2014年职称英语 完形填空(12) +Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！最后，祝大家考试顺利！2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）……………………3页第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（6篇）……………………20页第三篇 Germs on Banknotes第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

2014年职称英语（综合类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A．pointB．tendencyC．resultD．finding正确答案：B解析：本句意思：曾经有一种倾向认为地理是一门次要的学科。

inclination 意思为“倾向，趋势”，与tendency(趋势，倾向)意思相近。

point论点，观点，要点；resulf后果，结果；finding调查发现，调查结果。

2．New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A．amazingB．depressingC．predictableD．dull正确答案：D解析：本句意思：秘书不停地更换，令人厌烦。

monotonous意思为“单调乏味的”，与dull(枯燥无味的，令人生厌的)意思相近。

amazing令人惊奇的；depressing令人沮丧的；predictable可预见的。

3．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A．furnishB．copyC．publishD．summarize正确答案：A解析：本句意思：委员会要提交一份有关住房情况的报告。

render意思为“递交，提交”，与furnish(提供)意思相近。

copy复制，复印；publish出版，发行；summarize总结，概括。

4．The group does not advocate the use of violence.B．regulateC．opposeD．support正确答案：D解析：本句意思：该团体不支持使用暴力。

2014年全国职称英语考试综合类部分真题第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分。

共15分) 真题网址：w-w-w.hbwypx.c-n 沟通方式469296725下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．A．doubtB．angerC．loveD．surprise2．I want to provide my boys with a decent education.A．speeialB．privateC．goodD．general3．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A．politeB．similarC．usualD．bad4．There was a profound silence after his remark.A．shortB．deepD．sudden5．The document was compiled by the Department of Health. A．printedB．attachedC．writtenD．sent6．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy. A．changeB．reducesC．leavesD．drops7．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.A．limitedB．allowedC．stoppedD．kept8．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village. A．killedB．jailedC．caughtD．found9．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．A．mixC．directD．stop10．What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A．advancementB．replacementC．retirementD．adveaisement11．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．A．greatB．clearC．quickD．regular12.Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．A．updateB．transferC．destroyD．establish13.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．A．combineB．breakC．sellD．close14.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A．humorousB．IongC．originalD．boilng15．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．A．denyingB．usingC．sharingD．developing详细了解河北师大外院培训中心。

职称英语新增文章（完型填空）无忧考网为大家整理了2014职称英语新增文章（完型填空）,仅供参考！！第十四篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ ScoresYoung adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more __1__ to go on to university， reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the __2__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army. The study shows a clear link __3__ good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for __4__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a __5__ in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung __6__ and that your brain gets plenty of __7__ ，” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons __8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular __9__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been __10__ to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a __11__ IQ. “We have also shown that those youngsters who __12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case6, physical __13__ is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests __14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in __15__. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.词汇：proceedings n.学报，论文集comprehension n.理解Swedish adj.瑞典的muscular adj.肌肉的注释： 1. IQ:智商。

