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1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertiseto attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficultiesin my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation ofthe factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language forthesake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faultsof their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhenviolence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likesand those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his jobcan find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
A 1、A deficiency in educational2、A survey shows that ambitious3、All the children in deficient4、Although he was confronted with5、Electronic art is a6、After his graduation from try his luck7、As you are married spouse8、A person who has therapist9、An overwhelming majority10、A number of formidable11、a number of (hypotheses)12、About 100 years theorized13、After cutting the wheat glean14、After two hours .manifest15、almost all the real (stipulate)16、All the survivors psychotherapy17、Americans are tilt18、As a top student. .initiated19、Any action disruptB 1、Between Christmas list2、Because he was driving deviate3、Bert*s wife stick by4、Buying a stretch cost big bucks5、Bill disliked？was mutual6、Both sides have？binding onC1、Could you spare me2、Climate is especil in the case of3、Chronic in digestion come in forms D1、During the interview, certainty2、Do you kown was referred to as3、Death was criminologist4、During negotiation contentiousE1、Examples extracted from2、European TV in comparison3、Electronic art4、Examples of successful initiative5、Educators are worried cocoonF1、Foreign language learners courtesy2、for different endowments3、Faced with the to the hilt4、Feeling a threat depreciateH1、He is loved by sense2、He met with be having an affair with3、He has been watching for every mail4、He is of American origins5、He was arrested and committing6、He is a shrewd7、He left his seek his fortune8、He capabilities opening9、Having the car screwed up10、His behavior is depressive11、His friends slapped12、He showed us all gleanings13、He took her alarmingly14、He wangted to to the hilt15、His life was compartmentalized16、He was a famous articulately17、he is a very (sheer)18、He is quite different s s parklesI1、It is important that functional2、In spite of a good confronted3、It is a very demanding novelty4、In order to make some lease5、It is very interesting prevalent6、It is reported that extracting7、I couldn*t believe he had a stroke8、It is really amazing stroke9、If you want to quit goes with10、I was born and grew up11、I still feel it draw a line between12、I should not let him take on13、In that country, piled up14、It is unlikely that amount to15、If you don*t kown end up16、I asked him was working out17、In order to have a touchy18、In order to prevent in public19、It is a place where dignity20、It is the accumulated differentiates21、I have been ashamed of my refusal22、I could hear (blundering )23、In many places laissez-faire 24、In order to attract fluctuates25、in order to (get into tamper)26、it is unrealistic(infallible)27、it is reported that (conned)28、It was too dark identify29、It is always prudent30、It is wrong for destinyL1、Long time tension deviantly2、Lioyd has carved a niche for3、Life was pure miseryM1、Many discoveries sensitivity2、Many teenagers compulsion3、Many new and lease4、Many immigrants deficiency5、More than twenty confrontation6、Many people in China going through7、Most foreign visitors on their own8、My university, excellence9、My friends and I overly violent10、Many people feel run amok11、Many people stand manifestation12、Many countries have victims13、Many people enjoy wrestling14、Mr.Steele thinks victimization15、more and more people (wincing)N1、Nowadays the tradition prevalent2、Not many people beyond their dreams3、Nowdays the (instantaneously)4、Nowadays,some monstersO1、One evening, stroke2、On children*s Day, waiting around3、On this hot irresistible4、on a hot day (fling off)P1、People who are sensitive2、People feel sorry stroking3、People are expecting be done with it4、People*s appearance makes a difference5、Ping Smulling penaltyS1、Some people are very sensitive2、Statistics reveal prevalent3、Some scientists and doctor purified4、Sometimes, leasing an5、Some people believe hold our peopletogether6、Sometimes, the subtle7、She likes her new job gallivant8、Some educators holding back9、She is quite comfortable with10、She had a talent for11、She sang an emotional12、She suffered burnout13、She was absent a touch of14、She bought a stroll15、she is a good (choked)16、She's an excellent conscientious17、Some people want prestige18、Some problem student identity19、students who by the book20、such a kind (After all)21、surveys made by (fallible)T1、This book is highlights2 The applicants documents withheld3、The Chinese government compulsory4、Those who plan compulsory5、The investigation deviation6、The prevalence of complaints7、The demerits deficient8、There is no need extracts9、Two U.S Army confronted10、The proverb“spare the rod and spoil thechild”11、The documents came in response to12、That pop singer teamed up with13、They look upon training14、Ted cleaned out his desk15、The young generation hates slavingaway16、The big company corporate17、The consulant even devious18、The actress now estate19、The young woman greed20、The policeman took away violated21、These were creatures so to speak22、The strange noise turned out23、They went into a small bar counterpart24、The experienced businessman counseled25、The director told the prospective26、The problem of some adorable27、The projector is connected with28、Aside from taking twenty29、The cultural argument heritage30、The vegetarian ingredients31、They are convinced in corporate32、The minister mandatory33、The tragedy could averted34、The U.S. government rash of35、The best moral sanction36、There was a definite bias37、The British Army in the throes of38、The identical twins adjoining39、These community are likely to40、The investigation bureaucrats41、The university priority42、Through long-time currency43、The people’s shrine44、The differences irreconcilable45、The governing body constituted46、The football match wrestling47、They wrestled the whole day48、The salesman talked victimized49、The colour and manifests50、The saying he gleaned51、The boy said impulsion52、The newly-unearthed embodies53、These sculptures are embodiment54、The arrangement and embodies55、The suffering of multitudinous56、Teachers are required initiate57、the professor had (obscure)58、the treasurer (screwed up)59、the baby kept (embedded)60、To show our appreciation61、To express their multitude62、this man has (credulous)63、these islands are(nonetheless)V Viewers in Shanghai at their disposalW1、We should not turn a blind eye to2、We saw a lot of flattering3、With the encouragement take comfort in4、We had planned make up for it5、With keen insight,6、With the development believe in7、We went to specializes in8、When we visited at any given moment9、With the support multitude10、When she learned that impulse11、We should carefully impulsive12、When he was contending13、Whether the stationed contention14、When kids meddlesomeY1、You will be spared the fine2、Young people tend jump ship3、You need to bring a spare tire改错：A project --C、byA knowledge --C、itA Brazilian--C、untilA great--D、of whichAs you--D、learn better。
