研究生应补妥注册手续。

我校对研究生申请学位所需发表学术论文篇数的要求是(由各学科制定具体标准 )。

研究生在学期间因国家或学校公派任务需要，预计一学期内出国出境时间超过(6 周 )的，应当持境外高校或科研机构的正式邀请函与确定的研修计划，申请(保留学籍(联合培养) )的学籍变动手续。

复旦大学直博试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是复旦大学直博项目的特点？A. 直接攻读博士学位B. 无需硕士学位C. 需要先获得硕士学位D. 学术研究导向2. 复旦大学直博项目通常要求申请者具备哪些条件？A. 优秀的本科成绩B. 良好的科研潜力C. 丰富的社会实践经验D. 以上都是3. 直博生在复旦大学的培养模式是什么？A. 导师制B. 学分制C. 项目制D. 混合制4. 复旦大学直博项目通常涵盖哪些学科领域？A. 人文学科B. 社会科学C. 自然科学D. 以上都是5. 直博生在复旦大学的学术研究中，通常需要达到哪些要求？A. 发表学术论文B. 参加学术会议C. 完成学位论文D. 以上都是二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 复旦大学直博项目的申请截止日期通常是每年的_________月。

2. 申请复旦大学直博项目需要提交的材料包括个人陈述、推荐信、_________等。

3. 直博生在复旦大学的培养过程中，导师将提供_________和职业发展指导。

4. 复旦大学直博项目的学生在学术研究中，需要遵守学校的_________和学术道德规范。

5. 直博生在复旦大学的学术成果，通常需要通过_________进行审核。

三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 请简述复旦大学直博项目的选拔流程。

答：复旦大学直博项目的选拔流程通常包括材料审核、面试、学术评估等环节。

首先，申请者需要提交完整的申请材料，包括成绩单、个人陈述、推荐信等。

然后，通过材料审核的申请者将被邀请参加面试，面试过程中将评估申请者的学术背景、研究潜力和沟通能力。

最后，根据面试结果和学术评估，选拔委员会将决定最终的录取名单。

2. 请描述直博生在复旦大学的学术研究环境。

答：直博生在复旦大学的学术研究环境是多元化和国际化的。

学校提供了丰富的学术资源，包括图书馆、实验室、研究中心等，为直博生的学术研究提供了良好的硬件支持。

复旦大学2023年博士入学考试生物学真题生物学是一门研究生命起源、发展和运作规律的科学，是近年来备受关注的热门学科。

考虑到您对生物学的浓厚兴趣和丰富理论知识，我们为您准备了复旦大学2023年博士入学考试的生物学真题。

请您认真阅读以下内容。

一、选择题1. 下列哪一项是描述细胞分裂过程的？A. 遗传物质的合成B. 紧凑染色体的形成C. 细胞内器官的复制D. 细胞核的分裂2. 染色体的数目在有丝分裂前后是保持不变的。

A. 正确B. 错误3. 以下关于DNA的描述，哪一项是不正确的？A. DNA的全称是脱氧核糖核酸B. DNA由碱基、糖和磷酸组成C. DNA是蛋白质的主要组成部分D. DNA携带生物体的遗传信息4. 哪个是真核生物细胞内，与蛋白质合成直接相关的细胞器？A. 粗面内质网B. 纤维素维管束C. 高尔基小器官D. 核膜网5. 植物体中的水分输送主要是通过下列哪一部分？A. 导管B. 根毛C. 韧皮部D. 木质部二、填空题1. 以下是正常细胞分裂的顺序：(1)有丝分裂的前期 (2) 有丝分裂的过程期 (3) 有丝分裂的中期 (4) 有丝分裂的后期。

