121D- and 2D-architectures via self-assembly
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山东省济宁市汶上县2022-2023学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________Book review by JarradOn the weekend I read a totally amazing book called The Adventures(历险记)of Siegfried and Hannah. It was such a cool book because it was full of magical journeys to many mysterious lands. You never knew where the characters were going to end up next.The main characters are a boy called Siegfried and his little sister Hannah. They are always ready for a mysterious adventure every time they step out their door. The book contains twelve separate stories.I won’t spoil it for you, but what I loved the most was that the main characters were just like real kids. They were the sort of kids that I’d want to be friends with.I would really recommend(推荐)that you read this book, especially if you like fairies, dragons, magic, adventures and surprises. It is the best book that I have read all year. There was nothing I did not like about this book, except that it should have been longer!1.What did Jarrad think of this book?A.Common.B.Amazing.C.Humorous.D.Scary. 2.Who are the main readers for this book review?A.The students in Jarrad’s class.B.The teachers in Jarrad’s school.C.People who have read the book.D.Kids who are interested in adventures. 3.What does the cover of this book tell you?A.What the writer’s name is.B.When the book came out.C.Who the main characters are.D.In which country the story happened.When I was a little girl, I remember when my dad was doing housework, he would askme to help around, so we could have time for a talk. I never saw my dad drinking or taking a night out. All he did after work was taking care of our family.I grew up and left home for college and since then, my dad had been calling me every Sunday. And when I bought a house several years later, my dad painted it by himself in the summer heat. All he asked was to talk to him, but I was too busy in those days.Four years ago, my dad visited me. He spent many hours putting up a swing for my daughter. He asked me to have a talk with him, but I had to prepare for a trip that weekend. During the trip, I received a call. My father was in the hospital. I bought a plane ticket at once. And on my way I was thinking about all the chances I missed to have a talk with my dad. Before I arrived at the hospital, my father had passed away. Now it was he who didn’t have time for a talk with me.After his death, I learned much more about him and even more about myself. All he ever wanted was my time. And now he has all my attention every day.4.What did the writer’s dad always do after work?A.He drank with friends.B.He took care of his family.C.He took her out every night.D.He had no time to see her.5.When did the dad call the writer after she left home for college?A.On Mondays.B.On Fridays.C.On Saturdays.D.On Sundays. 6.What was the weather like when the dad painted the house for her?A.Warm spring.B.Hot summer.C.Cool autumn.D.Cold winter. 7.What can we know about the writer from the last two paragraphs?A.She has a son.B.She got to the hospital before her father died.C.She misses her father every day now.D.She took a train to see her father.Music plays an important role in the lives of people all over the world. That is why many wonder what influences their tastes in music. Could your music list show something about your personality?One study by Heriot-Walt University offered a possible answer by an experiment. Here are the results it found:Pop Music. Fans of top 40 pop hits are likely to be outgoing and honest. While popmusic lovers are hard-working and have high self-esteem(自尊), researchers suggest that they may be less creative and easy to get worried.Rap or Hip-Hop Music. People usually believe that rap lovers are more aggressive(好争斗的), but researchers have found no such connection. They say rap fans are likely to have high self-esteem and are usually outgoing.Rock or Heavy Metal Music. Although sometimes rock or heavy metal music seems aggressive, researchers found that fans of this style of music are usually quite gentle. They can be creative, but are often shy and have low self-esteem.Classical Music. Classical music lovers are typically shyer but also feel comfortable with themselves and the world around them. They are creative and have a good sense of self-esteem.Though personality alone does not explain musical preferences, this experiment helps you know yourself and others better.8.What’s the purpose of the study?A.To know what kind of music people like most.B.To tell people the importance of listening to music.C.To show people which kind of music they should listen to.D.To test the relationship between a person’s personality and his or her music list. 9.How might a person’s personality be if he or she is a fan of pop music?A.Quiet and shy.B.Serious and strict.C.Friendly and polite.D.Outgoing and honest.10.What kind of music does Mrs. Green like listening to if she feels relaxed about the world around her?A.Pop music.B.Rock music.C.Classical music.D.Rap music. 11.What’s the best title for the text?A.Music and hobby B.Music and personalityC.Fans and music D.Researchers and musicPaper, as one of the four great inventions of our country, can be seen everywhere in our life. Although it is very common, it can always play an important role when we need it.The invention of paper ended the complex(复杂的) history of ancient writing and greatly promoted(促进) the spread and development of culture.Paper is an important invention in ancient China. Writing was developed gradually from ancient times when people depended mainly on writing instruments for making ropes. At first, oracle bone(甲骨) was used as a writing material. Bamboo, wood and silk were also discovered and used during the Spring and Autumn Period. But as silk was too expensive and the bamboo pieces were too heavy, paper was produced. Thanks to the invention and popularization of paper, people could no longer use stone, wood, metal and other materials to record writing or pictures, and a large amount of ancient information was spread and preserved.Paper is quite useful in our life. It is the carrier of writing and printing. Painters use it to describe the beauty of the world, writers use it to tell the warmth of the world, and educators use it to spread knowledge.It is also used for packaging(打包). Harder cardboard is used to pack things, such as delivery boxes(快递盒). Of course, it can also be used for other purposes, such as printing paper, toilet paper, and so on.All in all, paper plays a significant role in our lives and is used for all kinds of purposes: to write, to paint…12.Which of the following cannot be used as a writing material according to the passage?A.Bamboo.B.Wood.C.Silk.D.Leaves. 13.What can we know from the passage?A.People can pack things with hard paper.B.There are three types of paper we use today.C.Paper writing was discovered in the Spring and Autumn Period.D.People didn’t use bamboo because bamboo was too expensive.14.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “significant”?A.Important.B.Useful.C.Special.D.Necessary. 15.What’s the purpose of the passage?A.To tell the usage of the paper.B.To introduce the kinds of paper.C.To introduce the history of paper.D.To show the importance of paper.二、根据首字母填空三、根据汉语提示填空四、语法填空Oct.16 is World Food Day. The UN started the day in 1979. A big number of people inand 15 million of them die of hunger each year.Most people don’t realize how much food they throw away every day. The average person throws away 50 kg of food every year. According to the UN, more than one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste each year. The amount of food wasted in Europe can feed 200 million people a year.So think twice next time you want to throw away food. Only order as 26 (many) food as you can eat in a restaurant. 27 you can’t eat all you order, take the rest home.Shen Junbo is a high school boy from Lianhua community, Haidian district in Beijing. He 28 (praise) by many Internet users for pasting (贴) poems at a nucleic acid test site (核酸检测点).29 May 4th, 2022, Shen was standing in line with his mother. They were waiting for the second round of nucleic acid test. He then noticed that the volunteers had to ask people not to get close to each other time after time because the lines on the ground were unclear.He came up with the idea of printing out poems and pasting them on the ground. In this way, people could read the poems as well as keep a certain distance from each other without 30 (get) bored.Shen 31 (careful) picked out some excellent poems online after getting back home. He used the lucky money he received during the Spring Festival to print them out at a store. It was past 11 p. m. when he finally finished pasting all the poems on the ground that night.The next morning, the residents (居民) saw the poems and were all very 32 (surprise) at what Shen did. Internet users thought Shen was such a creative boy. “I’m sure people 33 (notice) these poems whether they’re playing with their cellphones or not,” one netizen (网民) told the newspaper.