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2.It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people towardkeeping their mother tongue "pure."3.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they havegone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5.It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard topronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7.The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However,as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8.Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard BritishEnglish, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10.The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification ofthe English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgarmeaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly(with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and womenmust marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. tradition Speaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
ExercisesB部分1 Many people in China now cannot forget what had happened in the 10—year turmoil and no one can bear 1going through1 that again.中国有许多人现在不会忘记发生在10混乱、没有人能忍受穿越那了.2 If you want to quit your job，you have to move out of the apartment，which 1goes with1 the job.如果你想要辞去你的工作，你不得不去离开公寓时，要和工作。
3 The documents came 1in response to 1various suggestions put forward by the public.这些文件来针对不同的建议提出了以公众。
4 I was born and 1grew up1 in a world of silence，a world of hard work and necessary patience.我出生并成长在一个世界的沉默,世界上的努力工作和必要的耐心5 He met with some trouble when he was reported to 1have had an affair with1/be having an affair with his secretary.他遇到了一些麻烦,有报道称，有一腿的/有外遇呢？他的秘书.6 We should not 1turn a blind eye to 1the fact that her marriage would not break up if love and loyalty count for anything。
我们不应该视而不见的事实，她的婚姻不分手如果爱和忠诚让比分发生变化."7 Some people believe that some lies are necessary to 1hold 1our people 1together 1and better our relationship.有些人相信一些谎言是很有必要的,可以把我们的人们联系在一起,而超过我们的关系.8 He has been 1watching for1 every mail as he cherishes a hope that one day his missing brother will contact him。
Unit 1 travel languageThe Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as “internet”or “byte stream”just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face.Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king’s English prevlent in America, where “honour”is commonly written as “honor”and “night”as “nite,”many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk –a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby’s matinee jacket is a vest. It’s obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that whatused to be the king’s lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate.The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers “a speedy execution”and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to “please hung yourself here.”One hopes that nobody took the advice literally.To these I can add some of my own experiences, encountered in long years of traveling the world. There was, for example, the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that “revolting new ideas”were being marketed, and the boast of some Bombay bakers that “we are No. 1 loafers, best values in whole town.”I realized how far Christinanity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist: The teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists.I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages. I feel quite strongly, however, that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate that he is a “Specialist in Women and Other Diseases.”Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual signs. One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments. Nevertheless, the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the followinginstruction for the use of the life (elevator) might well prefer to walk: “To move the life, push button to wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should push number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by natural order. Button retaining pressed position shows received command for visiting station.”The less sophisticated notice in Istanbul (“To call room service, please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE”) at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work. In Turkey, the delight in “straight talk”expresses itself in the by-now-famous Ankara brochure which advises, “Visit our restaurant where you can eat Middle East foods in an European Ambulance.”A note on a Swiss menu that “Our wines leave nothing to hope for”was equally inviting.Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire. A notice in the hotel rooms that “the honoured guests are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 o’clock”might, however, result in some unplanned traffic jams. A recent Moscow exhibition’s announcement drew attention to “a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years”–hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor.A Bangkok laundry’s advertisement to the visiting public (“Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself”) could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spendthe afternoon having a good time.It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilingual Palma announcement that dancing was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, “Baile! Baile! Baile!”in Spanish, “T anz! T anz! Tanz!”in German, and “Balls! Balls! Balls!”in what was meant to be English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are known to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: “It is strictly forbidden on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.”I am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proved a real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an Austrian hotel room he found the sign: “If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.”There are undoubtedly more and varied versions