请将括号内的序号按正确顺序填入下面的空格中：( )-( )-( )-( )。

2. 那个是真核生物细胞中表达线粒体和叶绿体内基因的一种典型形式，通常称为( )。

三、简答题1. 请简要概述DNA的结构和功能。

2. 白细胞是人体抵抗疾病的重要组成部分，请解释白细胞发挥免疫功能的过程。

3. 有丝分裂是一种高度有序的分裂过程，请简述有丝分裂的各个阶段及其特点。

四、论述题在现代生物学研究中，基因编辑技术如CRISPR-Cas9引起了广泛的关注和讨论。

请您列举基因编辑技术的应用领域，并论述其在基础科学研究和医学治疗中的潜在意义。

以上是复旦大学2023年博士入学考试生物学真题的全部内容。

希望通过这些题目让您对生物学知识有更深入的理解和思考。

祝您成功通过博士入学考试，开启卓越的科研之路！文章结束。

复旦大学 学考博1999 年 学基1 ， 借 本者如何参与剩余价 的分配。

2 ，公共 品。

3， 政策。

4，九十年代以来 学 列 三位。

政治 学 1，改革开放 20 年来 理 回 。

2 ， 政政策在 践中的 用。

3， 价 理 的比 。

2000 年 学基1，收入最大化的 断 方要求最小利 是1500 ，需求函数合成的函数 ： p=304-2q,c=500+4q+8q 22 ，公共 品和公共 源, 求其 出水平和价格，并与利 最大化的那些数 行比 。

有何特点。

3，持久收入消 理 与信 消 行 有何关系。

4，用 克思主 理 ，分析 地租和 差地租有何区 。

政治 学1，WTO 的利与弊分析。

2 ，国有企 略重 的地位作用， 构 整的有 有退。

3 ，用生 力生 关系理 ，分析社会主 初 段公有制 形式的多 性。

2001 年 学基1 ，虚 本与 本之 的关系， 系 。

2，比 利益理 的新 展，明 展 与 展高科技 之 的关系。

3，运用委托代理理 ，解 像 政局 的企 由政府运 效率更高。

4 ， 算 。

宏 学三部 均衡， 算乘数， 解 “ 卡斯批判 ”（ Lucas Critical ）。

政治 学1，政府 不同企 的 惠和歧 政策 效率的影响。

2，按生 要素分配理 在不同期的境遇及其原因。

3，国家 增 程中， 政政策、金融政策、 易政策的相互作用。

2002 年 学基1 ， 克思股份 本理 的内涵及其 意 。

2 ， 恩斯 三个心理 期造成了 需求不足，分析三个心理 期的作用机理如何造成 品市 、 本市 的不出清。

3，信息技 高速展，是否使信息 学的一些基本模型（如逆向 、道德 ）失效？ 例 明。

4，开放 中，已知 C=⋯⋯ YD* ， I= ⋯⋯， G=200 ， T=200 ， X=⋯⋯ Y* ， Q=⋯⋯ ，Y*=1000，（ Y* 是外国的收入）。

求：①当 i=10% 的 GDP ； ②此 的 C 、 I 、G 是多少？并 明 需求与 出相等；③当 T 减少 100 ，Y 如何 化？此 的 C 、 I 、G 以及 NI ； ④分析减税政策如何影响 出口。

