英语概括写作五步法
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高中英语“五步作文法”及例析作为英语学习四大技能之一的写作能力的培养,贯穿高中三年的教学过程,它在英语教学中的地位不言而喻。
它在高考英语试卷中所占的高分值(25-40分),也从另一个方面说明了其重要性。
可以说,一篇英语作文的优劣,某种程度上可以影响英语总成绩的高低,甚至高考的成败。
但在实际教学过程中,英语写作状况却难尽人意。
教师要么一味讲解范文,寄希望于模仿;要么放任自流,任学生自我摸索而不得要领。
更有甚者,将写不好作文的现象归咎于学生基础差,一推了之。
学生更是不知从何下手,畏难情绪严重,进而导致不愿写作文。
凡此种种,提高作文写作水平,也就成了一句空话。
实际上,作文成绩迟滞的原因,并非如此。
莎士比亚曾说过“一个人的词汇量如果达到2000,即可进行一般意义上的听说读写活动”。
而高中生的词汇量早就达到了这个标准,到高中毕业时,甚至会超过4000;高二时已学完基本语法,从理论上说,基础已经不错了。
那为什么高考时还写不出一篇像样的英语作文?这种说法显然站不住脚。
我们发现不是学生不愿写作文,而是不知如何写,也就是学生在英语写作中缺乏有效的指导。
在多年的教学实践中,我们总结出一套行之有效的提高英语作文水平的方法英语―“五步作文法”,并在教学中取得良好效果。
所谓“五步作文法”,就是针对英语写作的五个关键步骤而设计的一种方法。
“五步”即:一审,二分,三表,四统,五誊。
一、审即审题。
《英语课程标准》对英语作文的第一要求是“按要求写出内容要点”。
要想达到这一要求,严谨细致的审题过程必不可少。
对于提纲式作文,除了细审罗列要点,还要认真阅读前面的说明部分,以免忽略某些提示;图表式作文,只有透过现象看本质,才能审出要点;自由发挥式,则宜先根据内容确定要点,然后进行下一步。
二、分即根据内容分段或分层。
一篇层次分明的作文,不仅会给人留下条理清楚的感觉,而且会给人以内容充实的感觉。
更重要的是,通常高考英语作文要求写100字左右,如果一气呵成写十个句子,学生容易产生畏难情绪;或者出现要点重复、遗漏现象,文章往往显得凌乱无序。
英语discussion结尾想要发表高水平的 SCI 论文,除去要有创新的 idea、完备的实验、缜密的逻辑等,文末的 Discussion 可谓举足轻重!那么好的Discussion到底要怎样写?一、Discussion 五步结构法首先,我们来看看大牛如何总结的。
英国著名的 James Hartley 教授曾提出所谓的 Discussion 写作五步法:第一步,要重述全文的结论和成果;第二步,对比本文结果与前人文献中的结果,求同存异,并结合文献阐明相比前人研究,结果是否有所进步;第三步,表明本论文研究可能存在的局限性;第四步,针对局限和困境,提出可能的解决方案;第五步,展望未来,如果对于本试验的条件进行变更,提出一些新的问题和下一步研究建议。
01、Discussion如何写出深度和广度首先,选择要深入讨论的问题。
Discussion一开始要重新说明主要发现,用一个句子表示较为理想,太长就有重复Result内容的嫌疑,也显得累赘。
选择合适的结果在Discussion部分进行深入讨论,是写好该部分最重要的问题。
一般来说,可根据如下原则来判断:如果你的结果体现了实验的独特性,是其他研究中没有得到的,那这个结果就是要重点讨论的问题;有些结果和前人的研究一致,并没有显著性差异,就应该一笔带过而无需深入讨论。
Discussion的一个重要作用就是要突出自己研究的创新性,并体现出显著区别于他人的特点,区别大和小是另外一个问题,重要的是要有区别,区别就是创新。
对选中的问题按一定层次从多个角度进行讨论,说理要有根据、问题要讲清楚、讲透彻。
选择的问题有时不只一个(多数情况是2个以上),因此要按一定层次描述清楚。
一般来说,把最重要的放在中间,次之的放开头和末尾。
放在中间能将评审人的情绪带至,前面是铺垫,后面是总结。
这样的顺序似乎更合适。
问题无论大小,是否重要,都要从多个角度展开深入讨论:(1)首先要有类似结果的对比,说明自己结论的独特性;(2)其次要系统阐述为什么会有这样的结果,方法有多种(从实验设计角度,从理论原理角度,从分析方法角度,或借鉴别人分析方法等等)。
英文概要的步骤和技巧作文Writing an Effective Summary: Steps and Tips.Crafting a clear and concise summary is an essential skill in academic, professional, and everyday life. It involves condensing a larger text or conversation into a shorter, yet comprehensive, form that captures the main ideas and arguments. While the process may seem straightforward, there are several steps and techniques that can help you produce a well-written and informative summary.1. Understanding the Source Material.Begin by reading the entire text thoroughly. As you read, identify the main ideas, arguments, and key points. Pay attention to the introduction, which often provides an overview of the main themes, and the conclusion, which summarizes the author's findings or arguments. Mark important passages or create a summary outline to organizeyour thoughts.2. Distilling the Essentials.Once you have a grasp of the overall content, start distilling the information into its most essential form. Identify the most significant points that contribute to the overall meaning or argument of the text. Prioritize information based on its importance and relevance to the overall message.3. Structuring the Summary.Organize your summary into a logical structure that follows the original text's flow. Begin with a brief introduction that summarizes the topic and main themes. Then, present the key points in chronological or logical order, ensuring that each point is clearly stated and supported by evidence from the original text. Conclude with a summary of the main arguments or findings and any implications or recommendations.4. Using Appropriate Language.When writing the summary, use clear and concise language. Avoid冗长和复杂的 sentences and stick to active voice whenever possible. Use appropriate terminology and maintain the tone and style of the original text.5. Checking for Accuracy and Completeness.Once you have drafted your summary, review it carefully to ensure that it accurately reflects the original text. Check for any omitted or misrepresented information and make necessary corrections. Ensure that the summary is complete and covers all the key points.6. Editing for