of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process.Unit 2 Lies and TruthWhat is truth? –and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes a lie?Philosophers, teachers, and religious leaders from all cultures and periods of history have offered many answers to these questions. Among Euro-North-American writers, there is general agreement on two points. The first is that what we call a “lie”must be told intentionally –that is, if someone tells an untruth but they believe it to be true, we don’t consider them a liar. The second point is that practically everyone lies, and lies frequently. But there the agreement ends.One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that we should try to find ways avoid doing it. The reason is that lying hurts not only the listener, but also the liar. Each lie makes the next one easier to tell, and the liar comes not only to disrespect herself, but to mistrust others, whom she believes will lie as easily as she. In a society, where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation can not exist. Furthermore, by lying to people, we remove their power to make important choices about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medical treatment to take.Toward the opposite extreme is the position that although some lies are evil, many others are not –in fact, they are necessary to hold our society together. We lie in harmless ways to protect other’s feelings and to better our relationship. These are not lies that try to hurt others. We laugh at the boss’s joke which we have heard before and which she doesn’t tell very well; we pretend interest in a friend’s story of something uninteresting that happened to him. If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business, we may lie in response. Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even the life of another person.On a larger scale, government may protect national security by lying.Each person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie. Obviously, this point varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. A sometimes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars suffer, but as you go through life, you find that often they don’t: in fact, dishonest people often seem to prosper more than honest ones. What are you to do with this realization? It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison, and you may begin to question them. It takes a great deal of strength and courage to continue living an honest life in the face of such reality.Little white lies: This is our name for lies that we consider harmless and socially acceptable. They are usually told to protect the liar or the feelings of the listener. Most of them would be considered social lies, and they include apologies and excuses: “I tried to call you, but your line was busy.”“You’re kidding! You don’t look like you’ve gained a pound.”Some people, however, would consider it acceptable to lie to save themselves from responsibility in a business transaction: “After I got home, I noticed that it was broken, so I’m returning it and would like my money back.”Occasionally a “little white lie”may have a very profound effect on the lives of the listeners, and may even backfire. Author Stephanie Ercsson tells of the well-meaning U.S. Army sergeant who told a lie about one of his men who had been killed in action. Thesergeant reported the man as “missing in action,”not killed, so that the military would continue sending money to the dead man’s family every month. What he didn’t consider was that because of his lie, the family continued to live in that narrow space between hope and loss, always watching for the mail or jumping when the telephone or the doorbell rang. They never were able to go through the normal process of sorrowing for, and then accepting, the death of their father and husband. The wife never remarried. Which was worse, the lie or the truth? Did the sergeant have the right to do what he did to them?What we really mean when we call an untruth a “little white lie”is that we think it was justifiable. Into this category fall many of the lies told within the walls of government. A person may lie to government, or a government official may lie to the public, and believe that by doing so, he becomes a hero. Clearly, however, one person’s “little white lie”is another person’s “dirty lie.”That brings us to the second category:Dirty lies: There are lies told with intent to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar. Into this category fall the lies of some dishonest salespersons, mechanics, repairmen; husbands or wives who are having an affair with someone else; teenagers who lie to get out of the house in order to do things that their parents would die if they knew about it; drug addicts who beg family members for money to support their habit. Dirty lies my be told to improve one person’s reputation by destroying another’s, to hurt a colleague’s chances of promotion so that the liar will be advanced.Lies of omission: Some people believe that lying covers not only what you say, but alsowhat you choose not to say. If you’re trying to sell a car that burns a lot of oil, but the buyer don’t ask about that particular feature, is it a lie not to tell them? In the United States, a favorite place to withhold the truth is on people’s income tax returns. The government considers this an unquestionable lie, and if caught, these people are severely punished. If omission can be lying, history books are great liars. Until recently, most U.S. history textbooks painted Christopher Columbus purely as a hero, the man who “discovered America,”and had nothing to say about his darker side. Moreover, most Native American and African-American contributors to science, technology, invention, literature, art, discovery, and other areas of civilization used to be omitted form children’s schoolbooks. Many people considered this a lie, and today’s history books usually mention at least some of it, though not as much as some people might like.False promises: This category is made up of promises that the promiser knows are false, that he has no intention of keeping even as the world leave his lips. While some are fairly harmless and social, others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener: “I’ll never do it again, I promise.”Advertisers and politicians suffer from terrible stereotypes because of the false promises of some of their number: “Lose 50 pounds in two weeks.”