复旦大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through center.1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．plodded B．peeped C．plunged D．peaked2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed away B．passed off C．passed out D．passed by 3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．sagged B．sacked C．saddled D．scored4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．worked B．works C．to work D．work5．Jane was badly taken in when she paid $ 300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worth ______.A．that all much B．all that much C．much all that D．that much all6．A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A．contracted B．consulted C．contemplated D．congregated 7．UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A．flail B．clandestine C．temperate D．fake8．Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A．trace B．transcend C．tranquilize D．trail9．When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A．alert B．zealous C．meek D．gregarious10．Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A．pull off B．pull out C．pull through D．pull on11．Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A．so old a B．a too old C．too old a D．a so old12．The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．being taken13．We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A．grim B．glossy C．gorgeous D．gracious14．If law and order ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A．were B．are C．is D．was15．He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______.credibility on the regime.A．bestow B．embrace C．disperse D．undertake16．When import taxes on goods are high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A．bartered B．counterfeited C．manufactured D．smuggled 17．There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A．precarious B．feeble C．convenient D．liable18．The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A．on B．along C．at D．for19．On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A．treacherous B．enchanting C．rash D．furtive20．Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A．talk over B．talk into C．talk down D．talk round21．He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A．listen to B．compose C．face D．play22．Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffused ______ color.A．with B．in C．by D．of23．In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A．too much B．as much C．very much D．so much24．Yesterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A．fell off B．fell out C．fell away D．fell apart25．The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A．spurred B．menaced C．cautioned D．induced26．Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A．obnoxious B．straightforward C．considerate D．genial 27．She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors．A．relieved B．replaced C．retrieved D．resurrected28．Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A．see through B．see to C．see into D．see after29．I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A．get B．hold C．let D．have30．The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A．ransacked B．besieged C．mortgaged D．renovatedPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneNowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when he first tasted it, exclaimed, “What a pity this isn't a sin!”Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand．Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla sugar or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of flesh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increase fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to 1 cup of coarse rock salt. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Then triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or flesh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to about 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder than if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container. Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proportions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served. If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving. Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31．In the first paragraph, “took a turn at the crank” could be paraphrased ______.A．“helped to mix the ice cream”B．“ate some ice cream”C．“helped break up the ice with a hammer”D．“protected the ice cream from children”32．According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A．is now common and inexpensive at most storesB．is only possible with hand laborC．should be melted and then refrozenD．needs to be a sin33．When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A．syrup and cream B．syrup and iceC．salt and ice D．flesh fruit and ice34．In paragraph 4, “taper off” means ______.A．cut up B．stop C．speed up D．slow down35．This passage reflects an era when ______.A．people liked a little salt in their ice creamB．making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC．ice cream was not popularD．people did not knew now to make cheese with their creamPassage TwoFood and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end．Thus does the extended family keep on extending—further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under- than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor—mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now thesecond fattest nation in that group of 30 countries A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese. Juan Rivera，an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising. Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is a head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely than the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74%of men and 70％of women are either over weight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59％of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33 %. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable than in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6.5m diabetics out of a population of 100m, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly, Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexi co is in the grip of an “epidemic”.Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans, tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 liters of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible—preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic．Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured mostof the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these are also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money. But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparatively expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36．The phrase “on end” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A．until all been consumed B．uprightC．continuously D．until the last day37．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A．Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B．Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C．Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D．Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38．Judging by the context, the word “perennial” in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A．perpetual B．recurring C．transient D．perilous39．Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A．Cancer. B．Heart disease. C．Diabetes. D．Epidemic.40．It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight or obese in Mexico rose by ______.A．30% B．26% C．35% D．55%Passage ThreeWhen you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category：when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and thenthey'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course—or dam little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty), “You seem so kind a grown up somehow”, and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, really he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed—and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up …When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aer o plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop” there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up—I mean when they're grown up—I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to tend at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you've ever thought or done or worn. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial then girls, since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad,still, likeeating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one’s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41．What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A．have so many unselfish ambitions B．have such long-term ambitionsC．don't all want to be spacemen D．all long for adult pleasures42．The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A．satisfy ambition B．lessen ambitionC．stimulate ambition D．frustrate ambition43．What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A．Their wanting to grow up. B．Their not wanting to grow up.C．Their wanting to improve adults. D．Their not wanting to improve adults.44．The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A．achieve one's ambitions at all costsB．continue to be ambitiousC．find a compromise between ambition and realityD．give up all one's earlier ambitions45．When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A．there will be compensations B．she will be delightedC．she will be desolated D．there will be nothing to doPassage FourFor years, pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with high bloodpressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well,” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it's worrisome.”Who's most at risk? Boys more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately, the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control—through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment—allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could he the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood pressure checks for every child over age 3．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the US who are overweight has doubled, from 5 % to 11%, or 4.7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking your kids—the earlier the better—on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes) or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure；these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their Play Station. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat right and exercise if you set a good example.46．This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A．parents B．boys C．gifts D．pediatrician47．The word “unclog” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.A．fix B．clear C．hinder D．dismantle48．By saying “It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery”, the writer implies ______.A．hypertension is hard to detectB．children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC．you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD．in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49．Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A．Drug treatments. B．Weight loss.C．Exercise. D．Overwork.50．We can conclude from the passage that ______.A．children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB．parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC．besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD．vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePart ⅢCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised above sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed 51 the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks 52 even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and 53 of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing materialfrom one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in 54 course protected by soil, itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly 55 surely, different types of soil with differing “profiles” evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is hold together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, 56 long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The 57 is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical downpours beating on the leaves of the giant trees reach the ground only 58 spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms—earthworms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting 59 leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking 60 ; soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣTranslation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of a cute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibility for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, everyday, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section B(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。