Conciseness.Remember, a summary should be shorter than the original text. Edit your work to remove any unnecessary details or redundancy. Strive to convey the main ideas in the most concise manner possible while maintaining clarity and coherence.7. Practicing and Improving.Like any skill, writing summaries requires practice and refinement. By consistently practicing on different typesof texts, you can improve your ability to distillinformation and write effective summaries. Seek feedback from peers or mentors to identify areas for improvement.In conclusion, writing a summary is not simply about condensing information; it's about understanding, analyzing, and effectively communicating the essence of a text. By following these steps and tips, you can develop the skillof writing summaries that are both informative and engaging.。
英语作文主体段落五步法English Answer:Step 1: Introduction.The introduction paragraph sets the stage for the rest of the essay. It provides background information, introduces the topic, and states the thesis statement.Background information: This information provides context for the topic and helps the reader understand the importance of the essay.Topic: The topic sentence states the main point of the essay.Thesis statement: The thesis statement is a specific statement that expresses the main argument of the essay.Step 2: Body Paragraph 1。
Body paragraphs provide evidence and support for the thesis statement. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of the topic.Topic sentence: The topic sentence introduces the main idea of the body paragraph.Supporting evidence: This evidence can come from research, personal experience, or expert opinions.Analysis: The analysis explains how the evidence supports the topic sentence and the thesis statement.Step 3: Body Paragraph 2。
五步教你写好英语作文Step 1: Understand the PromptBefore you start writing an English essay, it is essential to thoroughly understand the prompt or topic given. Take your time to read the prompt and make sure you grasp the main idea and what is expected from your essay.Step 2: Plan Your EssayOnce you are clear about the prompt, it is important to plan your essay. Create a rough structure or outline to organize your thoughts and main points. This will help you stay focused and ensure a logical flow in your writing. Consider the following structure as a guideline:Introduction- Give a brief introduction to the topic and provide some background information.- State your thesis statement, which is your main argument or point of view regarding the topic.Body Paragraphs- Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea or point related to your thesis statement.- Provide supporting evidence, examples, or explanations to strengthen your argument.- Use transitional words and phrases to enhance the coherence and connectivity between your paragraphs.Conclusion- Summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs.- Restate your thesis statement, but in a different way.- Conclude with a final thought or suggestion related to the topic.Step 3: Start Writing your EssayNow that you have planned your essay, it's time to start writing. Begin with a captivating introduction that grabs the reader's attention and clearly states your thesis statement.In the body paragraphs, elaborate on your main points in a clear and organized manner. Make sure to support your arguments with relevant examples or evidence. Use proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to convey your ideas effectively.While writing, pay attention to the overall coherence and connectivity of your essay. Use transition words and phrases to guide the reader seamlessly from one idea to another. This will help maintain a smooth and logical flow throughout your essay.Step 4: Revise and EditAfter completing the initial draft of your essay, take some time to revise and edit your work. Check for any grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, or awkward sentence structures. Ensure