“Read my lips: No new taxes.”Probably everyone would agree that if we make a promise but have no intention of keeping it, we lie. But what if we really do plan to keep it, and then something happens to prevent it? Consider the journalist who promises not to indentify his resources, but then is pressured by his newspaper or by the law. How far should he go to keep his word?If he breaks his promise, is he dishonest?Lies to oneself: This is perhaps the saddest and most pathetic kind of lying. These are the lies that prevent us from making needed changes in ourselves: “I know I drank/spent/ate too much yesterday, but I can control it any time I really want to.”But there is a fine line between normal dreams and ambitions on the one hand, and deceiving ourselves on the other, and we have to be careful where we draw it. It’s common for young people to dream of rising to the top of their company, of winning a Nobel Prize, of becoming famous or rich; but is that self-deception, or simply human nature? Were they lying to themselves? More likely, they really believed that such a future was open to them, because they had seen it happen to others. We shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves, but if we have turned a blind eye to our faults, we should take an honest look in the mirror.There is no question that the terms “lying”and “honesty”have definitions that vary across culture boundaries. Members of one culture may stereotype members of another as “great liars,”“untrustworthy,”or “afraid to face the truth.”But what may lie behind these differences is that one culture values factual information even if it hurts, while another places more value on sensitivity to other people’s feelings. While the members of each culture believe that of course their values are the right ones, they are unlikely to convince members of other cultures to change over. And that’s “the truth.”Unit 3 Generation XIt’s often said that kids today aren’t what they used to be. But is this new generation ofteenagers and young adults, commonly referred to as “Generation X”or the “baby busters,”really so different from previous generations? What makes them tick? What impact will they have on us and our institutions as we move into the future?Current TrendsTwenty years ago, employers didn’t worry about finding enough good people. Just like a box of tissues, there was always another candidate that would pop right up. But the 18-year baby boom of 1946-1964, when birth rates peaked at 25.3 births per 1,000 population, was followed by the 11-year “baby bust,”when the rate fell to a low of 14.6 births per 1,000. This means the smallest pool of entry-level workers since the 1930s. “Generation X,”as they were dubbed in a 1991 novel by Canadian writer Douglas Coupland, realize the numbers are on their side. They are now mainly in their 20s, and they see themselves as very marketable in the workplace. They feel that they can be patient when choosing a job, and they can look for the best wages.This generation has watched more TV, and as a result has probably witnessed more violence and murders, than any generations in history. In addition, their gloomy view of the world has been shaped by numerous negative events, such as the Persian Gulf War, escalating crime, riots, AIDS, the nuclear threat, and pollution.They parents practiced birth control and abortion and were highly concerned about “making it”financially. About 40% of X’ers are products of divorce, and many were brought up in single-parent homes. The emotional upheaval and conflict this causes helped shapetheir view of the family and the world. It seems to have sent out a negative message to X’ers about their value and worth.Many young believe that their economic prospects are gloomy. They believe that they will not do as well financially as their parents or their grandparents. They know that the average income for young people, even with two or three college degrees, has declined significantly over the past generations. Many feel that their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak.Couple with the high divorce rate with the fact that many were latchkey children and you get a generation who may have had more time alone than any in history. They are also the first to spend considerable time in day care. At home, they were weaned on TV, high tech, video games, and computers. They became independent at a young age. Many had to grow up fast, taking on family responsibilities or part-time jobs to help out. All this has helped them become very freedom-minded, individualistic,and self-absorbed.Many resent the fact that their parents were not home to spend more time with them. An often heard sentiment is that things will be different when they raise their own families.The loyalty and commitment to the workplace that previous generations had is gone. Generation X’ers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Thirty or more years of loyalty sometimes ended with a security guard helping them to clean out their desks and escorting them out the door. Their parents’dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs.Young people feel there is no such thing as job security. They feel they don’t want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment from the top. They can’t believe that their boomer bosses spend 60 or more hours a week at a job that they constantly complain about. They strongly believe there is life after work.Generation X’ers take longer to make job choices. They look upon a job as temporary instead of as a career, partly because they want to keep their options open. They are always looking to jump ship when they can upgrade their situation. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.This generation seems to do things at a much later age than their parents. They graduate from college later, stay at home longer, and marry much later. Many who leave home come back again, sometimes more than once. This is due in part to the high cost of living and the fact that many have piled up huge studentloan debts. In contrast with the baby boomers, who couldn’t wait to leave home, Generation X’ers save their money so they can live better when they do leave. It may be that some just want to delay the time when they are on their own, because they spent so much time alone as children.Many of X’ers’parents were busy in the morning getting ready for work and too tired to have any quality time with their children at night. X’er classrooms were often overcrowded. It was hard for the X’ers to get noticed, so as adults they have a need to be noticed. Often, they seek that attention in the workplace.Whether from watching TV or from being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-homeparents or grandparents, X’ers have come to expect a whole lot for nothing. They have a strong propensity for instant gratification, wanting it all and wanting it fast. Their