五、短文选词填空When I’m in trouble, I always take out a book and read it quietly. I put my heart into it so that I can forget all the 34 . I have developed a habit of reading in this way.When I was a little boy, I was interested in comic books and storybooks. When I grew older and went to a middle school, I began to read novels, plays, essays and so on. I found I could get much from 35 . Little by little, I took a great interest in literature and last term I 36 the first prize in the composition contest among high school students in our city.The Little Match Girl makes me feel sad because she lives a hard life. Robinson Crusoe takes me into a strange world full of 37 . My favorite book is The Story of My Life because I’m deeply 38 by Helen Keller’s spirit of being strong and never giving up. Besides these, books also tell me 39 things—how to be a brave man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. In a word, good books can let me know what I didn’t know before. I have 40 not reading more books before.六、多任务混合阅读阅读短文,根据要求完成文后的题目。
国家公共英语(二级)笔试历年真题试卷汇编9(总分134, 做题时间90分钟)1. 听力第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
What is the woman going to do?SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A Have a coffee.B Attend a meeting.C Clean her office.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.What does the woman ask for?A A dress of different size.B A dress of better quality.C A dress of a bright color.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.What does the man want to do?A Take his leave.B Borrow a ladder.C Clean the roof.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What will the woman probably do next?A Go to the man's place.B Reserve an exhibition hall.C Call the Hillsboro Hotel.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.Where are the speakers?A At home.B In a museum.C In the city square.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
Why has the man hardly seen the woman lately?SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A She had a traffic accident.B She moved to another place.C She is working unusual hours.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.Where does the conversation take place?A In an apartment.B At a bus stop.C In an office.What does the man have to do now?SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A Plan a trip.B Look for a job.C Make a decision.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.What does the woman think of the journey to South America?A Exciting.B Dangerous.C Expensive.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.What advice does the woman give to the man?A Staying at home.B Going abroad.C Opening a bookstore.What is the radio program for?SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A Discussing language skills.B **munity service.C Sharing personal feelings.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.What is the second point Prof. Sheffield mentioned?A To conclude the article.B To introduce main ideas.C To give details and facts.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.What makes an excellent article according to Prof. Sheffield?A Detailed facts.B Personal style.C Formal language.What do the Hoffmans do for a living?SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A They are gardeners.B They sell vegetables.C They run a guesthouse.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.How much direct sunshine do tomato plants actually need every day?A Five hours.B Eight hours.C Twelve hours.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.Why do Irish potatoes grow better in the shade?A They have deeper roots.B They have wider leaves.C They have bigger flowers.What are the speakers mainly talking about?SSS_SINGLE_SEL17.A A summer job.B A **pany.C A birthday party.SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.What does the man's company do?A Offer food services.B Organize concerts.C Design furniture.SSS_SINGLE_SEL19.What will the man do before the party?A Play music.B Cook food.C Set tables.SSS_SINGLE_SEL20.What does the woman think of the man' s work?A Difficult.B Interesting.C Valuable.2. 英语知识运用完形填空It was a summer evening. I was sitting by the open window, reading a 【C1】______ . Suddenly, I heard someone crying, "Help! Help!" It came from the tree at the other end of the yard. I【C2】______ but it was too dark to see anything clearly. Almost【C3】______ I heard the cry again. It【C4】______ like a child, but I could not imagine what anybody would be doing in our backyard. I decided to go out and have a【C5】______ in the yard, just【C6】______ someone was in trouble. I got a flashlight and a【C7】______ and went out into the yard.【C8】______ I heard the cry. "Who' s there?" I【C9】______ as I walked across the yard toward the trees. But there was no【C10】______. With the help of my flashlight, I【C11】______ all over that end of the yard. There was no【C12】______ of anybody or anything. I came to the conclusion that my【C13】______ was playing tricks on me, probably because of the story I was reading about strange beings on the moon. Feeling rather【C14】______ about walking around in my own backyard with a stick, I went back into the【C15】______ . I had just sat down to read my book again when I was【C16】______ by the cry of " Help! Help!" this time from right behind me. I【C17】______ my book and jumped up. There, sitting on the table, was a large parrot, a bird that can copy human【C18】______ ! While I was out in the yard, it must have【C19】______ the light in the living room and 【C20】______ through the open window.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【C1】A newspaperB bookC letterD reportSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.【C2】A looked outB shoutedC sat downD listenedSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.【C3】A clearlyB madlyC immediatelyD certainlySSS_SINGLE_SEL4.【C4】A thoughtB playedC feltD soundedSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.【C5】A restB lookC partyD rideSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.【C6】A becauseC as ifD in caseSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.【C7】A knifeB stickC beltD gunSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.【C8】A StillB BesidesC In additionD Once againSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.【C9】A heardB thought overC called outD repliedSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.【C10】A problemB progressC hurryD answerSSS_SINGLE_SEL11.【C11】A searchedB travelledC ranSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.【C12】A ideaB voiceC signD sceneSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.【C13】A imaginationB feelingC neighborD friendSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.【C14】A cruelB foolishC dangerousD specialSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.【C15】A houseB gardenC garageD streetSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.【C16】A shockedB pleasedC excitedD attractedSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.【C17】A finishedB took outC droppedD picked upSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.【C18】A mistakesB mannersC speechD actionSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.【C19】A put outB turned onC broughtD seenSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.【C20】A climbed upB come inC flown outD got down语法填空This summer the city's Department of Transportation starts a newbike-share program. People【K1】______ live and work in New York will be able to travel【K2】______ (quick) and cheaply between many neighborhoods. This is important. It will make New Yorkers rethink their city and rewrite the mental maps we use to【K3】______ (decide) what is convenient, what is possible. Parks, restaurants and friends who once【K4】______ (seem) beyond reasonable travelling distance on public transportation will seem a lot closer. The possibilitiesaren't limitless, but the change will be pretty【K5】______ (impress). I've used a bike to get around New York【K6】______ decades. There's great excitement you feel from self-propelledtransportation—skateboarding, in-line skating and walking as well as biking; New York【K7】______ (have) good public transportation, but you just don't get the kind of rush I' m talking about on a bus or subway train. I enjoy biking because it is【K8】______ pleasure, not because biking is environment-friendly, improves my health or brings 【K9】______ (I) to different parts of the city. But it does all these things, too—and sometimes makes us a little self-satisfied for it; still, the reward is emotional(情感的)【K10】______ (satisfy), which beats reason, as it often does.SSS_FILL21.【K1】SSS_FILL22.【K2】SSS_FILL23.【K3】SSS_FILL24.【K4】SSS_FILL25.【K5】SSS_FILL26.【K6】SSS_FILL27.【K7】SSS_FILL28.【K8】SSS_FILL29.【K9】SSS_FILL30.【K10】3. 阅读理解阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
