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Chapter 6 The Cognitive ApproachI. Key Points (学习要点)1. Definition (定义)The Cognitive Approach ( or the cognitive-code method/learning) is an approach to foreign language teaching which is based on the belief that language learning is a process which involves active method processes and not simply the forming of habits. It lays emphasis on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system.认知法(也称认知—符号法／认知—符号学习理论)是一种外语教学法，它认为语言学习是一种积极的心智活动过程，而不是简单的习惯形成过程。
这一教学法认为学习者要主动参与学习语言和使用语言，特别是在学习语法规则的过程中，要充分发挥其重要作用。
认知法认为语言是一个意义系统，强调在理解的基础上有意识地学习语言，其依据的理论基础是认知理论和转换生成语法理论。
2. Background (产生背景)As the Audiolingual Method was on the decline in the 1960s and many shortcomings were found in it, the Cognitive Approach developed as an alternative, in response to the criticisms leveled against audiolingualism. In the meantime the structural linguistics gave way to the generative linguistics that turned the attention from mechanistic conditioning to meaningful learning. One of the major proponents of the generative-transformational school of linguistics is Noam Chomsky, the famous American linguist. The generative linguists are interested not only in describing language but also in explaining language. In other words, they attempt to find the what as well as the why in the study of language.当二十世纪六十年代，听说法的许多缺陷显现出来并开始走下坡路时，人们都在试图探索新的教学法以满足外语教学新的需要。