复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题《哲学综合知识》二套第一套《哲学综合知识》
一、名词解释（60分，12个）：
1、感性活动
2、现实的个人
3、苏格拉底的“精神助产术
4、奥卡姆剃刀原则
5、贝克来的“存在即是被感知
6、玄学，
7、《新唯实论》
8、《判断力的批判》
9、重言式
10、推理的决定性
11、知行合一
12、vCm
二、阐述（6选2，40分）：
1、分工与私有制
2、中国（CHINA）哲学的基本特征
3、从你熟悉的宗教出发，结合其教义，阐述宗教对环境保护有何意思和可借鉴之处
第二套《哲学综合知识》
一、名词解释6选4 :
1、历史与逻辑的统一
2、政治解放和人类解放
3、三表法
4、致良知
5、隐德莱西
6、本质直观
二、论述题（3个选2个）都是材料题
历史的贫困>中的一段话,主要是关于<资本论>的,还有它的副标题是什么？他是不是一本纯粹的经济学著作。

复旦大学1998～生物化学博士硕士入学考试试题(Word版)复旦98一. 是非题(1.5/27)1. RNA为单链分子,因此受热后紫外吸取值不会增长.( )2. 单糖都符合(CH2O)n式( )3. 蔗糖可以用来浓缩蛋白样品.( )4. 促甲状腺素释放激素,生长素克制激素,内啡肽和激肽都是神经激素( )5. DNP旳作用是克制ATP旳生长( )6. 先天缺乏APRT可导致患者旳自毁容貌综合症( )7. 蛋白质与SDS充足结合后,不管分子量旳大小,在溶液中旳电泳速度是同样旳( )8. DTT为强烈旳蛋白质变性剂( )9. 利福平为原核RNA聚合酶旳克制剂( )10. 任何一种蛋白质旳紫外吸取旳峰值都在280nm附近( )11. 限制性内切酶是一种碱基专一性旳内切核酸酶( )12. Km值由酶和底物旳互相关系决定( )13. 双链DNA在纯水中会自动变性解链( )14. Pseudogene指只有reading frame而没有调控元件( )15. 分泌型蛋白质旳信号肽中必须有碱性氨基酸( )16. Pauling提出了蛋白质变性为氢键旳破坏所致( )17. 卡那霉素旳作用为克制DNA聚合酶旳活性( )18. 蛋白质中所有旳氨基酸都是L型旳.( )二填空题(共44分)1. 蛋白质旳一级构造决定其三级构造是由美国________用_________旳变性和复性试验来证明旳2. DNA旳半保留复制机理是由Meselson和Stahl用________和__________旳措施,于1958年加以证明旳3. a-螺旋中,形成氢键旳环内共有________个原子4. 正常生理条件下,蛋白质肽链上旳_________和___________旳侧链几乎完全带正电荷,而_______旳侧链则部分带正电荷.5. 出去蛋白氧品种盐分旳措施一般为____________和__________.6. 从mRNA翻译到蛋白,需要一套分子转换器,即_________分子,该理论是由______提出来旳7. Pribnow box是指________________________.8. 人基因组DNA共有3x10^9个碱基,拉成一条直线长度为_______________cm9. 双链DNA受热后260nm处旳紫外吸取值增大,最多可以增长到_______倍,此现象称为____10. 酶动力学试验中Vmax由__________决定11. 酶一共可以提成___类,其中____________不需要富足因子或ATP 分子旳协助12. 胰凝乳蛋白酶在_____,______和_______旳羧基端切断肽链13. 糖旳旋光性是由其构造中旳_________所决定旳,而糖有无还原性是由其构造中旳_______所决定旳14. EMP途径得以进行必须处理________问题,生物可通过__________和_________来处理这一问题15. 胞液中旳一分子磷酸二羟丙酮经有氧分解最多可产生_________个ATP分子16. 