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冲刺2023年中考英语首字母填空临考押题(上海专用)11(一)The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has already e to an end, and Chinese athletes have made great achievements. But how will the stadiums(场馆)be used after the Olympics?The designers have already c____1____ thatquestion in their designs. The plan is to let thestadiums serve mon people and increase theiri____2____ in winter sports. Just as one of thedesigners of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics said, “The stadiums can not only serve professional athletes in the games, but also serve the public after the games. ”For example, the professional ice race lanes (车道)for athletes are 121 meters high and are not fit for amateurs(业余选手). So the National Ski and Sleigh Center has kept a special lane for mon sportlovers. The height of the lane is about 40 meters. This can make sure they will stay s____3____.The National Ski Jumping Center in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province will continue being o____4____ to the public for skiing in winter and jogging in summer. In fact, people can make use of the stadiums all year round. On the top of the center, people can walk and enjoy the beautiful scenery. There is also a standard football field that can h____5____ 6,000 people. Even concerts and cultural fairs can be held there as well.Time will tell whether the stadiums can be r____6____ made good use of after the Olympic Games. In China, 300 million people have already taken part in ice and snow sports because of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. Hopefully, that n____7____ will continue to rise with plans like these. After all, snow and ice sports belong not only to talented professional athletes, but also to everyone interested in them. (281词)答案:1.considered 2.interest 3.safe 4.open 5.hold 6.really 7.number译文:北京2022年冬奥会已经结束,中国运动员取得了巨大的成就。
广州市执信中学2023届高三年级第二次月考英语全卷满分120分,考试用时120分钟。
一、单项选择(共10 小题;每小题0.5 分,满分5 分)1. I haven’t seen ______ Maggie since I came here.A. so a lovely girl asB. as lovely a girl asC. such girl as lovely asD. as a lovely girl as2. It is reported that Americans eat too much protein every day, ______ as they actually need.A. as twice muchB. twice much asC. as much twiceD. twice as much3. Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likelycontributing to fewer injuries. It does, ______, have its own problem.A. thereforeB. howeverC. moreoverD. otherwise4. Quan Hongchan also shared how she ______ her win. She said, “I want to eat a lot ofdelicious food tonight!”A. is going to celebrateB. had celebratedB. would celebrate D. celebrates5. I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hopedB. have hopedC. hopeD. am hoping6. --- Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?--- I’m sorry, but then I ______ to Beijing. How about five?A. be flyingB. will have flownC. will flyD. will be flown7. The musician along with his band members ______ ten performances in the last threemonths.A. have givenB. will giveC. gaveD. has given8. It was the first time that China’s lecture ______ from the orbiting Chinese Space Station.A. was deliveredB. had been deliveredC. has been deliveredD. delivered9. My washing machine ______ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. will be repairedB. was repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired10. --- Do you know Russian?--- Yes, I ______ it for two years when I lived in Harbin.A. has been learningB. have learnedC. was learningD. learned二、阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
FDBZ-series of air-duct housings☐ Four (4) models available ☐ Addressable and conventional with and without relays☐ Compatible with Siemens ─ Fire Safetyconventional and addressable fire-alarm control panels (FACPs) ☐ Magnet test feature with the ModelOP121 conventional detector ☐ Design for air-velocity range of 100 to4,000 feet-per-minute (fpm) ☐ Robust, compatible conventionalremote indicator test switch that incorporates tri-color light-emitting diode (LED) ☐ Clear housing cover with smoke testport on cover for quick identification of detector type☐ Removable via four (4) captive-thumbscrews (no tools required)☐ Includes a smoke / aerosol detector test port☐ Optional NEMA 4X-reinforced, stainless-steel and watertight enclosureavailable, Model FDBZ-WT☐ No tools required for cover removal, sampling and exhaust-tube installations ☐ Trouble-event activation upon front-cover removal☐ Alarm LED visible from front ☐ Self-contained model available with ‘on-board’ power supply for conventional detectors☐ Expanded temperature range ☐ Relay models available☐ UL268A Listed, ULC-S529 Listed ☐ FM (#3010), CSFM (#3240-0067:0265) ApprovedThe Siemens ─ Fire Safety M odel ‘FDBZ’-series of air-duct-detector housings are designed for use with Siemens M odel ‘H’-series, Cerberus PRO-series and M odelOP121 detectors. (see: Details for Ordering for a complete list of compatible devices).Designed for installation directly to heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct systems, the M odel ‘FDBZ’-series of duct housings complies with National Fire Protection Association Standard (NFPA) No.’s 72 and 90A, and is Underwriters’ Laboratories Listed.When equipped, the air-duct detector housing will signal the presence of smoke being carried through the duct system. Air-duct detectors are not intended to be substituted for open-area detection.Notes: Most conventional time-control equipment guarantee only one (1) detector per zone when the detector’s operated relay function is critical. The connection of a remote lamp and a remote relay −per detector − is allowed. Refer to the installation manual of the respective conventional FACP. With either the Cerberus PRO series or FireFinder® XLS series of FACPs, up to 252-addressable detectors with relays per circuit may be used. The connection of an intelligent remote lamp (ILED) and a remote relay is allowed for each detector simultaneously.The Model ‘FDBZ’-series of air-duct housings are uniquely designed to use with thephotoelectric detector. Sensitivity of M odels PE-11, PE-11C, OP121, and 8854 conventional detectors can be verified for calibration via LED visual status or aM odel RSAW-11, M odel RSAC-11 or FDBZ492-RTL multi-color remote lamp. Agreen flash indicates the detector has passed its self-test. Amber indicates a Trouble condition, and red indicates an Alarm event.Sensitivity for M odels FP-11, HFP-11, SFP-11, HFPO-11, SFPO-11, OP921, OOH941, OOHC941, 8710, and 8713 intelligent detectors is verified from themulti-color LED of the respective detector, or its sensitivity reading may be printed by command from the corresponding FACP to an optional printer.The remote alarm indicator (Model FDBZ492-RTL) allows for manual testing via a key-switch for conventional and addressable detectors, as well as the conventional and addressable air-duct housing with relay. Model FDBZ492-RTL, which mounts remotely from the conventional and addressable air-duct housing, allows for manual relay-output control. The duct-detector remote indicator key-switch also indicates the current state of the detector.The watertight housing (Model FDBZ-WT), which allows the air-duct detector housing to be installed inside the separate NEMA 4X enclosure, is for installations for either an outdoor area or in environments where excessive moisture is prevalent.Each detector unit employs a cross-sectional sampling principle of operation. Inlet sampling tubes areavailable in four (4) lengths (see: Sampling Tube Selection Table). Outlet sampling tubes are one (1) common length and draw. A continuous, cross-sectional sample of air moves through the duct. Stratification or skin affect phenomenon that occurs in the duct can prevent smoke (especially in large ducts) from reaching a spot-type detector.In addition, the unique design of the sampling chamber ensures uniform sensitivity in air velocities, ranging from a low of 100 fpm to as high as 4,000 fpm. Each air-duct housing comes with three (3) wiring entry ports:▪Two (2) 3/4” conduit knockouts▪One (1) 1/2” conduit openingThe inlet sampling tube length is determined by the width of the air duct being protected. The inlet tube ─ greater than and nearest to the duct width ─ should be used (see: Sampling Tube Selection Table). The inlet tube can then be trimmed at the job site to the exact width of the duct. The outlet sampling tube for all ducts ─ irrespective of width ─ has a fixed length of approximately 5.5 inches (14cm.), and is supplied with the air-duct housing.Note: When the use of a remote relay is required, order Model FDBZ492-R for conventional systems; Model FDBZ492-HR for addressable systems. When required, a separate watertight enclosure (Model FDBZ-WT), which is designed to contain the air-duct housings is available.