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研究生英语多维教程——课后答案讲解学习

研究生英语多维教程——课后答案讲解学习
研究生英语多维教程——课后答案讲解学习

研究生英语多维教程——课后答案

研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·熟谙-英语课后答案Book II

Unit 1

A.

1. assess

2. alliance

3. outcome

4. ethical

5. identity

6. ambiguous

7. tolerable

8. participates

9. pursuit

10. constructive

B.

1. at stake

2. were obliged

3. the climate of

4. feel well-equipped

5. beyond my grasp

6. cut back

7. other than

8. rise above

9. care about

10. is bounded

C.

1. incompetent

2. indulgence

3. migrants

4. probes

5. complex

6. suspense; engaged

7. compassionate; committed

8. tolerant

9. tempted

10. interconnected

D.

1. A. Judging from

2. B. in which

3. C. and

4. D. believe

5. A. is one of/ is that of

6. B. must get

7. C. likely

8. D. unemployed

9. C. as well as/ and

10. B. simpler

E.

1. what

2. graduation

3. intend

4. getting

5. eventually

6. survey

7. although

8. graduates

9. transfer

10. rise

11. attending

12. instead

13. cause

14. because

15. attending

16. below

17. failure

18. expectations

19. confidence

20. education

Key to the translation from English to Chinese:

1. 德.汤说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。|| 没有挑战就没有反

应,没有发展,没有自由。|| 所以,我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们

开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。

2. 们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。||德.纽伊写道:“不

仅是一种特权,也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败,那它算什么考验,算什么自由呢

? ||美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕

业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。|| 我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里,们必须

同对现实保持警觉,有所认识;而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。||这

些话听起来很刺耳,但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力,实际上我们就

剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。

Key to the translation from Chinese to English:

1. Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but the y still have ambiguous feelings about their future.

2. A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the ideal i

sm of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.

3. We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal them s

elves in our performance in the workplace and further education.

4. It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experienc

e i

s the only path to success in life.

5. We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we k now, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the b asis of blind faith in professed experts.

6. Our task needs a large group of well-informed, caring young people who can

band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four mod ernizations.

7. If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only acquir

e a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field, but also be

ready to commit themselves to others.

8. It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote thems el

ves to examinations, the will push competence and commitment to the fringes.

9. I didn't even speak to him; much less discuss the reconstruction of your s c

hool with him.

10. Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think ex aminat

ions have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential qu es

tion --- what influence do examinations exert on education?

Reading Practice:

1.C

2.A

3.A

4.D.

5.B

Unit 2

A. 1-H

2-I

3-A

4-E

5-K

6-N

7-L

8-G

9-D

10-C

B. 1. perception

2. responsibility

3. organizational

4. marketing

5. strategies

6. assets

7. transitions

8. dilemma

9. Rivalry

10. compensation

11. whiz

12. invaluable

C. 1. Justify, justification, justifiable, justifiably, justified

2. strategic, strategy, Strategics/Strategy, strategists, strategized, strateg ically

3. finance, financial, financier, finance, Financially

4. resentful, resents, resentment, resentfully

5. perceive, perception, perceptible, perceptive, perceptibly

6. diverse, diversify, diversity, diversification, diversified

7. destroyed, destructive, destruction, destructionist, destroyers, destroying , destructible

8. markets, marketable, markets, marketing, marketer

9. prosperity, prospering, prosperous, prosperously

10. derived, derive, derivative, derivatives

D.

1. A. it even harder

2. A. that

3. C. not taking enough exercise

4. C. to have gone back on

5. B. functioning

6. D. on

7. A. object to seeing

8. B. to go with it

9. A. to expanding

10. A. anxiously awaiting

E.

1. manufacturers

2. natural

3. treatment

4. experienced

5. approached

6. relatively

7. global

8. chaired

9. sustainable

10. vision

11. extended

12. improving

13. accomplish

14. array

15. involvement

16. activity

17. rewarded

18. proposals

19. domestic

20. competitors

Key to the Translation from English to Chinese:

业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强,而且精力充沛。|| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情

况之下,他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。|| 要接替他们的工作则需

要很多的人。|| 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。|

| 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后,?对它们进行比较

。|| 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。

没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大,|| 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇

员多半担任了主要管理职务。|| 因此,应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们,

|| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。|| 改进企业

的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的

最大利益而工作

Key to the Translation form Chinese to English:

1. He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to me ntio

n an excellent managing director.

2. Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace hav

e gone to Baghdad, the capital o

f Iraq, to form a "body shield" for the purpos e of preventin

g the US from bombing the place.

3. Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate busines s than Judy.

4. Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma o

f whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.

5. More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.

6. John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled

at sports.

7.Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range pros perity of a family business.

8. You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.

9. Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people fol lowing it as a profession.

10. The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individ u

al proprietorship to a joint venture.

Q1 1) Plan a succession management. 2) Define family employment practices 3) E

stablish and maintain family harmony 4) Plan the estate.

Q2 1) Seating an outside board of directors. 2) Developing a family business v ision document. 3) Holding family council meetings.

Unit 3

Suggested Key to Vocabulary and Structure

A. 1 -d 2 - f 3 - j 4 - a 5 - i6 - h 7 - g 8 - e 9 - c 10- b

1. mobility

2. toll

3. accommodate

4. landscape

5. sprawled

6. implement

7. le gitimate

8. transit

9. electrified 10. pickup

B.1. Integral 2. better off 3. sprawling 4. emissions 5. metropolitan 6. ban 7

. commuters 8. clutter 9. accommodate 10. displaced

C.1. from coast to coast 2. the great unwashed 3.revere 4.denounce 5. tore u p

6. Short of

7. are noted for

8. constriction

9. was guilty of 10. well off

D.1. C. overcrowded 2. B. worthy 3. A. sitting 4. D. recovered 5. D. in nonsmo kers and nondrinkers 6. D. poured 7. B. unaware of 8. C. recent 9. C. out of t he question 10. B. understands

E.1. move 2. drive 3. down 4. wheels 5. out 6. without 7. majority 8. imagine

9.realize 10. plagued 11. burns 12. that 13.to 14. what 15. But 16.done 17. al together 18.on 19. electricity 20. practical

A.在历史上,吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二

战期间,当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧

洲战场。

<<麦氏汽车驾驶大全>>一书认为,“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做

GP(for General Purpose)即多功能车之意。而后,GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉

普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。

1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有,此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备

,提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛

名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该

公司说,吉普为休闲,越野车开发了新市场,它有强劲的4轮牵引装置(商业上称为4轮驱

动),过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。

B.1. The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon d

isplaced horses.

2. We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depe nd mo

re on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill p

eople.

3. While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more conveni ent

transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.

4. Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.

5. If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would rad ically reduce the emissions from automobiles.

6. A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy moveme nt from

coast to coast in the United States.

7. The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructe d

electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay dra

in-pipes not long ago.

8. Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major fa

ctor in the production of dirty air.

9. Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolit an

cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.

10. Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive us

e o

f the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.

Unit 4

Key to the stylistic comprehension of the text:

1. Part One is from paragraph __3__ to paragraph ___6__.

Part two is from paragraph __7__ to paragraph __14___.

Part three is from paragraph __15__ to paragraph __17___.

2. The five reasons for deciding to remain childless brought forward by the o utspoken couple William Peck and Ellen Peck are

A. They attach more importance to freedom,. Spontaneity, privacy and leisure.

B. They want to give their efforts to the community.

C. They fear that the younger generation will suffer from overpopulation as th

ey do now.

D. They are afraid of divorce and child abuse.

E. They are not sure whether they can become good parents.

3. According to a professor of child psychiatry, the three reasons why many y o

ung people are not so interested in family life as their parents are:

A. Parenthood life requires them to give up many things.

B. There are many other opportunities for women to find meaning in their lives .

C. They are concerned about their future and the future of their children.

Vocabulary and Structure

A.

1. a. coercive b. coerced

2. a. preoccupation b. preoccupied

3. a. reluctant b. reluctance

4. a. adolescent b. adolescence

5. a. implication b. implicit

6. a. ambivalent b. adolescence

7. a. maintenance b. maintainability

8. a. privacy b. private

9. a. enthusiasm b. enthusiasts

10. a . tolerance b. tolerable

11. a. statisticians b. statistically

12. a. rational b. rationality

B.