favorite TV programs are soap operas. They would like their world to be filled with the same good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and without having to work too hard.It is not uncommon for X’ers to get out of high school and expect to be paid well despite minimal skills. Many disdain low-wage “McJobs”at fast-food chains. Young college graduates look to start at high paying positions with power and perks. They have little patience for working their way up.Yet, the X’ers feel that making money is not as important as experiencing life. To be a workaholic is to have no life. Consequently, a paradox exists between how they view life and what they think they need from it.Future TrendsThe first boomers are only 10 or 12 years away from retiring –and finally out of the way of the next generation. The X’ers will begin to take over in politics, arts and culture, education, media, and business. This should lead to a time of better problem solving and quicker solutions, as they hate political maneuvering and want to get to solutions in a fast, no-nonsense way.X’ers don’t like the fact that their parents spent so many hours working. They promise to do better with their children, being more accessible and providing a more stable home life.Since many of them will marry later when they are more mature, the divorce rate will finally begin to dip.When X’ers control the organizations of tomorrow, they will create a shorter workweek, so people will have more time to spend with their families and leisure activities. Productivity won’t suffer, as technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, the X’ers’disdain for office politics and desire to solve problems faster will improve productivity. If organizations do not manage their human resources better, X’ers will leave to find or create a more humane workplace.Many Generation X’ers have a freedom-minded and individualistic nature. They like to be left alone to solve problems. They are a perfect group to become consultants, as already evidenced by so many venturing out on their own.Organizations will come to rely on the X’ers’entrepreneurial spirit to foster innovation. They will create systems that will allow “intrapreneurs”to create and run small businesses within a business. The organization’s financial support will allow young people to research and create new products at unparalleled rates. Outside entrepreneurs of this generation will team up with these “intrapreneurs”to create joint ventures.Generation X’ers have started to use their technology skills to create virtual businesses, and they will be the driving force behind this marketplace in the future. They have been quick to take advantage of the lower overhead and quick start-ups that the Internet provides. Being able to reach millions of people with new ideas and products instantly attracts thisgeneration.Generation X has evolved in dramatically different ways than previous generations. What motivated past generations is far different from what motivates this new breed. But the changes will be for the better in many ways. Kids may not be what they used to be, but if we listen, there is a lot we can learn from them. The future will be a better place if we do.Unit 4 SuccessA young man of humble origins came to New York from the Midwest to seek his fortune. He dreamed, in the American way, of becoming a millionaire. He tired his luck on Wall Street. He was diligent and shrewd and, when he had to, devious. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and he did some things with an electronics acquisition that wouldn’t bear explaining. He succeeded even beyond his dream: he made twelve million dollars.At first the young man assumed that everything was working out splendidly. “Isn’t is grand?”he said to his wife, once it was apparent that he had made twelve million dollars.“No, it isn’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But that’s impossible,”the young man said. “I’m rich person. We live in an era that celebrates rich people. Rich people are shown in the newspapers in the company of moviestars and famous novelists and distinguished dress designers. The names of the richest corporate raiders are known to every schoolboy. There are rich real estate sharks whose faces appear on the covers of glossy magazines.”“Yours won’t,”his wife said. “You’re a nobody.”“But I have twelve million dollars,”the young man said.“So do a lot of people,”his wife said. “They’re nobodies, too.”“I could buy our way onto the committees of important charity balls,”the young man said. “Then we’d be mentioned in the columns.”“Don’t kid yourself,”his wife said. “The important committees are already filled with people who are really rich. People like us would end up working on something like a dinner dance to benefit the American Psoriasis Foundation.”“But I own a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue that’s worth two million dollars,”the young man said.“Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen,”his wife said, “so to speak.”“I have a stretch limousine,”the young man said. “It’s twenty-one and half feet long.”“Nobody famous has ever ridden it,”his wife said. “Henry Kissinger and Calvin Klein have never heard of you. You’re a nobody.”The young man was silent for a while. “Are you disappointed with me?”he finally said to his wife.“Of course I’m disappointed in you,”she said, “When you asked me to marry you, you said you would surely amount to something. How was I to know that you’d turn out to be a nobody?”For a moment the young man looked defeated. Then he squared his shoulders and cleared his throat. “I’ll make them pay attention,”he said, “I’ll buy a professional football team and argue a lot with the coach in public. Celebrities will join me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You can’t buy a professional football team for twelve million dollars”his wife said. “Professional football teams cost big bucks.”“Then I’ll buy a magazine and appoint myself chief columnist,”the young man said. “A tiny but exceedingly flattering picture of me will run next to my column every week. The owners of professional football teams will invite me to watch big games from the owner’s box.”“You might be able to buy one of those weekly-shopper throwaways for twelve million dollars, but not a real magazine,”his wife said, “You can’t buy a real magazine for chicken feed.”“Is that what you call what we have?”the young man asked. “Is twelve million dollars chicken feed?”“It’s not a big bucks,”his wife said. “What can I tell you?”“But that’s not fair,”the young man said. “I’m a young man of humble origins who madetwelve million dollars. I succeeded even beyond my dream.”