(For full details, refer to installation instructions for the respective air-duct housing.)Note: When a self-contained duct detector with power supply is required, order Model FDBZ492-PR.(For full details, refer to installation instructions - part number A6V10330327.)Sampling Tube Selection TableDuct Width Sampling Tube(Model No.)For duct widths 6” to 1’ ST-10For duct widths 1’ to 3’ ST-25For duct widths 3’ to 5’(requires support) ST-50For duct widths 5’ to 10’(requires support) ST-100Maintenance of the detector is easily accomplished via the removal of the duct-housing sampling chamber cover. The detector, which plugs into the housing, is easily removed for cleaning or replacing by a trained technician.All that is necessary for installation of the air-duct detector is the cutting of three (3) small holes for the Sampling Tube installation (template included), and the drilling of two (2) holes for mounting the air-duct housing. The unit is then easily mounted in place, and connection made to the existing wires or terminals ─ if optional accessories are utilized. No mechanical tools are required for removing the cover or connecting the sampling and exhaust tubes to an air-duct housing.Models ST-50 and ST-100 require support. However, Model ST-100 is shipped in two (2) 5-ft. (152 cm.) pieces with a coupling for field assembly.Based on the monitoring results, the LED indicator flashes the following colors based on the following conditions:*LED can be turned OFF.Please follow the corresponding description of the panel used.Flash Color ConditionFlash Interval (in seconds) Green*: Normal supervisory operation. Smoke sensitivity is withinrated limits. 10 Yellow: Detector is in Trouble condition, and needs either repair or replacement.4 Red: Alarm condition. 1No Flash: Detector is not powered. ─ ─Operating TemperatureRanges: +32°F (0°C) to 120°F (49°C)Sampling Tube Pressure Range of Differences: > 0.01 inches - < 1.2 inches ofwater column Relative Humidity: 0 - 95%; non-condensingAir Pressure: No effect Altitude Range:No limitations Air-Duct Velocity:100 ─ 4,000 ft. / min (0.51─ 20m / sec)Dimensions: (H -x- W -x- D)Rectangular: 14.38” -x- 5” -x- 2.5”(37 cm. -x- 12.7 cm. -x- 6.36 cm.)Square: 7.75” -x- 9” -x- 2.5”(19.7 cm. -x- 22.9 cm. -x- 6.36 cm.)Detector Weight:1.8 Lbs. (0.82 Kg.)▪ Short-Return (outlet) Tube ▪ Stopper▪#12 + 3/4” Sheet -Metal Screws ▪Mounting TemplateNote: Detector and Sampling Tube to be purchased separately. Minimum hardware required:− one (1) Air-Duct Housing Assembly − one (1) Sampling Tube − one (1) DetectorN OT I CE – The information contained in this data-sheet document is intended only as a summary, and is subject to change without notice.The product(s) described here ha s/hav e a specific instruction sheet(s)that cover various technical, limitation and liability information.Copies of install-type, instruction sheets – as well as the General Product Warning and Limitations document, which also contains important data, are provided with the product, and are available from the Manufacturer. Data contained in the aforesaid type of documentation should be consulted with a fire-safety professional before specifying or using the product. Any further questions or assistance concerning particular problems that might arise, relative to the proper functioning of the equipment, please contact the Manufacturer.Cerberus PRO ®Siemens Industry, Inc.Smart Infrastructure - Building Products 2 Gatehall Drive • Parsippany, NJ 07054Tel: (973) 593-2600March - 2023(Rev. 6)。
四川省成都市石室中学2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考英语试题一、阅读理解Introduction to American LawTerm: Harvard Summer School 2024Part of Term: PreCollege session IIIFormat: On CampusSection Status: OpenInstructor InfoChristopher Taggart, Doctor of Juridical ScienceSenior Lecturer, Law, University of SurreyMeeting InfoMon. — Fri. 8:30am — 11:30am (7/22 to 8/2)Participation Option: On CampusDescriptionThis course introduces students to the US legal system by considering several procedural and substantive aspects of American law. Included among the topics covered are the basic structure and function of US legal institutions; basics of subject matter and personal jurisdiction of American courts; the interaction of state and federal law in the American system of federalism; selected doctrines of constitutional law; selected topics about the American criminal and civil justice systems; and trial by jury.NotesStudents need to attend every class in its entirety to receive a passing grade of “Met All Requirements.”Program CostNoncredit: $5550All Sections in this Term1.How long was the course?A.Five weekdays B.Ten weekdaysC.One semester D.A summer vacation2.What information do we know about the instructor?A.His degree B.His publicationsC.His schedule D.His contact information3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Full attendance isn’t a must for the completion of the course.B.Students can finish the course online and offline alternatively.C.The course prepares students for basics of American law.D.Students can’t pay for the course by credit card.I first fell in love with my husband when we would sit and talk in the living room of my old apartment in front of the ceiling-to-floor windows with the long, white curtains, drinking cups of scalding, black coffee. We would just sit and talk — sometimes until sunrise. I was so completely thrilled to have finally found that one special person.However, it was not long after our honeymoon when my husband climbed into the tomb called “the office” and wrapped his mind in a shroud of paperwork and buried himself in clients, and I said nothing for fear of turning into a nagging wife. It seemed as if overnight an invisible wall had been put up between us. He just lay beside snoring like a hibernating bear unaware of my winter.When our daughter was born, she quickly became the center of my world. I watched her grow from infant to toddler, and I no longer seemed to care that my husband was getting busier and spending less time at home. Somewhere between his work schedule and our home and young daughter, we were losing touch with each other. That invisible wall was now being hardened by the mortar (砂浆) of indifference.Then tragedy struck our lives, when my husband’s younger brother was killed on September 11, 2001, along with thousands of other innocent people. He made it out okay and spoke to his wife to say he was going back in to help those that were still trapped. He was identified only by the engraving on the inside of his wedding ring.Attending our brother’s memorial service was an eye-opening experience for both of us. For the first time, we saw our own marriage was almost like my in-laws. At the tragic death of the youngest son they could not reach out console one another. It seemed as if somewhere between the oldest son’s first tooth and the youngest son’s graduation they had lost each other. Their wedding day photograph of the young, happy, smiling couple on the mantle of their fireplace was almost mocking those two minds that no longer touched.Later one night, my husband told of his fear of dying. Until then he had been afraid to expose his naked souls. I spoke of trying to find myself in the writings of my journal. It seemed as if each of us had been hiding our soul-searching from the other.We are slowly working toward building a bridge — not a wall, so that when we reach out to each other, we do not find a barrier we cannot penetrate or retreat from the stranger on the other side.4.From the second paragraph, we can learn that the author’s husband _________.A.didn’t show any affection for her B.was fully occupied with his workC.preferred his work to his family D.got tired of his nagging wife5.