that each paragraph has a clear focus and contributes to the overall argument of your essay.Read your essay aloud to identify any areas that require improvement. Pay attention to the clarity of your ideas and the overall coherence of your essay.Step 5: Proofread and FinalizeOnce you have made necessary revisions, it is crucial to proofread your essay for any remaining errors. Check for punctuation errors, typos, or any inconsistencies in your writing. Read your essay carefully to ensure it flows smoothly and effectively conveys your ideas.After finalizing your essay, take a moment to appreciate your hard work and effort. Submit your essay confidently, knowing that you have followed these five steps to write a great English essay.In conclusion, following these five steps will help you write a well-structured and coherent English essay. Understanding the prompt, planning your essay, writing with clarity and coherence, revising and editing, and proofreading before finalizing are all essential for producing a high-quality piece of written work. Keep practicing and refining your writing skills, and you will steadily improve your ability to write excellent English essays.。
英语作文写作五步Title: Steps to Writing an English Essay。
Brainstorming Ideas。
Hey, guys! Got a topic for an essay? The first thing you should do is just let your mind wander and jot down any ideas that come to mind. Don't worry about organization or grammar, just let the creativity flow! Remember, no idea is a bad idea at this stage.Structuring Your Essay。
Okay, now let's get a bit more serious. After you've got your ideas, it's time to organize them. Think of an introduction that grabs the reader's attention, some solid body paragraphs to back up your points, and a conclusion that ties everything together. Easy, right?Writing the Introduction。
Alright, let's dive into the writing. Start with an interesting fact, a question, or a personal experience related to your topic. This'll hook the reader and make them want to read more. Then, briefly outline what your essay will be about. Simple as that!Developing the Body Paragraphs。
“五步”英语作文教学法【摘要】In conclusion, we will summarize the effectiveness of the "Five Steps" English Composition Teaching Method in helping students improve their writing abilities. This approach offers a comprehensive and structured way to support students in becoming proficient English writers.【关键词】引言、“五步”英语作文教学法、激发兴趣、写作背景知识、写作思路训练、写作技巧练习、评价、有效性1. 引言1.1 介绍“五步”英语作文教学法The "Five-Step" English Composition Teaching Method is a systematic approach to teaching students how to write effectively in English. This method breaks down the writing process into five distinct steps, each designed to build upon the previous one and help students develop their skills gradually.2. 正文2.1 第一步:激发学生写作兴趣的方法Another way to spark students' interest in writing is to incorporate multimedia elements into the writing process. For instance, teachers can show videos, pictures, or listen to music that relates to the writing topic. This can help students visualize and connect with the topic on a deeper level, making the writing experience more enjoyable and meaningful.2.2 第二步:引导学生进行写作背景知识的学习In the second step of the "Five Steps" English essay teaching method, it is crucial to guide students in learning background knowledge for writing. This step involves providing students with the necessary information and context related to the topic they are going to write about.2.3 第三步:组织学生进行写作思路的训练在“五步”英语作文教学法中,组织学生进行写作思路的训练是非常重要的一步。
了解一下作文的五步骤英文Certainly! Here's a comprehensive guide on the five steps of writing an essay:Step 1: Pre-Writing。