“Some of those things you did with the electronics acquisition probably weren’t fair either,”his wife said. “Fair isn’t being measured these days. What they measure is money.”“Then I’ll get more money,”the young man said. “I’m going to go back to Wall Street and make fifty million dollars.”But before the young man could make fifty million dollars a man from the Securities and Exchange Commission came and arrested him for having committed insider-trading violations in the electronics acquisition.The young man was taken away from his office in handcuffs. A picture on the front page of the afternoon paper showed him leaving his arraignment, trying to hide his face behind an $850 Italian overcoat. A long article in the morning paper used him as an example of a new breed of Wall Street traders who were the victims of their own greed, probably because of their humble origins. His friends and associates avoided him.Only his wife stuck by him. She tired to see the bright side. “For someone with twelve million dollars,”she said to the young man, “you’re getting to be pretty well known.”Unit 5 Women, Men & MoneyAha, Money. It’s probably the only thing that complicates life between the sexes as much as。
A 1、A deficiency in educational2、A survey shows that ambitious3、All the children in deficient4、Although he was confronted with5、Electronic art is a6、After his graduation from try his luck7、As you are married spouse8、A person who has therapist9、An overwhelming majority10、A number of formidable11、a number of (hypotheses)12、About 100 years theorized13、After cutting the wheat glean14、After two hours .manifest15、almost all the real (stipulate)16、All the survivors psychotherapy17、Americans are tilt18、As a top student. .initiated19、Any action disruptB 1、Between Christmas list2、Because he was driving deviate3、Bert*s wife stick by4、Buying a stretch cost big bucks5、Bill disliked？was mutual6、Both sides have？binding onC1、Could you spare me2、Climate is especil in the case of3、Chronic in digestion come in forms D1、During the interview, certainty2、Do you kown was referred to as3、Death was criminologist4、During negotiation contentiousE1、Examples extracted from2、European TV in comparison3、Electronic art4、Examples of successful initiative5、Educators are worried cocoonF1、Foreign language learners courtesy2、for different endowments3、Faced with the to the hilt4、Feeling a threat depreciateH1、He is loved by sense2、He met with be having an affair with3、He has been watching for every mail4、He is of American origins5、He was arrested and committing6、He is a shrewd7、He left his seek his fortune8、He capabilities opening9、Having the car screwed up10、His behavior is depressive11、His friends slapped12、He showed us all gleanings13、He took her alarmingly14、He wangted to to the hilt15、His life was compartmentalized16、He was a famous articulately17、he is a very (sheer)18、He is quite different s s parklesI1、It is important that functional2、In spite of a good confronted3、It is a very demanding novelty4、In order to make some lease5、It is very interesting prevalent6、It is reported that extracting7、I couldn*t believe he had a stroke8、It is really amazing stroke9、If you want to quit goes with10、I was born and grew up11、I still feel it draw a line between12、I should not let him take on13、In that country, piled up14、It is unlikely that amount to15、If you don*t kown end up16、I asked him was working out17、In order to have a touchy18、In order to prevent in public19、It is a place where dignity20、It is the accumulated differentiates21、I have been ashamed of my refusal22、I could hear (blundering )23、In many places laissez-faire 24、In order to attract fluctuates25、in order to (get into tamper)26、it is unrealistic(infallible)27、it is reported that (conned)28、It was too dark identify29、It is always prudent30、It is wrong for destinyL1、Long time tension deviantly2、Lioyd has carved a niche for3、Life was pure miseryM1、Many discoveries sensitivity2、Many teenagers compulsion3、Many new and lease4、Many immigrants deficiency5、More than twenty confrontation6、Many people in China going through7、Most foreign visitors on their own8、My university, excellence9、My friends and I overly violent10、Many people feel run amok11、Many people stand manifestation12、Many countries have victims13、Many people enjoy wrestling14、Mr.Steele thinks victimization15、more and more people (wincing)N1、Nowadays the tradition prevalent2、Not many people beyond their dreams3、Nowdays the (instantaneously)4、Nowadays,some monstersO1、One evening, stroke2、On children*s Day, waiting around3、On this hot irresistible4、on a hot day (fling off)P1、People who are sensitive2、People feel sorry stroking3、People are expecting be done with it4、People*s appearance makes a difference5、Ping Smulling penaltyS1、Some people are very sensitive2、Statistics reveal prevalent3、Some scientists and doctor purified4、Sometimes, leasing an5、Some people believe hold our peopletogether6、Sometimes, the subtle7、She likes her new job gallivant8、Some educators holding back9、She is quite comfortable with10、She had a talent for11、She sang an emotional12、She suffered burnout13、She was absent a touch of14、She bought a stroll15、she is a good (choked)16、She's an excellent conscientious17、Some people want prestige18、Some problem student identity19、students who by the book20、such a kind (After all)21、surveys made by (fallible)T1、This book is highlights2 The applicants documents withheld3、The Chinese government compulsory4、Those who plan compulsory5、The investigation deviation6、The prevalence of complaints7、The demerits deficient8、There is no need extracts9、Two U.S Army confronted10、The proverb“spare the rod and spoil thechild”11、The documents came in response to12、That pop singer teamed up with13、They look upon training14、Ted cleaned out his desk15、The young generation hates slavingaway16、The big company corporate17、The consulant even devious18、The actress now estate19、The young woman greed20、The policeman took away violated21、These were creatures so to speak22、The strange noise turned out23、They went into a small bar counterpart24、The experienced businessman counseled25、The director told the prospective26、The problem of some adorable27、The projector is connected with28、Aside from taking twenty29、The cultural argument heritage30、The vegetarian ingredients31、They are convinced in corporate32、The minister mandatory33、The tragedy could averted34、The U.S. government rash of35、The best moral sanction36、There was a definite bias37、The British Army in the throes of38、The identical twins adjoining39、These community are likely to40、The investigation bureaucrats41、The university priority42、Through long-time currency43、The people’s shrine44、The