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.The author’s husband’s parents.B.The author’s husband’s brothers-in-law.C.The author’s husband’s brothers.D.The author’s husband’s sisters-in-law. 6.What can be inferred from the passage about the couple?A.Their brother’s death triggered their reflection on marriage.B.Attending the memorial service worsened their relationship.C.The fear of dying prevented the husband from reaching out.D.Communication was a most effective means to break the barrier.7.Which of the following best describes the author?A.Sympathetic and emotional.B.Hardworking and ambitious.C.Sensitive and sensible.D.Independent and critical.Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of various immoral acts over the past decade. They’ve wasted tons of food and they’ve contributed to excessive plastic waste in their packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to growing consumer opposition to the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to an agreement promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse and recycle all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2024.In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per cent of supermarkets’ total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the problem. Most supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering consumers a greener option. Shops like Berli’s Original Unverpakt and London’s Bulk Market are plastic-free shops, encouraging customers to use their own containers or degradable bags. Online grocer Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce from local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the lion’s share of the retail price.There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.8.Some of major UK supermarkets promise to reduce plastic waste, because _________.A.they want to take the responsibility for environmental damage caused by othersB.they promised to eliminate all plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2024C.an increasing number of people want supermarkets to reduce plastic waste they produceD.the policy issued by the authority serves as supervision to decrease plastic waste 9.What does the author imply in the third paragraph?A.Supermarkets are still denying that food waste can cause damage to our environment.B.Supermarkets are making every effort to take measures to cut down on food waste.C.Charities are to blame as they only obtain limited access to supermarkets’ total food surplus.D.Supermarkets are unlikely to avoid waste unless they disclose the exact figures of food wastage.10.What do the underlined words “take matters into their own hands” mean?A.Take the risk of completing difficult tasks.B.Deal with problems yourself after others fail to do so.C.Take the initiative to address problems.D.Settle problems in collaboration with others.11.What is author’s attitude towards the major supermarkets’ current action?A.Unsatisfied B.Indifferent C.Favorable D.UncertainImagine accessing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services with just a tap on your smartphone. What once required a hospital visit — often leading to long waits and considerable inconveniences, especially for the elderly — is now available at your fingertips.The innovative mini-program “Wang She Wen Shan” (Tongue Diagnosis and Dietary Guidance) is transforming TCM consultations. Users can now receive a detailed health report in under two minutes simply by taking a quick snapshot of their tongue. More than that, this AI-powered tool also provides personalized dietary and wellness recommendations.According to the mini-program’s developers, this transformation has been made possible through the seamless integration of the traditional TCM tongue diagnosis method with cutting-edge AI image recognition technology. The program has been trained on over 20,000 clinical tongue images, enabling it to provide accurate and convenient health assessments.Since July 2023, Guangzhou has been at the forefront of piloting TCM services with AI assistance. A research team from the South China University of Technology developed an AI-powered TCM Constitution Identification Device based on machine learning models. Trained by TCM doctors from local hospitals, this device has “learned” to identify users’ constitution typesthrough facial and tongue images and provide personalized health recommendations. By October 2023, this smart device had been adopted in 11 communities across Guangzhou, serving over 12,000 residents. In addition, other AI-driven innovations, such as prescription systems, pulse signal acquisition systems, acupuncture robots, and massage robots, are making their way into public use, bringing a high-tech touch to traditional medicine.Despite the progress made, the integration of AI into TCM is still in its early stages. One of the primary hurdles is the lack of theoretical standardization within TCM. For the same illness, different schools and experts may recommend varying treatment plans.Another challenge lies in the integration of medical and engineering technologies. Although computer applications in TCM date back to the 1980s, early systems relied on pre-programmed standards that often fell short due to the complex nature of patient symptoms. The unpredictability and variability of these symptoms pose significant difficulties for AI’s deep learning processes.Anyway, there is every reason to believe that the integration of AI into TCM will profoundly revolutionize healthcare by making TCM more accessible and efficient. It holds significant promise for underserved areas with limited medical resources. Nevertheless, as the journey is only beginning, it is crucial to acknowledge its current limitations in clinical settings. While AI offers substantial potential for TCM, accurate diagnosis still relies heavily on the expertise of physicians. AI is intended to complement — not replace — human doctors. 12.What do we know about “Wang She Wen Shan”?A.It provides invariable dietary and wellness suggestions for users.B.It requires users to take a photo of their tongue for consultation.C.It has been trained on abundant tongue images of medical staff.D.It fails to function properly without facial recognition technology.13.What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A.A glimpse of the development of AI-driven TCM innovations.B.An introduction to an AI-powered device developed by doctors.C.An insight into the potential use of AI-driven devices in TCM.D.A comparison between different AI-powered TCM innovations14.Who might benefit most from the mini-program?A.Folks in places with few experienced doctors.B.Patients with symptoms rarely seen or reported.C.Physicians with great diagnostic capabilities.D.Senior citizens with difficulty using smart phones.15.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.AI: The Future of TCM B.Doctors at Your FingertipsC.Modernized TCM with AI D.Integration of AI into MedicinePeople who experience loneliness may assume that they are unlovable, which may cause profound shame and injure self-esteem. 16 We all feel lonely at times just like we all feel hunger or thirst. There is no reason to be ashamed of being human. Here are a few ways to work through the shame and find or reestablish connections.Develop your relationships. You can be surrounded by people and still feel lonely if what you want or expect from your relationships is different from what you perceive. 17 A few minutes of honest, authentic human connection can transform how we feel. If you’re accustomed to texting friends or relatives, try a phone or video call instead. It doesn’t need to last long, but it may rekindle a friendship and lift your mood.Look for commonalities. We each have unique ways of finding friends, initiating communication and maintaining our relationships. “If you’re a bookworm, don’t expect your next best buddy at a party.” said Louise Hawkley, a research scientist who studies loneliness. “ 18 ”19 V olunteering is a way to broaden your social networks. In a study of 10,000 volunteers in Britain, about two-thirds agreed that volunteering had helped them feel less isolated. Some organizations can help you find opportunities in your area.Taking a small step toward building social connections can help your confidence. If you’re finding it difficult to initiate contact with someone or you’re feeling socially isolated, don’t hesitate to tell someone that you’re struggling. 