Before diving into writing, it's crucial to engage in pre-writing activities. This stage involves brainstorming, researching, and outlining your essay.Brainstorming allows you to generate ideas related to your topic. You can use techniques like freewriting or mind mapping to explore different angles and perspectives.Research is essential for gathering information and supporting evidence for your arguments. Utilize reputable sources such as books, academic journals, and credible websites to gather relevant data.Once you have a pool of ideas and information, createan outline to organize your thoughts logically. An outline helps you structure your essay by identifying the main points and supporting details.Step 2: Drafting。
高考英语:五步写一篇好作文仔细审题,确定要点。
在开始写作这前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲,列要点时,如果提示是图表,要认真审图,从图中找出要表达的信息要点,如事件发生的背景,人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等,如果有参考词汇,一定要用上。
根据要点,先词组句。
近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高,高分文章要有较多的词汇,较高级的词汇用法。
比如表达丰富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant这个词就属于较高级的词汇。
再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要”这个句子He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“强调”这个词如果你用attach much importance to 效果更佳。
确定时态及人称,内容连贯,结构紧凑。
高考书面表达评分标准明确规定,如人称错误要扣分,不同的文体一般都有基本时态。
日记通常记叙发生过的事情,多用一般过去时。
议论文多用一般现在时,通知等文体通常用一般将来时。
每个句子写好之后,句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。
比如:表示承接、递进用语,besides、what’s more,moreover,firstly,secondly,finally,from now on ,afterwards I after that,to make things worse/ what’s worse,the worst thing of all。
表示转折关系用语。
but bowever,otherwise,though,despite,in spite of…on the other hand,as,all the same。
表示因果关系用语。
because/beca use of……for,owing to ,thanks to ,due to ,so that 。
归纳总结用语。
to summarize,in short/in a word,on the whole,generally speaking,in my view,in conclusion。
英语概括写作五步法
作者:许树新
来源:《广东教育·高中》2012年第10期
读写任务分两部分:概括和论述。
虽然概括只有5分,所占比例不是很大,但是却是文章的开头,对于后面的论述起到铺垫和导入的作用,而且很多同学经常在这里失分。
写好概括,只要掌握五步法,其实很简单。
本文试以2012年广东高考读写任务题为例阐述概括写作五步法。
1. 审中文。
有的同学一拿到试卷就开始看读写任务中的阅读文章,急急茫茫想把概括先写完再写后面的论述。
殊不知概括是读写任务的一部分,与所写文章的关系是部分与整体的关系。
所以,先研究整体,研究写作主题,才知道概括的主要内容或者指向,这样既能大大降低概括的难度又能提高概括的准确性。
如2012年高考中,从“就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法”可以推测出短文一定是关于老师和学生之间的故事,重点还会落在老师对学生的影响上面。
短文中就出现了“having a great influence on her life”和“played an important part”两个和“影响”有关的字眼。
2. 找单词。
审完中文要求,就看英语阅读文章并找出关键词。
如果是记叙文,表达“谁干什么”的词就是关键词,只要抓住“谁干什么”就行了。
首先找出“谁”,把文中所有的人物都找出来。
如短文中出现了“my husband” “his student”两个人物。
然后就找“干什么”的词语,即把主要的谓语动词找出来。
文中的主要动词有:“received a letter” “thank him” “having a great influence”(第一段);“helped me discover the talent for math” “showed me the beauty of math” “made continuous progress” “have a great influence”(第二段);“(was)a wonderful gift ”“was special”(第三段)等。
3. 挑重点。
找出关键词之后,再进一步分清主次,找出重点词语。
首先是人物,谁重要一些?如果不重要就去掉,如果和主要情节有关就保留。
从文中分析可知“my husband”和“his student”两个人物都重要,主要人物是“my husband”。
其次是动词的主次问题。
第一段是“received a letter”和“thank”,第二段是“helped”和“have a great influence”,第三段是“was special”。
4. 重组合。
在挑出“谁干了什么”这些词语之后,就可以依据文章的原有意思用自己的语言重组句子,既要避免照抄原文,又不能偏离原文意思。
如根据以上重点词语可以形成如下句子:(1)My husband received a letter from his student.(2)His students wanted to thank him.(3)My husband
helped her study math and encouraged her to study it.(4)He has influenced her greatly.(5)My husband was touched because it arrived at a special time. 当然,这里还要考虑人称的问题,因为要用第三人称,所以就不可能出现“my husband”,只能转成“the writer’s husband”。
在这一步,其实形成简单句就行了,对于水平比较高的考生,可以不用写出来,直接过渡到下一步骤。
5. 定句式。
在重新组合简单句之后,从文章的情节或者重点出发,根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,运用恰当的句式,用约30个词表达出来。
如在重新考虑以上五个简单句之后,运用一个非限定性定语从句,就可以这样概括为:The author’s husband received a letter, in which the student expressed her thanks to him for encouraging her to study math and having a great influence on her. He was touched by the letter. (34 words)
从以上的分析可以看出,只要掌握好概括写作五步法,写好概括应该不是什么难事。
附:2012年广东英语高考试题之读写任务
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.
In the letter she wrote,“You were the te acher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you!”
What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters from students over the years. This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法,内容包括:
(1)上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师;
(2)举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响;(3)你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。
(作者单位:广州市铁一中学)。