differences irreconcilable45、The governing body constituted46、The football match wrestling47、They wrestled the whole day48、The salesman talked victimized49、The colour and manifests50、The saying he gleaned51、The boy said impulsion52、The newly-unearthed embodies53、These sculptures are embodiment54、The arrangement and embodies55、The suffering of multitudinous56、Teachers are required initiate57、the professor had (obscure)58、the treasurer (screwed up)59、the baby kept (embedded)60、To show our appreciation61、To express their multitude62、this man has (credulous)63、these islands are(nonetheless)V Viewers in Shanghai at their disposalW1、We should not turn a blind eye to2、We saw a lot of flattering3、With the encouragement take comfort in4、We had planned make up for it5、With keen insight,6、With the development believe in7、We went to specializes in8、When we visited at any given moment9、With the support multitude10、When she learned that impulse11、We should carefully impulsive12、When he was contending13、Whether the stationed contention14、When kids meddlesomeY1、You will be spared the fine2、Young people tend jump ship3、You need to bring a spare tire改错：A project --C、byA knowledge --C、itA Brazilian--C、untilA great--D、of whichAs you--D、learn better。
Unit 1 Travel LanguageText1 The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compulsory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as ―internet‖ or ―byte stream‖ just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face.2 Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king‘s English prevlent in America, where ―honour‖ is commonly written as ―honor‖ and ―night‖ as ―nite,‖ many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk –a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby‘s matinee jacket is a vest. It‘s obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.3 Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that what used to be the king‘s lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate.4 The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers ―a speedy execution‖ and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested gue sts to ―please hung yourself here.‖ One hopes that nobody took the advice literally.5 To these I can add some of my own experiences, encountered in long years of traveling the world. There was, for example, the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that ―revolting new ideas‖ were being marketed, and the boast of some Bombay bakers that ―we are No. 1 loafers, best values in whole town.‖6 I realized how far Christinanity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist: The teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists.7 I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages. I feel quite strongly, however, that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate that he is a ―Specialist in Women and Other Diseases.‖8 Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual signs. One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments. Nevertheless, the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the following instruction for the use of the life (elevator) might well prefer to walk: ―To move the life,push button to wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should push number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by natural order. Button retaining pressed position shows received command for visiting station.‖ The less sophisticated notice in Istanbul (―To call room service, please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE‖) at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work.9 In Turkey, the delight in ―straight talk‖ expresses itself in th e by-now-famous Ankara brochure which advises, ―Visit our restaurant where you can eat Middle East foods in an European Ambulance.‖ A note on a Swiss menu that ―Our wines leave nothing to hope for‖ was equally inviting.10 Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire. A notice in the hotel rooms that ―the honoured guests are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 o‘clock‖ might, however, result in some unplanned traffic jams. A recent Moscow exhibition‘s announcement drew attention to ―a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years‖ – hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor.11 A Bangkok laundry‘s advertisement to the visiting public (―Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself‖) could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.12 In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time.13 It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilingual Palma announcement that dancing was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, ―Baile! Baile! Baile!‖ in Spanish, ―Tanz! Tanz! Tanz!‖ in German, and ―Balls! Balls! Balls!‖ in what was meant to be English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.14 The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are known to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: ―It is strictly forbidden on ourBlack Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.‖15 I am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proveda real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an Austrian hotel room he found the sign: ―If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.‖16 There are undoubtedly more and varied versions of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process.ExercisesB部分1 Some people are very sensitive about what others might think of them.2 Between Christmas and New Y ear‘s day, many stores have a long list of goods on sale. This is known as New Y ear‘s sale.3 Statistics reveal that traveling during one‘s vocation is becoming prevalent as money and spare time increase.4 A deficiency in educational resources puts at risk the intellectual development of our children.5 The applicant‘s documents required for immigration were withheld by the local police station because of his criminal record.6 During the interview, Mary told the interviewer that she would like to do something interesting but Tom said with certainty that he would choose the job which pays well.7 It is important that the elevators be functional before the Spring Festival.8 In spite of a good harvest, farmers were confronted with many difficulties in selling their grain, which they alone could not overcome.9 Foreign language learners should know that the way of expressing courtesy will be quite different from country to country.10 Y ou will be spared the fine if you tell us who else was involved.11 One evening, I was running after a robber in the nearby woods. Suddenly, I was hit by a stroke of a