20 “Lonely people have more control over the situation than they think they do if you reach out.” Hawkley said.A.People are not necessarily to be struck by someone like them.B.Effort and honesty are crucial to strengthening those connections.C.Don’t abandon yourself to loneliness.D.You have to look for people who share your interests and values.E.But the truth is loneliness is a universal human experience.F.Offer support to someone else.G.It could be a relative, a friend, a therapist or a health care provider.二、完形填空After moving into her new home, the mistress hadn’t finished tidying up yet. Boxes and furniture were 21 up in various corners of the house, creating a chaotic scene.She was busy organizing when, all of a sudden, the 22 went out, plunging the entire room into darkness. Frantically, she groped around, trying to find the candles and matches she had placed nearby, hoping to 23 the darkness with a flicker of light.Just then there was a knock at the door from outside. Opening the door, she found it was a small girl who 24 her little face and asked, “Auntie, is there a candle in your home?”Internally, she pondered, “ 25 could this be? On the first day I moved in, the neighbor sent their child to borrow something. Weren’t they 26 the newcomer? Today, if I lend them a candle, maybe they would come to borrow onions or garlic. No, that can’t be.”So the hostess said, “Oh dear, 27 , your aunt just moved here and didn’t prepare the candle.” After that, she was about to close the door.“Auntie, look! My mum asked me to send it.” The small girl, like a 28 , drew her hand from 29 and raised high two thick candles.Facing the 30 eyes of the girl, the hostess was shocked, weakly 31 against the door and covering her face with her hands, unable to 32 the girl’s gaze.The story reminds us not to easily doubt the 33 of others, nor34 bias against thembased on past experiences. Sometimes kindness and sincerity do 35 , and we should learn to accept and trust this act of kindness rather than overly doubting or rejecting it. 21.A.piled B.packed C.stored D.thrown 22.A.mistress B.power C.strength D.hostess 23.A.defeat B.enhance C.shorten D.illuminate24.A.rubbed B.hid C.lifted D.flushed 25.A.How B.Why C.What D.Who 26.A.comforting B.bullying C.treating D.amusing 27.A.unexpectedly B.unavoidably C.unluckily D.unpredictably 28.A.solider B.general C.mechanic D.magician 29.A.before B.behind C.above D.below 30.A.crystal clear B.navy blue C.shiny silver D.charcoal grey 31.A.knocking B.banging C.leaning D.sitting 32.A.meet B.accept C.see D.avoid 33.A.generosity B.goodwill C.integrity D.honesty 34.A.hold B.extend C.question D.deliver 35.A.vanish B.fade C.exist D.persevere三、语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1D-and 2D-architectures via self-assembly of the novel sandwich-type polyoxometalate [Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]142{Lubin Ni and Greta R.Patzke *Received 5th March 2012,Accepted 29th June 2012DOI:10.1039/c2ce25319dTwo novel 1D and 2D polyoxometalate (POM)frameworks based on the new [Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]142building block were selectively obtained from one-pot transformations of the trilacunaryKeggin-type [B-a -SbW 9O 33]92precursor via Sb/Zn exchange,followed by self-assembly of the sandwich-type polyanions.The compounds were characterized in detail with a wide range of analytical methods,including single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and various spectroscopic techniques,and their photoluminescence properties were investigated at room temperature.Electrochemical behavior of the 1D and 2D {Zn 2Sb 2}-based POMs was characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV)in sodium acetate buffer solution.Both compounds are effective catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexanol with hydrogen peroxide.IntroductionPolyoxometalates (POMs)are oxoclusters of early transition metal oxides (preferably Mo,W,V and Nb)covering an inexhaustible range of structural motifs with manifold catalytic,bioactive,magnetic and other important properties.1As POMs cross the border between molecular architectures and the nanoscale,they are essential building blocks for composites and other functional materials.2However,exerting full control over all stages of POM synthesis,from 0D molecular structures to 3D hierarchical arrangements,remains a key challenge.3We thus present a multiscale approach towards new zinc-containing polytungstoantimonates,proceeding from 0D POM building blocks over 1D polymeric chains to higher dimensional net-works.Sandwich-type transition-metal-substituted POMs (TMSPs)are a large compound class of current research interest,e.g.as versatile catalysts for water oxidation or organic processes.4,5Generally,their lacunary [MW 9-11O 33-39]n 2(M =main group element)building blocks are a rich source for new materials.4,6,8However,considerably less of them contain central transition metal heteroatoms (M =Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Mn,Zn).7Zn-substituted representatives,e.g.sandwich-type [WZnM 2(ZnW 9O 34)2]n 2(M =Zn,Mn,Ru,Pd,Pt,Rh)compounds,8display outstanding catalytic activity in key organic transformations,such as ‘‘green’’alcohol oxidation,9oxidative aromatization 10or cyclization of acetylacetone.11New structural motifs of Zn-POMs are in the focus of ongoing research activities,as illustrated by the development of the Keggin-type POM [{Zn(OH 2)(m 3-OH)}2{Zn(OH 2)2}2{c -HSiW 10O 36}2]82as a powerful catalyst for alcohol oxidation,12as well as by new hexa-sandwiched Zn-POMs 13or compounds with [{Zn 2W(O)O 3}2]4+hexaprismane cores.14Furthermore,[WZn{Co(H 2O)}2(ZnW 9O 34)2]122with 1D polymeric chains has been found to catalyze the selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde.15The [M 2(H 2O)2Bi 2(b -B-MW 9O 34)2]142(M =Co,Zn)POMs are further new examples,but their catalytic and isomerization properties remain to be investigated.16To the best of our knowledge,Zn/Sb-combinations have rarely been reported for the [MW 9-11O 33-39]n 2lacunary POM family.The novel zinc-containing polyoxotungstoantimonate[Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]142,{Zn 2Sb 2},has most recently emerged from our research as the first combination of the key {ZnW 9O 34}-building block with Sb 3+cations.17Focusing on the molecular properties,we investigated the synthetic conditions for the formation of a -and b -{Zn 2Sb 2}isomers,respectively,together with catalytic and theoretical studies.17In the following,we proceed from this 0D tuning level,i.e.the creation of new POM motifs,to an investigation into the 1D and 2D self-assembly properties of the lacunary {Zn 2Sb 2}moiety.The tremendous influence of countercations on POM assem-blies remains challenging to control,because the wide range of cation-related effects renders the selective use of countercations for POM design difficult to apply.Countercations direct the primary POM cluster type,they steer their packing motifs and the linkage of POM nodes,and they finally assist the formation of large ‘‘blackberry’’POM aggregates.18From the application-oriented point of view,all-inorganic POM catalysts are favorableInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry,University of Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190,CH-8057Zurich,Switzerland.E-mail:greta.patzke@aci.uzh.ch;Fax:+41446356802;Tel:+41446354691{Electronic supplementary information (ESI)available:Crystallographic,bond valence data,crystal structure representations,UV-vis/FT-IR/Raman and PL spectra,PXRD patterns,thermogravimetric curves and cyclic voltammograms of (1)and (2).For ESI see DOI:10.1039/c2ce25319dCrystEngCommDynamic Article LinksCite this:CrystEngComm ,2012,14,6778–/crystengcommPAPERD o w n l o a d e d b y W u h a n U n i v e r s i t y o n 22 S e p t e m b e r 2012P u b l i s h e d o n 02 J u l y 2012 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 2CE 25319DView Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issuewith respect to stability and recyclability 4so that exploring the structure-directing potential of inorganic additives is crucial for informed POM production.19Therefore,we pursued an ‘‘all-in-one’’approach using Zn 2+as an attractive,low-cost and environmentally friendly control agent for the 0D to 2D modifica-tion of the flexible lacunary [B-a -SbW 9O 33]92precursor.20Two novel polymeric Zn/Sb-polytungstoantimonates (NH 4)5[Zn(H 2O)6](H 3O)3{[Zn 2(H 2O)8][Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]}?20H 2O (1)21and (NH 4)2[Zn(H 2O)6]2{[Na 2Zn 3(H 2O)19][Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]}?14H 2O (2)22were selectively obtained from the trilacunary precursor Na 9[B-a -SbW 9O 33]?19.5H 2O {SbW 9}in the presence of zinc acetate by switching the initial Zn 2+concentration (Fig.1).Yellow crystals of (2)were formed in the presence of excess Zn(OAc)2,whereas light yellow crystals of (1)were isolated with lower Zn 2+concentrations.Interestingly,the {SbW 9}precursor is transformed into trivacant Keggin [B-a -ZnW 9O 34]122{ZnW 9}in aqueous solution through heating at 85u C and the addition of zinc cations (Fig.1).ExperimentalMaterials and methodsNa 9[B-a -SbW 9O 33]?19.5H 2O as precursor material was prepared according to the literature 23and its purity was confirmed with FT-IR spectra.Other chemicals were commercially purchased and used without further purification.Elemental analyses were performed by Mikroanalytisches Labor Pascher,Remagen,Germany.Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer BXII spectrometer with KBr pellets.Raman spectroscopy was performed on a Renishaw Ramascope 1000with a green SpectraPhysics Argon laser (wavelength of 524.5nm and 50mW capacity).TG measurements were performed on a Netzsch STA 449C between 25and 800u C with a heating rate of 5K min 21in nitrogen atmosphere.UV/vis spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 650S spectro-meter and photoluminescence measurements on a Perkin-Elmer LS 50B Spectrometer,respectively.Cyclic voltammetry experi-ments were performed using a Metrohm Computrace Voltammetric Analyzer model 757VA operated with 757VA Computrace software (Metrohm).The three-electrode cell system consisted of a 2mm glassy carbon working electrode(GCE,modified or unmodified),a saturated Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a Pt wire as the counter electrode.Synthesis of (NH 4)5[Zn(H 2O)6](H 3O)3{[Zn 2(H 2O)8][Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]}?20H 2O (1)0.377g (0.150mmol)of Na 9[SbW 9O 33]?19.5H 2O was dissolved in 25mL of water and heated to 85u C under stirring.After 20min,0.098g (0.450mmol)of Zn(OAc)2?6H 2O was added in individual portions.The solution underwent a color change from colorless to light yellow.The mixture was left stirring for 90min at 85u C,followed by cooling to room temperature and filtration.In a second step,an additional amount of 0.033g (0.150mmol)Zn(OAc)2?6H 2O was added under stirring for 0.5h,followed by addition of 1.0M NH 4Cl solution (0.25mL)to the yellow filtrate.Slow evaporation of the solution afforded yellow cry-stals after approx.10d.Yield:0.168g,38%based on W.TGA showed a weight loss of 11.6%in the 30–210u C temperature range,corresponding to the loss of coordinating and solvent water molecules (expected 11.4%).FT-IR (cm 21):1620(m),1411(s),932(vs),854(vs),837(s),707(s),675(m),432(m).Raman (cm 21):1035(vs),993(vs),872(s).Elemental analysis calcd.(found):W 56.49(54.90);Zn 7.81(8.55);Sb 4.16(4.05);N 1.20(1.13);H 1.67(1.55).Synthesis of (NH 4)2[Zn(H 2O)6]2{[Na 2Zn 3(H 2O)19][Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]}?14H 2O (2)The above synthetic procedure was modified for the synthesis of (2)as follows:an increased amount of Zn(OAc)2?6H 2O,i.e.0.053g (0.242mmol)instead of 0.033g (0.150mmol)was added in the second step.Yield:0.195g,42%based on W.TGA displayed a weight loss of 13.1%in the 30–160u C temperature range,corresponding to the loss of coordinating and solvent water molecules (expected 13.2%).FT-IR (cm 21):1623(m),1419(s),910(vs),833(vs),703(s),671(m),415(m).Raman (cm 21):1035(vs),991(vs),869(s).Elemental analysis calcd.(found):W 54.05(52.90);Zn 9.61(9.81);Sb 3.97(4.09);Na 0.75(1.29);N 0.45(0.40);H 1.61(1.50).X-ray crystallographyData collections of compounds (1)and (2)were performed on an Oxford Xcalibur Ruby CCD single-crystal diffractometer (MoK aradiation,l =0.71073A˚)at 183(2)K.Routine Lorentz and polarization corrections were applied,and an absorption correc-tion was performed using the program CrysAlis (multi-scan).24Structural analysis was performed using Win-GX for Windows software.25Direct methods were used to locate heavy metal atoms (SHELXS-97)and the remaining atoms were located from successive Fourier maps (SHELXL-97).26Further details on the crystal structure data can be obtained from ICSD/FIZ Karlsruhe via www.fiz-karlsruhe.de/icsd.html (fax (+49)7247-808-666;e-mail:crysdata@fiz-karlsruhe.de),on quoting the depository numbers CSD 424140and 424141for compounds (1)and (2),respectively.Hydrogen atoms were not included in the refinements and heavy metal atoms (Sb,Zn,and W,Na)were refined anisotropically.Oxygen atoms were refined isotropically,because anisotropic refinement of light atoms in POMs is often difficult in the presence of manifold heavy metal atoms.27Fig.1Formation of the [Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]142building block from [B-a -SbW 9O 33]92precursor and subsequent Zn 2+-assisted trans-formation into nodes for 1D and 2D architectures.D o w n l o a d e d b y W u h a n U n i v e r s i t y o n 22 S e p t e m b e r 2012P u b l i s h e d o n 02 J u l y 2012 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 2CE 25319DA summary of crystallographic data and structure refinements for (1)and (2)is given in Table S1,and selected bond lengths are summarized in Table S2.{Catalytic experimentsOxidation reactions were carried out in a 10mL round-bottom flask.Catalyst,solvent,substrate,and 30%aqueous H 2O 2were successively placed into a round-bottom flask.A Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 85u C.Reaction conditions:0.25mmol substrate,1.25mmol (30%)H 2O 2,1.0m mol catalyst,0.50mL H 2O,85u C,7h.All yields reported in this manuscript are based on alcohol conversion.Reaction products were characterized and quantified with a gas chromatograph (Finnigan Trace GC Ultra)equipped with a flame ionization detector and fitted with a ZB-5MS Phenomenex column (30m length,0.25mm internal diameter,0.25m m film thickness)using dodecane as internal reference.Products were furthermore identified by GC-MS (Finnigan Trace DSQ GC-MS systems).Results and discussionCrystal structures of (1)and (2)The compositions of (1)and (2)were determined from the combination of X-ray crystallography data with various addi-tional analytical techniques (Table S1and ESI {).Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compounds (1)and (2)shows that they dis-play different triclinic arrangements of the novel sandwich-type [Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]142{Zn 2Sb 2}polyanion which is linked by Zn 2+cations either into 1D polymeric chains in (1)or into 2D polymeric layers in (2),respectively.The {Zn 2Sb 2}moiety contains a belt of two Zn 2+and two Sb 3+cations which link the trivacant Keggin-type {ZnW 9}fragments in a sandwich-type fashion.The Zn1and Zn1a atoms of this metal belt display distorted octahedral coordination by oxygen atoms,while the two central Sb atoms exhibit distorted square-pyramidal coordinations.Furthermore,the Zn2and Zn2a heteroatoms are located on tetrahedral sites in the center of the {ZnW 9}shells (cf.Figs.S5and S6{).The bond valence sum (BVS)values of zinc (1.98–2.17for (1),1.92–2.14for (2)),antimony (3.10for (1), 2.98for (2))and tungsten atoms (5.90–6.03for (1)and 5.73–6.08for (2))are in line with the oxidation states of +2,+3and +6as expected from all analytical methods (Tables S3and S4{).28The {Zn 2Sb 2}moiety of (1)furthermore coordinates four Zn 2+cations (Zn3)via terminal oxygen atoms of four different {WO 6}octahedra (Fig.2a).These zinc cations are connecting nodes between two neighboring {Zn 2Sb 2}units via Zn–O–W bonds (Zn3–O23–W4,Zn3–O13b–W5b,symmetry code:b,2x ,2y ,2z ),and their coordination spheres are completed by fouraqua ligands (Zn–O distances: 2.074(9)–2.134(11)A˚).As a consequence,(1)displays a ladder-like 1D network of {Zn 2Sb 2}and Zn 2+linkers (Fig.2b and 2c).The polymeric chains are further connected into a 3D supramolecular network via extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal oxygen atom of the polyanion and the aqua ligand around Zn3and Zn4(O …O =2.667–2.750A˚),between the m 2-oxygen atom of the cluster and the aqua ligand of Zn4(O …O = 2.760–3.037A˚),and between two aqua ligands of Zn3and Zn4(O …O =2.834–3.049A˚;Fig.S7{).The {Zn 2Sb 2}unit in (2)coordinates six zinc cations and foursodium cations through ten terminal oxygen atoms of ten different {WO 6}octahedra (Fig.3a).The octahedrally coordi-nated Zn 2+and Na +cations can be further differentiated into two subsets.Zn8and Na2are capping the {Zn 2Sb 2}moieties and their coordination environments are completed by five water molecules.Zn5and Zn6are two connecting nodes which coordinate two terminal oxygen atoms of two {Zn 2Sb 2}units via Zn–O–W bonds (Zn5–O38–W13,Zn6–O55–W10,Zn5–O59a–W4a,Zn6–O54a–W2a,symmetry code:a,2x ,2y ,22z ;Zn–O distances:2.051(9)–2.143(9)A˚)together with four aqua