2014年职称英语综合类A级真题及参考答案(试卷代码12)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination （倾向、趋势）to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. resultD. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous（单调乏味）regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull (枯燥无味)3. The committee was asked to render (提供)a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate （提倡、主张）the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support （赞成、支持）5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.（复制）a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred （延期）the decision for six months.a. put off（延期）b. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested （显露）themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appeared（出现）c. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.（荒谬的）a. seriousb. ridiculous（荒谬的）c. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary（不动的、静止的）in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionless（不动的、静止的）c. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.（冲突）a. povertyb. warc. conflict（冲突）d. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed（行动）for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse （相反的）proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned （跨度）16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted（延续）14. His stomach felt hollow（空的）with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty （空的）15. This was disaster on a cosmic （宇宙的）scale.a. modestb. huge（巨大的）c. commerciald. national第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Captain Cook Arrow Legend(库克船长弓箭的传说) It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum,”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,”which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with discovering the “Great South Land,” now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife, saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook’s fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook’s body was buried at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,”said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain. “But I am sure that one of these days …one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”Avalanche and Its Safety(雪崩和安全问题)An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a numberof factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not flow easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest is between35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is : A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with use; that is , the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, thd more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous process, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather conditions, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.Giant Structures(巨型建筑)It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more wonderful constructions appear.Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin TowerThe petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a height of 452 metres;the tall twin owers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur.At the 41 flool,the towers are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city.The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building provides around 1800 square metres of office space on every floor.And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other features of this impressive building include double-deckder lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The Millau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley, in southern France. At the time it was built, it was the world’s highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridge in the world. It was built to relieve Millau’s congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!The Itaipu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 andbetween the two countries. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s energy needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing wonder of engineering.Animal’s “Sixth Sense”(动物的”第六感”)A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a “sixth sense” for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,”said Matthew van lierop, an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no specific studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting,”he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessment.“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds…there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,”said Clive Walker,Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense”– or some other mythical power –is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind(警报器救盲人) If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building –and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capalbe of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. “It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms based on the same concept have already beenThe alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely(远程制止偷车贼) Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Rand all of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than thecustomer expects.An Intelligent Car(智能汽车)Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands”and “feet”, too. The minicameras on each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”. His “brain” calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet”to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts quickly. Theprocessing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures(印度为什么需要濒临灭亡的秃鹰) The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration. and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the Same areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems across the Indian sub-continent．While4their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians. vultures have long played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is because they feed on dead cows. In India. cows are sacred animals and are traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has led to an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result．And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers．Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the future．The need for action is urgent , so an emergency project has been launchedidentify the disease causing the birds deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had. Declined by over 90 percent. All three species are now listed as“critically endangered”. As most vulture lay only single eggs and take about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.Wonder Webs(奇妙的网)Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient silk called dragline. When the female spider is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumerThink parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars –but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk. “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,”says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the real thing snags bugs.Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Lneliness（心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感）Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries，but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, thethem．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally ,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities （气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险）A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development．She wa rns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and posesprofound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents." Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities..Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk (快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险)Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealth y ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．Bu t we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light （更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光）Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is o ne of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool do wn thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’sgroup discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters（鲨鱼有益于地球水系）It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person fora sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4' It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the world's oceans They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters donot become too great This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage （“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键）The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said,。

2014年大学英语专四完形填空练习题及答案(1)It is fashionable for the amateur administrators who run international sporting events to ___ 1___ that sportsmanship is a thing of the past and to put the blame for everything wrong with sport on the growth of professionalism. They ___ 2___that when the modern Olympic Games began, athletes felt that ___3___ was sufficient reward for them to compete. They are ___ 4 ___that some athletes today run as work and expect to be paid for what they do. The truth is that ___ 5___ high ideals were always an aspiration and ne ver had ___ 6___ to do with reality. The Olympic Games of 1900 and 1904 were tied up with business, because they ___ 7___ organized as a seconda ry attraction to international trade fairs. It was a frequent occurrence ___ 8___ athletes to be disqualified for breaking the rules and ___ 9 ____ one occasion the losing team in the Olympic football final ___ 10___ off the field and refused to go on with the game. The love of amateurism and the belief that ___ 11___ is important is how ___ 12___ behave on t he field, not whether you win or lose, comes from a time ___ 13___ the o nly people who played games seriously ___ 14___ to earn their leaving. E ven ___ 15___, it was common for rich men and universities in some count ries to subsidize “amateurs”by paying their bills or tuition fees.1. A. complain B. praise C. emphasize D. point out2. A. were claiming B. would have claimed C. claimed D. claim3. A. this B. that C. it D. they4. A. expected B. horrified C. happy D. grateful5. A. this B. so C. such D. such a6. A. a great many B. lot C. little D. much7. A. would be B. should be C. could be D. were8. A. that B. which C. there D. for9. A. in B. on C. at D. with10.A.walked B. set C. ran D. left11.A.what B. which C. it D. this12.A.will you B. do C. you D. to13.A.when B. how long C. that D. for14.A.need B. didn’t have C. had D. have to15.A.now B. though C. then D. if1. A) 根据上下文和语义线索可猜测句义为：那些经办国际体育赛事的业余体育官员们抱怨体育道德已经成为历史。