heavy thing from behind and lost my consciousness.12 A survey shows that ambitious companies will provide the customer with high-quality goods as well as first-class services.13 Some scientists and doctors claim that purified water, which is popular in the market, may be harmful to children.14 This book is worth buying for it highlights all the famous American writers and their works.It is a very demanding job to be a soap-opera writer because the novelty of a soap-opera wears off quickly.C部分1. People who are sensitive in character my have difficulty in making friends.2. He is loved by his students, for he is not only a learned person but also has a sense of humor.3. Many discoveries resulted from the sensitivity of scientists to seemingly common things.4. The Chinese government has issued a law that nine years of education is compulsory for every child.5. Many teenagers have no weekends nowadays. They undertake extra training or remedial classes under the compulsion of their parents.6. Those who plan to study abroad have to take a compulsory examination of language proficiency.7. Many new and tall buildings have big posters on their front windows saying ―For lease or Sale‖ but the real estate prospects are still quite bleak.8. In order to make some money Mr. Wilson moved his family to the first floor and started to lease the ground floor.9. Sometimes, leasing an apartment can be cheap and easy for a person who wants to settle down in a new place.10. Because he was driving his car at a speed of over 180 miles an hour, a tiny rock was enough to deviate his car off the road.11. Long time tension and pressure may cause people to behave deviantly.12. The investigation shows that the air crash was caused by a deviation from normal airport procedure.13. The prevalence of complaints about the bad weather all over the world may make people aware how serious air pollution is.14. It is very interesting that some styles of clothes that were prevalent in the last century have again become a fashion now.15. Nowadays the tradition of three generations of a family living under the same roof is no longer prevalent in many cities of China.16. All the children in kindergarten are required to drink at least one glass of milk a day because rickets can result from a diet deficient in vitamin D.17. The demerits of the present educational system are revealed by college graduates who are deficient in practical experience.18. There is no need to read the whole novel. Sometimes people may benefit a lot from reading just a few extracts.19. It is reported that some peasants have made a fortune by extracting poison from snakes they raised.20. Examples extracted from our daily life are vivid and easy for people to understand.21. Two U.S. Army experts were sent from Germany to join the air force officers in the search for answers to the mystery that confronted them.22. More than twenty years‘ confrontations between the two countries have solved by diplomatic negotiations.23. Although he was confronted with many difficulties in setting up a new company, he did not give up.24. The proverb ―Spare the rod and spoil the child‖ means that discipline is necessary for children; otherwise they may grow up to be spoiled.25. Y ou need to bring a spare tire with you just in case your car breaks down in the middle of somewhere.26. Could you spare me a few minutes? I have something important to talk with you.27. I couldn‘t believe he had a stroke last month because he can walk like a normal person now.28. People feel sorry for some young women who think that a happy life means to spend their time at home watching TV and stroking their pets.29. It is really amazing that he could write complicated Chinese characters with one stroke.改错1 If our friends cannot take us, we must make alternative arrangements to get to the airport.2 No one in this department has ever accused the governor of taking advantage of his position; he is hard-working and considerate.3 The pet dog died when it was fifteen, not of old age, but of a head injury when it fell down a flight of stairs.4 Casualties are said to be very high and in some villages, where older and less substantial buildings predominate, it is said that not a house remains standing.5 It was an accepted custom in western countries for men to open the door for women and always to let ladies go first on social occasions.6 Early industrial people used three times as much energy as their agricultural ancestors; modern people are using three times as much as their industrial ancestors.7 Geothermal sources, though in a sense free, in order to be maintained, would end up using more energy than they produced.8 Ever since the invention of the two-day weekend, where-to-go-for-the-holiday has been a live topic for people in this city.9 When we speak of leisure nowadays, we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something; time weighs less heavily on your hands, and the problem is how to fill it.10 There is absolutely no reason for saying that there are no regularities in Nature with which our statements of natural law correspond.完形填空Whatever else people do when they come together – whether they play, fight, or make automobiles –they talk. We lie in a world of language. We talk to our friends, our associates, our wives and husbands, our bosses, our teachers, our parents and in-laws. We talk to bus drivers and total strangers. We talk face to face and over the telephone, and everyone responds with more talk. Television and radio further swell this torrent of words. Hardly a moment of our waking lives is free from words, and even in our dreams we talk and are talked to. We also talk when there is no one to answer. Some of us talk aloud in our sleep. We talk to our pets and sometimes to ourselves. We are the only animals that do so.The possession of language, more than any other attribute, distinguishes humans from other animals. To understand our humanity we must understand the language that makes us human. According to the philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many peoples, it is language that is the source of human life and power. To some people of Af rica, a newborn child is a kuntu, a ―thing‖, not yet a muntu, a ―person.‖ Only by the act of learning does the child become a human being. According to this tradition, we all become ―human‖ because we all come to know at least one language.翻译在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
多维教程－探索翻译+课后答案旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream 之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
•3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛•菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