1. cared for

2. in terms of

3. lies behind

4. rings a bell

5. passed on to

6. went against

7. lining up

8. chiming in

9. am open to

10. brought up

C.

1. have evidenced—has evidenced

2. that prevailed—that had prevailed

3. associating—associated

4. raise—raising

5. on—to

6. on—to

7. reluctance—willingness

8. have—having

9. are the center—are not the center

10. This reflects—This is reflected

D.

1. Adolescents

2. involved

3. fact

4. Therefore

5. common

6. or

7. employed

8. fewer

9. negative

10. contribute

11. Studies

12. People

13. Tend

14. Drop

15. Grown

Key to the Translation

A

一些观察家提出,我们正在看到的这种现象根本就不是什么重大变化,或许它和性革命一

样,不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。 || 一位住在康涅狄格州的精神分析

学家说,“也许,一直就有那么一群与众不同的人存着。只不过他们现在从隐蔽外走了出

来,公开表明了他们的观点,就像同性恋者那样。||我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的

事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是

人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。

B

在最近几十年的时间里,人们渐渐地明白了一个事实,那就是:为数不多的妇女已不再接

受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教

育程度的提高是造成这一文化的重要因素。如今,百分之八十的妇女完成了四年制的高中

学习。而在1940年,完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占百分之三十。这与现在美国妇女平均晚

一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代的40%。人们

推迟了生儿育女的时间,只有不到10%的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。除此之外,越来越

多的妇女不想要孩子。工作、晚婚、不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。

1. Some professional observers believe that young people today are no lo nger interested in politics and causes, but rather, have become increasingly p reoccupied with issues closer to themselves.

2. The higher a woman’s educational attainment, the more likely she is

to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself

in the community.

3. As far as I am concerned, what really lies behind the decision of som

e married couples not to start a family is that they are so narcissistic and h ave no margin o

f love to spare others.

4. The company put on the market a registered invention even without ask ing the inventor’s permission, which goes against the patent law.

5. Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the c ountry to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.

6. According to the rule that every member should remain childless, Mr. And Ms white have no alternative but to withdraw from the Non-Parent Associ ati

on, for they will attain parenthood soon.

7. He expects to reveal, by presenting a soap opera, the complexity impl icit in real life.

8. In virtually every country, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and child abuse loon as most challenging social problems.

9. When interviewed, these elderly people rationalized why they were amb ivalent about today’s young people.

10. Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-p a

id job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive s ociety.

Unit 5

A.

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. D

10. B

11. C

B.

1. set him up

2. fit in

3. is thankful for

4. hold down

5. built up

6. gone through

7. weigh heavily on

8. working out

9. broken away

10. let my parents down

C.

1. C. will rely on

2. D. have

3. C. for which

Assembly-line workers at Ford 研究生英语应用教程-翻译训练

Assembly-line workers at Ford and Chrysler no longer chat about whether they'll spend their $5,000-to-$10,000 year-end profit-sharing windfalls on a family vacation or a motorboat. This year there's little profit to share. Many also stand to lose $10,000 to $20,000 in reduced annual overtime pay. And their white-collar bosses aren't doing much better. Ford's 6,000 executives won't be getting any bonuses. The people who sell the cars and make most of their money from commissions are suffering much the same fate. All these workers are in effect paying to keep their job--and it's a trend that's accelerating far beyond the auto industry. Suddenly, everyone from $1 million-a-year investment bankers to middle managers and department-store clerks is facing a reduction of 10% to 100% in bonuses, profit sharing, stock options and commission payments. Some workers are even taking cuts in base salaries. Many employers and economists believe this newfound flexibility in pay may help keep unemployment a bit lower than it has been in previous downturns. But even as it cushions the blow, it is also spreading the pain to far more Americans. Robert Reich, Labor Secretary in the first Clinton Administration and now a professor of economics and social policy at Brandeis University, observes that "the biggest problem people will face this time around will be not the loss of jobs but the loss of income."