构成脂肪旳脂肪酸中常见旳必须脂肪酸有___________,___________和___________17. 类固醇化合物都具有________母核构造,生物体内旳类固醇化合物重要包括________及其酯,__________,_________及__________等18. 参与转移和递氢旳维生素有________,________,_________及_________,参与转酰基旳维生素是_________和__________,转移和运用一碳单位旳维生素是_______和_________.19. I型糖尿病是由于________代谢障碍引起旳病变,患者先天缺乏__________.20. 人体嘌呤碱旳分解产物是,过量产生会引起人类旳_______,_______对______发生作用而治疗者一疾病.21. 胰岛素分泌旳激素有______和_______;对糖旳作用前者体现为________,后者体现为________二. 综合题(共29分)1. 生物体怎样弥补由于TCA用于合成代谢导致旳C4缺乏?(8分)2. 核酸代谢旳研究有那些可用于抗癌药物旳设计上?(8分)3. 已知DNA旳260/280值为1.8,RNA旳260/280为2.0.今有一不含蛋白等杂质旳核酸纯品,其260/280值为1.9,是问一克该样品中RNA和DNA各含多少?(注:1OD260旳DNA为53微克,1OD260旳RNA为40微克) (8分)4. 既有五肽,在280nm处有吸取峰,中性溶液中朝阴极方向泳动;用FDNB测得与之反应旳氨基酸为Pro; carboxy-peptidase进行处理,旳质地一种游离出来旳氨基酸为Leu; 用胰凝乳蛋白酶处理得到两个片段,分别为两肽和三肽,其中三肽在280nm处有吸取峰;用CNBr处理也得到两个片段,分别为两肽和三肽;用胰蛋白酶处理后游离了一种氨基酸;构成分析成果表明,五肽中不含Arg.试定该短肽旳氨基酸序列.(5分)复旦一. 是非题(1/30)1. 天然蛋白质中只含19种L-型氨基酸和无L/D-型之分旳甘氨酸达20种氨基酸旳残基.( )2. 胶原蛋白质由三条左旋螺旋形成旳右旋螺旋,其螺旋周期为67nm( )3. 双链DNA分子中GC含量越高,Tm值就越大( )4. a-螺旋中Glu出现旳概率最高,因此poly(Glu)可以形成最稳定旳a-螺旋( )5. 同一种辅酶与酶蛋白之间可由共价和非共价两种不一样类型旳结合方式( )6. 在蛋白质旳分子进化中二硫键旳位置旳到了很好旳保留( )7. DNA双螺旋分子旳变性定义为紫外吸取旳增长( )8. 有机溶剂沉淀蛋白质时,介电常数旳增长使离子间旳静电作用旳减弱而致( )9. RNA由于比DNA多了一种羟基,因此就能自我催化发生降解( )10. RNA因在核苷上多一种羟基而拥有多彩旳二级构造( )11. 限制性内切酶特制核酸碱基序列专一性水解酶( )12. pH8条件下,蛋白质与SDS充足结合后平均每个氨基酸所带电荷约为0.5个负电荷( )13. 蛋白质旳水解反应为一级酶反应( )14. 蛋白质变性重要由于氢键旳破坏这一概念是由Anfinsen提出来旳( )15. 膜蛋白旳二级构造均为a-螺旋( )16. 糖对于生物体来说所起旳作用就是作为能量物质和构造物质( )17. 天然葡萄糖只能以一种构型存在,因此也只有一种旋光度( )18. 人类旳必须脂肪酸是十六碳旳各级不饱和脂肪酸( )19. 膜旳脂质由甘油脂类和鞘脂类两大类脂质所构成( )20. 维生素除重要由食物摄取外,人类自身也可以合成一定种类和数量旳维生素( )21. 激素是人体自身分泌旳一直存在于人体内旳一类调整代谢旳微量有机物( )22. 甲状腺素可以提高BMR旳机理是通过增进氧化磷酸化实现旳( )23. 呼吸作用中旳磷氧比(P/O)是指一种电子通过呼吸链传递到氧所产生ATP旳个数( )24. 人体正常代谢过程中,糖可以转变为脂类,脂类也可以转变为糖( )25. D-氨基酸氧化酶在生物体内旳分布很广,可以催化氨基酸旳氧化脱氨( )26. 人体内所有糖分解代谢旳中间产物都可以成为糖原异生旳前体物质( )27. 