ligands,whereas the Na1cation is attached to three {Zn 2Sb 2}clusters through W12,W3and W6b (2x ,12y ,12z )via m -oxo bridges as a 3-connecting node.This leads to a 2D sheet-like polymeric network of {Zn 2Sb 2}clusters in (2)which is maintained by zinc and sodium cations (Fig.3b).The topology of this network can be described as follows:the {Zn 2Sb 2}clusters represent 4,6-connecting nodes,Na1atoms are 3-connecting nodes and Zn5as well as Zn6are bridging connector ligands between two clusters (Fig.3c).Therefore,the Schla ¨fli symbol for this 3,4,6-connected trinodal network is (3.4.5)2(32.42.52.62.74.82.9)(32.62.72).The polymeric layer material (2)furthermore displays a solid state 3D supramolecular network via extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the terminal oxygen atoms of the polyanion and the aqua ligand aroundZn8Fig.2Polyhedral/ball-and-stick representations of (a){[Zn 2(H 2O)8][Zn 2Sb 2(ZnW 9O 34)2]}102polyanion in (1);(b)structure of the 1D polymeric connection in (1);(c)schematic arrangement of 1D ladder-like chain along the c axis ([Zn 2Sb 2(ZnW 9O 34)2]142=red spheres,Zn 2+linkers =blue pillars,symmetry codes:a,12x,2y,2z;b,2x,2y,2z ;b,2x,2y,2z;c,1+x,y,z).Fig.3Polyhedral/ball-and-stick representations of (2):(a)[Na 2Zn 3(H 2O)19Zn 2Sb 2(ZnW 9O 34)2]62polyanion;(b)2D polymeric net-work;(c)construction principle of 2D layers ([Zn 2Sb 2(ZnW 9O 34)2]142polyanions =red spheres,Zn 2+linkers =blue pillars,Na +linkers =yellow pillars,symmetry codes:a,2x ,2y ,22z ).D o w n l o a d e d b y W u h a n U n i v e r s i t y o n 22 S e p t e m b e r 2012P u b l i s h e d o n 02 J u l y 2012 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 2CE 25319Dand Zn5(O …O =2.686–2.818A˚),between the m 2-oxygen atom of the cluster and the aqua ligand of Zn5,Zn6(O …O =2.659–3.004A˚),and between two aqua ligands of Zn6and Zn5(O …O =2.743–2.899A ˚;Fig.S8{).Characterization of (1)and (2)Phase purity of compounds (1)and (2)was confirmed bycomparison of experimental X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD)patterns with simulated patterns from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Figs.S12and S13{).FT-IR spectra of compounds (1)and (2)display the characteristic vibration bands of the {ZnW 9O 34}unit (Fig.S10).10,11Absorption bands at 932(s),837(vs),707(vs)cm 21for (1),and at 910(s),833(vs),703(vs)for (2)are attributed to the characteristic u (W–O t ),u (W–O b )and u (W–O c )frequencies,respectively.Resonances cen-tered at 1620and 1410cm 21can be assigned to d (H–O–H)and d (NH 4)vibrations which confirm the presence of water molecules and ammonium cations as determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction.u (W–O t )and u (W–O b )vibrations of (1)and (2)are furthermore evident from characteristic Raman bands at 951and 881cm 21or 938and 876cm 21,respectively (Fig.S11).Both FT-IR and Raman spectra agree with the results of X-ray structure determination.(1)and (2)undergo similar thermal decomposition pathways as shown by the related shapes of their thermogravimetric (TG)curves (Fig.S14).Concerning (1),a rapid weight loss of 11.6%(calcd.11.4%)in the 30–210u C range corresponds to loss of lattice water molecules,followed by a slower weight loss between 130–580u C,mainly caused by evaporation of ammonia.Cyclic voltammograms (CVs)of aqueous solutions of (1)and (2)are strongly pH-dependent (Figs.S15and S16{).Upon higher pH values,the redox signals become weaker and finally vanish completely due to protonation effects.The quasi-reversible peak (I-I 9)between 20.5and 21.0V at pH 4.0corresponds to redox processes at the W(VI)centers,whilst the irreversible oxidation peak (II 9)around 0.08V can be assigned to the oxidation of metallic Sb(0)to oxygenic Sb 3+.29UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectra in the range between 190and 700nm (Fig.S9{)display two absorption bands centered at 265and 312nm for (1),and 267and 370nm for (2),respectively.Absorption bands at higher energies arise from p p –d p charge-transfer transitions of the O b(c)A W bonds,30whereas the low energy bands are likely due to O A Zn charge transfer or W–O–Sb intervalence band transfer 7b in the visible region.The colorless {SbW 9}precursor is transformed into the visible light absorbing compounds (1)and (2)with band gaps of 2.98and 2.76eV,respectively.Assembly of Sb 3+and Zn 2+via sandwiched {Zn 2Sb 2}polyanions in combination with a hybridization of O 2p orbitals with d or s metal orbitals shifts the valence band position up,thus opening up perspectives for the development of visible-light-driven POM photocatalysts.Photoluminescence properties of (1)and (2)Given that the d 10cations can influence the photoluminescent properties of the different {Zn 2Sb 2}cluster arrangements in (1)and (2),room temperature photoluminescent spectra of both compounds were recorded (Fig.S17{).Excitation at 325nm (1)and 385nm (2)led to related blue photoluminescence of bothcompounds with four characteristic emission peaks around 423,443,484and 530nm.The closed d 10electronic shell configura-tion of Zn 2+cations leads to the absence of d–d transitions in the photoemission spectra.LMCT (ligand-to-metal charge transfer)processes,however,are based on transitions from ligand p orbitals to different metal orbitals,i.e.d orbitals,low-lying s orbitals or empty p orbitals.31Therefore,the emission peaks around 423and 443nm are probably connected to {Zn 2Sb 2}cluster formation and LMCT phenomena.13In line with photoluminescence spectra of other Zn-containing POMs with related lacunary building blocks,30the emission peaks around 484nm of (1)and (2)arise from 3T 1u A 1A 1g transitions derived from O A W LMCT transitions within the {SbW 9}fragments.Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexanolMoreover,catalytic studies were explored for homogeneous oxidation of cyclohexanol into cyclohexanone by (1)and (2)in the presence of H 2O 2at 85u C for 7h (Scheme 1,cf.Experimental).The catalytic efficiency of (2)is lower than of (1)(yields:98%for (1)and 87%for (2),respectively).This may be due to a higher extent of Na-and Zn-assisted linking among the catalytically active {ZnW 9}units which might shield their active sites.Further investigations on the influence of preparative history and crystal structure on the catalytic properties of zinc-containing polytung-stoantimonates are currently under way.ConclusionsIn summary,two novel Zn/Sb-containing sandwiched polyox-ometalates [Zn 2Sb 2(B-a -ZnW 9O 34)2]n 14n 2with polymeric struc-tural motifs were obtained from the one-step reaction of the lacunary [B-a -SbW 9O 33]92precursor with Zn 2+cations in aqueous solution.The new solution-based transformation of the {SbW 9}fragment into a Keggin-type [B-a -ZnW 9O 34]122unit was induced by heating and addition of a zinc source.Arrangement of the Zn-containing building block into different polymeric networks,respectively,is steered through adjusting the Zn 2+concentration.Zn 2+cations are used for structure control on different levels:(a)as internal 0D tools for the transformation of {SbW 9}precursor into the new {Zn 2Sb 2}polyanion,(b)for linking {Zn 2Sb 2}into 1D ladders in (1),and (c)to alternatively connect {Zn 2Sb 2}nodes into 2D frameworks in (2)by increasing the Zn 2+concentration in solution.Electrochemical and luminescence properties of (1)and (2)are mainly determined by the features of the {Zn 2Sb 2}building block.Our work opens up new ways to explore and to control assemblies and structural transformations of TM-POM-based coordination polymers as tuneable functional materials.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Swiss National Science foundation (SNSF Professorship PP00P2_133483/1andSinergiaD o w n l o a d e d b y W u h a n U n i v e r s i t y o n 22 S e p t e m b e r 2012P u b l i s h e d o n 02 J u l y 2012 o n h t t p ://p u b s .r s c .o r g | d o i :10.1039/C 2CE 25319DGrant No.CRSII2_136205/1)and by the University of Zurich.L.N.thanks the Chinese Scholarship Council for a PhD fellowship.References1(a )Polyoxometalate Molecular Science (Eds.J.J.Borras-Almenar,E.Coronado, A.Mu ¨ller,M.T.Pope),Kluwer,Dordrecht,2004(b )Polyoxometalate Chemistry for Nano-Composite Design (Eds.T.Yamase,M.T.Pope),Kluwer,Dordrecht,2002;(c )C.L.Hill,Compr.Coord.Chem.II.,2003,4,679;(d )U.Kortz,A.Mu ¨ller,J.van Slageren,J.Schnack,N.S.Dalal and M.Dressel,Coord.Chem.Rev.,2009,253,2315;(e )B.Hasenknopf,Front.Biosci.,2005,10,275(f ) B.P.Burton-Pye,I.Radivojevic, D.McGregor,I.M.Mbomekalle,W.W.Lukens and L.C.Francesconi,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2011,133,18802.2(a 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