研究生英语多维教程(熟谙)课后答案

研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·熟谙-英语课后答案Book II Unit 1 A. 1.assess 2.alliance 3.outcome 4.ethical 5.identity 6.ambiguous 7.tolerable 8.participates 9.pursuit 10.constructive B. 1.at stake 2.were obliged 3.the climate of 4.feel well-equipped 5.beyond my grasp 6.cut back 7.other than 8.rise above 9.care about 10.is bounded C. 1.incompetent 2.indulgence 3.migrants 4.probes https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e5241781.html,plex 6.suspense; engaged https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e5241781.html,passionate; committed 8.tolerant 9.tempted 10.interconnected D. 1. A. Judging from 2. B. in which 3. C. and 4. D. believe 5. A. is one of/ is that of 6. B. must get 7. C. likely 8. D. unemployed 9. C. as well as/ and 10. B. simpler E. 1.what 2.graduation 3.intend 4.getting 5.eventually 6.survey 7.although 8.graduates 9.transfer 10.rise 11.attending 12.instead 13.cause 14.because 15.attending 16.below 17.failure 18.expectations 19.confidence https://www.doczj.com/doc/7e5241781.html,cation Key to the translation from English to Chinese: 1.德.汤说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。|| 没有挑战就没有反应,没有发展,没有自由。|| 所以,我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的围为他们 开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。 2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。||德.纽伊写道:“不仅是一种特权,也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败,那它算什么考验,算什么自由呢3 美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕 业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。|| 我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里,们必须同对现实保持警觉,有所认识;而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。||这

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

研究生英语精读教程_课文翻译

一、你认为自己是什么样的人,那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈,而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时,这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目,涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反,悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说:“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考,那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说,“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上,这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现,在工龄较长的推销员中,积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中,乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动,便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢?据塞利格曼说,乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后,悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说:“我不善于做这种事,我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞,他责怪天气,抱怨电话线路,甚至怪罪别人。他认为,是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时,乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话,请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时,悲观者说:“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说:“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极,都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说:如果人们感到没有希望,他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来,有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利,他立刻做出反应,寻找解决办法,制定新的行动计划,并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布,行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法,他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说,两次发病间隔的时间比较长,而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中,利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈,却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中,研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生,并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者,有的是消极思考者。20年后,悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示,悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系,即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动,无法避开生活中的打击,无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品,逃避体育锻炼,不听医生的劝告,还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上,乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之,但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说,这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式,来自千万次警告或鼓励,消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长,儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感,如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感,从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯,但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中,伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中,两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗,但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究,以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此,如果你是个悲观主义者,你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法:

研究生英语 多维教程 翻译Uint6-12双语版

Unit 6 A. 正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样,大自然是“最伟大的女神”。她似乎担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。她管辖着所有的生物之间的往来,并不分厚薄地给予他们权利,因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起,就象兄弟姐妹。因而,在斯宾塞看来,生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。然而,斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。要是在当今,我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。 B. 如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的,那么,它又是什么样的一种关系呢?对我们来讲,这个变得相当复杂难解,因为正如我先前所讲过的那样,我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活,我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。假如我们是园艺家,我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州,如果我们准备改良牧场,我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。但是,如果我们还随心所欲,想做什么就做什么,那么,我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷,我们会一而再而三地想起它们,想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道,在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物。 1.大多数自然保护主义者认为,在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达,而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。 1. Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals. 2.史密史先生出示了大量证据来表明:在某种程度上,如果我们破坏大自然,那就是毁灭我们。 2. Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature. 3.西方各国的许多城市已经转换到使用新的可减少污染含量的汽油,我们中国有些城市也已经这样做了。 3. Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China. 4.正如英国诗人艾蒙德.史宾塞在一首诗里描述的那样,大自然不仅是位母亲,而且是位法官,管辖并公平地对待人类和所有的生物。 4. As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures 5.政府的一项调查研究得出结论是:除了过分拥挤和公共交通很差外,该市面临的最大问题是噪音和污染。 5. A government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution. 与所有其他动物不一样,人类具有根据自己的判断而行事的能力 6. Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgment/ understanding.

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程 课文翻译

Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期,对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈,西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元,“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁,学期当中我干活干到五、六点,暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿,也就是清洗,抛光等事,并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷,第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作,因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天,我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落,几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳,结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分,不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间,我每天都忙到晚上,然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。

[5] 走投无路之下,我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世,告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户,并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后,汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁,”他说,“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话,这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间,我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活,但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此,我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时,我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强,但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时,我l0岁。不久之后,她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果,后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作,暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工,从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动,不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。

研究生英语应用教程翻译Unit 1~4

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