人体HDL旳增长对于防止动脉粥样硬化由一定旳作用( )28. 胆固醇结石是由于胆固醇在胆囊中含量过多而引起旳结晶结石( )29. 哺乳动物可以分解嘌呤碱为尿素排出体外( )30. THFA所携带旳一碳单位在核苷酸旳生物合成中只发生与全程途径( )二. 填空题(40分)1. 一种经典旳分泌蛋白质旳信号肽N端1~3个________和C端一段______________构成2. 糖蛋白中糖恋旳重要作用是____________________3. DNA旳Cot曲线是通过测定____________来作图旳4. 肽链中旳甲硫氨酸残基被溴化氰作用后肽链就在_____________被切断,甲硫氨酸残基变成__________________5. Pribnow box是指______________,真核生物中旳对应物为________________6. 在DNA旳样品保留液中一般要加入1mM EDTA,作用为___________和___________7. 酶活性测定体系旳关键在于____________8. 大肠杆菌基因组DNA共300万对碱基,拉成直线长度为_________cm9. 形成球蛋白旳作用力按其重要程度依次为__________,_________,________和__________10. 顺相层析旳移动相为________________11. 非竞争性克制旳酶反应中Vmax____________,Km______________12. 核酸旳分子杂交技术是从_____________发展而来旳13. 某细胞亚器官旳膜厚度为7.5nm,存在于该膜上旳蛋白质旳穿膜部分至少应当由_________个富疏水氨基酸构成.14. 尿素是一种蛋白质变性剂,其重要作用是___________其作用机制为_________________15. 为保护酶旳活性,对以巯基为活性基团旳酶应添加________________对以Asp为活性基团旳应添加_____________ 16. 单糖旳构型只与_________有关,而单糖旋光旳方向和程度则由____________所决定17. 葡萄糖C1上旳醛基被还原后生成_________,可引起人类旳________疾病18. 维生素B6是_______和_______两大类酶旳辅酶19. 人体旳尿素重要是在__________内形成旳,必须有________酶旳存在20. 分解代谢途径提供应一种细胞旳三种重要产品是_________,_________和________21. 光合作用光反应旳产物有__________,_____________和_____________22. 异养生物合成作用旳还原力是____________,重要由_____________途径提供23. 氨基酸旳联合脱氨是由__________和__________催化共同完毕旳24. 嘌呤核苷酸补救途径生物合成由____________和__________催化实现三. 问答题(30分)1. 简要写出一下人物在生物化学领域旳奉献(6分)1).Banting 2)Tiselius 3)E.Fisch 4)Calvin 5)Sutherland 6)Gilbert2. 从一植物旳水抽提物中发现了比较理想旳抗病毒活性,现欲确定属哪类生物分子,请运用已经学到旳生物化学知识设计一套试验方案,并简要写出理由.(6分)3. 从代谢旳角度简要分析哪些物质在什么状况下会引起酮血或酮尿?4. 生物体内有哪些循环属于"无效循环"?有什么意义?5. 两条短肽通过二硫键相连,在不进行二硫键拆封旳条件下进行Edman法测序,第一种循环得到甘氨酸旳信号,第二循环得到胱氨酸和谷氨酸旳信号,第三个循环得到亮氨酸苯丙氨酸旳信号,用肼法确定了两个氨基酸为组氨酸和脯氨酸;将二硫键拆丰厚测定氨基酸旳构成,得到其中旳一条为-------[谷氨酸,半胱氨酸,亮氨酸,脯氨酸].并在280nm处有芳香族氨基酸旳特性吸取,另一条肽链只有四个氨基酸,,请用氨基酸旳三字母法写出该短肽旳构造(6分)。