职称英语幺建华、孙伟、新东方押题(综合,理工,卫生)对比【幺建华】阅读理解：第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience 第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep第六篇Making Light of Sleep第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers完型填空：第三篇Giant Structures 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultrures 第七篇An Intelligent Car 第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety阅读理解：第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures完形填空：第四篇Giant Structures【新东方】阅读理解：理工类C级：一级重点文章第十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach【2013年教材新增文章】第十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience【2013年教材新增文章】第七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Sugar Power for Cell Phones第十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Winged Robot Learns to Fly 第十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Sunshade for the Planet 第十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thirst for Oil第三十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Digital Realm理工类C级：二级重点文章第二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Motoring Technology第十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Invisibility Ring第二十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Explorer ofthe Extreme Deep第二十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Plant Gas第二十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Snowflakes第二十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Driven to Distraction 理工类C级：三级重点文章第一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Citizen Scientists第五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Late-Night Drinking第六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Making Light of1 Sleep第八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第二十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eat to Live第二十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 第二十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Food Fright完形填空：理工类C级：一级重点文章第三篇nbsp;nbsp; Giant Structuresnbsp;【2013年教材新增文章】第八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 【2013年教材新增文章】第九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Wonder Webs理工类C级：二级重点文章第四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Animal's “Sixth Sense"第五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind 第六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; An Intelligent Car理工类C级：三级重点文章第一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Avalanche and Its Safety第十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness【幺建华】阅读理解：第三十七篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive 第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses 完形填空：第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk 第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 阅读理解：第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空：第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk【新东方】阅读理解：理工类B级：一级重点文章*第三十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radiocative Waste*第三十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;"Life Form Found" on Saturns Titan*第四十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety理工类B级：二级重点文章*第三十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning 理工类B级：三级重点文章*第三十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mind-reading Machine*第三十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Clone Farm完形填空：理工类B级：一级重点文章*第十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Climate Change Poses MajorRisks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇nbsp;nbsp; Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risknbsp;理工类B级无二，三级重点文章【幺建华】阅读理解：第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 第四十九讲U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars完形填空：第十三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage特别说明：完形填空记忆难度大，且每年都会存在大量换空的情况，（我们会有应对策略，对于此题型文章不用太多关注，重点先放在阅读理解重点文章的内容熟悉，至少要知道每一段的中文意思是什么――可参考翻译，问题都问了些什么。

12014年职称英语综合A考试范围综合类完形填空（今年没有增加新内容）11. School Lunch（学校午餐）Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) ______ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) ______ meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) ______ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking (4) ______ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) ______ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) ______ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) ______ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) ______ twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better (9) ______ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) ______ in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) ______ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) ______ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) ______ their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) ______ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) ______ it.词汇：canteen / kaen'ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部starchy / 'stɑ:tʃi / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的注释：1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ：……2倍的糖分……2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……练习：1. A) appropriately B) properly C) probably D) possibly2. A) give B) provide C) make D) do3. A) prefer B) manage C) want D) choose4. A) finding B) number C) figure D) factor5. A) standards B) procedures C) conditions D) ways6. A) piece B) portion C) bowl D) kilo7. A) examined B) found C) taken D) investigated8. A) take B) contain C) consume D) consist9. A) view B) knowledge C) understanding D) opinion10. A) increased B) expanded C) extended D) added11. A) criticise B) instruct C) order D) tell12. A) nutritional B) healthy C) positive D) good13. A) damage B) predict C) destroy D) affect14. A) behaviours B) styles C) attitudes D) habits15. A) prevent B) define C) decide D) delay答案与题解：1. B 本句意为“在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃”此处需要有“正当地，得体地”意思的副词。

第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活（2012年新增，未考）For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, _ better（更…）known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部）of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "From（从）our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。

David，64岁，生活在Byward塔顶部的一个三居室的单元里，一个警卫室。

David说：“从我们的卧室看去，我们可以看到伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的一个美好景色。

The Tower of London is famous for（以..而著名）its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation（犹豫）_ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always _ aware（意识到）of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to _ make（确保）sure this doesn't happen!"伦敦塔以大黑色的鸟----乌鸦而著名，它们已经在那里生活了三个多世纪。